'Kunua / Kulamba' Mibelu ya mayi a tshimpitshimpi ne mamanyisha a mayi a kulamba¶

Padi tshibambalu tshia mayi tshia mu tshimenga anyi tshibambalu tshia malu a bukola bua mubidi tshifila didimuija dia mayi a mu pompi, nzubu ya bungi itu iuja tshilongo pa tshioshelu ne ivuija mayi a kapia. Nansha mudi kulamba kuikale tshipiminu tshia or tshia kushipa bipupu bia mubidi mu tshikondo tshia Dimanyisha dia mâyi a kulamba (bu mudi panyima pa dishipa dia mâyi anyi dibutuka dia mâyi), kulamba mâyi a mu pompi mu tshikondo tshia dimanyisha dia "Kunua" anyi "Kuenza mudimu ne bintu bia tshimpitshimpi anyi bia algue" ntshilema tshidi mua kunyanga muoyo. Padi mayi a mu pompi manyanguke bua dibutuka dia mafuta (benzene, toluene, xylenes, diesel fuel), dibutuka dia tshiamu tshia mudimu (trichloroethylene, MCHM, perchloroethylene), nitrates ya mu madimi, biamu binene (plomb, arsenic, mukuba), anyi **algalbloom mibi (cynoxine, cylindrospermopsin), luya kaluena lunyanga tshintu tshidi tshinyanga to. Pamutu pa nanku, kulamba kudi kuvuija bintu bia tshimpitshimpi bidi mua kunyanguka buludiludi mu lupepele lua mu tshikuku tshiebe bu lupepele lua buanga, ludi mua kupuyakana anyi kudi kuvuija mâyi malenga padiku kusangisha bintu bidi kabiyi binyanguka ne bintu bidi binyanguka too ne ku bungi bua lufu mu tshilongo.

Tshidi tshibi menemene ntshia se: kuowa mâyi a kapia, kuenza mudimu ne mashinyi a kusukula nawu bintu, anyi kusukula bilamba mu mâyi adi ne hydrocarbures bu mudi benzene anyi essence kudi kukudimuna nzubu webe wa kuowa mâyi bu nzubu wa gaz wa kupuyakana, udi ufila dose munene wa kansere mu mikolo ne mu dikoba mu minite 10 kupita kunua makopo a bungi a mâyi. Kabidi, padi mafuta a petrole adi anyanguka abuela mu njila wa nzubu muebe, adi abuela ne anyanguka mu milonda ya mâyi ya polyethylene (HDPE) ne ya polyethylene (PEX), ne adi apatula buanga mu mayi ebe a mu pompi munkatshi mua ngondo ya bungi panyima pa bamane kuowa mâyi manene a mu tshimenga. Kumanya dishilangana dilelela dia mudimu pankatshi pa mishindu isatu ya mibelu ya mayi, mushindu wa kujingulula bukoya bua tshimpitshimpi budi kabuyi bumanyishibua ku pompi, mishindu kayi ya kusukula mâyi ya mu nzubu idi kayiyi inyanguka anyi idi yenza mudimu bimpe, ne mushindu wa kujikija bukoya mu tshina tshia mâyi a kapia tshia mu nzubu muebe ne mu njila wa mâyi bidi bisungila dîku diebe ku disama dia poison dikole.

Enza nunku mpindieu¶

1. Bala miaku mijalame ya didimuija dia mbulamatadi diakamue: "Lamba mayi" vs. "Kunua" vs. "Kuenza mudimu." Bikala didimuija diamba ne: "Kunua" anyi "Kuenza mudimu", KUENA MUA KUTEKA mâyi a mu pompi nansha kakese. Kuosha kudi mua kuwuja nzubu muebe ne luya lua tshimpitshimpi (benzène, mafuta, bintu bidi bilengeja) anyi kusangisha bintu bidi kabiyi binyanguka kudi kapia (cyanotoxins, nitrates, plomb).
2. Shintulukila diakamue ku mayi a mu milondo mikanga bua malu onso a kunua, dilongolola dia mabele a bana, dilamba, disukula dia meno, dienza dia mabue a mashika, ne malonga a mayi a nyama. Kupeshi mbwa, mpushi anyi bimuna mâyi a mu pompi a "Kunua" nansha kakese; nyama ya mu nzubu idi mua kupeta bipupu bia microcystin cyanotoxins ne hydrocarbures ya petrole.
3. Lekela kuowa mâyi a kapia, kuowa mâyi, anyi kuenza mudimu ne biamu bia mayi a kapia pikala mayi ebe a mu pompi anunkila bu esanse, mazutu, petrole, tshintu tshia kumbusha nail, licorice, anyi terpentine, anyi pikala dimanyisha dia tshintu tshia tshimpitshimpi tshia ne: "Kunua / Kuena ne bua kuenza natshi mudimu" tshidi tshienza mudimu. Mashi a kapia adi mua kuowa mâyi a kapia bu mudi bintu bidi binyanguka (VOC). bu mudi benzene mu lupepele ludi mua kupuyakana ne luya ludi lupita lukasa mu alveoli ya mu mikolo ne mu bipese bia dikoba. Ela kapepe mu nzubu pa kunzulula madidishi ne kutemesha lupepele lua mu nzubu wa kuowa mâyi pikala tshiamu tshia kuowela natshi mudimu matuku mashale aa.
4. Bikila Poison Control anyi nimero wa lupitadi lua muaba unudi pikala muntu upeta disama dia mutu, disama dia mupuya wa bintu bia tshimpitshimpi, disama dia nshingu, disama dia nshingu, disama dia dikoba, anyi dipanga dia lungenyi panyima pa yeye mumane kunua anyi kuowa mâyi a mu pompi adi ne bukoya. Mu États-Unis, bikila Poison Control ku nimero eyi 1-800-222-1222 anyi ela 911 (112 mu matunga masanga a ku Mputu, 999 mu Royaume-Uni, anyi tangila nomba ya tshimpitshimpi tshilaminu).
5. Kueyemenyi bipese bia tshiamu tshia carbone (Brita, Pur) anyi bipese bia tshiibi tshia frigo bua kuenza bua mayi ikale mimpe to. Bipese bia carbone bia mu nzubu kabiena mua kumbusha nitrate, biamu binene anyi bintu bia bungi bia mu midimu to, bidi bipeta "dishintuluka" dia lukasa padi hydrocarbure muwule tente, ne kabiyi bijadikibue bua kuenza bintu bia tshimpitshimpi mayi a kunua adi kaayi mimpe.
6. Kanga tshiamu tshia mayi mashika tshidi pa mutu pa tshiamu tshia kukanga natshi mayi tshia mu nzubu muebe ne ujime tshiamu tshia mashika tshia mu frigo webe mpindieu pikala tshintu tshidi tshipatuka anyi tshipepele tshia hydrocarbure tshibuele mu tshina tshia mâyi tshia mu kartshie kebe. Kutapulula tshina tshieba tshia 150-to-300-litre (40-to-80-gallon) tshia mayi a kapia kudi kupangisha mayi a mu njila adi kaayi ne bukoya bua kubuela mu tshina ne kuela tshilamba tshia anode, bintu bia kuenza nabi kapia, ne biamu bia munda.

Bitupa bisatu bia mbulamatadi bia mibelu ya mayi a mu pompi¶

Balombodi ba malu a bukola bua mubidi ne balombodi ba malu a mayi a kunua pa buloba bujima, kusangisha ne Tshibambalu tshia dikuba dia buloba tshia mu États-Unis (EPA), Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), World Health Organization (WHO), ne UK Drinking Water Inspectorate (DWI), badi bateka mayi a kunua mu bitupa bisatu bia mudimu wa tshimpitshimpi. Kuenza mudimu ne Tier 2 anyi Tier 3 bu Tier 1 kudi mua kukebesha mputa mikole.

flowchart TD
    A["Didimuija dia mayi a mu pompi dia lukasa anyi mupuya mubi ku pompi"] --> B{"Ntshitupa kayi tshia mibelu tshidi tshikumbanyine?"}
    B -->|Tier 1: Boil-Water Advisory / Notice| C["Anu njiwu ya bintu bidi ne muoyo: Bactérie, Virus, Giardia, Cryptosporidium"]
    B -->|Tier 2: Do Not Drink / Do Not Boil Advisory| D["Dinyanguka dia bintu bia tshimpitshimpi, dia cyanotoxine, dia nitrate, anyi dia biamu bia bujitu"]
    B -->|Tier 3: Do Not Use All-Stop Order| E["Tshintu tshia bungi tshia mafuta/tshintu tshia dilengeja natshi bintu, njiwu kayiyi mimanyike, anyi ya radiologie"]
    C --> F["Ela mayi a mu pompi bua kutokesha mu minite umua mujima, anyi minite isatu pa mutu pa 2,000 m / 6,500 ft"]
    C --> G["Mbimpe bua bantu bakole bua kuowa mâyi ne kusukula bilamba bikalabi kabiyi bimina"]
    D --> H["KUTEKA MÂYI A MU POBI: Enza mudimu ne mayi a mu milondo anu bua kunua, bua kunua, bua kulamba, bua kunua meno ne bua nyama ya mu nzubu"]
    D --> I{"Tshintu tshidi tshinyanguka tshidi ne VOC/Fuel anyi tshidi katshiyi tshinyanguka?"}
    I -->|Volatile: Benzene, Fuel, Solvents| J["KUENA KUENZA Mayi a Kapia, Mashinyi a Kuowa Malongo, anyi Mema a Kapia a mu Nzubu: Njiu ya kupuyakana mu luya"]
    I -->|Non-Volatile: Nitrates, Lead, Low Microcystin| K["Tangila dimanyisha dia mbulamatadi: Disukula dia bianza ne disukula dia bilamba didi dianyishibua pa tshibidilu pikalabu kabayi badie"]
    E --> L["KUTENGI MÂYI A MU ROBI NANSHA MU TOILET WA KUJIKIJA: Kanga tshiamu tshia mayi tshia mu nzubu munene diakamue"]

Tablo wa difuanyikija: Mayi a kulamba vs. Kunua vs. Kuenza mudimu¶

(Bua kupeta meyi onso a dishipa dia bikunyibua mu tshikondo tshia dikisha dinene dia Tier 1, bala Mashinyi a mu tshimenga tshijima ne mibelu ya mayi a kuosha.)

Bua tshinyi kulamba mayi a tshimpitshimpi anyi a cyanotoxine kudi kushipa¶

Kujingulula tshidi tshikebesha bintu bidi binyanga mayi a mu pompi kudi kumvuija bua tshinyi bibambalu bia malu a bukola bua mubidi bidi bishindika "Kuela" mu maleta manene mu bikondo bia njiwu ya mayi adi kaayi a bioloji.

1. Bintu bidi binyanguka (VOCs) ne hydrocarbures ya petrole¶

Dinyanguka dia mishindu ya diabanya dia bintu mu tshimenga kudi benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, ne xylenes (BTEX), esanse, mafuta a ndeke (JP-5 / JP-8), mafuta a diesel, anyi bintu bia mudimu bu mudi **trichloroethylene (TCE), tetrachlorethylene (PCE), ne 4-Chlomecylmecylhane (MCHM) bidi bienzeka mu tshikondo tshia dibutuka dia mayi a mu midimu, dipatuka dia mashinyi pabuipi ne misulu, kapia ka muitu kadi kanyangakaja milonda ya plastique ne kunua muishi wa benzène mu milonda ya mayi idi kayiyi ne bukole, anyi njiwu ya dipingana dia mayi.

• Mukenji wa Henry ne diumusha dia kapepe ka mu nzubu: Bintu bidi binyanguka bidi ne luya lua bungi ne dinyanguka dikese mu mayi. Dîba didi mayi manyanguke apatuka mu tshiamu tshia nzembu kupitshila ku tshiamu tshia kuela kapepe, ku tshiamu tshia kuowa natshi mâyi, ku tshiamu tshia kuowela natshi, ku tshiamu tshia kusukula natshi malonga, anyi ku tshiamu tshia kusukula natshi bilamba, 70 too ne ku 90 pa lukama ya benzène anyi tshiamu tshia dilengeja natshi bintu tshidi tshipatuka mu mayi ne tshibuela mu luya lua mu nzubu.
• Tshintu tshia kuowa mâyi ne tshia kutokesha: Difuanyikija dia malu a sianse dia EPA ne ATSDR dia mu États-Unis didi dileja ne: kuowela minite 10 too ne ku 15 ya kuowa mâyi a kapia mu mâyi adi ne benzene anyi TCE kudi kupatula dose wa munda wa dipuekesha ne wa kupitshila mu dikoba udi mufuanangane ne kunua litre 2 (0.) ya mâyi adi ne bukoya, padi tshilongo tshitokesha, padi tshilongo tshitokesha. pa tshioshelu tshidi tshipatula pabuipi ne 100 pa lukama tshia tshintu tshidi tshinyanguka buludiludi mu mpala wa muntu udi uteka.

2. Harmful Algal Bloom (HAB) Cyanotoxins: Microcystin, Cylindrospermopsin, ne Anatoxin-a¶

Mu ngondo ya mashika ya mu muvu wa été, dipatuka dia bintu bidi bikolesha mubidi didi dijula bilongo bia bungi bia cyanobacteria (algae bleu-vert) mu majiba ne mu bisuku bia mâyi a kunua bia mu tshimenga (bu mudi dijiba dia Erie mu tshilumbu tshia mâyi tshia mu 2014 mu Toledo, mu Ohio anyi mu bisuku bia mu musulu wa Willamette mu Oregon). Cyanobacteria idi ipatula buanga bukole munda mua selile:

• Microcystins ne Cylindrospermopsin (Hepatotoxins ne Nephrotoxins): Bidi bikuata tshifu ne mifuba, bifikisha ku diela dia tshisumi, disama dia tshiadi, disama dia mu difu, bipumbishi bidi pabuipi ne mukana, ne bidi mua kufikisha ku lufu dipanga dia tshifu.
• Anatoxin-a ne Saxitoxins (Neurotoxins): Bidi bifikisha ku disama dia lukasa dia mishiku ne ku nsongo ya minu, dikankamika dia mifuba, dijimija dia diumvuangana, ne disama dia mupuya.
• Bua tshinyi dilamba didi divuija cyanotoxins mibi menemene: Microcystin i molecule wa heptapeptide udi ushala mushindame nansha yeye mupite pa 300 degrés Celsius (572 degrés Fahrenheit). Kuteka mayi a mu pompi ku 100 degre Celsius (212 degre Fahrenheit) munkatshi mua minite 5 anyi 20 didi dibutula zero microcystin. Pamutu pa nanku, kulamba kudi kunyangakaja (kutshibula) selile yonso ya cyanobacteria idi mishale mu mayi, kuela bintu biabu bia buanga bidi munda mua mâyi eku kulamba bungi bua mayi, kuvudija bungi bua buanga budi mu dikopo diebe anyi mu mulondo wa muana.

3. Nitrates ne biamu bia bujitu (plomb, arsenic, cuivre)¶

• Nitrates ("Blue Baby Syndrome" / Methemoglobinemia): Manyoka a madimi anyi mâyi a mu madimi adi abuela mu mishimi ya mu tshimenga anyi mu mayi a mu misoko adi afila bungi bua nitrate (> 10 mg/L nitrate-nitrogen). Mu bana batekete badi ne bidimu muinshi mua ngondo 6 (ne bantu badi ne difu ne bantu badi ne dipanga dia G6PD), bactérie ya mu bitupa bia munda idi ikudimuna nitrate (NO3-) mu nitrite (NO2-), udi wenza bua hemoglobine ikale methemoglobine, mushindu wa tshiamu tshia mashi tshidi tshiyi mua kuambula oxygène. Mishiku ya muana, mishiku, ne minu bidi bilua bule bua ardoise anyi bu tshitoke tshia tshikolakola, bifikisha ku dijimija mupuya. Mâyi a kulamba bua mabele a bana adi apuekesha mâyi malenga ne abandisha bungi bua nitrate, adi akolesha disama dia methemoglobinemie didi mua kushipa muntu.
• Plomb, Arsenic, ne Cuivre: Tshintu tshia mayi tshidi tshinyanguka, dinyanguka dia nzubu wa mayi, anyi bintu bidi bipatuka mu midimu bidi bipatula biamu bia bujitu bidi kabiyi binyanguka. Bu mudi biamu kabiyi mua kunyanguka ne luya, minite yonso iudi uteka mâyi a mu pompi idi ivudija miligrame ku litre ya plomb anyi ya arsenic idi mishale mu tshilongo.

Kumanya dinyanguka dia bintu bia tshimpitshimpi anyi dia mafuta ku pompi webe¶

Mu bipupu binene bia dinyanguka dia mayi (bu mudi mu 2014 Elk River MCHM spill mu Charleston, West Virginie; 2021 Red Hill jet-fuel contamination mu Oahu, Hawaii; ne post-fire wildfire pipe pipe mu Californie ne Colorado), bena musoko bavua bumvua mupuya anyi balaba bintu bia tshimpitshimpi mu tshikuku tshiabu mêba a bungi anyi kumpala kua "Dock No" didimuija divua dimanyishibua.

Bimanyinu Bikunze: Lekela kuenza mudimu ne mayi a mu pompi diakamue wewa mumone tshimue tshia ku bintu ebi¶

Bua tshinyi biamu bia kusukula nabi mâyi bia mu nzubu kabitu binyanguka padibu bafila mibelu ya malu a tshinyangu¶

Mu tshikondo tshia njiwu ya "Kunuayi", nzubu miliyo ya bungi idi bela meji ne: badi mua kuela mâyi a mu pompi adi ne bukoya mu tshisuku tshia pa mutu pa mesa, mu tshisuku tshia ku pompi, mu tshisuku tshia mâyi tshia mu frigo anyi mu tshisuku tshia mu tshitudilu.

Bukokeshi bwa tshikebelu vs. Dibutuka dia njiwu¶

1. Microbiological Camping Filters (Hollow-Fiber Membrane Straws, Sawyer, LifeStraw, Ceramic Gravity Filters):
   • Kakuyi diumusha dia bintu bia tshimpitshimpi anyi dia toxine: Microfiltration ne ultrafiltration ya bunene bua pore (0.1 bua 0.2 microns) udi ukuata bactérie ne protozoa, kadi molecule ya benzène, mafuta, manga, nitrate, plomb, ne microcystin cyanotoxins idi misangu binunu ne binunu mikese kupita tshitupa tshia 0.1-micron ne idi ipita buludiludi mu 100 pa lukama.
2. Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) Pitchers and Frigo Filters (Brita, Pur, ZeroWater, Fridge Cartridges):
   • Kabena banyishibue bua dibutuka dia bintu bia tshimpitshimpi: Mukenji wa NSF/ANSI 42 (mutoyi/mupuya) anyi NSF/ANSI 53 (bintu bidi binyanga makanda a mubidi bidi ne mushinga mukese) biamu bia kulengeja nabi kabon bidi bienza anu bua kulengeja mâyi adi makumbane kale ne mikenji ya mu tshimenga ya Safe Drinking Water Act.
   • Dikumbaja dia lukasa ne "Dibutula dia bintu": Carbone activé udi wenza mudimu pa kubueja bintu bia mubidi mu bipese bia bintu bikese. Padi hydrocarbures ya bungi ya petrole, solvants, anyi toxines ya algue ituta mu tshibombi tshikese, tshitanda tshia carbone tshidi tshiuwula lukasa kakuyi didimuija dia kumona ("dibutuka"). Tshibi menemene, padi mayi makumbane, adi mua kumbusha (kuela) bintu bivuabu bakuate kumpala mu dikopo diebe dia kunua mu bungi bupite bua mayi a mu pompi.
3. Under-Sink Reverse Osmosis (RO) Systems (NSF/ANSI 58 Certified):
   • Padi mishindu ya bungi ya Reverse Osmosis (idi isangisha pre-carbon blocks, semi-permeable RO membrane, ne post-carbon) idi iumusha nitrates, heavy metals (plomb, arsenic), ne microcystin cyanotoxins, standard polymeric RO membranes idi mibuela ne inyanguka ku mubidi kudi 'low-weight organic organic bintu bidi bilengeja ne hydrocarbures ya petrole (bu mudi benzene), ne kunyanga tshina tshiabu tshia tshibombi tshidi ne bukole padibi bibuela mu tshina tshia bintu bia tshimpitshimpi. Bibambalu bia malu a bukola bua mubidi bidi bilomba bua kubenga kuenza mudimu ne biamu bia RO bia ku nzubu mu tshikondo tshia dimanyisha dia dibutuka dia bintu bia tshimpitshimpi, bualu mâyi adi ne bukoya adi anyanga tshilamba ne tshina tshia kulamina bintu.

Kulama tshiamu tshiebe tshia mâyi mpindieu ne kusukula nzubu webe kunyima kua "All-Clear"¶

Padi tshipupu tshia tshinyangu tshibuela mu nzubu muebe, kuindila anu bua tshimenga tshimanyishe ne: tshina tshia mâyi tshia mu njila ntshikezuke ki nkukumbane to. Nzubu webe udi ne 150 too ne ku 350 litre (40 too ne ku 90 gallons) ya mayi manyanguke mikanga munda mua tshiamu tshieba tshia mayi a kapia, mu milonda ya mayi mashika, mu bulalu bua tshiamu tshia mashika, ne mu milonda ya biamu bia mudimu.

Tshitupa 1: Ditapulula dia lukasa dia tshiamu tshia mayi (padi mibelu yenza mudimu)¶

Shi Tier 2B (Volatile Chemical/Fuel) nansha Tier 3 (Do Not Use) udi mumanyishibua:

1. Jima tshiamu tshia kubueja natshi mayi mashika tshidi pa mutu pa tshiamu tshiebe tshia mayi a kapia (kudimuna mutangile ku tshianza bua tshiamu tshia tshiibi, anyi 90 degrés perpendiculaire ku pipe bua tshiamu tshia ball).
2. Wewe ne tshiamu tshia kuowa natshi mayi tshia gaz anyi tshia nzembu ne kuyi wenza mudimu ne mayi a kapia, shintulula tshiamu tshia kapia pa "PILOT / VACATION" (gaz) anyi ujime tshiamu tshiatshi tshia nzembu (tshia nzembu) bua katshiyi tshipita bukole padi bukole bupueka.
3. Pita tshiamu tshieba tshia kupepeja natshi mayi tshia mu nzubu mujima anyi tshiamu tshia carbone tshia mu nzubu mujima ku diambuluisha dia 3-valve anyi push-pull bypass manifold udi kunyima kua tshiamu tshia ku mutu. Shi mafuta a petrole anyi bintu bia tshimpitshimpi bibuela mu tshina tshia tshiamu tshia résine tshia ion-exchange tshia tshintu tshidi tshilengeja mayi, bipese bia résine bidi bikuata bintu bia tshimpitshimpi ebi kashidi ne bidi ne tshia kupingajibua ku mushinga mukole.
4. Kudimuna tshianza tshia tshiamu tshia nzembu (anyi kujima) pa tshiamu tshia mashika tshia mu frigo webe.

Tshitupa 2: Mukenji wa dilengeja dia bintu bia mu nzubu kunyima kua difila dia mibelu¶

Kubangi kusukula milonda ya mu nzubu muebe too ne padi tshibambalu tshieba tshia mayi tshimanyisha ne: mukenji wa Kunua / Kuenza mudimu ne mmumbushibue bua muaba uudi musombele (bibambalu bidi bisukula milonda ya mu njila mu bitupa bidi bilondangana bua bena nzubu kabakoki bintu bia tshimpitshimpi mu milonda ya nzubu to).

Padibu bamane kujikija tshitupa tshiebe tshia njila:

1. Ela kapepe mu nzubu mujima kumpala kua kunzulula tshina tshia mâyi:
   • Shi tshinyangu tshidi tshitangila bintu bidi mua kunyanguka (benzene, mafuta, MCHM, bintu bidi bilengeja), kangula madidishi onso, enza mudimu ne ventilateur ya mu nzubu wa kuowa mâyi ne wa mu tshikuku, ne teka ventilateur ya mu kazubu idi ipuekesha pambelu kumpala kua kutemesha mayi. Kuenza mudimu ne tshiamu tshionso tshia kuela mâyi mu milonda nekupatule tshipepele tshipi tshia luya lua tshimpitshimpi mu luya lua munda; Bantu badi ne difu, bana batekete, ne bantu badi ne disama dia mputa badi ne bua kupatuka pambelu anyi kuindila mu nzubu udi ne kapepe padi muntu mukulumpe ukangula pompi.
2. Umbusha ne Sukula bintu bionso bia kuela nabi kapepe ne bia kuowa mâyi:
   • Umbusha tshiamu tshikese tshia tshiamu tshia luya ku nsongo ya tshiamu tshionso tshia kuowa mâyi tshia mu tshikuku ne tshia mu nzubu wa kuowa mâyi. Bipese bia nsongo, bipese bia plomb, bipese bia karbone, ne matonsi a mafuta bidi bikuata buludiludi kunyima kua bintu ebi. Ubiteke mu mayi malenga ne vinegre, ubisukule ne brose, ne ubilekele bimane too ne padibi bijika ne mâyi mashika.
3. Sukula milonda ya mayi mashika kumbukila ku tshisasa tshia kuinshi too ne ku tshisasa tshia kuulu (15 too ne ku 30 minite):
   • Kangula bipese bia pambelu bia kumpala mu minite 5 bua kukoka mayi mimpe a mu njila kupitshila ku mulongo webe wa mudimu wa muinshi mua buloba.
   • Pashishe, kangula mashinyi onso a mayi mashika (mashinyi a kuowa mâyi, tshina tshia kuowa mâyi, tshina tshia kuowela bilamba, tshina tshia kuowa mâyi tshia mu tshikuku, tshina tshia kuowa mâyi tshia mu nzubu wa kuowa mâyi) kutuadijila mu nzubu wa muinshi mua buloba anyi wa kuinshi ne uya too ne ku tshisasa tshia kuulu.
   • Lekela mapompi onso a mashika enda musangu umua ne mayi onso munkatshi mua minite 15 to ne 30 (anyi bule bua matuku adibu balomba kudi tshibambalu tshiebe tshia mudimu) too ne padi mayi apita mashika onso ne kayi ne mupuya wa tshimpitshimpi anyi butoke.
4. Umbusha ne usukule tshina tshia mayi a kapia bimpe menemene:
   • Bualu tshiamu tshia 200-litre (50-gallon) tshia mayi tshidi tshisambakaja mayi adi abuela pamutu pa kuabueja buludiludi, udi ne tshia kusukula tshina tshia mayi a kapia pa nkayatshi:
   • Ikala ujima nzembu ya tshiamu tshia kapia, ulamakaja tshiamu tshia mu budimi ku tshiamu tshia mitaku tshia kuinshi kua tshina tshia mâyi, upuekesha mâyi onso mu tshina tshia mâyi, ne utshiwuje kabidi ne mâyi mashika, NANSHA ukangula pompi yonso ya mâyi a kapia mu nzubu ne uyienze mudimu munkatshi mua **minite 45 too ne ku 60 (bua tshina tshia 10-20-00-00; 75+ minite bua tshibombi tshia 300-litre / 80-gallon) bua kushintulula bunene bua tshibombi tshiuwule tente ibidi anyi isatu.
5. Mashinyi a kusukula nawu bintu, mashinyi a kusukula nawu bilamba, ne mashinyi a mashika:
   • Enza mudimu ne tshiamu tshia kusukula natshi malonga tshidi katshiyi ne tshintu mu bikondo bibidi bia kusukula nabi mayi a kapia kakuyi malonga.
   • Enza mudimu ne tshiamu tshia kusukula natshi bilamba tshidi katshiyi ne tshintu mu tshikondo tshimue tshia kusukula ne kusukula ne kapia.
   • Sukula mulongo wa tshiamu tshia mayi tshia mu frigo ne mutantshi wa litre 8 to ne ku 12 (2 to ne ku 3 gallons) ya mayi, pingaja tshiamu tshia kusukula natshi mayi tshia mu frigo ne tshiamu tshipiatshipia, ne enza lubilu ne wela bibombi bisatu bia kumpala biuwule tente ne mabue a mashika kumpala kua kudia mabue a mashika.
6. Pingaja bintu bionso bia mudimu:
   • Ela tshintu tshionso tshia kusukula natshi mâyi tshidi tshilengeja mâyi adi ne bukoya (tshiamu tshia kusukula natshi mayi, tshiamu tshia karbone tshia muinshi mua tshina tshia mâyi, tshiamu tshia sediment/carbon tshia mu nzubu mujima, ne tshiamu tshia kuowa natshi mâyi), sukula nzubu ya plastique ne nsabanga wa disukula ne mâyi malenga, ne ela tshiamu tshipiatshipia.

Nkonko itubu bela misangu ya bungi¶

Miaba mifumina¶

• Tshibambalu tshia bukubi bua buloba tshia mu États-Unis (EPA) Tshibambalu tshia mayi a muinshi mua buloba ne mayi a kunua: Mibelu ya bukola bua mubidi ya mayi a kunua bua cyanotoxins (Microcystins ne Cylindrospermopsin), Mikenji ya mayi a kunua a kumpala a ditunga (40 CFR Part 141) bua Benzene, VOCs, Nitrates, ne Lead, ne Post-Wildfire Distribution System VOC Contamination Guidance.
• Bibambalu bia diluisha ne dikuba dia masama (CDC, États-Unis): Kazubu ka biamu bia mudimu bia dimanyishangana nabi malu a mayi a kunua (Diumvuija dia mudimu ne mibelu ya patoke bua mibelu ya mayi a kulamba, mibelu ya kubenga kunua, ne mibelu ya kubenga kuenza mudimu).
• Bulongolodi bua malu a bukola bua mubidi pa buloba bujima (OMS, pa buloba bujima): Malu adi atangila bulenga bua mayi a kunua (tshibejibeji tshia 4): Bipupu bia tshimpitshimpi bia tshimpitshimpi, buanga bua Cyanobacterial, ne tshipiminu tshia Nitrate/Nitrite Methemoglobinemia.
• Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR / CDC, United States): Toxicological Profiles for Benzene, Toluene, Xylenes, Trichlorethylene (TCE), and 4-Methylcyclohexanemethanol (MCHM) (Dermal and inhalation exposure domes during boiling and boiling).
• American Water Works Association (AWWA) ne Purdue University Center for Plumbing Safety: Premise Plumbing Decontamination and Flushing Protocols Following Hydrocarbone and Chemical Intrusion Events (HDPE and PEX pipe permeation and stagnation sampling).

Malu adi apetangana¶

• Mashinyi a mu tshimenga tshijima ne mibelu ya mayi a kuosha
• Mamanyisha a bukubi bua mayi ne a luya
• Mashika makunze, bilongo bia algue bidi ne njiwu, ne bubi bua mayi a cyanobactérie
• Dituta dia tshiapu tshia bintu bia tshimpitshimpi, dibutuka dia mashinyi, ne dikanga dia nzubu wa tshisokomenu
• Kupeta bintu bia bukoya bidi ne njiwu bidi kabiyi bilondeshila mikenji anyi bingoma bia bintu bia tshimpitshimpi
• Diambuluisha dia kumpala dia poison
• Nomba ya tshimpitshimpi