Tshiamu tshia ozone tshidi tshishala tshienza mudimu mu nzubu: disama dia tshiadi tshia mu mikolo, disama dia mijilu didi dibuikila mupuya, ne dibuela mu nzubu mu bukubi¶

Mashinyi a bungenda ne a bantu badi basumba mashini a ozone adi apatula disama dia coronavirus ("mashinyi a ozone" anyi "mashini a diondopangana dia ozone") adibu bapanyisha ku Enternete ne adibu benza nawu mudimu kudi bena mudimu ba mu nzubu ya tshilala benyi, bena nzubu ya dikisha, basumbishi ba mashinyi a kale, bamfumu ba nzubu, ne bena mudimu ba dilongolola dia mvula anyi bikunyibua kabatu basukula anyi basukula kapepe ka mu nzubu to. Pamutu pa nanku, badi benza mudimu ne nzembu ya bukole bua bungi (3,000 too ne ku 20,000 volts) anyi miendu ya ultraviolet (185-nanometer UV-C) ya mutantshi muipi bua kutapulula molecule ya oxygène wa diatome (\(O_2\)) ne kuyisangisha kabidi mu oxygène wa triatomique (\(O_3\), 3$) ku dipatuka dia gaz munene 5,000 to 60,000 milligrams ku diba (mg/hr). Mu nzubu wa bulalu mukanga, mu nzubu wa tshilala benyi, mu nzubu wa muinshi mua buloba, anyi mu nzubu wa mashinyi, tshiamu tshimue tshia ozone tshidi tshifika ku bungi bua 10 too ne ku 50 bitupa pa miliyo (ppm) mu minite 15 anyi 30, mmumue ne: misangu 100 too ne ku 500 ya bungi bua tshipiminu tshia mudimu tshia OSHA (0.100pm) ne tshidi tshifika diakamue too ne ku 100 ppm** ne tshidi tshifika diakamue too ne ku 10 ppm. Njiwu ku muoyo anyi ku makanda a mubidi (IDLH = 5.0 ppm) tshipiminu**. Ku bungi bua bungi ebu, molecule ya \(O_3\) idi kayiyi mishindame idi imbusha electrons ku bintu bia mubidi padiyi ipetangana: idi inyangakaja tshitupa tshia epiteliale tshia mu tshiadi tshiebe tshia muntu ne tshia alveole, idi inyangakaja mijilu yebe ya mupuya mu tusekonde tukese bua wewe kuela meji ne: gaz mmujimine, ne idi yenza mudimu ne tapis wa mu nzubu ne mishipa ya kusukula nayi udi ufila matutu a formaldehyde muibidi, acetaldehyde, ultrafine organic aerosols, ne corrosive nitric acid. Lama muaba webe nomba ya tshimpitshimpi udi mudiakaje, ne ubale bulombodi buetu pa tshisuku tshisambakaja ne amoniak anyi vinegre gaz toxique, epoxy resin exothermic runaway ne VOC purges, ne nkunde kunyima kua dinyanguka dia mayi.

Wewe mubuele mu nzubu wa tshilala benyi, mu nzubu wa tshilala benyi wa Airbnb, mu nzubu mulongolola matuku mashale aa, anyi mu mashinyi adibu balongolole bimpe ne mumvue kazubu ka tshiamu kadi ne mupuya mukole, wa tshiamu, udi bu wa bleach udi ukuosha ku nshingu ne ku mêsu ebe, kushadi mu nzubu bua kuwupatula kapepe to. Kunyema diakamue mu lupepele luimpe lua pambelu, kuimanyika nzembu ya ku tshiamu tshia pambelu, ne kunemeka 2-to-4-hour half-life decay ne cross-ventilation purge window kudi kupangisha disama dia mu mikolo didi mua kunyanga muoyo.

Enza nunku mpindieu¶

1. Patuka diakamue mu nzubu anyi mu mashinyi ne ukanga tshiibi tshia panyima pebe bua kukanda tshipepele tshia ozone. Dîba diudi umvua mupuya mukole, mukole, wa tshiamu tshia "chlorine / electrical spark / thunderstorm", udi umvua mupuya wa kapia mu nshingu webe anyi mu tshiadi tshiebe, anyi umone ventilateur udi wenda unyunguluka pa nkuasa anyi pa mesa anyi pa mesa kapepe kimpe diakamue. Kuikadi nansha kakese mu nzubu muenza ne ozone bua kuangata bintu anyi kunzulula madidishi a bungi paudi upuyakana kapepe ka munda.
2. Kima tshiamu tshia ozone KUYI mubuele mu nzubu pa kukudimuna tshiamu tshia nzembu tshidi ku tshiamu tshinene tshia nzembu. Dîba dionso didi tshiamu tshinene tshia nzembu tshikale pambelu pa nzubu udibu balengeje (mu nzubu wa mashinyi, mu tshisasa, mu nzubu wa muinshi mua buloba anyi mu tshimanu tshia pambelu), jika tshiamu tshia nzembu tshia 15-amp anyi 20-amp tshidi tshipatuka pambelu pa nzubu munene (anyi kutshibula tshiamu tshia nzembu) nunku bipese bia ozone bidi bilekela kupatula \(O_3\) diakamue ne zero wa dipuekesha dia muntu.
3. Biwikala ne tshia kubuela mu nzubu bua kukosa tshingoma tshia nzembu anyi kukangula dididishi: ela luya luimpe lua pambelu misangu ibidi, ikala ne luya luebe luonso, buela lubilu mutantshi wa sekonde 10 anyi 15, ukoka tshingoma ku tshiibi tshia ku tshimanu, ne upatuke kumpala kua kupatula luya anyi kuela mupuya. Lama mêsu ebe matabale anyi wela mupuya bua kuepuka tshiji tshikole koka tshiamu tshia nzembu buludiludi mu tshibombi tshia ku tshimanu (kujimiji tusekonde tua bungi bua kuenza mudimu ne butonyi bukese bua dîba dia ku tshiamu), ne upingane mu kapepe kimpe kumpala kua wewe kuela mupuya.
4. Kueyemenyi diulu diebe nansha kakese kunyima kua masekonde 30 a kumpala: ozone udi ukebesha lukasa "disama dia mijilu ya mupuya" (dipanga dia mupuya) padiye ne bintu bidi ne buanga. Nansha mudi bantu ba pa tshibidilu mua kununkila mupuya wa ozone mu tshitupa tshikese tshia 0.01 too ne ku 0.02 ppm, padibu bapuekesha 0.5 too ne ku 5.02 ppm ya ozone mu mushindu wa tshimuenekelu tshia olfacteur, badi bafuimisha 0.5 too ne ku 5.00 ppm ya ozone mu tshimfuanyi. bintu bidi biangata bintu mu tshisasa tshia mu mishiku yebe mu minite 1 to ne 2. Bantu badibu bashipe badi bashala mu nzubu badi bela meji ne: mupuya wa ozone mmujimine anu padibu bapuekesha luya lua lufu.
5. Indila mêba 2 anyi 4 kunyima kua wewe mumane kujima tshiamu (ne madidishi mabulule anyi ne tshiamu tshia HVAC tshidi tshipatuka) kumpala kua kubuela kabidi anyi kulala mu nzubu. Ku luya lua mu nzubu lua pa tshibidilu (20 too ne ku 25 degrés Celsius / 68 to ne 77 degrés Fahrenheit), ozone wa mu nzubu udi ne tshitupa tshia minite 6** too ne ku 25000 mbuena kuamba ne bidi bilomba matuku 4 too ne ku 6 (mêba 2 too ne ku 4) bua tshiamu tshia 20 ppm tshinyanguke muinshi mua tshipiminu tshia 0.05 ppm, ne nansha matuku a bungi bua kumbusha bintu bidi bifumina ku formaldehyde ne ozonide bidi bipatuka padi ozone wenza mudimu ne matapi ne bintu bia mu nzubu.
6. Lama muntu yense udi mupuekesha ozone mukole munkatshi mua meba 24 too ne ku 48 bua "Delayed Non-Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema" (mashi adi awuja mifuba mêba a bungi kunyima kua yeye mumane kuikala nende). Shi muntu yonso udi ne tshiadi tshidi katshiyi tshijika, tshiadi tshikole, tshiadi tshikole, tshiadi tshikole, tshiadi tshikole anyi tshiadi tshitoke mishiku/minu, bikila muaba unudi nomba ya tshimpitshimpi (911 mu États-Unis/Canada, 112 mu UE, 999 mu UK) diakamue bua dikonkonona dia oxygène wa mu lupitadi ne corticosteroid/bronchodilator.

Mutshi wa mapangadika: Dikanga dia mudimu, dilengeja dia kapepe, ne disungula dia luondapu bua dibuela dia ozone mu nzubu¶

Ingidija mutshi wa mapangadika a mudimu ewu paudi upeta tshiamu tshia ozone tshidi tshienza mudimu anyi tshijika matuku mashale aa munda mua nzubu, mu nzubu wa tshilala benyi, muaba wa mudimu anyi mu mashinyi.

flowchart TD
    Start["Tshiamu tshia ozone tshipeta tshienza mudimu mu nzubu anyi mupuya mukole wa tshiamu/tshia tshiamu tshia nzembu + tshiosha tshia mu nshingu anyi tshia ku mêsu"] --> Evacuate["MUSHINDU 1 (WA LUMUE): Pingana diakamue bua kupeta kapepe kimpe ka pambelu ne kanga tshiibi tshia nzubu; kumbusha bana, bantu bakulumpe, ne nyama ya mu nzubu (nangananga nyunyi/mpushi)"]

    Evacuate --> MedCheck{"2. Muntu udi ne disama dia tshiadi, dipuekesha dia luya, dikokola dia kashidi, anyi dipanga dia mupuya anyi?"}

    MedCheck -->|"EYOWA: Disama dia mupuya"| Call911["Bikila 911 / 112 / 999 Diakamue: Somba mubedi mululame (muaba wa High Fowler), umupeshe tshiamu tshia albuterol tshia kumusungila natshi bikalaye ne disama dia mputa, udimuija baminganga bua 'Dipuekesha dia Ozone (O3) dia bungi'"]

    MedCheck -->|"NO: Disama dia mu mishiku/mu mishiku anyi dipanga dia tshintu"| StopMachine{"3. Udiku mua kujima nzembu mu nzubu ku tshiamu tshia pambelu anyi?"}

    StopMachine -->|"EYOWA: Tshiamu tshia kukosolola natshi tshidi mua kufika mu tshiibi/mu nzubu wa mashinyi/pambelu"| FlipBreaker["Kujima tshiamu tshia mu nzubu -> Bindile minite 60 too ne ku 90 bua tshitupa tshia matuku a O3 a mu nzubu kunyanguka KUMPALA kua kubuela bua kukangula madidishi"]

    StopMachine -->|"NO: Nzubu wa tshilala benyi anyi kakuyi tshiamu tshia kubuela"| BreathHold["10-SECOND BREATH-HOLD ENTRY: Inhale deep fresh air outside -> Rehold breath -> Sprint, yank plug from wall, latch 1 window -> Sprint out BEFORE inhale"]

    FlipBreaker --> PurgeWait["MUSHINDU 4 (KUSUIKA KUA KUENZA): Enza kapepe ka pambelu munkatshi mua mêba 2 anyi 4 too ne padi mupuya wa tshiamu ne wa aldehyde mutoke/mubi ujika 100%"]
    BreathHold --> PurgeWait

    PurgeWait --> PostCheck["MUSHINDU 5: Kupula lupuishi lua aside nitrique ku bintu bia nzembu/tshiamu; Tangila bantu badi bapeta disama edi munkatshi mua mêba 24 bua disama dia mu mikolo didi dienda dikola"]

Bipimu bia dimanyisha ne toxicologie wa mu lupitadi: Mushindu kayi udi ozone unyanga mifuba ya mu mikolo¶

Bua tshinyi ozone (\(O_3\)) udi ne mushinga padiye musombe mutantshi wa kilometre 25 (15 miles) pa mutu pa buloba mu tshibuashibuashi, kadi wenza mudimu bu tshingoma tshikole tshia tshimfuanyi panshi mu nzubu webe wa tshilala benyi? Bualu bua atome muisatu wa oxygène mu molecule wa \(O_3\) udi mulamakaja bitekete ne udi ukeba kupatula electrons ku membrane yonso wa selile udiye ulenga (peroxydation lipide à radicals libres).

Bishilangane na luya ludi lunyanguka mu mayi bu mudi ammoniaque (\(NH_3\)) anyi aside wa chlorhydrique (\(HCl\)), ludi lunyanguka diakamue mu mutoyi wa mu mishiku webe ne wa ku nshingu webe (udi ukupesha didimuija dia lukasa dia tshikisu eku ulama mifuba yebe ya munda), ozone udi ne dinyanguka dia mu mayi dikese menemene. Paudi upuekesha ozone, 75 too ne ku 85 pa lukama ya luya ludi lupita mu mishiku yebe ne mu njila ya luya lua kuulu ne lubuela buludiludi mu mifuba ya luya idi muinshi menemene ya mu mikolo yebe (mu bronchioles ne mu alveoli).

Mateyi asatu masokoka a mashinyi a ozone a mu nzubu¶

Bamfumu ba nzubu, badi bafutshila nzubu, ne benyi ba mu otele batu bapeta buanga bua ozone bua malu asatu adi ashima a mubidi ne a mitu:

1. Buteyi 1: Disama dia lukasa dia mijilu ya mupuya ("Dipanga dia mupuya")¶

Wewe mubulule tshiibi tshia nzubu mudi tshiamu tshia ozone tshienza mudimu ku 15 ppm, mupuya webe wa kumpala udi ukuma mu mishiku yebe ne mupuya wa bleach ne wa mupenyi udi kauyi mua kuela mpata. Ino, shi ubatwele munda mwa njibo mu sekonde 60 to ne ku 120 mwanda wa kukeba tshiamu nansha kukangula rido, molecule ya ozone idi inyanga mu mushindu wa tshimpitshimpi neurons sensoriels olfactifs mu tshitupa tshia mu mishiku yebe. - Diakamue, kuena mua kununkila kabidi ozone to. - Bantu badi kabayi bamanye malu badi bela meji ne: "Oh mbimpe, mupuya mmujike lukasa, mbimpe kushala muaba eu." Mu bulelela, nzubu udi anu ne 15 ppm ya ozone idi mua kushipa bantu, ne mupuya wonso udi uosha tshitupa tshia alveolar-capillary mu mikolo yabu ya kuinshi.

2. Buteyi 2: "Delayed Pulmonary Edema" Latency Window (2 to 24 Hours after Exposition)¶

Bu mudi ozone kayi ne bukole bua bungi mu mayi ne udi unyanga Type I alveolar epithelial cells idi muinshi mua mifuba pamutu pa kuosha tshitupa tshia ku mutu tshia nshingu bu mudi chlore, muntu udi mupuya mupuya wa ozone wa bungi munkatshi mua minite 10 anyi 20 padiye usukula anyi upatula bintu udi mua kupatuka mu nzubu anu ne mashika ne tshiadi. - Mu mêba 2 too ne ku 18 adi alonda (misangu ya bungi padi muntu udibu bashipe mulale pa bulalu butuku abu), mubidi udi wenza mudimu mukole wa disama dia selile ya alveole idi mifue. - Bitupa bikola bidi pankatshi pa mishipa ya mashi ya mu mikolo bidi binyanguka, ne plasma wa mashi udi upatuka mu mishipa eyi buludiludi mu mifuba ya kapepe ya mu mikolo (non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema). - Muntu udi ujuka pa dîba 2:00 wa dinda ukeba kapepe, kayi mua kulala panshi (orthopnea), ukokola mâyi adi ne butoke, ne bungi bua oxygène mu mashi (\(SpO_2\)) budi bupueka muinshi mua 88 pa lukama, bidi bikengela kuenza mudimu ne oxygène mu lupitadi lua lukasa (CPAP/BiPAP) ne oxygène.

3. Buteyi 3: Dibuela dia panshi mu bujitu kupita lupepele ne lufu lua nyama¶

Tangila bujitu bua molecule wa ozone pa kubufuanyikija ne kapepe ka mu nzubu: - Kapepe kaume ka pa tshibidilu (78% \(N_2\), 21% \(O_2\)) kadi ne bujitu bua 28.97 g/mol. - Ozone (\(O_3\)) udi ne bujitu bua 48.00 g/mol, udi wenza bua ozone 1.66 misangu ya bujitu kupita lupepele. - Padi tshipepele tshikole tshisambakaja ozone mu nzubu mujima padi tshiamu tshienza mudimu, dîba didi tshipepele tshiimana, ozone udi mubuele mu 60 centimètres (2 feet) wa panshi, udisangisha mu nzubu ya muinshi mua buloba, mu bibandilu ne mu malalu a nyama. - Dishipangana dikole dia nyunyi, mpushi, ne mbwa: Biamu bia mupuya bia nyunyi (nyunyi, nkutshi, nkutshi, kanari) bidi bienza mudimu ne mifuku ya kapepe idi ne bintu bikese bidi bishintulula kapepe bidi bikuata bintu bidi bikuata bantu misangu 3 anyi 5 kupita bungi bua bantu; nansha 0.2 too ne ku 0.5 ppm ya ozone idi ishipa nyunyi ya mu nzubu lukasa, eku mbwa ne mbua bilale panshi bipuyakana tshitupa tshia ozone tshidi tshitamba bunene tshia panshi.

Maths wa tshitupa tshia matuku a tshimuma: Bidi bilomba dîba bungi munyi bua ozone wa mu nzubu kubolaye too ne muaba udi kayi ne njiwu?¶

Bantu badi benza mashinyi a ozone a mushinga mukesa a "30,000 mg/hr" anyi "40,000 mg/hr" batu bafunda misangu yonso malu a njiwu, a dishima a sianse mu mikanda yabu ya mudimu, bamba ne: "Ilaija minite 20 anyi 30 panyima pa tshipiminu tshia dîba tshijika kumpala kua kubuela mu nzubu."

Tumonayi bulelela bua fisike wa tshitupa tshia muoyo wa ozone wa mu nzubu (\(t_{1/2}\)) tshipima kudi bena sianse ba nzubu:

1. Ntshinyi tshidi tshitupa tshia muoyo wa ozone mu nzubu?
2. Mu nzubu mutupu udi ne luya lua pa tshibidilu (20 too ne ku 24 degre Celsius / 68 too ne 75 degre Fahrenheit), luya lukese anyi lua pa tshibidilu, ne madidishi makanga, tshitupa tshia muoyo wa ozone (tshikondo tshidi tshikengela bua 50 pa lukama ya molecule ya \(O_3\) kubolayi kabidi pa mutu pa buloba kupitshila ku dikuluka dia \(O_3\) ne dikuluka dikuabu mandamuna) i minite 30 too ne ku 60.
3. (Mu nzubu wa mashika, mu nzubu wa muinshi mua buloba, anyi mu nzubu wa mashinyi wa mu muvu wa mashika mu 5 too ne ku 10 degre Celsius / 40 too ne ku 50 degre Fahrenheit, ozone udi ubola bitekete bitekete, ne udi ulengeja tshitupa tshia muoyo wende too ne ku 90 too ne ku 120+ minite.)
4. Bua tshinyi kuindila minite 30 kudi kukulekela upuya misangu 100 kupita tshipiminu tshia bukubi:
5. Fuanyikijabi ne: tshiamu tshia ozone tshia mushinga tshidi tshienza mudimu mêba 2 mu nzubu wa bulalu mukanga ne tshidi tshienza mudimu mu nzubu wa 16,0 ppm (tshipiminu tshia diondopangana dia tshipupu).
6. Udi musue bua bungi bua bintu bupuekele kuinshi kua tshipiminu tshia 0.05 ppm kumpala kua wewe kubuela ne kulala.
7. Tulondayi dibola dia bintu ku diambuluisha dia minite 40 ya tshitupa tshia muoyo mu nzubu ne madidishi makanga:
   • 0 minutes after offoff: 16.00 ppm (320x safe limit - Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health)
   • 40 minutes (1 half-life): 8.00 ppm (160x safe limit - still above IDLH)
   • 80 minutes (2 half-lives): 4.00 ppm (80x safe limit - severe lung damage)
   • 120 minutes (3 half-lives - 2 hours): 2.00 ppm (40x safe limit - acute coughing/chest pain)
   • 160 minutes (4 half-lives): 1.00 ppm (20x safe limit)
   • 200 minutes (5 half-lives): 0.50 ppm (10x safe limit)
   • 240 minutes (6 half-lives - 4 hours): 0.25 ppm (5x safe limit)
   • 320 minutes (8 half-lives - 5.3 hours): 0.06 ppm (Aproaching safe limit, excluding secondary aldehydes)
8. Mushindu kayi udi luya, luya, ne luya lukole bidi bienza bua disukula dia lukasa:
9. Dibueja dia kapepe (Lubilu lua bungi): Kukangula madidishi abidi ku nseke mishilangane ya nzubu ne tshiamu tshia nzembu tshidi tshipuekesha pambelu kudi kupingaja bungi bua kapepe ka mu nzubu mujima kunyima kua minite 3 anyi 5, kupuekesha \(O_3\) ne formaldehyde muibidi ku tshipiminu tshia pambelu mu minite 30 anyi 60.
10. Luya ne luya: Shi madidishi kaena mua kunzulula diakamue, kubandisha luya lua mu nzubu too ne ku 28 too ne ku 32 degre Celsius (82 to ne 90 degre Fahrenheit) kudi kukepesha tshitupa tshia muoyo wa luya lua ozone mu bitupa bibidi (too ne ku minite 15 to ne 20).

Njiwu mikuabu ya tshimuma: Dinyanguka dia ozonolyse wa pa mutu, aside nitrique, ne dinyanguka dia tshiamu tshia caoutchouc¶

Padi muntu wenza mudimu ne tshiamu tshia ozone tshidi tshipatuka mu nzubu kayi ne tshiamu tshia oxygène (tshidi tshiumvuija ne: tshiamu etshi tshidi anu tshienza mudimu ne luya lua mu nzubu ludi ne 78 pa lukama lua azote (\(N_2\)), 21 pa lukama lua oxygène (\(O_2\)), ne luya lua mâyi (\(H_2O\))), malu asatu adi anyanga bintu adi mua kuenzeka mu nzubu webe anyi mu nzubu webe:

1. Nitric Oxide (\(NO_x\)) ne Corrosive Nitric Acid (\(HNO_3\)) Fallout¶

Tshiamu tshia mushinga mukesa tshia corona-discharge katshiena anu tshitapulula oxygène to; tshiamu tshia nzembu tshidi ne bukole bua bungi tshidi kabidi tshitapulula azote wa mu lupepele (\(N_2\)), tshipatula dioxide wa azote (\(NO_2\), gaz wa mvinyo udi unyanga mifuba) ne pentoxide wa dinitrogen (\(N_2O_5\)). - Padi \(N_2O_5\) upetangana ne luya lua mu nzubu anyi pa bintu bidi ne luya, udi wenza tutonyi tukese tua acide nitrique (\(HNO_3\)) tudi tusomba bu tshintu tshidi katshiyi tshimueneka, tshibi, tshitoke tshidi tshilamakaja anyi tshia jaune pa bikunyibua bia ku biibi bia tshiamu, pa mesa a mabue a granite, pa biamu bia ordinatere, pa biamu bia televizion, pa biamu bia mukuba bia HVAC, pa biamu bia tshiamu tshia mitaku ne dienza dia bintu bia chrome.

2. Surface Ozonolysis -> Formaldehyde, Acetaldehyde, and Formic Acid¶

Ukadiku mumone ne: nzubu anyi mashinyi a kale adibu balengeje ne tshiamu tshia ozone adi ne mupuya mubi udi kauyi ujika wa "karton mutoke / mupuya muimpe / lupitadi lua manga" matuku anyi mbingu pashishe anyi? - Luvumba elu ludi lushala ki ozone to; i aldehydes (formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, nonanal, ne decanal) ne organic acids. - Padi ozone uluisha malanda abidi a carbone ne carbone (\(C=C\)) mu tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku (styrene-butadiene latex), bipese bia tshiamu tshia polyurethane, linoleum, terpenes ya mitshi ya ku tshilelelu, ne mafuta a squalene a dikoba dia muntu adibu bele mu matela anyi mu tshiamu tshia mashinyi, udi ukosolola molecule ayi mu algade udi utungunuka ne kuenza mudimu mu nzubu matuku a bungi. - Mushindu wa kumbusha "mupuya wa aldehyde wa panyima pa ozone": Bu mudi aldehydes ne bishadile bia aside nitrique bidi mua kunyanguka mu mayi ne bidi ne aside mukese, kukupula bintu bionso bikole, biamu bia mashinyi bia vinyl, nkuasa ya tshiseba, ne bimanu ne tshintu tshia kapia tshia 1 tablespoon (15 grams) wa sodium sodium (11) litre (1 quart) wa mayi, ne uteka malonga a makala a nkunde mu nzubu (carbon activé udi unyanga \(O_3\) ne aldehydes volatile).

.¶

Nansha diondopangana dimue dia meba 2 dia tshipupu tshia ozone didi dinyanguka kashidi tshiamu tshia ku tshilelelu, nitrile, neoprene, ne latex (tshintu tshimanyike bimpe tshia dinyanguka dia midimu tshidibu babikila ne: ozonolysis elastomers cracking). - Kushiya tshiamu tshia ozone tshienza mudimu mu nzubu wa bulalu anyi mu mashinyi kudi mua kuenza bua mikaba ya tshiamu tshia mitaku mu bilamba, tshiibi tshia frigo/tshiibi tshia mashinyi tshia tshiamu tshia caoutchouc tshidi katshiyi tshinyanguka kudi mvula, biamu bia CPAP bia tshiamu tshia CPAP ne biamu bia tshiamu tshia mitaku, tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia nzembu tshidi tshinyunguluka, ne tshiamu tshia nzembu tshia kale tshia tshiamu tshia nzembu tshilue tshinyanguke, tshilamakaja anyi tshipanduluke paditshi tshiunzuluka.

Mukenji wa tshitupa ku tshitupa: Mushindu kayi wa kukanga ne kusukula nzubu anyi mashinyi muwule tente ne ozone¶

Londa bulongame ebu bilondeshile ni tshiamu tshia ozone tshidi munda mua nzubu, mu nzubu wa tshilala benyi anyi wa Airbnb, anyi mu nzubu wa mashinyi:

Tshilejilu A: Munda mua nzubu anyi mu nzubu wa tshilala benyi (ne mushindu wa kufika ku tshibuelelu tshia nzembu)¶

1. KUKANGULA tshiibi tshia nzubu: Lama tshiibi tshia nzubu wa bulalu anyi nzubu wa muinshi mua buloba muenza ne ozone tshikanga bikole.
2. Nda ku kazubu kanene ka tshiamu tshia nzembu: Kudimuna tshiamu tshia nzembu tshidibu bafunde bua nzubu au ku OFF (anyi ujime tshiamu tshinene tshia 100A/200A mu tusunsa 60 pikala tshiamu katshiyi ne tshimanyinu, kadi umanye ne: biamu bia mudimu bia tshiamu tshia ozone bia mushinga mukese nebitungunuke ne kuenza mudimu bikala bukole bupingane kumpala kua tshiamu tshia mashinyi kufika ku zero - nunku shiya tshiamu tshia nzembu OFF).
3. Indila minite 60 too ne ku 90 kumpala kua kunzulula tshiibi: Lekela ozone mubuikila apita mu tshitupa tshia luya lua pa tshibidilu 2 anyi 3 munda mua nzubu mukanga padi muntu nansha umue kayi mupatuke.
4. Enza mudimu wa 15-Second Breath-Hold Window Opening: Panyima pa minite 90, ela luya lukole mu tshisasa, ikala ne mupuya, ubuele mu nzubu, umbusha tshiamu tshia mashinyi ku tshimanu, ela madidishi abidi manene, teka tshiamu tshia ventilateur mu dididishi dimue dileja PAmbelu, pingana mu tshiibi, ne ukanga tshiibi.
5. Ela kapepe bua mêba makuabu 2 anyi 3: Lama tshiamu tshia kupatula natshi kapepe tshienda too ne padi mupuya wonso wa tshiamu anyi wa aldehyde mutoke/mubi ujika, pashishe ukupula mesa, bikunyibua bia biibi ne bintu bikole ne tshilamba tshia bicarbonate de soude tshitoke.

Tshilejilu B: Munda mua nzubu wa tshilala benyi anyi mu nzubu wa tshitupa tshîpi (muaba uvua mudimu wa dilama nzubu mushiye tshiamu tshienza mudimu anyi mujikije)¶

Imue misangu bena mudimu ba mu nzubu wa tshilala benyi anyi muena nzubu wa Airbnb utu wenza mudimu ne tshiamu tshia ozone tshia 20 000 mg/hr bua kusokoka muishi wa makanya anyi mupuya wa nyama kudi muenyi wa kumpala ne utshipatula anu minite 10 kumpala kua wewe kubuela mu nzubu pa dîba 15:00: 1. Kubenga bua kupatula bintu anyi kushala mu nzubu: Wewe mukangule tshiibi tshia nzubu wa tshilala benyi anyi wa nzubu wa dikisha ne umvua mupuya mukole wa ozone udi kauyi mua kuela mpata, wa tshiamu, udi utapa nshingu (anyi upeta tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshitshidi tshisombe pa mesa), pingana diakamue mu tshisasa ne bena mu dîku diebe ne nyama yebe ya mu nzubu. 2. Lomba bua kushintulula nzubu diakamue (ki "30-Minute Air Out" to): Bena mudimu ba mu hotele batu misangu mivule bafila bua kutuma muena nzubu bua kunzulula dididishi anyi kuela tshintu tshia kulengeja natshi kapepe munkatshi mua minite 20. Benga ne kanemu konso ne ulombe bua kuya diakamue mu nzubu mukuabu udi pa tshisasa tshikuabu, bualu madidishi a otele atu misangu ya bungi makanga bua kuepuka dikuluka ne matela/tapi neapatule gaz wa formaldehyde butuku bujima. 3. Bikalabi ne Airbnb / Nzubu wa dikisha udi kayi ne tshintu tshikuabu: Umbusha mashinyi mu 10-sekonde ya kuimanyika mupuya, kangula tshiibi tshionso tshia pambelu ne dididishi dionso dia nzubu, uteke ventilateur wa thermostat wa HVAC ku ON (anu pikalaye kayi wenza mudimu pamue ne nzubu mikuabu idi bantu basombele), ne umbuka mu nzubu au munkatshi mua mêba 3 anyi 4 (enda mu restoran anyi mu parc) kumpala kua kupingana.

Tshilejilu C: Munda mua mashinyi a kale, mashinyi a Rideshare, anyi Kazubu ka mashinyi ka malu a bungi¶

Basumbishi ba mashinyi a kale ne basumbishi ba bintu bia kuendesha batu misangu ya bungi bateka tshiamu tshia ozone tshia 10 000 mg/hr pa tshibandilu tshia mashinyi munkatshi mua mêba 1 anyi 2 ne madidishi mabulula ne A/C muteka pa Recirculate bua kumbusha mupuya wa makanya anyi wa tshisuku. Bualu nzubu wa mashinyi udi ne bunene bua munda mua 2.5 too ne ku 3.5 metre kubike (90 too ne ku 120 metre kubike) - pabuipi ne misangu 15 mikese kupita nzubu wa bulalu - bungi bua ozone munda mua mashinyi budi bufika ku 50 too ne ku 200+ ppm, buwuja nkuasa ya foam ne milonda ya tshiamu tshia mashinyi: 1. Imana ku lupepele ne kangula biibi bionso binayi bia mashinyi pamue ne tshiibi tshia mashinyi/tshiibi tshia panyima: Kusomba nansha kakese mu nkuasa wa muendeshi bua kutuadija mashinyi padi nzubu muwule tente ne ozone to. 2. Koka tshingoma tshia ku tshiibi tshia pambelu tshia kumpala: Koka tshingoma tshia nzembu ku tshimanu tshia nzubu wa mashinyi kumpala kua kupatula tshiamu mu mashinyi. 3. Lekela mashinyi apatuke ne biibi bionso binayi biunzulula pambelu munkatshi mua minite 60: Padi gaz wa bungi ujika, ubuele (kuyi musombe munda), utuadije mashinyi, upuekeshe madidishi onso panshi, ushintulule tshiamu tshia A/C pa Kapepe ka pambelu (kudimune Recirculate OFF), teka ventilateur pa HIGH, ne lekela mashinyi apita pambelu muaba wa bukubi munkatshi mua minite 30 bua kumbusha ozone ne aside nitrique mu tshitupa tshia tshiamu tshia mashinyi ne mu milonda ya luya. 4. Kusukula tshiamu tshia mashinyi, mikaba ya mashinyi, ne tshiamu tshia mashinyi: Ozone udi wenza mudimu bikole ne mafuta a ku bianza a bantu (squalene) pa tshiamu tshia mashinyi ne pa tshiamu tshia mashinyi, ushiya tshintu tshia ozonide tshidi tshilamakaja, tshidi tshifila tshiji tshidi tshikebesha disama dia tshiadi pa bianza biebe anu wewe kuyi musukula ne nsabanga ne mâyi makese.

Nomba ya tshimpitshimpi ya mu tshijengu ne mikenji ya bibambalu¶

Shi muntu udi umvua disama dia tshiadi, disama dia mu tshiadi, disama dia tshiadi, anyi dipanga dia mupuya kunyima kua yeye mumane kubuela mu nzubu udibu balengeje ne ozone, keba diakamue mibelu ya munganga anyi ya diluisha buanga:

• États-Unis ne Canada:
• Dituma dia malu a luondapu dia lukasa: Bikila 911.
• Poison Control Hotline (24/7 Free Clinical Toxicology Triage): Bikila 1-800-222-1222 mu États-Unis anyi 1-844-POISON-X (1-844-764-7669) mu Canada. Bamanyi ba malu a buanga badi mua kubala bungi bua ppm bilondeshile bungi bua mg/hr wa tshiamu ne bunene bua nzubu ne kufila mibelu bikalabi bikengela kutangila mu tshibambalu tshia malu a mpukapuka bua disama dia mu mikolo didi dienda dijika.
• Malu adibu bakandika ne mikalu: California Air Resources Board (CARB) udi ukandika bikole dipana dia tshiamu tshionso tshia kusukula natshi kapepe tshia mu nzubu anyi tshiamu tshia ozone tshia mu Californie tshidi tshipatula ozone mipite pa 0.050 ppm, ne U.S. EPA udi wamba mu luapolo luende lua mushinga mukole Ozone Generators that are Sold as Air Cleaners ne: ozone kena ne bukole bua kumbusha bikunyibua, bipupu anyi monoxide de carbone mu bungi budi kabuyi ne njiwu kudi bantu to.
• Bukalenge bua ditunga:
• Dituma dia lukasa dia luondapu: Bikila 999 (anyi bikila NHS 111 bua dikonkonona dia malu a mupuya adi kaayi mua kunyanga muoyo).
• Muaba wa mudimu ne wa bamfumu ba nzubu: Mulombodi wa malu a bukola bua mubidi ne bukubi wa mu UK (HSE EH40) udi uteka mikalu mikole ya muaba wa mudimu (WEL) bua ozone wa 0.20 ppm (15-minute short-term reference period).
• Buobumue bua matunga a ku Mputu:
• Dituma dia lukasa: Bikila 112 mu matunga onso adi mu UE. Muinshi mua mikenji ya EU idi itangila bintu bidi bishipa bintu bidi ne muoyo (BPR), mashinyi adi apatula ozone adi alomba bua kuikala ne tshimanyinu tshikole tshia mudimu ne tshijadiki tshia dienza dia kapepe panyima pa dienza dia mudimu tshidi muinshi mua 0.06 too ne ku 0.10 ppm.
• Australie ne Nouvelle-Zélande:
• Dituma dia lukasa: Bikila 000 mu Australie anyi 111 mu Nouvelle-Zélande.
• Muaba wa dimanyisha dia bintu bidi ne buanga: Bikila ku 13 11 26 (Australie) anyi 0800 764 766 (New Zealand). Mudimu wa bukubi mu Australie udi ufila tshipiminu tshia tshipiminu tshia ozone tshia 0.10 ppm (0.20 mg/m3) tshidi katshiyi ne tshia kupita nansha kakese.
• India ne Asia-Pacifique:
• Dituma dia lukasa: Bikila 112 mu Inde; 119 mu Japon ne mu Corée du Sud; 995 mu Singapour.

Kulonga diambuluisha dia kumpala ne dia CPR kudi Croix-Rouge, St John Ambulance, anyi kudi munganga udi muanyishibue kudi kukulongolola bua kuondopa bimpe mputa ya mupuya ne ya mupuya.

Nkonko itubu bela misangu ya bungi¶

Bua tshinyi mupuya mukole wa bleach/electricité wakajimina kunyima kua meme mumane kuimana mu nzubu munkatshi mua minite ibidi?¶

Gaz wa ozone udi mu bungi bupite pa 0.5 too ne ku 1.0 pa miliyo udi unyangakaja lukasa mijilu ya mupuya idi mu tshitupa tshia kuulu tshia mu mishiku, tshipeta tshibi tshia mu mitu tshidibu babikila ne: ditshioka dia mupuya anyi dipanga dia mupuya. Paudi ulekela kununkila ozone kunyima kua minite umo anyi ibidi munda mua nzubu, luya lubi kaluena lujimine to; kadi, lungenyi lueba lua kununkisha ludi lupangile bua tshitupa tshîpi eku mifuba yebe ya munda itungunuka ne kuela mupuya wa oxygène wa triatome udi ne njiwu. Upatuke mu kapepe kimpe diakamue.

Mukanda wa mikenji udi pa tshiamu tshianyi tshia ozone udiku bulelela padiye wamba ne: mbimpe kubuela kabidi mu nzubu minite 30 panyima pa tshiamu tshimane kuimana anyi?¶

Tòo, meyi a "kuindila minite 30" adibu bafunde pa mashinyi a bungi a ozone adi kaayi malelela to. Pa luya lua pa tshibidilu lua mu nzubu ne madidishi makanga, ozone wa mu nzubu udi ne tshitupa tshia muoyo tshia minite 30 too ne ku 60, mbuena kuamba ne: minite yonso 30 anyi 60, bungi bua ozone budi bupueka anu ku tshitupa. Bu mudi 10,000 to ne 30,000 mg/hr shock treatment udi uwuja nzubu wa bulalu ne 10 to ne 30 ppm ya ozone (misangu 200 to ne 600 ya 0.05 ppm), udi ulomba tshitupa tshia matuku 6 to ne 8 (mêba 3 to ne 4) anyi minite 60 ya diunzulula dia dididishi dikole bua kuenza mudimu ne kapepe mu nzubu bua kuikala mu bukubi bua kusomba.

"Delayed pulmonary edema" ntshinyi, ne bua tshinyi ndi ne tshia kutangila bimanyinu mêba a bungi kunyima kua meme mumane kupuya ozone?¶

Bu mudi luya lua ozone kaluyi lunyanguka bipepele mu mutoyi wa mu mishiku ne mu nshingu webe, too ne ku 85 pa lukama ya ozone udibu bapuekesha udi uya too ne mu mifuku ya kapepe mikese (alveoli) idi kuinshi kua mikolo yebe, muaba udiyi yosha selile mikese menemene idi itapulula kapepe ne mashi ebe. Nansha muudi mua kumvua anu tshifu tshiume tshia patupu paudi upatuka mu nzubu, mu mêba 2 anyi 24 adi alonda, bimanu bia kapila bidi binyanguke bidi mua kutuadija kupatula plasma wa mashi mu mifuku yebe ya kapepe (non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema), ne kukufikisha ku dipanga dia mupuya, dipuekesha dia mupuya ne dipanga dia oxygène mu mashi paudi ukeba kulala butuku abu.

Bua tshinyi nzubu wanyi anyi mashinyi anyi adi anu anunka bu bintu bia tshimpitshimpi anyi karton mutoke matuku makese kunyima kua dienza dia ozone?¶

Nansha mudi luya luonso lua ozone ($O_3$) lupingana mu oxygène wa pa tshibidilu mu mêba makese, pavua ozone wenza mudimu uvua wenza mudimu ne bintu bibidi bia karbone mu tshilamba tshiebe tshia kulala, mu bipese bia mupuya, mu peinture, mu tshiseba, ne mu bintu bia kusukula nabi (tshienzedi tshidibu babikila ne: ozonolyse). Dienzeja edi didi dienza bintu bidi binyanguka bia matuku a bungi bu mudi: formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acide formique, ne decanal, bidi bibuela mu bilamba bidi ne tusoso ne bipatula bitekete bitekete mupuya mubi, mutoke anyi bu wa karton munkatshi mua matuku a bungi. Ikala upuekesha kapepe misangu yonso, ukupula bintu bikole ne bicarbonate de soude ne mâyi, ne wenze mudimu ne mifuku ya makala bua kunua aldehydes idi mishale.

Kuvuala tshilamba tshia kujika natshi lupuishi tshia N95 nekukuba mifuba yanyi meme mubuele mu nzubu bua kujima tshiamu tshia ozone anyi?¶

Tòo, N95, KN95, anyi tshilamba tshia kujika natshi bantu tshidi anu tshikuata lupuishi lukole ne tutotshi tua mâyi; ozone i gaz mukezuke udi upitshila 100 pa lukama buludiludi mu tshilamba tshia N95 bienze anu bu ne: kuena muvuale tshintu nansha tshimue. Pa kumbusha wewe muikale ne tshiamu tshia kuela natshi luya tshia pa buatshi tshidi ne tshiamu tshia organic Vapor/Acid Gas tshidibu bitabe kudi NIOSH tshidi ne tshiamu tshia ozone, mushindu umuepele muimpe wa kupatula tshiamu tshidi tshienza mudimu kakuyi tshiamu tshia pambelu ntshia kuela mupuya muimpe pambelu, kulama mupuya webe mujima, mu tshitupa tshîpi tshia sekonde 10 ne kupingana lubilu pambelu kumpala kua kuela mupuya.

Tshiamu tshia ozone tshidi mua kushipa tuishi tua nkunde, tuishi tua mu bulalu anyi tuishi tua mu nzubu muanyi anyi?¶

Bilondeshile mateta adibu benze kudi tshibambalu tshia dikuba dia buloba tshia mu États-Unis (EPA), kushipa tuishi tua nkunde, bactérie anyi bikunyibua ne ozone udi ne kapepe kudi kulomba bungi bua bungi (10 too ne ku 100+ ppm) budibu balame munkatshi mua mêba a bungi, bungi budi mua kunyangakaja tshiamu tshia nshinga, kunyangakaja bintu bia ku nzembu, kuwuja nzubu ne formadehyde, ne kudi kushipa bantu ne nyama. Bipupu bia nkunde bifue bidi anu bijula ​​disama dia allergie ne dia asthme padibu babipuekesha, bidi biumvuija ne: ozone kena mua kupingana pa muaba wa diumusha dia nkunde to.

Malu adi apetangana¶

• Disukula disambakaja ne amoniak anyi vinaigre: dilengeja dia gaz wa chlore ne wa chloramine
• Epoxy resin exothermic runaway, polyurethane foam fumes, and VOC purge
• Bikunyibua kunyima kua dinyanguka dia mayi: dilongolola dimpe kadiyi ne bleach ne PPE
• Diambuluisha dia kumpala dia monoxide de carbone ne muishi
• Mukanda wa nomba ya tshimpitshimpi

Miaba ne buludiki bua mbulamatadi¶

• U.S. Tshibambalu tshia dikuba dia buloba (EPA): Biamu bia ozone bidibu bapana bu bintu bia kusukula nabi kapepe: Dikonkonona dia mudimu ne bipeta biabi bia makanda a mubidi.
• National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) & OSHA: NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards: Ozone (CAS 10028-15-6, IDLH = 5.0 ppm, Ceiling = 0.10 ppm).
• California Air Resources Board (CARB): Hazardous ozone-Generating Air Purifiers and Mandatory 0.050 ppm Indoor Emission Standard.
• Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL): Indoor Ozone Chemistry: Surface Ozonolysis of Terpenes and Squalene Producing Formaldehyde.
• Mulombodi wa malu a bukola bua mubidi ne bukubi (HSE - Royaume-Uni): EH40/2005 Mikenji ya mudimu ne mukanda wa buludiki EH38: Njiwu ya bukola bua mubidi ya ozone.