Snowblower Auger Entrapment ne Chute Clearing Hand Injuries¶

Tshipepele tshikole tshionso tshia mu muvu wa mashika tshidi tshilua ne tshipupu tshikole tshia mputa ya bianza ne dikosa dia minu mu nzubu ya lupitadi ya malu a mpukapuka mu Amerike wa ku Nord, ku Mputu ne ku Nord kua Asie. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) ne mikanda ya dipanda dia mifuba idi ileja ne: biamu bia kuela nabi neje (biamu bia kuela nabi neje) ke tshintu tshia kumpala tshidi tshikebesha dikosa dia minu mu tshikondo tshia mashika, tshidi tshitapa binunu ne binunu bia bena mudimu mu tshikondo tshia neje mikole ne ya mashika. Bia dikema, nkonko ya mu lupitadi ne babedi badi batapike idi ileja ne: Malu a bungi adi mputa ku bianza bia tshiamu tshia mashika kaatu enzeka padi muena mudimu mukuate tshiamu tshia mashinyi panshi to: kadi, adi enzeka panyima pa tshiamu tshimane kukanga ne kuimana, anyi mene panyima pa muena mudimu mumane kukanga motere wa esanse, ne pashishe muele tshianza tshiende panshi bua kupatula mafuta slush.

Tshilumbu tshisokoka ntshia bukole bua dinyunguluka budibu balame munda mua mikaba ya diendesha dia tshiamu tshia mashika, kazubu ka mashinyi, ne ventilateur wa tshiamu tshia mitaku. Padi neje mikole (mipite pa 2 degrés Celsius / 28 degrés Fahrenheit) mikale mikole pankatshi pa biamu bia lubilu lua bungi bia tshiamu tshia mashinyi ne tshimanu tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku, idi ikanga tshiamu tshia mashinyi muinshi mua bukole bua bungi, ikolesha tshilamba tshia tshiamu tshia V-belt tshikole bu tshiamu tshia crossbow. Nansha wewe mujimije tshiamu tshia kutemesha natshi kapia, mukaba udi muolola ne tshiamu tshia mashinyi tshidi tshikanga bidi bishala bikanga mu tshikondo tshia bukole. Mu tshitupa tshia milisekonde tshidi minu yebe ipatula tshiamu tshia neje tshidi tshikuate tshiamu tshia mitaku panyima, tshiamu tshia impeller tshidi tshienda tshinyunguluka tshitupa tshinayi ne bukole bua guillotine, tshitshibula, tshitshibula anyi tshikosa minu ya tshianza tshia kumpala, ya pankatshi ne ya tshianza munda mua tshina tshikese. Kumanya mua kupatuisha tshianza tshikuate munda mua tshiamu tshia kuela natshi neje kuyi unyungulula tshingoma mu mushindu mubi, mua kulama minu mikosa mu tshikondo tshia mashika kuyi uyikuata ne mashika, ne mua kumbusha tshina tshidi tshikanga bimpe kudi kusungila bianza.

Enza nunku mpindieu¶

1. Kima motere wa tshiamu tshia mashika, umbusha tshifungu tshia plastike tshia bukubi, ne umbusha tshiamu tshia buji tshia tshiamu tshia caoutchouc ku buji (anyi umbusha tshiamu tshia lithium-ion) kumpala kua wewe kusemena pabuipi ne tshiamu. Kokulenga tshiamu tshia dipatuila natshi bintu anyi tshiamu tshia kumpala tshia tshiamu tshia nzembu too ne padibu bamona ne: motere kayi mua kutemesha tshiamu tshia nzembu to.
2. Bikala tshianza tshia muntu anyi minu yende mikanga munda mua tshiamu tshia kuela natshi neje anyi auger, KUKOKI tshianza atshi ne bukole ku tshiamu tshia mitaku to. Kukoka tshianza tshikuate kunyima kudi kutshibula mijilu, mijilu ya tshiamu tshia mitaku ne mishipa ya mashi ku muelelu wa tshiamu tshia mitaku tshidi ne buôwa. Pamutu pa nanku, umbusha tshiamu tshia nzembu ne wenze mudimu ne mutshi, tshiamu tshia kuela nabi kapia, anyi tshiamu tshia kukanga natshi bua ku kunyungulula bitekete bitekete tshiamu tshia nzembu anyi tshiamu tshia nzembu mu njila wa KUNYIMA anu ku santimetre mikese bua kulekela dikuma dia minu.
3. Kukanda mashi diakamue ne dikuma dikole anyi tshiamu tshia tourniquet ne umbusha mubedi mu nzubu bua kupatula mashika adi kaayi makole. Fina tshibuta tshinene tshia gaze anyi tshilamba tshiume tshikezuke bikole pa tshianza anyi pa minu idi ipatuka mashi, ubandishe tshianza pa mutu pa mutshima, ne ulue ne muntu udibu bashipe mu nzubu wa luya diakamue bua mashika makole ne kubenga kuikala ne mashika kunyangakaja disama dia tshiadi tshia mubidi; tangila dipatuka dia mashi dikole diambuluisha dia kumpala.
4. Bikila nimero ya njiwu ya muaba unudi diakamue. Ela 911 mu États-Unis ne mu Canada, 112 mu Union européenne mujima, anyi 999 mu Royaume-Uni (tangila nomba ya tshimpitshimpi). Shi tshianza tshia mubedi katshiena mua kupatuka bimpe mu masekonde 60 pa kupingaja tshiamu tshia nzembu, shiya tshianza pa muaba watshi, funda mubedi mu bilamba bia kapia, ne lekela bena mudimu badi basungila kapia babulule anyi batangalaje tshiibi tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku ne biamu bia mudimu bia hydraulique.
5. Umbusha minu yonso mikosa mu tshina tshia neje diakamue ne uyilame ku mashika. Umbusha minu yonso mikosa anyi nsongo mu neje ne mutshi anyi tshibombi (panyima pa wewe mumane kupatula buji). KULEKI munu mukosa mu neje ya pambelu anyi kuwuteka pa mabue a mashika, bualu ebu budi buenza bua tshitupa tshia mubidi tshikale tshikole ne tshienza bua se: katshiyi mua kuenzeka to. Buikila munu mu tshilamba tshitoke tshidi katshiyi ne disama, utshisuike mu tshibombi tshia plastique tshiume, ne uteke tshibombi atshi mu dikopo dia mashika a mashika ne mayi.
6. Kuena ne bua kutuadija anyi kuenza mudimu ne tshiamu tshia kuela natshi neje mu nzubu wa mashinyi mukanga, mu nzubu wa mashinyi anyi mu nzubu wa mashinyi, nansha tshiibi tshia nzubu wa mashinyi tshiunzulula. Kuenza mudimu ne tshiamu tshia kuela natshi neje mu mashika munda mua nzubu kudi kuenza bua monoxide de carbone (CO) ikale ne mupuya mubi munda mua nzubu wa mashinyi ne mu nzubu mu minite mikese menemene 3; mona disama dia monoxide de carbone.

Mushindu kayi udi tshiamu tshia mashika tshidi ne bitupa bibidi tshienza mudimu ne bua tshinyi tshiamu tshia mashika tshidi tshipingana paditshi tshijika¶

Bua kumvua bua tshinyi mputa ya tshiamu tshia neje idi mikole ne bua tshinyi bena mudimu bapiluke batshidi anu bajimija minu ku mashinyi adi majima, udi ne bua kumvua mishindu ibidi mishilangane idi inyunguluka idi munda mua tshiamu tshia neje tshia matuku etu aa.

flowchart TD
    A["Snowblower Emergency"] --> B{"Tshianza tshia muntu udibu bashipe tshitshidi tshikuate munda mua tshina tshia mâyi anyi?"}
    B -->|"Eyowa: Bikuate ku tshianza kudi Impeller anyi Auger"| C["1. Jima motere ne ukoka tshiamu tshia buji / umbusha bateri diakamue<br/>2. KUKOKI tshianza panyima to"]
    C --> D{"Udiku mua kukudimuna impeller/auger bitekete bitekete kunyima 3 cm ne tshiamu tshia kuela natshi anyi mutshi anyi?"}
    D -->|"Eyowa: Udi upatula bipepele"| E["Lekela tshianza, ela tshianza panshi, ela tshiamu tshia nzembu, ubuele mu nzubu"]
    D -->|"Tòo: Mukanga bikole ku mufuba/tshianza"| F["Lekela tshianza pa muaba; ufuke mubedi mu bilamba bia kapia; bikila 911/112/999 bua kupeta dibulula dia Fire Rescue"]
    B -->|"Tòo: Tshianza tshikadi tshikale ne mputa / minu mikosa"| G["1. Ela bukole bukole ku tshianza tshidi tshipatuka mashi; pingaja mubedi mu nzubu<br/>2. Kosa buji ne wangata minu mikosa mu tshina tshia mâyi"]
    E --> H["Lama minu mikosa: Gaze mutoke -> Tshibombi tshia plastique tshikanga -> Mashi a mashika (KAKUENA neige/mashika)"]
    G --> H

Mushindu wa kuenza mudimu udi ne bitupa bibidi: Auger wa kumpala ne Impeller wa kunyima wa lubilu lua bungi¶

Mashinyi a bungi a mu nzubu ne a bungenda adi mashinyi a bitupa bibidi (anyi bisatu):

Fizike wa "recoil wa mukaba mulama" padi motere mujima¶

Bua tshinyi 85 pa lukama ya dikosa dia mifuba ya tshiamu tshia mashika idi yenzeka ku Stage 2 Rear Impeller muinshi mua tshina tshia kuulu pamutu pa ku tshiamu tshia kumpala tshidi tshimueneka?

1. Muaba wa mashika: Padi luya pabuipi ne 0 degrés Celsius (32 degrés Fahrenheit), neige wa mashika udi unyunguluka kakese pa biamu bia tshiamu tshia 1,500-RPM ne pashishe udi ulua bu dibue dikole pankatshi pa nsongo ya tshiamu tshia mitaku ne tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku tshina tshia kupatula.
2. Mushindu udi bukole bukuata: Anu kumpala kua motere kuimana (anyi kumpala kua muena mudimu kulekela tshiamu tshia mudimu tshia auger), tshiamu tshia motere tshia 8-14-horsepower tshidi tshikoka ne bukole bua bungi pa tshilamba tshia V-belt tshidi tshilamakaja ne tshiamu tshia impeller, eku tshiamu tshia worm-gear tshidi mu kazubu ka auger ka kumpala tshikoseka muinshi mua bujitu bua bungi. Padi tshiamu tshia mashika tshiimanyika tshiamu tshia mashinyi tshifua, tshiamu tshia V tshidi tshiolola, tshiamu tshia tensioner tshia tshiamu tshia mashinyi, ne dikuma dia cylindre wa motere didi dilama tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia mashinyi tshidi tshikosa muinshi mua nkama ya Newtons ya bukole bua dinyunguluka.
3. The spring-trap release: Muena mudimu udi ujima tshifungu, wenda unyunguluka kumpala kua tshiamu tshia neje tshidi katshiyi tshiumvuika, ne udi ufila tshianza tshiende tshia balume tshinene panshi mu tshina tshia mâyi tshia kuulu bua kupatula tshiamu tshia neje tshitoke. Bu mudibu bavuale bifulu bia mu muvu wa mashika, kabena mua kumvua mudi nsongo ya minu yabu pabuipi ne tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshisokoka to. Diakamue padi minu yabu ipatula tshiamu tshia mashika tshidi tshikuate tshingoma panyima, bukole buonso budibu balame mu tshilamba tshia diendesha natshi bintu budi buenda bujika mu tusunsa 0,05, butuma tshingoma tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku kumpala ku luseke lua tshiamu tshia mitaku ne tshikosa minu ya tshianza tshia munkatshi, ya pankatshi ne ya tshianza.

Bua tshinyi bilamba bia mu muvu wa mashika bidi bivudija mputa¶

Malongesha a bianza a mifuba adi aleja ne kuvuala tshiseba tshinene, neoprene, anyi bilamba bia mu muvu wa mashika mu tshikondo tshia dikuma dia tshiamu tshia mashika kudi kuvudija bukole bua mputa. Muelelu wa tshiamu tshia mitaku tshidi tshinyunguluka udi ukuata tshilamba tshikole tshia tshilamba tshia mu muvu wa mashika ne ukoka minu yonso inayi mu tshitupa tshikese tshia milimetre 3 tshidi pankatshi pa tshiamu tshia mitaku ne nzubu wa tshiamu, bienza bua minu ya bungi ikale mitshibuka musangu umue pamutu pa kukuma munu umue.

Diambuluisha dia kumpala dia tshitupa ku tshitupa bua disama dia tshianza tshia muena mashika¶

Disama dia bantu badi bapuekesha neje ditu ditamba kuenzeka mu njila ya mashika mu tshikondo tshia bipupu bia mashika padi dîba dia diandamuna dia ambulanse mua kuikala dienda dijika bua njila idi kayiyi milengejibue. Kulonda tshilele tshia dilama dia dipanda kudi kupesha baminganga ba bianza mushindu muimpe wa kusungila minu.

Tshitupa 1: Kupatula tshianza tshitshidi tshikuate mu tshiamu¶

Shi muena mu kisaka nansha muena mutumba wela mbila ne udi usangana tshianza tshiabu tshidi ne tshianza tshikuate lubilu munda mua tshina tshia mâyi anyi tshiamu tshia kumpala:

1. Ushipe bukole buonso ne kapia diakamue: Teka tshiamu tshia motere ku OFF, upatule tshifungu tshia bukubi tshia plastique, ne umbusha tshibombi tshia buji tshia tshiamu tshia caoutchouc ku nsongo ya buji pa mutu pa tshiamu tshia motere (anyi umbusha batterie pa modele wa mudilu). Buatshinyi? Bualu bua pa motere wa esanse, kunyungulula tshiamu tshia impeller ku bianza nansha mu santimetre 5 kudi mua kukudimuna mutshi wa motere kupita dikuma dia ku mutu ne kutemesha buji, kutuadija motere anu ku tshianza tshia muntu udibu bashipe.
2. Ela meji ni tshiamu tshia mashinyi tshidi mua kupingajibua bitekete bitekete:
3. Tangila munda mua tshina ne muendu. Misangu ya bungi, tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia impeller tshidi tshikuata minu ya muntu udibu bashipe ne tshianza tshinene tshia mu muvu wa mashika bikole ku mushiku wa munda wa tshimanu tshia tshiamu tshia chute.
4. Kukoki diboko dia muntu udibu bashipe kunyima ku bukole nansha kakese.
5. Pamutu pa nanku, wangate mutshi wa mutshi mukole, tshianza tshia tshisuku, anyi tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia kuela natshi bintu ne utute tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia impeller kunyima (mu njila mukuabu wa dinyunguluka dia pa tshibidilu, didi diumvuija pa tshibidilu kuela tshiamu panshi/kule ne mukana wa chute) ku 2 too ne ku 5 centimètres (1 to 2 inches). Bu mudi tshisumi tshia V-belt tshimane kujika anyi tshidi mua kutekeshibua padibu bajadike ne: levier wa embrayage wa auger wa handlebar mmupatuke bimpe, tshiamu tshia impeller tshidi tshienda tshinyunguluka panyima bipepele ne tshilekela minu.
6. Dîba dia kulekela tshianza pa muaba watshi bua kupatula mudimu wa kapia:
7. Shi tshianza tshia muntu udibu bashipe anyi tshianza tshia kumpala tshidi tshinyunguluka bikole ku tshiamu tshia Stage 1 tshia worm-gear auger (tshidi katshiyi mua kukudimuka bipepele ku tshianza bualu worm gears kayena mua kupingana to) anyi bikala tshiamu tshia mitaku tshibueja buludiludi mu mufuba wa tshianza ne kutshipingaja panyima tshidi tshikebesha kanyinganyinga kakole anyi ditshibuka: **kuteta bua kutshibandisha ku bukole.
8. Bikila 911, 112, nansha 999 diakamue. Lama tshiamu tshijima, ukuatshishe muntu udibu bashipe pa nkuasa anyi pa tshilamba tshia kulala tshidi tshiuwule tente ne bilamba biume, teka bintu bia kuowa nabi bianza anyi milondo ya mâyi a kapia munda mua tshilamba tshiabu (kule ne dikoba didi kadiyi ne tshintu) bua kuepuka luya lukole pambelu mu neje, ne lekela bena mudimu ba mu tshibambalu tshia kapia bapatule bipese binayi anyi bisambombo bidi bikuate tshibombi anyi tshibombi pamue nzubu wa tshiamu tshia mitaku kule ne biamu bia hydraulique.

Tshitupa 2: Dilama dia mashi ne dilama dia mputa padi tshianza tshipatuka¶

1. Lua ne mubedi mu nzubu mu nzubu wa luya diakamue: Lupepele lua pambelu ludi muinshi mua zero ludi luenza bua mijilu mikese ya ku tshianza ne ku tshianza ikale ne bukole bua bungi (dikepesha dia mijilu mikese ya ku tshianza ne ku tshianza), idi mua kunyanga muoyo wa minu mikosa ndambu idi ne mashi adi afika kale ku mushipa umue wa digitale.
2. Kosa tshilamba tshia mu muvu wa mashika tshidi tshinyanguke bimpe (kutshikose to):
3. Shi tshianza tshia mubedi tshipatuke mu tshina tshitshidi munda mua tshilamba tshia mu muvu wa mashika tshidi tshinyanguke, tshiuwule tente ne mashi, kuangatshi ku minu ya tshilamba atshi ne kutshikosa to. Kukoka tshianza tshikole ku mputa wa tshintu tshidi tshipuekesha neje kudi mua kumbusha tshitupa tshia munu tshidi tshilamakaja (tshikuate ku dikoba ditekete anyi ku muonji umue) ku tshianza tshijima.
4. Pamutu pa nanku, enza mudimu ne tshiseba tshia tshilamba tshidi ne nsongo mitumbuke anyi tshiseba tshia mputa bua kukosa bimpe kunyima kua tshilamba tshia ku tshianza too ne ku nsongo ya minu ne kutshibulula bitekete bitekete. Shi mutu wa munu mukosa udi mutapuluke munda mua munu wa tshilamba tshia ku bianza, ikala ne munu wa tshilamba tshia ku bianza bimpe bua tshintu katshijimiji to.
5. Ela tshienzedi tshikole ne ubandishe:
6. Buikila minu ne tshianza tshidi tshitapa ne tshilamba tshikole tshia gauze tshidi katshiyi ne disama (anyi tshilamba tshia kuowela natshi tshilamba tshia coton tshilengeja) ne wenze mudimu ne tshianza tshikole ne tshianza tshikole paudi ukuatshisha tshianza tshibandisha pa mutu anyi pa mutu pa mutshima.
7. Mashi a bungi adi apatuka mu minu adi ajika ne minite 5 too ne ku 10 ya dikuma dia gaze mikole. Anu pikalaku ditapa dia mushipa wa ku tshianza anyi wa ku diboko ne mashi adi apueka adi kaayi mua kuimana padibu bamukuma buludiludi, udi ne bua kuela tshintu tshia mushinga mukole tshia 5 too ne ku 7 centimètres (2 anyi 3 inches) pa mutu pa mputa wa ku diboko.
8. Umbusha bipese bionso ne biamu bia ku bianza bidi ku tshianza tshidi tshitapa diakamue: Mu minite 15 ya disama dia tshiamu tshia neje, tshianza tshijima ne minu idi mishale nebikole bikole; mpeta wa dibaka udibu bashiye pa munu wa mpeta udi mutshibuka udi wenza mudimu bu tshiamu tshia tourniquet tshidi mua kufikisha ku dijimija dia munu au kabidi; tangila mifuba mityumuke ne mifuba.
9. Kuela tshianza mu tshilamba tshinene tshia "muaba wa mudimu": Teka tshilamba tshia gaze munda mua tshianza bua minu ikale mu tshitupa tshia bufuki, funda tshianza tshijima mu tshilamba tshinene anyi mu tshilamba tshia kling tshidi tshikuatshisha pa tshilamba tshia padded/magazine splint, ne **kuela tshianza tshidi tshitapa mashika nansha kakese.

Tshitupa 3: Kupeta ne kulama minu mikosa mu neje¶

Muvu wa mashika udi ufila njiwu ya pa buayi bua minu mikosa: difuka dia mashika dia mpukapuka (dikuma dia mashika) dia tshitupa tshikosa.

• Keba mu tshina tshia mâyi ne mu tshibungubungu tshia neje bimpe: Padi mubedi mu nzubu ne muntu mukuabu mukuate tshianza tshiende ne tshiamu tshia buji tshia tshiamu tshia neje tshikosolola, enza mudimu ne tshibombi anyi tshianza tshidi ne tshianza bua kutangila bimpe neje idi mibuikila munda mua tshina tshia mâyi bua kupeta bitupa bia munu bionso bidibu bakose.
• Bua tshinyi kuena ne bua kuambula munu mukosa mu neje anyi buludiludi pa neje: Bikala muntu udi ne meji mimpe wangata munu mukosa pamue ne tshianza tshia neje wa mu njila wa mashinyi udi ne luya lua 10°C (14°F) ne uwuteka mu dikopo, anyi uteka munu udi kauyi ne tshintu buludiludi pa mabue a neje, intracellulaire udi wenza microscopique munda mua tshiamu tshia mashika bimanu bia munu. Padi munganga wa tshianza uteta bua kusonga mushipa wa mashi wa 1-millimetre muinshi mua tshiamu tshia kumona natshi bintu (microvascular replantation), mishipa ya mashi idi mikole idi inyanguka diakamue ne munu udi ufua.
• Mukenji wa dilama dia bintu 3-Step (Mushindu wa luya: +4°C / 39°F, luya lua mu frigo, kayi muanji kuikala mu mashika):
• Umbusha bipese bia mabue a neje bitekete bitekete ne ufunge munu udibu bakose mu tshitupa tshia gaze tshidi katshiyi ne disama tshidibu balengeje kakese ne mâyi a mukele anyi mâyi a kunua a mu milondo adi ne luya lua mu nzubu.
• Teka munu mubuikila ne gaze munda mua tshibombi tshia plastique tshikezuke, tshiume, tshidi katshiyi tshibuela mâyi ne tshikanga.
• Teka tshibombi tshia plastique tshikanga pa mutu pa tshisambakaja tshia tshitupa tshia mabue a mashika ne tshitupa tshia mayi mashika a mu pompi munda mua dikopo dikole anyi mu tshiamu tshia mashika, ne funda tshibombi atshi dîna dia mubedi ne dîba divuaye mutapike.
• Lama mubedi NPO (kakuyi bualu nansha bumue ku mishiku): Kupeshi mubedi kafe, kakao ka kapia, mayi, anyi biakudia padiye muindile ambulanse anyi wenda uya ku lupitadi, bualu dipanda dia tshianza dia lukasa didi dilomba dipanda dia tshianza mu nzubu wa dipanda.

Mushindu kayi wa kumbusha tshina tshia mashika tshidi tshibuikila bimpe (The 5-Step Protocol)¶

Tshiamu tshionso tshia kuela natshi neje tshidibu bapanyisha mu bidimu bishale ebi tshidi ne tshiamu tshia plastique tshia orange anyi tshifiike tshiamu tshia kusukula natshi tshikuate ku mutu kua nzubu wa auger. Dîba dionso didi neje miume ikanga tshina tshia mâyi anyi ikanga tshiamu tshia auger, londa bulongame ebu misangu yonso:

1. Lekela bionso bibidi bia tshiamu tshia mashinyi (tshiamu tshia diendesha natshi mashinyi ne tshiamu tshia auger/impeller).
2. Kima motere mujima pa kukudimuna tshiamu tshia kutemesha natshi kapia ku STOP ne kupatula tshifungu tshia bukubi (anyi kupatula tshiamu tshia batterie tshia tshiamu tshia nzembu tshidi katshiyi ne nkata).
3. Indila 10 sekonde mijima ne utangile panshi mu tshina tshia mâyi bua kujadika ne: biamu bia tshiamu tshia mashinyi mbilekele kunyunguluka.
4. Umbusha tshiamu tshia nzembu shi udi musue kupingaja tshiamu tshia nzembu tshitshibuka anyi kutangila bimpe nzubu wa auger.
5. Wenza mudimu anu ne tshiamu tshia plastike tshile tshia kusukula natshi bintu anyi tshisuku tshia mabaya tshia bule bua metre 1 bua kuela ne kutshibula tshibuikidiji tshia neje mu tshina tshia mâyi eku ulama bianza bionso bibidi pambelu pa tshina tshia mâyi tshia 40 centimètres (16 inches). Tekemena ne: tshiamu tshia impeller netshitute kakese ne clank wa tshiamu padi mutshi utshibula tshiamu tshia ice plug.

Kupangisha tshiamu tshia mashika kumpala kua wewe kutuadija¶

• Ela munda mua tshina tshia mâyi ne tshia tshiamu tshia mashinyi kumpala kua tshipepele tshikole: Kumpala kua kutuadija tshiamu tshiebe tshia mashika, ela mâyi munda mua tshiamu tshia mashika, pa biamu bia mashinyi, ne biamu bia kumpala bia auger ne tshintu tshia mushinga mukole tshia spray wa silicone, PTFE (Teflon) wa tshiamu tshia mashika tshia mashinyi, paste wa mu mashinyi anyi nansha mafuta a mashika kuela. Tshilamba etshi tshidi katshiyi tshibuela mu mâyi tshidi tshipangisha neje miume ne mikole bua kulamakaja tshiamu tshia mitaku.
• Lama bukole mu tshisuku tshia mâyi: Tshiamu tshia neje tshidi ne bitupa bibidi tshidi tshieyemena bungi bua neje budi buenda bupueka kunyima bua kulama tshina tshia mâyi tshikezuke. Wewe wenda uya kumpala bitekete bitekete mu tshisuku tshidi katshiyi tshikole, neje udi usomba pa tshiamu tshia mashinyi ne udi ulua mashika; Pamutu pa nanku, wangate njila mukese wa tshitupa tshia butshiama ne lubilu lushindame bua tshiamu tshia mashinyi tshikale tshikumbane, ne lekela tshiamu tshia auger tshienda mu sekonde 15 panyima pa wewe mumane kujikija njila bua kupatula luya luonso ludi lushala kumpala kua kujima motere bua tshiamu tshia mashinyi katshiyi tshikole butuku bujima to.
• Tangila bua njiwu idi misokoka mu njila: Kumbula milonda ya mu budimi, bilamba bia ku tshiibi, mionji ya dilengeja nayi, nkanu ya mbua, ne bikandakanda kumpala kua neje kuloka, ne kuena ne bua kuenza mudimu ne tshiamu tshia mitaku tshia mu tshisalu tshia bintu bia mudimu pa muaba wa tshiamu tshia auger shear (kuenza mudimu ne tshiamu tshikole tshia Grade-5 anyi Grade-8 pamutu pa tshiamu tshia gear soft tshidi tshikosa ne tshinyangu tshia gear udi ukandika tshiamu tshia auger bua kupatuka pikala bilamba biebe bikuate).

Mashinyi a tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku, biamu bia kuela nabi neje bia ku nzembu, ne biamu bia kuela nabi neje bia traktere¶

Kabiena bionso bia tshiamu tshia mashika bidi bienza mudimu ne tshiamu tshia muomumue to. Kujingulula njiwu mishilangane ya mashinyi adi ne tshitupa tshimue, mashinyi a lithium-ion adi kaayi ne nkata, ne mashinyi a Power Take-Off (PTO) adibu bateka pa traktere bidi bipangisha dibuelakana dikole ne disama dia nzembu anyi dia mashinyi:

Njiwu mibidi ya mu muvu wa mashika mu tshikondo tshia mudimu wa tshiamu tshia mashika¶

Nansha mudi dikosa dia bianza munda mua tshina tshia dipatuila bintu dikale disama dia kumpala, baminganga ba malu a mpukapuka batu baondopa bilumbu bikuabu binayi bia mpukapuka bia tshiamu tshia mashika mu tshikondo tshionso tshia mvula wa mashika:

1. Dikuma dia tshingoma tshia Recoil-starter (mputa ya ku dikaya, ku tshianza, ne ku mpala)¶

Padi tshiamu tshia mashika tshia esanse tshisombe mu tshikuku tshidi katshiyi ne kapia ku 15 degrés Celsius (5 degrés Fahrenheit), mafuta a bungi a motere ne dikuma dia cylindre bidi bienza bua tshiamu tshia kukoka natshi (recoil starter) tshikale tshikole bua kutshikoka:

• Mudimu wa motere / dipuekesha dia dikuma: Shi motere udi utema kakese kumpala kua piston kufikaye ku mutu kua tshitupa tshifue paudi ukoka tshianza tshia T tshia tshibangidilu ne tshianza tshikanga, tshiamu tshia mudimu tshidi tshienda tshipingana panyima bikole, tshipingaja tshingoma tshia tshibangidilu mu nzubu ne lubilu lukole. Dikankamika dia tshimpitshimpi edi ditu difikisha ku ditshibuka dia tshianza tshia ku bule, ditshibuka dia mionji ya biceps, ditshibuka dia tshianza tshia rotator, anyi (bikala tshilamba tshia ku tshianza tshidi ne mâyi tshipatuka ku tshianza tshia T) tshidi tshifikisha muena mudimu ku dikuma ku mpala anyi ku dikuluka panyima pa beton wa mashika, kukuma kunyima kua tshifu; mona mputa ku mutu.
• Mushindu muimpe wa kukoka: Misangu yonso ela tshiamu tshia 120V/230V tshidi ne butone bua kutuadija ne mashika bua kutuadija dituku dia mashika pamutu pa kuela tshingoma tshia ku bianza misangu 20 mu lupepele lua muinshi mua zero. Shi udi ne tshia kukoka tshingoma tshia dipingaja, koka bitekete bitekete mu santimetre 5 ya kumpala too ne paudi umvua bipese bia tshiamu tshia nzembu bikuate tshiamu tshia nzembu tshikole, ikala mukoseke kakese mu tshianza tshiebe, kuena ne bua kukanga tshiamu tshia nzembu ku tshianza tshiebe anyi ku minu, ne uvuale bilamba bia mashika pa bisabata biebe bua makasa ebe kaayi mua kupatuka muinshi muebe to.

2. Neje ya lubilu lua bungi, mabue a nsongo, ne bingoma bia tshikandakanda¶

Tshiamu tshia mashika tshidi ne bitupa bibidi tshidi tshiela mabue a mashika, mabue a nsongo, bintu bia mbua bidi ne mashika, ne bikandakanda bidi ne mâyi mu tshina tshia mâyi ne lubilu lua 40 too ne ku 65 km/h (25 too ne ku 40 mph):

• Misangu yonso ikala utangila tshina tshia mâyi kule ne madidishi, mashinyi adi mashika, bantu badi benda pa makasa ne njila.
• Tangila bikandakanda bia mu mashika ne mionji ya dikisha: Tshikandakanda tshikuate mu mashika tshidibu basuike mu tshiamu tshia kuela natshi neje tshitu misangu ya bungi tshikuata tshiamu tshia mashinyi anyi tshipatuka bu tshintu tshia kilo 1 (2,2-pound) tshia bowling pin, eku tshiamu tshia dilengeja natshi tshia dikisha tshidi tshijika tshienda tshiendakana kumpala kua tshiamu tshia mashika pabuipi ne 2010 RPM, kukoka nzembu ya nzembu ku tshimanu tshia nzubu anyi kuela tshiamu tshia nzembu tshikole mu maulu a muena mudimu.

3. Disama dia monoxide de carbone mu nzubu ya mashinyi idi kayiyi miunzulula ne mu miaba idi ne neje¶

Mu tshikondo tshia mvula wa mashika, bena nzubu batu misangu mivule batuadija tshiamu tshiabu tshia mashika munda mua nzubu wa mashinyi ne tshiibi tshia kuulu tshiunzulula, bela meji ne: tshiibi tshiunzulula tshidi tshifila kapepe kakumbane:

• Bua tshinyi tshiibi tshia garage tshiunzulula katshiena tshikukuba mu tshipepele tshikole tshia mu muvu wa mashika to: Padi lupepele luela buludiludi ku tshiibi tshia garage tshiunzulula anyi luenda lunyunguluka pa mutu pa nzubu, ludi luenza tshipepele tshikole tshidi tshikuata luya lua tshiamu tshia neje munda mua garage ne tshituma carbon monoxide (CO) ku tshiibi tshia munda mua nzubu. Motere mukese wa esanse udi ne mashika udi upatula monoxide de carbone mu minite 5 bu mudi mashinyi a matuku etu aa apatula mu mêba makese.
• Mukenji: Misangu yonso, wela tshiamu tshia kuela natshi neje pambelu pa njila mubulula kumpala kua kutuadija motere, ne kutshilekedi nansha kakese ku luseke lua tshiamu tshia ku nzubu tshidi panshi anyi tshia tshiamu tshia kuowela natshi bintu tshidi tshibuikila kudi neje.

4. Disama dia mutshima didi difumina ku dienza mudimu ne biamu bia bungi bidi bipuekesha neje mu lupepele lua muinshi mua zero¶

Nansha mudi tshiamu tshia kuela natshi neje tshidi tshidiendesha nkayatshi tshikepesha bujitu bua dibandisha pa kutshifuanyikija ne tshiamu tshia kuela natshi neje tshia ku bianza, kuenza mudimu ne tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia 90-to-140-kilogram (200-to-300-pound) kupitshila ku tshiamu tshia 60-centimetre (2-foot) tshia municipal iceplow iceplow ku ndekelu kua njila wa 10°C (14°F) lupepele ludi luenza bua mijilu ya mu mikolo ikale mikole ne dikola dia mashi. Ikala uikisha misangu ne misangu, lekela nkata ya mashinyi yenza mudimu ne lubilu luende lua kumpala lua panshi (1st Gear), ne imana diakamue shi udi umvua tshifu tshikole, tshiadi tshisama, anyi dipanga dia mupuya; mona diambuluisha dia kumpala dia disama dia mutshima.

Ela meji bua kujikija dilonga dia Diambuluisha dia kumpala, Diimanyika dia mashi, ne CPR kudi Croix-Rouge, St John Ambulance, anyi kudi mufidi wa diambuluisha wa muaba uudi musombele kumpala kua muvu wa mashika kufikaye; mona kusukula neje ne mudimu mukole mu mashika makole.

Nkonko itubu bela misangu ya bungi¶

Mmunyi mudi tshiamu tshia kuela natshi neje mua kukosa minu ya muntu padi motere mujima mujima?¶

Padi neje mukola, mutoke udisangisha bikole munda mua tshina tshia mâyi, udi ukanga tshiamu tshia lubilu lua bungi tshia tshiamu tshia nzembu tshidi tshienda lubilu lukole padi motere utshidi anu ukoka bikole pa tshilamba tshia tshiamu tshia caoutchouc. Nansha padi motere mumane kuimana anyi wewe mujime tshifungu tshia kutemesha kapia, mukaba wa V-belt wa caoutchouc muolola, ressort wa tensioner wa mukaba, ne tshiamu tshia mashinyi bidi bishala bikanga muinshi mua tension wa elastic mukole bu mudi tshintu tshia kuela nabi kapia. Dîba diudi ufika ku tshianza tshiebe panshi mu tshina tshia mâyi ne upatula tshitupa tshia neje tshivua tshikuate tshiamu tshia mvita, tshisumi tshia mukaba tshidi tshilama tshidi tshikosa tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia impeller kumpala tshitupa tshinayi ne bukole bua bungi, tshitshibula anyi tshikosa minu yonso idi munda mua tshina tshia mâyi.

Shi tshianza tshia muntu tshilamakaja munda mua tshiamu tshia mashika anyi tshiamu tshia mashika, mmushindu kayi mutambe buimpe wa kutshipatula?¶

Tshia kumpala, ujimije tshiamu tshia motere, umbusha tshifungu, ne umbusha tshiamu tshia nshinga tshia buji (anyi umbusha bateri) bua motere kayi mua kutema to. Kukoki tshianza tshia muntu udibu bashipe ne bukole panyima pa tshiamu tshia mitaku tshidi tshitapa mijilu ne mijilu. Pamutu pa nanku, tangila ni udi mua kuenza mudimu ne mutshi anyi tshiamu tshia kuela natshi bua kunyungulula tshiamu tshia impeller bitekete bitekete santimetre mikese KUNYIMA (mushindu mukuabu uditshi tshinyunguluka pa tshibidilu) bua kujikija dikuma dia minu. Shi tshianza tshikuate bikole anyi tshibuikila mu tshiamu tshia worm-gear, tshileke muaba watshi, ikala ne luya lua mubedi ne bilamba, ne ubikile 911, 112, anyi 999 bua bena mudimu ba dipandisha kapia babulule tshiibi.

Bua tshinyi tshiena ne bua kuela munu mukosa mu neje mu njila wa kuya ku lupitadi?¶

Mashika a pambelu ne mabue a mashika adi muinshi mua 0 degre Celsius (32 degre Fahrenheit). Kubueja munu mukosa buludiludi mu neje anyi pa mabue a mashika kudi kuenza bua selile idi kayiyi ne bukole ne mishipa ya mashi idi kayiyi ne tshintu tshikole, ne bidi mua kunyanga bikole mashika adi enza bua munganga wa ku bianza ikale kayi mua kusonga mijilu mikese eyi pamue muinshi mua tshiamu tshia mikroskope to. Misangu yonso, ikala ufunda tshitupa tshikosa mu tshilamba tshitoke tshidi katshiyi tshinyanguka, utshisuike mu tshibombi tshia plastique tshiume tshidi katshiyi tshibuela mâyi, ne uteke tshibombi atshi pa mutu pa tshisumbu tshia mabue a mashika ne mâyi mashika bua tshikale tshimpe (pabuipi ne 4°C / 39°F) katshiyi tshinyanguka nansha kakese.

Ndi mua kupingaja tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku tshia mu nzubu wanyi wa mashinyi anyi?¶

Tòo, kupinganyi nansha kakese tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku tshia muenji ne tshiamu tshia mitaku tshia mu nzubu wa dipanyishila bintu. Biamu bia kukosa nabi neje bidi bienza ne milonda mienza bimpe ne tshiamu tshia mitaku tshimpe bua se: pikala tshiamu tshia kumpala tshituta tshitupa tshia mabue a mashika, dibue disokoka, tshikandakanda anyi tshilamba tshia muntu, tshiamu etshi tshidi tshitapuluka bimpe mu bitupa bibidi ne tshikosolola tshiamu tshia auger tshidi tshienda tshinyunguluka ku tshiamu tshia mashinyi. Kuteka tshiamu tshia mitaku tshikole kudi kukudimuna tshiamu tshia mitaku tshilue tshintu tshidi katshiyi mua kuimanyika tshidi mua kutshibula tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku tshidi tshienza mudimu ne tshiamu tshia mitaku anyi kuenza njiwu mikole ya dibuelakana.

Miaba mifumina¶

• Tshibambalu tshia bukubi bua bintu bia bantu (CPSC, États-Unis): Didimuija dia bukubi bua tshiamu tshia kuela natshi neje: Kuepuka dikosa dia mifuba ku diambuluisha dia tshina tshia mâyi tshidi tshikanga ne dikuatshika dia monoxide de carbone
• Tshisumbu tshia bena Amerike tshia dipanda dia bianza (ASSH) ne Tshilongelu tshia bena Amerike tshia baminganga ba mifuba (AAOS): Dikuba dia mputa ya bianza ya tshiamu tshia mashika, mishindu ya dilama dia tshianza, ne mikenji ya dilama dia dipanda
• Health Canada ne Transport Canada: Kuenza mudimu bimpe ne biamu bia kuela nabi neje ne bia mudimu bia mu muvu wa mashika
• Tshilongelu tshia ditunga tshia malu a bukubi ne makanda a mubidi (NIOSH / CDC, États-Unis): Dilama dia bintu bia mudimu bia pambelu mu muvu wa mashika ne dikanga/dipatula dia bukole bua mashinyi budibu balame
• Tshibambalu tshia malu a nzembu tshia pambelu (OPEI / ANSI B71.3): Malu adi atangila bukubi bua bantu badi benda panyima pa neje

Malu adi apetangana¶

• Dipatuka dia mashi dikole ne dienza dia tourniquet
• Kukosa neje ne mudimu mukole mu mashika makole
• Disama dia monoxide de carbone
• Mifuba mityumuke, mifuba mityumuke, ne mifuba mityumuke
• Dikuatshisha dia kumpala dia hypothermie ne dia mashika