Jump-Start Reversed Polarity, Explosion of Battery of Car, and Battery Acid Splash¶

Batterie wa 12-volt wa tshiamu tshia plomb udi ulama bukole bua bungi bua nzembu budi mua kufila 500 too ne ku 900 Cold Cranking Amps (CCA) ya nzembu, eku muikale ne 1,5 too ne ku 2,5 litre (1,6 too ne ku 2,6 quarts) ya 35 too ne ku 88 pa lukama wa SOc acid sulfuri (\(2\)_4) electrolyte ne kupatula luya lua hydrogène ne oxygène (\(2H_2 + O_2\)) mu bipese biende bia plastique padibu babiteka. Mu muaba wa mashinyi udi ne mîdima anyi mu njila udi ne mashika, kuela nkamba ya jumper mikunze ne mifike pa mitshi ya bateri mibi ku tshilema (polarite mushintuluke) kudi kuenza circuit muipi wa diakamue mu bateri yonso ibidi mu mulongo, kutuma 1000 amps kupitshila ku nkamba ya mukuba. Mu tusunsa tusatu, nkamba ya jumper idi isunguluja tshilamba tshiabu tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku mu kapia, kapia kakole kadi katemesha gaz wa hydrogène udi mupatuke, ne tshibuta tshia batterie tshia plastique tshidi mua kututa bu grenade wa dikosolola, tshiela aside sulfurique udi unyanguka ne tshiamu tshia polypropylène tshikole buludiludi mu mpala ne mu mêsu a muntu udi muimanyine pa mutu pa motere.

Nansha mudi tshiamu tshia nzembu tshidi katshiyi tshituta batterie, tshibandilu tshia nzembu tshidi tshinyangakaja tshiamu tshinene tshia fusible link anyi Mega-Fuse (tshidi tshishiya mashinyi mafue ne miendu mifiike ya ku tshiamu tshia mashinyi) ne tshidi mua kuosha diode ya dilongolola dia alternateur, Engine Control (ECU), ne Module wa Control (BCM). Mukanda ewu udi wakula bua dilengeja dia mêsu dia lukasa dia bintu bia tshimpitshimpi bidi mua kusungila muoyo padi aside mu batterie unyanguka, mushindu wa kukosa nkamba ya tshiamu tshia nzembu idi ifuma kayiyi yenza bua tshintu tshipatuke, mushindu wa kujingulula ne kupingaja tshiamu tshia nzembu tshia batterie tshidi tshibutuka kunyima kua dibuela dia panyima, ne mushindu mulelela wa 4-step chassis-ground-star sequence udi upangisha hydrogène bua kapia.

Enza nunku mpindieu¶

1. Bikala bateri wa mashinyi mubutuke anyi muele tshiamu tshia nzembu mu mêsu anyi ku mpala kua muntu, sukula mêsu ende ne mâyi mimpe munkatshi mua minite 15 anyi 30 diakamue. Tusekonde ke tudi tuleja ni muntu au udi umona bimpe. KUjimiji dîba bua kukeba bicarbonate de soude anyi bintu bidi bilengeja mêsu to; enza mudimu ne mayi a kunua a mu milondo, tshiamu tshia mu budimi tshidi ne bukole bukese, tshina tshia kuowa mâyi tshia mu tshikuku, anyi mene tshiayi tshia mashika anyi mabele pikala mâyi kaayiku, ukuate bipese bia mêsu biunzulula ne minu yebe ne wela mâyi a mu ditumba dia munda (tshibumba tshia muulu) pambelu.
2. Bikila diambuluisha dia lukasa dia munganga diakamue pikala aside wa mu batterie mubuele mu mêsu, anyi pikala tshiamu tshia mitaku tshitapa mpala anyi nshingu. Ela nimero ya lukasa ya muaba unudi (911 mu États-Unis ne mu Canada, 112 mu matunga masanga a ku Mputu, 999 mu Royaume-Uni) anyi tangila nomba ya tshimpitshimpi tshilaminu tshia mikanda padi muntu mukuabu utungunuka ne kuela mâyi ku mêsu kayi wimana. Umbusha biamu bia kutangila nabi mêsu diakamue padi mâyi atuadija kusukula.
3. **Wewe mumane kulamakaja nkamba ya jumper kunyima ne mumone kapia kakole, nkamba idi isunguluka, anyi muishi upatuka mu nkamba, umbusha tshiamu tshia kukanga natshi tshidi tshilamakaja ku UNPAINTED METAL ENGINE BLOCK / CHASSIS GROUND (anyi tshiamu tshia kukanga natshi tshidi kule menemene ne batterie udi ufila kapia) wenza mudimu ne tshilamba tshia dikoba tshikole bua kutshiteka pa mpala webe. kuela mbila, kuela, anyi kufuimisha batterie bua kupatula tshiamu tshia batterie buludiludi pa tshitekelu tshia batterie; kukoka tshiamu tshia 1,000-amp tshidi ne muoyo ku tshitekelu tshia bateri kudi kukoka tshiamu tshia nzembu tshidi tshimueneka ku nzembu ya hydrogène wa bateri, udi tshintu tshidi tshituta tshibombi tshia bateri.
4. Bikala aside wa batterie muele pa dikoba anyi pa bilamba, umbusha bilamba bidi ne bukoya diakamue ne wela dikoba adi ne mayi munkatshi mua minite 15. Anu pa dikoba, pa njila, anyi pa bitupa bia motere bia tshiamu (KUENA mu mêsu nansha) ke udi mua kuela paste anyi solution wa sode de soude () ne mâyi a bicarbonate panyima pa wewe mumane kusukula mâyi aside sulfurique udi mushale.
5. Kutetshi nansha kakese bua kuenza mudimu ne bateri wa mashinyi udi ne mashika, mupanduluke, mupatuke anyi udi ne mupuya wa diyi dibole. Bikala bateri mufue mu muvu wa mashika udi ne bimanu bia ku luseke anyi mabue a mashika munda mua tshibombi, anyi pikala bateri ununka bikole ne sufre (diyi dibole) ne luya lua munda mua tshibombi, bidi mua kuikala biumvuika bimpe muipi anyi mubuikila mu neje; kuela nkamba ya jumper anyi tshiamu tshia kucharger natshi lukasa nekuenze bua tshitute.

Dituta dia bateri, dijima dia aside, ne mutshi wa dipangadika dia polarite mupingane¶

flowchart TD
    Start["Kutuadija / Tshilumbu tshia tshimpitshimpi tshia bateri wa mashinyi"] --> Event{"Tshidi tshienzeke ntshinyi?"}
    Event -->|"Batterie mmututa anyi acide mmuela mu mêsu anyi mu dikoba"| Eyes{"Aside uvua mubuele mu mêsu anyi?"}
    Eyes -->|"EYOWA (Ocular Splash)"| Flush["Ikala ne bipese bia mêsu biunzulula ne usukule mêsu ebe ne mâyi malenga kakuyi kuimana munkatshi mua minite 15 anyi 30"]
    Flush --> Lens["Umbusha ma lens a ku mêsu paudi usukula; KUTEKI Bicarbonate de soude mu meso to; Bikila 911 / 112 / 999"]
    Eyes -->|"Tòo (Dikoba, Bilamba, anyi Muaba wa Motere Anu)"| Skin["Bilamba bidi binyanguka; Sukula dikoba ne mayi mu minite 15; Tangila tshiamu/pavema ne bicarbonate de soude"]
    Event -->|"Nsinga ya jumper milamakaja kunyima (Mionji ya kapia / Nsinga idi isunguluka)"|Smoking{"Nsinga idi anu milamakaja ne ifuma anyi?"}
    Smoking -->|"Eyowa (Circuit muipi udi wenza mudimu)"| PullAway["Lama mpala; Yank Off Chassis-Ground Clamp anyi Donor Clamp FURTHEST from Smoking Battery"]
    Smoking -->|"Tòo (Badi bamane kukosa; Motoka udi mpindieu mufue 100%)"| Fuse["Tangila tshintu tshinene tshia 80A too ne ku 150A tshidi tshisangisha / Mega-Fuse mu kazubu ka fuse ka muinshi mua tshilamba"]
    Fuse --> Test["Pingaja fuse munene ne fuse mikese ya ETCS/EFI; Teta Alternateur bua Diode ya Rectifier mifume"]
    Event -->|"Udi ne tshia kuenza tshienzedi tshimpe tshia kutuadija mpindieu"| CheckFreeze["Ikala mujadike ne: Bateri mufue kena mufue, kayi mupatuke, kayi mupanduluke anyi ununka bu mayi mabole to"]
    CheckFreeze --> Order["Disangisha: 1. Mukunze ku Mufue(+), 2. Mukunze ku Mufidi(+), 3. Mukunze ku Mufidi(-), 4. Mufiike ku Mufue Engine Metal Ground"]

Diambuluisha dia kumpala bua dibutuka dia bateri wa mashinyi ne dibutuka dia aside sulfurique (\(H_2SO_4\))¶

Ma bateri a plomb-acide a mu mashinyi (mudi ma bateri a tshibidilu a flooded ne a AGM / Absorbent Glass Mat) adi ne tshiamu tshia nzembu tshia 35 too ne ku 38 pa lukama tshia aside sulfurique (\(H_2SO_4\)) ne pH muinshi mua 1.0. Padi tshiamu tshia munda tshipi anyi tshiamu tshia pambelu tshidi tshituta kapia mu tshibombi tshia gaz wa hydrogène-oxygène tshidi munda mua tshibombi tshia batterie, dibutuka didi dipatuka didi ditshibula tshibuikidiji tshia polypropylène tshidi tshinyanguka ne dienza bua lupuishi lua aside sulfurique ne matonyi adi anyanguka lubilu lukole.

1. Dibutuka dia mêsu (Acide sulfurique mu mêsu)¶

Acides sulfuriques mu dîsu udi ukebesha diakamue dinyanguka dia mashi dia tshitupa tshia dîsu ne tshia dîsu. Bikalabu kabayi bawulengeja mu tusunsa 10 anyi 30 tua kumpala, aside udi ubuela munda menemene mu stroma wa dîsu, ne udi wenza bua dîsu dikale dimueneka patoke (bufofo), dinyanguka dia mêsu anyi dibutuka dia dîsu (tangila mputa ya ku mêsu ne kuosha bikole ne disukula dia bintu bia tshimpitshimpi).

• Ela mayi malenga mu masekonde 10: Angata muaba udi pabuipi ne mayi malenga adi kaayi ne buanga (mayi a mu milondo adi mu tshibombi tshia mashinyi, muaba wa kusukula mêsu ku mudimu, tshiamu tshia mu budimi tshidi ne bukole bukese, anyi tshiamu tshia kuowa mâyi tshia mu nzubu wa kuowa mâyi). Shi udi mu njila munene udi kayi ne mayi, ela saline contact solution, mabele, anyi tshiayi tshia mashika tshidi katshiyi ne sukadi/tshia tshia kunua tshidi ne mayi ku mêsu pamutu pa kuindila minite 15 bua ambulanse afike kumpala kua kuowa mâyi.
• Tenteka mutu ku luseke bua mayi kaayi anyanga dîsu didi kadiyi ditapa: Bikala anu dîsu dia balume divua dibutuka, teka mutu wa muntu ku dia balume bua mâyi a kuowa adi ne aside apatuke ku ditama dia balume apueke panshi, kayi muanji kusabuka tshibumba tshia muulu bua kubuela mu dîsu dimpe dia dia bakaji to.
• Kulama bipese bia mêsu biunzulula: Disama dia tshimpitshimpi didi dijula tshipupu tshikole tshia bipese bia mêsu (blepharospasm), tshidi tshikuata aside mukole muinshi mua bipese bia kuulu ne bia kuinshi. Wenza mudimu ne munu munene ne munu mukese pa mifuba ya orbite bua kukuata bitekete bitekete bipese bia mêsu biunzulula bikole paudi wenda unyungulula bipese bia mêsu mu nseke yonso mu tshikondo tshia disukula dia minite 15 too ne ku 30.
• KUENA mua kuela bicarbonate de soude, vinaigre, anyi bintu bidi bipangisha mu mêsu: Kusangila bicarbonate de sodium (bicarbonate de soude) ne acide sulfurique buludiludi pa mutu pa dîsu kudi kuenza bua tshienzedi tshia tshimpitshimpi tshidi tshipatula kapia ne bipese bia gaz de dioxide de carbone, tshidi tshikebesha disama dikole dia panyima pa disu. Wenza mudimu ne mayi malelela anyi anu saline isotonique.
• Tangila bipese bia plastique bia mu tshibombi tshia bateri: Shi tshitupa tshia tshibombi tshia batterie tshia plastique tshifiike tshidi tshibueja mu disu nkayadi, kufinyi pa globe anyi kuteta bua kukoka tshitupa tshidi tshibueja ne pense; Sukula bitekete bitekete pabuipi ne dîsu ne mayi ne ufuke dîsu ne dikopo dia dibeji dikole dia bukubi dilamakaja ku mpala ne ku ditama.

2. Kuosha ku kikoba (Acide sulfurique ku mpala, ku bianza, ne ku bilamba)¶

1. Umbusha kumpala lupuishi luume lua plomb sulfate mutoke anyi wa bleu ne tshilamba tshiume anyi tshianza tshidi ne tshianza kumpala kua kuela mâyi (kuela ka-mayi kakese mu lupuishi lua aside ludi luenza aside wa kapia mukole; paudi pabuipi bua kusukula, enza mudimu ne mâyi a bungi).
2. Kukosa anyi kumbusha bilamba bidi ne aside, bilamba bia bianza, ne jeans diakamue: Bilamba bia tshilamba tshia coton bidi bikuata aside wa sulfure bu tshiponji ne bidi bikuata ku dikoba.
3. Sula dikoba muinshi mua mayi adi apita mu minite 15 too ne padi diumvua dia kusesuka ne dia kapia dijika.
4. Kujimija aside wa batterie pa peinture wa mashinyi, pa bitupa bia motere, ne pa dikoba (panyima pa disukula dia mayi): Padi dikoba dimane kusukula bimpe ne mayi a bungi munkatshi mua minite 15, kuowa dikoba (nansha mêsu) ne nsabanga mupepele anyi ne tshintu tshitekete tshia bicarbonate de soude (bicarbonate de sodium) musambakaja mu mayi udi ujimija **acide yonso ya kulonda. Mu kazubu ka motere, ela kazubu kajima ka bicarbonate de soude musambakaja ne tshibombi tshia mayi buludiludi pa tshitekelu tshia ma batterie, pa nshinga ya nzembu, ne pa peinture wa fender bua kupangisha aside bua kudia mu tshiamu tshia mitaku ne mu tshiamu tshia nzembu (netshikale tshienza mutoyi mukole padiye ukudimuna aside wa sulfurique mu mâyi a sodium sulfate adi kaayi ne njiwu, ne \(2\), ne $2).

Tshibangidilu tshia polarite mupingane: tshidi tshienzeka padibu basabuka nkamba ne mushindu kayi wa kuimanyika¶

Tshidimu tshionso, bendeshi ba mashinyi binunu ne binunu batu basuika nkamba ya jumper kunyima ku mpukapuka, balamakaja nkamba ya Mukunze (+) ku poste wa Negative (-) ne **Nsinga wa Black (-) ku poste wa Positive (+). Tshilema etshi tshitu tshienzeka misangu ya bungi butuku bualu:

• Imue mashinyi itu yenza mudimu ne tshiamu tshia plastique tshifiike pa nkamba ya bateri mimpe ne mibi, anyi bamfumu ba kumpala bavua bapingaje nkamba minyanguke ne dikala dibi.
• Bunene bua ma batterie a ku Mputu, a mu Japon ne a mu ditunga adi ashintulula luseke kayi lua batterie ludi ne tshimanyinu tshia Positive (+) (R vs. L tshitekelu tshia mashinyi), nunku muendeshi udi ulamakaja nkamba ku diambuluisha dia "muscle memory" udi ulamakaja ku luseke lubi.
• Mujimine + ne - bimanyinu bienza mu plastike mufike wa bukoya wa bateri bidi bimueneka pabuipi ne bia muomumue muinshi mua toshete wa telefone udi kayi umueneka bimpe.

Mushindu kayi wa kujingulula misangu yonso tshintu tshimpe (+) anyi tshibi (-) kuyi wimanyina pa dikala dia nkamba¶

Tshidi tshienzeka ku nzembu mu tshikondo tshia disangisha dia polarite mushintuluke¶

Paudi ulamakaja bateri wa 12.6-volt mu polarite mupingane ku bateri wa 10.5-volt udi kayi ne bukole, bateri ibidi eyi kayena kabidi itangilangana mu mushindu umue to; badi mpindieu basuika mu SERIES mu tshijengu tshikanga (\(12.6\text{V} + 10.5\text{V} = 23.1\text{V}\)) ne pabuipi ne zero wa dikuba dia nzembu (\(R \approx 0.02\ \Omega\)).

1. 0 too ne ku 3 sekonde: Bilondeshile mukenji wa Ohm (\(I = V / R\)), kupita 1,000 amps ya nzembu idi ipita mu tshijengu tshia jumper-cable. Tshiamu tshia ndekelu tshiudi ulenga tshidi tshiela mvula wa tshiamu tshia mitaku, ne mishiku ya tshiamu tshia kukanga natshi idi mua kudisuika ku tshitekelu tshia bateri tshia plomb.
2. 3 too ne ku 15 sekonde: Aluminium wa tshiamu tshia mitaku (CCA) nkamba ya jumper idi inyanguka munda mua bilamba biabu bia PVC. Muishi mutoke ne mufike udi upatuka mu tshiamu tshia nzembu padi tshiamu tshia plastike tshienda tshinyanguka ne tshipatuka mu kapia ka mu mashinyi onso abidi.
3. Mushindu wa kukuba bintu bia mu mashinyi: Mu mashinyi a muntu udibu bashipe, nzembu udi upingana panyima kupitshila ku pont wa diode wa dilongolola wa alternateur (udi wenza mudimu bu tshintu tshipi tshidi tshifua mu bias wa panyima, misangu ya bungi ufuimisha alternateur mu tusunsa tukese) ne ututa Main Battery Fusible Link (80A bua 150A tshiamu tshia mitaku). Fuse wa mulambu eu mmuenza kudi bafumbi ba mashinyi bua kuela mu milisekonde mu tshikondo tshia dipingana dia mashinyi bua se: voltage wa panyima kafiki ne kunyanga tshiamu tshia mushinga mukole tshia Engine Control Unit (ECU) ne ordinatere ya airbag.

Dikosolola dia lukasa dia lukasa pikala nkamba idi ifuma mpindieu¶

Shi udi anu muele tshiamu tshinayi tshia tshiamu tshia nzembu ne nkamba idi yenza mutoyi, ifuma, anyi ikuata kapia:

1. Kudimuna mpala webe kule ne kukuba mêsu ebe ne diboko diebe anyi ne makalashi diakamue bua se: bateri udi utema udi mua kututa bua kapia.
2. Umbusha tshiamu tshia kukanga natshi tshidi tshilamakaja ku CHASSIS METAL GROUND (anyi tshiamu tshia kukanga natshi bateri tshidi kule menemene ne bateri mufue): Kufiki nansha kakese pa mutu pa bateri mufue udi ne gaz ne udi utema bua kukoka bipese biende bia ku ndekelu. Buikila tshianza tshiebe mu tshilamba tshiume, tshilamba tshia ku tshianza tshia dikoba, anyi tshilamba tshia kuowela natshi (mishiku ya tshiamu tshia mitaku idi mua kufika ku 300 degrés Celsius / 570 degrés Fahrenheit mu masekonde atanu ne kuenza bua kuosha tshianza tshia degré muisatu) ne koka nkamba ku luseke lua buloba bua tshiamu tshia motere anyi tshia donor mu tshienzedi tshimue tshia dipangadika.
3. Indila nansha minite 15 bua ma batterie onso abidi afike ku mashika ne uleke kupatula kapepe ka hydrogène kumpala kua kutangila fuse yonso anyi kulenga kabidi ma batterie.

Dilongolola dia ku muelelu kua njila: dilongolola dia mashinyi adi mafue 100% kunyima kua dipingana dia panyima¶

Padi muishi ujika kunyima kua disangisha dia tshitupa tshîpi, bendeshi ba mashinyi batu batamba kumona ne: mashinyi adi mufue tshishiki: kakuena miendu ya didimuija ku tshiamu tshia mashinyi, kakuena miendu ya munda mua nzubu, kakuena biamu bia njiwu, kakuena dikuma dia tshibangidilu, ne tshiamu tshia nzembu katshiena mua kukanga anyi kukangula biibi to, nansha mudi bateri muimpe muele bimpe. Kutshinyi ne kuela meji ne: ordinatere wa mashinyi mmunyanguke to; mu mashinyi 90 pa lukama a matuku etu aa, udi anu mupuekeshe tshintu tshia mulambu tshia Main Battery Fuse (Mega-Fuse / Fusible Link) pamue ne fuse ibidi anyi isatu mikese.

Mulongo wa malu a dikonkonona ne a diondopangana dia mu njila ku kakese ku kakese¶

1. Keba kazubu ka diabanya dia nzembu ka muinshi mua tshiamu tshia mashinyi (Kazubu ka fuse kanene): Patula kazubu ka tshiamu tshia mashinyi ne kangula kazubu ka fuse ka plastique mufiike kadi ku luseke lua batterie. Kudimuna tshibuikidiji tshia plastique bua kubala tshimfuanyi tshia karte ka fuse.
2. Tangila tshitupa tshinene ALT / BATTERY Fusible Link (80A, 100A, 120A, anyi 150A Fuse wa cartouche):
3. Keba fuse munene wa dididishi ditoke (anyi tshiamu tshia plastique tshitoke tshidi ne fuse ya bungi miela buludiludi pa Positive + tshiamu tshia kukanga natshi batterie nkayatshi pa mashinyi a Volkswagen, Audi, Ford, Nissan, ne Stellantis).
4. Tangila mu dididishi dia kuulu dia plastique mutoke ku diambuluisha dia toshete wa telefone webe. Shi tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku anyi tshia arjan tshidi munda mua dididishi tshikosolola mu bitupa bibidi, tshilue luya, anyi tshifiike ne lupuishi, tshintu tshinene tshidi tshienza mudimu watshi ne tshidifila bua kusungila ordinatere ya mashinyi ebe.
5. Bua tshinyi kuena mua kukoka tshintu tshinene 100A udi mua kupatula ne minu anyi bipese:
6. Bishilangane na 10-amp nansha 20-amp mikese ya 10-amp anyi 20-amp idi ikoka buludiludi mu bipese, ya Japon ya amperage munene (PAL / JCASE) ne wa ku Mputu (MIDI / MEGA) fuse minene idi ne maulu abidi a tshiamu adibu basuika panshi ku luseke muinshi mua tshibombi tshia plastique tshia fuse ku diambuluisha dia bibidi 8 mm anyi 10 mm hex bolts.
7. Kuena muanji kukuata ku mutu kua tshintu tshidibu basuike to 100A fuse munene ne pinces ne yank upward; udi mua kupatula tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku kuinshi kua kazubu ka fuse ne kukudimuna fuse wa dolare 12 bua kulua tshintu tshia $1,000 tshia kupingaja tshiamu tshia nshinga. Pamutu pa nanku, umbusha tshilamba tshia kuinshi tshia plastique tshia tshitekelu tshia fuse, umbusha bionso bibidi 10 mm bikunyibua bia ku luseke bidi bikuate maulu a fuse, ne upatule fuse munene udi mufume bimpe.
8. Tangila tshitupa tshibidi EFI / ECU / ETCS / RADIO / DOME mini-fuses: Panyima pa dishintulula dia tshiamu tshinene 100A/120A tshiamu tshia kusangila natshi (tshidi mu tshisalu tshionso tshia bintu bia mashinyi), koka ne tangila tshitupa tshikese 10A bua 25A fuse ya blade mifunda ne EFI (Electronic Fuel Injection), ECU-B / PCM, ETCS (Electronic Throttle Control System), ne DOME. Misangu mivule, tshibangidilu tshia kunyima tshidi tshikuma 10A ETCS fuse, udi wenza bua motere atuadije ne enze mudimu padiye kayi wenza mudimu kadi ubenga kuandamuna paudi ufina pedale wa esanse ("limp mode").
9. Tangila tshiamu tshia alternateur bua kumona muishi padibu bapingaja batterie bimpe: Misangu mikuabu, tshiamu tshia nzembu tshidi tshipingaja tshiamu tshia silicone tshidi munda mua pont wa tshiamu tshia nzembu mu circuit muipi wa kashidi. Paudi upingaja batterie ne polarite muimpe (+ bua +), tangila ne upuekesha mupuya wa alternateur (tshiamu tshia aluminium tshidi tshienza mudimu ne mukaba tshidi kumpala kua motere) mu tusunsa 30 tua kumpala. Shi tshiamu tshia nzembu tshitema diakamue, tshienza mutoyi, anyi tshipatula muishi wa nzembu nansha mudi tshifungu tshia nzembu tshijima, umbusha tshiamu tshia nzembu tshia batterie diakamue; tshiamu tshia alternateur tshidi tshienza mudimu muipi ne tshidi ne tshia kupatuka anyi kupingana kumpala kua batterie kuikalaye mulamakaja.

Mushindu umuepele muimpe wa kutuadija mashinyi: tshilele tshia 4-step chassis-ground¶

Bua kujadika ne: kapia kakapatuka pabuipi ne miaba idi gaz wa hydrogène mua kupatuka mu batterie mufue, ba-enjenyere ba mashinyi ne bibambalu bia malu a bukubi badi balomba bua kuenza 4-step remote chassis-ground connection sequence (tangila kabidi dilongolola dia lukasa dia ku muelelu kua njila):

Tshitupa 1: Dikonkonona dia bukubi dia kumpala kua disangisha¶

1. Teka mashinyi a mufidi pabuipi bua mionji kufika, kuyi ulekela bipese bia tshiamu bia mashinyi abidi bilengangana (bikala bipese bia mashinyi bilengangana ne mashinyi amue adi ne tshilema tshia buloba anyi wewe musabuka nkamba, dipetangana dia tshiamu tshia mashinyi didi dijikija circuit muipi).
2. Teka frein yonso ibidi ya kuimanyika mashinyi, ushintulule mu Park (anyi Neutral bua mikanda ya bianza), ne jima ignition pa mashinyi onso abidi.
3. Tangila bateri mufue: pikala nseke ya plastique mipatuke pambelu (electrolyte mu mashika), mitapuluke, ipatuka mâyi, anyi inunkila bu mayi mabole, IMANYISHA ne kuyi utuadija to.

Tshitupa 2: Lamakaja bipese binayi mu bulongame bua nomba ("Mufue Mukunze, Mufidi Mukunze, Mufidi Mukunze, Buloba Bufiike")¶

1. Clamp 1 (Red + ku bateri mufue +): Lamakaja tshintu tshimue tshia Tshikunze (+) tshikole pa Tshimpe (+) poste wa bateri mufue.
2. Clamp 2 (Red + ku bateri wa mufidi +): Lamakaja luseke lukuabu lua tshiamu tshia Tshikunze (+) pa Tshimpe (+) poste wa GOOD (donor) battery.
3. Clamp 3 (Black - ku bateri wa mufidi -): Lamakaja tshintu tshimue tshia Black (-) pa Negative (-) poste wa GOOD (donor) battery.
4. Clamp 4 (Black - ku motere wa tshiamu udi kayi mulengeja/tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia mashinyi tshidi tshifue): KUENA mua kulamakaja tshintu tshia ndekelu tshifiike (-) ku tshintu tshidi tshibi (-) post of the dead battery. Bu mudi tshiamu tshia 4 tshijikija tshijengu tshia nzembu, netshikale anu tshienza kapia kakese padibu batshikuma panshi. Pamutu pa nanku, ela tshianza tshia ndekelu tshia Black (-) pa tshiamu tshikole, tshidi katshiyi tshilengeja, tshiamu tshia alternateur, dîsu dia dibandisha dia motere, anyi tshiamu tshia tshibumba tshia suspension pa mashinyi adi mafue, adi **mutantshi wa santimetre 30 too ne ku 45 (12 too ne ku 18) kule ne mulongo wa mafuta ne wa mafuta.

Tshitupa 3: Tuadija mashinyi ne umbusha mu bulongame bua tshianana (4 - 3 - 2 - 1)¶

1. Tuadija motere wa mashinyi mimpe (mufidi) ne umulekele kayi wenza mudimu munkatshi mua minite 3 anyi 5 bua alternateur wende ateke charge wa pa mutu mu batterie mufue.
2. Tuadija motere wa mashinyi mufue. (Bikalabi kabiyi bienza mudimu kunyima kua tusunsa 5 tua diteta, imana ne unyungisha biamu bionso binayi bia kukanga nabi bua kujadika ne: menu abi adi aluma mu peinture anyi adi anyanguka mu tshiamu tshikezuke, windile minite 2, ne uteta kabidi).
3. Padi mashinyi adi ne bulema enda, umbusha biamu bia kukanga nabi mu BULOME BUA BUALU (4 -> 3 -> 2 -> 1):
4. Tshia kumpala, umbusha Clamp 4 (Mufiike - ku tshiamu tshia motere wa mashinyi mufue tshidi katshiyi tshilengeja panshi) nunku tshintu tshionso tshidi tshipatuka tshidi tshienzeka kule ne ma batterie onso abidi.
5. Tshibidi, umbusha Clamp 3 (Mufiike - ku batterie wa mufidi).
6. Tshisatu, umbusha Clamp 2 (Mukunze + ku batterie wa mufidi).
7. Tshinayi, umbusha Clamp 1 (Mukunze + ku batterie uvua mufue kumpala).
8. Kulekedi nansha kakese biamu bia kukanga nabi bikuatangana padi tshiamu tshionso tshitshidi tshilamakaja ku bateri.

Tshiamu tshia lithium-ion tshia kumbula tshia lukasa ne njiwu ya mushindu wa kupita¶

Tshiamu tshia ku bianza tshia 12-volt lithium-ion jump-starter packs (LiCoO2 anyi LiFePO4 battery boosters) badi ne bibombi bia bukubi bia smart-relay biteka pa nkamba yabu mikese idi itangila nkayayi bua kumanya ni polarite udi muimpe kumpala kua kulekela nzembu wenda. Ino, kwingidija bibi mukanda wabu wa "Boost / Override" button kudi kuleta njiwu mikole ya kapia ne ya dibutuka:

1. Bua tshinyi biamu bia meji bidi bibenga kuela ON padibi bilamakaja ku batterie wa 0-volt udi kayi ne tshintu: Tshiamu tshia meji tshia lithium tshidi tshieyemena bua kumvua nansha kakese 1.5V bua 3.0V ku batile wa mashinyi udi mufue bua kujadika ni tshiamu tshikunze tshidi tshitema + ne tshiamu tshia kukanga natshi tshifiike tshidi tshitema -. Shi batterie wa mashinyi eba mujimine too ne ku 0.0V, tshiamu tshia meji katshiena mua kumona polarite ne tshidi tshibenga bua kupesha biamu bia kukanga nabi bukole.
2. Njiwu ya kufina butone bua "Override / Force Boost": Paudi ufina ne ulama butone bua Override / Boost pa tshiamu tshia lithium jump pack munkatshi mua masekonde 3, bionso bia reverse-polarity, short-circuit, ne spark-proof bidi bijika, bidi bipangisha tshiamu tshia lithium tshidi tshipatuka buludiludi. Shi udi mu mpukapuka udi mupingane pa tshitupa tshia motere tshifiike paudi ufina pa Override, tshibombi tshia lithium nkayatshi netshienze circuit muipi diakamue, tshilue thermal runaway, ne tshipatule jet wa 700-degree-Celsius (1,300-degree-Fahrenheit) wa kapia ka lithium munda mua motere webe mu sekonde 5. Tangila misangu ibidi + ne - funda bimanyinu ne muendu kumpala kua kulenga butone bua Override.
3. Umbusha tshiamu tshia lithium mu masekonde 30 kunyima kua mashinyi mamane kutuadija: Padi motere wa mashinyi ubanga kutema, alternateur wende udi utuadija kupatula diakamue 14.2 bua 14.8 volts too ne ku 150 amps. Kushiya tshiamu tshia lithium tshia ku bianza tshilamakaja ku motere udi wenza mudimu munkatshi mua minite mikese kudi kuenzeja alternateur wa amperage munene bua kupingana mu biamu bia lithium, bienza bua tshiamu atshi tshikale tshikole, tshituta ne tshituta kapia. Umbusha tshiamu tshia kukanga nabi tshianza tshifiike diakamue panyima pa motere mumane kutuadija, ne kulama tshintu tshia lithium mu tshibombi tshia 65-degree-Celsius (150-degree-Fahrenheit) mu muvu wa été mudi kapia kanyangakaja biamu bia kutapulula nabi selile.

Nkonko itubu bela misangu ya bungi¶

Ntshinyi tshindi ne tshia kuenza tshia kumpala pikala bateri wa mashinyi mua kututa ne kutua aside wa bateri mu mêsu anyi?¶

Sukula diakamue mêsu eba ne mayi malenga munkatshi mua minite 15 anyi 30 eku mukuate bipese bia mêsu biunzulula ne minu yebe, ne lomba muntu mukuabu bua kubikila ku nimero ya njiwu ya muaba unudi (911, 112, anyi 999). Electrolyte wa mu bateri wa mashinyi udi ne 35 too ne ku 38 pa lukama ya aside sulfurique, udi mua kukufofomija kashidi mu tusekonde tukese wewe kuyi muwulengeje. Umbusha biamu bia kutangila nabi mêsu paudi wela mâyi, uteke mutu webe bua mâyi a kusukula apatuke mu dîsu didi kadiyi ditapike, ne KUENA mua kuela bicarbonate de soude anyi tshintu tshikuabu tshidi mua kunyangakaja dîsu diebe to, bualu tshienzedi tshia tshiamu etshi tshidi tshipatula kapia kadi kafila kapia kakole pa disu dia dîsu.

Bua tshinyi mashinyi anyi akajimija nzembu yonso kunyima kua meme mumane kuela nkamba ya jumper kunyima ku mpukapuka?¶

Padibu balamakaja nkamba ya jumper mu polarite wa dipingana (Mukunze ku Negative ne Black ku Positive), bafumbi ba mashinyi batu balama ordinatere wa motere wa mushinga mukole wa mashinyi (ECU) pa kuteka Main Battery Fusible Link (pa tshibidilu cartridge wa 80-amp too ne ku 150-amp udi muinshi mua kazubu ka fuse anyi buludiludi ku tshiamu tshia mashinyi) tshintu tshia kukanga nabi bateri) ku meso a tshiamu tshia nzembu. Fuse munene udi unzuluka mu tusunsa tukese mu tshikondo tshia dipingana dia panyima, udi ukosa 100 pa lukama ya nzembu ya tshiamu tshia mashinyi, ya tshiamu tshia mashinyi ne ya miendu. Kupingana pa muaba wa tshiamu tshinene tshia fusible tshidi tshifume (pa kupatula bipese biatshi bia ku luseke) pamue ne fuse mikese ya 10A/15A EFI anyi ETCS idi mifume kudi pa tshibidilu kupingaja mashinyi ku mudimu wende wa pa tshibidilu.

Bua tshinyi tshiamu tshia ndekelu tshia tshiamu tshia jumper tshifike tshidi ne tshia kuya pa tshiamu tshia motere tshidi katshiyi tshilengeja pamutu pa tshitekelu tshia batterie tshidi katshiyi tshimpe?¶

Ma bateri a mashinyi adi ne aside wa plomb adi apatula luya lua hydrogène ne oxygène ludi kaluyi lumueneka, ludi mua kututa bikole kupitshila ku bipese biawu bia ku mutu, nangananga padiwu apatuka anyi akuata. Bu mudi kulamakaja tshiamu tshinayi ne tshia ndekelu tshia tshiamu tshia nzembu tshidi tshijikija tshijengu tshia nzembu, misangu yonso tshidi tshipatula kapia kakese ka nzembu dîba didibu bapetangana. Kulama tshiamu tshinayi etshi pa tshiamu tshia mitaku tshidi katshiyi tshilengeja pa tshibumba tshia motere anyi pa tshibumba tshia strut pa bule bua santimetre 30 anyi 45 (12 too ne ku 18 inches) kule ne bateri kudi kuenza bua se: tshintu tshidi tshijika tshienzeke bimpe kule ne ditutu dia gaz wa hydrogène wa bateri.

Bua tshinyi bidi ne njiwu bua kuenza mudimu ne batterie wa mashinyi mufue mu muvu wa mashika?¶

Nansha mudi bateri wa mashinyi muwule tente kayi mua kukola too ne padi luya lupueka muinshi mua 60 degrés Celsius (minus 76 degrés Fahrenheit), electrolyte wa batterie mufue mujima udi ukudimuka mâyi a patupu ne udi ulua mashika a mashika pabuipi ne 7 degrés Celsius (20 degrés Fahrenheit). Divulangana dia mabue a mashika munda mua batile udi ne mashika didi ditshibula bipese bia plomb bia munda pamue mu circuit muipi ne dikanga miaba ya kuulu ya gaz; Shi udi ulamakaja nkamba ya jumper ku batterie udi mu mashika, nzembu ya lukasa idi ikuata gaz wa hydrogène muinshi mua bukole bua bungi ne yenza bua tshibuta tshia batterie tshiuwule tente ne neje tshitute bikole. Tangila misangu yonso bua kumanya ni kudi nseke mitumbuke anyi mabue a mashika kumpala kua kutuadija mu muvu wa mashika.

Miaba mifumina¶

• Tshilongelu tshia bena Amerike tshia malu a mêsu (AAO) ne Tshibambalu tshia bintu bidi ne buanga ne masama (ATSDR / CDC, États-Unis): Mibelu ya dilama dia aside wa sulfurique (\(H_2SO_4\)) Ocular and Dermal Chemical Burns.
• Tshisumbu tshia ba-enjenyere ba mashinyi (SAE International): SAE J537 ne SAE J1495 Mikenji ya dipatula dia luya mu bateri ya plomb-acide, ya dikuba dia kapia, ne ya dienza dia mudimu wa dijuka.
• Tshibambalu tshia bukubi bua njila ya ditunga (NHTSA, États-Unis) ne dikuba dia bufofo mu Amerike: Njiwu ya dibutuka dia bateri ya mashinyi, Dikuba dia kapia ka hydrogène, ne mikenji ya dikuba dia muntu nkayende.
• AAA (American Automobile Association) Roadside Assistance Technical Manual: Reversed Polarity Protection, Bolted PAL/MEGA Fusible Link Diagnosis, and Remote Jump-Post Procedures.

Malu adi apetangana¶

• Kuosha bikole ne diambuluisha dia kumpala dia disukula dia bintu bia tshimpitshimpi
• Disama dia mêsu ne diondapangana dia mêsu ne bintu bia tshimpitshimpi
• Dinyanguka dia tshiamu tshia nzembu, muendu wa didimuija dia bateri, ne dijimija dia nzembu butuku
• Batterie wa 12V wa mashinyi udi ne nzembu udi mufue ne mu njiwu ya tshimpitshimpi
• Dilongolola dia lukasa dia ku muelelu kua njila ne dijikija dia bilumbu
• Mukanda wa nomba ya tshimpitshimpi