Diesel Engine Runaway: Mushindu kayi wa kuimanyika mashinyi adi enda lubilu ne mafuta ende nkayende¶

Dinyema dia motere wa diesel (udibu babikila kabidi ne: dinyema dia dizeli didi kadiyi dilombola anyi dinyema dia luya lua mafuta) ndimue dia ku malu a tshikisu adi enzeka mu mashinyi a pa buloba anyi a mu mâyi. Bishilangane na motere wa esanse, udi ulomba kapia ka nzembu ka mu buji bua kutemesha mafuta ne wimana diakamue dîba diudi ujima tshifungu tshia kapia, **motere wa diesel udi utemesha kapia anu ku diambuluisha dia kapia ka luya lua mu tshibuelelu (**500 to 700 degrés Celsius / 290 to ne ku 290 degrés, to munda mua bibombi). Padi tshintu tshinyanguka, tshidi tshitamba kuikala tshiamu tshia mafuta tshia mu tshiamu tshia turbochargeur tshidi tshibutuka, crankcase muwule tente, diaphragme wa pompe wa esanse munyanguke, anyi ditutu dia pambelu dia gaz wa hydrocarbure udi mua kuosha, dibueja lupuishi lua mafuta anyi luya ludi mua kuosha buludiludi mu tshibuelelu tshia luya lua motere, motere udi utuadija kuosha mafuta ende nkayende padiye kayi ukokesha mafuta.

Dîba didi motere wa diesel ubuela mu tshijengu tshia diandamuna, kudimuna tshifungu tshia mudilu ku OFF anyi kufina START/STOP Butone kabuena buenza bualu nansha bumue: biamu bia kuela nabi mafuta bia ku nzembu mbimane kujima, kadi motere udi utungunuka ne kuenda lubilu kupita mulongo wende mutoke (4,500 RPM) mutangile ku 7,000 too ne ku 10,000+ RPM, wela mbila ne dîyi dikole padiye upatula tshimanu tshia mupuya mutoke-mufike ne mupuya wa mafuta mu tshina. Bualu motere udi wenda lubilu udi wenza mudimu ne pompe wende wa mafuta ne udi unyungulula turbocharger kupita 200,000 RPM, padi motere wenza lubilu lua bungi, udi upompa lukasa 5 too ne ku 15 litre (5,3 too ne ku 16 quarts) ya mafuta a mu tshina tshia mashinyi buludiludi mu cylindres. Udi anu ne sekonde 10 too ne ku 45 bua kuimanyika tshiamu tshia mashinyi, kupangisha 100 pa lukama ya oxygène udi ubuela mu tshibuelelu tshia luya, anyi kupatuka mutantshi wa metre 30 (100 feet) kumpala kua biamu bia disangisha nabi mashinyi kupitshila mu tshiamu tshia motere, mu tshiamu tshia mashinyi tshidi tshiendakana, anyi mu tshiamu tshia mashinyi Mafuta a 300-degree-Celsius (572-degree-Fahrenheit) adi atema kapia ka muinshi mua tshilamba. Shi mashinyi eba mu njila wa bantu bonso nansha akuata kapia, udi mua kubikila nimero ya lukasa lukasa ya muaba unudi (911 mu États-Unis ne Canada, 112 mu Union européenne mujima, 999 mu Royaume-Uni; tangila nomba ya tshimpitshimpi) ne kutangila Tshiamu tshia lubilu tshidi tshikanga, mashinyi adi munyema, ne dienda dia lubilu didi kadiyi dilongolola, Dinyanguka dia frein paudi wendesha, ne Dienza dia mazutu a dizeli ne mashika a DEF mu muvu wa mashika.

Enza nunku mpindieu¶

1. Kushintulula mu Neutral (N) diakamue pikala wenda lubilu mu mashinyi adi enda nkayawu (anyi ikala ne tshiamu tshia mashinyi tshienza mudimu ANYI bua kuimana pa muaba wa kuimana): Shi motere udi wenda ukola ne muishi mutoke anyi mufiike mu mashinyi adi ne transmission automatique, shintulula ku Neutral (N) bua kuimanyika dienda dia kumpala, ela frein pa dikaya, teka frein wa kuimanyika mashinyi, ne uteke tshiamu tshia kapia pa OFF.
2. Mu mashinyi adi ne tshiamu tshia ku bianza, enza mudimu ne "Top-Gear Brake Stall" mu tusunsa 5: Imana pa dikaya, ikala ne tshiamu tshia kapia OFF, fina frein wa ku makasa panshi ne bujitu buonso bua mubidi, teka frein wa kuimanyika, ushintulule mu 5e anyi 6e vitesse, ne lekela pedale wa embrayage musangu umue bua kuimanyika crankshaft ku 0 RPM.
3. Kukangula tshilamba tshia mashinyi nansha kakese pikala motere wenda wela mbila ku RPM mutantshi wa tusunsa 10 to ne ku 15: Ku lubilu lua bungi ludi kaluyi lulombola (6,000+ RPM), tshiamu tshia kulamakaja natshi mashinyi, nkata ya turbo, anyi tshiamu tshia nzembu tshidi mua kututa mu tshilamba tshia mashinyi bu tshiamu tshia nzembu. Umbusha muntu yense mutantshi wa metre 30 (100 feet) mu lupepele kunyima kua tshibumba.
4. Mu dienda dia kumpala (anyi dizele didi kadiyi dienda), jika tshiibi tshia kapepe ne tshiamu tshia \(\text{CO}_2\) tshia kujima kapia anyi tshiamu tshikole: Ela Carbon Dioxide (\(\text{CO}_2\)) fire extinguisher mu tshibombi tshia kapia anyi mu kazubu ka tshiamu tshia kuela natshi kapepe, anyi mu kazubu ka tshiamu tshia nzembu, tshiamu tshia mitaku tshikole tshilamba tshia panshi tshia tshiamu tshia caoutchouc tshikole, anyi tshilamba tshia dikoba tshisangisha** tshiteka pa mutu pa tshina tshia mâyi tshidi tshiunzulula.
5. KUTEKA tshianza tshieba anyi minu pabuipi ne tshiibi tshia kapepe ka diesel to: Ku 5,000 too ne ku 8,000 RPM, turbo diesel udi ukoka 14,000 too ne ku 34,000 litre ku minite (500 too ne ku 1,200 cubic feet ku minite) ya kapepe muinshi mua vacuum munene, udi mua kukoka mu tshianza tshiebe anyi mu tshiamu tshiebe tshia tshiamu tshia mashinyi.
6. Ikala mutoke too ne padi motere wimana ne ufika ku mashika, ne kutetshi bua kutuadija kabidi to: Nansha biobi bijika bimpe, bibombi bidi biuwule tente ne mafuta a motere (njiwu ya hydrolock) ne tshibombi tshidi mua kuikala tshitupu. Lekela mudilu OFF ne ubikile mashinyi a kukoka nawu bintu.

Mutshi wa mapangadika: disungula dia motere wa dizeli ne tshilele tshia kuimanyika¶

flowchart TD
    Start["Motere wa diesel udi wenda ukola bikole ne muishi mutoke, mutoke anyi mufike"] --> KeyOff["1. Tangila tshifungu tshia mudilu ku OFF (anyi ikala ne buto bua Start/Stop bua masekonde 3)"]
    KeyOff --> KeyCheck{"Motere uvua muimane pavua tshifungu tshijika anyi?"}
    KeyCheck -->|"Eyowa: Motere uvua muimane diakamue"| ElecFault["Tshiamu tshia tshiamu tshia nzembu tshia tshiamu tshia nzembu anyi tshiamu tshia panshi: Lama ne tangila tshiamu tshia nzembu"]
    KeyCheck -->|"Tòo: Motere udi utungunuka ne kuenda lubilu kupita Redline ne Key OFF"| TrueRunaway["MOTERE WA DIESEL UDI MUJIKIJA (Mafuta a Crankcase adi atema anyi luya lua pambelu)"]
    TrueRunaway --> TransCheck{"2. Mashinyi adi na Transmission wa mushindu kayi?"}
    TransCheck -->|"Tshiamu tshia ku bianza (ne tshiamu tshia embrayage)"| StopCar["Imana ku makaya, fika ku dimana, ne wimana pa tshiamu tshia frein ne bujitu buonso"]
    StopCar --> StallIt["Shintulula mu vitesse mutambe bunene (5 anyi 6) ne uleke pedale wa embrayage diakamue bua kuimanyika motere"]
    StallIt --> StallSuccess{"Tshiamu tshia mashinyi tshivua tshipangishe motere ku 0 RPM anyi?"}
    StallSuccess -->|"Eyowa: Motere mmufue"| LeaveInGear["Patuka mu vitese wa 6 ne frein wa mashinyi, patuka mu mashinyi, tangila kapia ka muinshi mua mashinyi"]
    StallSuccess -->|"Tòo: Embrayage mmunyanguke ne motere utshidi wela mbila"| StageCheck
    TransCheck -->|"Tshiamu tshia mashinyi, CVT, anyi Dual-Clutch"| ShiftNeutral["Shintulula diakamue ku neutral (N) bua kuimanyika dienda dia kumpala, frein ku dikaya, teka frein wa kuimana"]
    ShiftNeutral --> StageCheck{"3. Motere udi kale ku tshibungubungu tshia RPM (>5,000 RPM) anyi udi unua makanya bikole?"}
    StageCheck -->|"Eyowa: Dibutuka dia tshibumba anyi njiwu ya kapia"| EvacuateNow["KUKANGULA MUTU: Umbusha bantu bonso badi mu 30 Metres (100 Feet) ku lupepele ne ubikile 911 / 112 / 999"]
    StageCheck -->|"Tòo: Dinyema dia kumpala (<3,500 RPM) anyi Snorkel wa pambelu"| AirCut["4. Kujika tshiibi tshia kapepe: Ela tshiamu tshia kujima natshi kapepe tshia CO2 mu tshibuelelu tshia kapepe NANSHA kukanga tshiamu tshia nzembu ne tshilamba tshikole"]

Fizike ne mekanike ya diesel runaway: Bua tshinyi tshifungu tshia ignition katshiena mua kuimanyika¶

Bua kumvua bua tshinyi diesel udi unyema udi wenza mudimu bu tshintu tshidi tshidifila nkayatshi, fuanyikija mudi motere wa esanse (udi ufila kapia ka kapia) ne motere wa diesel (udi ufila kapia ka dikuma) bilombola lubilu lua motere (RPM):

"Diandamuna dimpe" dia didia dia mafuta a turbocharged¶

Ma 80 pa lukama a mashinyi a bantu badi mu njila, SUV, pickup, ne semi-truck ya dizele adi afumina ku dinyanguka dia tshiamu tshia turbocharger tshia mafuta:

1. Mafuta a motere adi abuela mu tshiamu tshia mashika: Tshiamu tshia mashinyi tshidi tshinyunguluka ku 100,000 too ne ku 250,000 RPM pa mafuta a mashinyi adi ne bukole (275 too ne ku 480 kilopascals / 40 too ne ku 70 PSI). Padi biamu bia tshiamu tshia mitaku binyanguka anyi tshikanga tshia labyrinth tshidi ku luseke lua compresseur (fresh-air intake) tshinyanguka, mafuta a motere adi ne bukole adi abuela mu nzubu wa compresseur.
2. Disangisha dia mafuta mu tshiamu tshia mashika ("The Hidden Reservoir"): Turbocharger udi unyanguka udi wela mafuta mu mbingu anyi ngondo ya bungi, udi usangisha 0.5 too ne ku 2.0 litre (0.5 too ne ku 2.1 quarts) ya mafuta a motere munda mua tshina tshia kuinshi tshia charge-air intercooler.
3. The Triggering Gust and Feedback Loop: Padi muendeshi wenda lubilu lukole pa tshibandilu tshia njila anyi ubanda pa tshibandilu, luya lua bukole ludi lupatula lupuishi lua mafuta ne lupuishi lua mafuta lua atome mu tshiamu tshia mashika mu tshiamu tshia mashinyi. Mafuta a motere adi atuluka munda mua bipese bionso, adi akolesha RPM wa crankshaft nansha padi Engine Control Module (ECM) upuekesha dibueja dia mafuta a diesel too ne ku zero milligrams ku stroke. Padi RPM ubanda kumbukila ku 2,500 too ne ku 4,500 RPM, pompe wa mafuta a motere udi wenza mudimu ne tshiamu tshia mashinyi udi unyunguluka lubilu, upompa mafuta a bungi mu tshibuikidiji tshia turbocharger tshidi tshifume, eku gaz udi upatuka wenda unyunguluka turbocharger lubilu, unyanga mafuta a bungi a mu crankcase mu cylindres too ne padi air ujika, tshiamu tshia crank tshidi tshikanga udi mupangile mu mashinyi, mafuta onso a 6 too ne ku 15 a motere adi ajika, anyi tshiamu tshia disangisha tshidi tshituta mu tshitupa tshia motere.

Bintu bionso 5 bidi bifikisha motere wa diesel ku dinyanguka¶

Mulongo wa malu a kuenza mu tshitupa ku tshitupa 1: Mushindu wa kuimanyika muntu udi unyema mu mashinyi adi ne transmission manuelle (The "Top-Gear Brake Stall")¶

Shi mazutu eba a diesele adi na transmission manuelle ne pedale wa embrayage, udi ne tshiamu tshia mashinyi tshidi tshilamakaja buludiludi ku tshiamu tshia motere. Bualu bua embrayage wa ku bianza udi ulama tshiamu tshia motere ku biamu bia mashinyi, dishilangana, ne nkata ya njila kupitshila ku biamu bia tshiamu tshikole, udi mua kupita bukole bua torque wa kapia ne frein ya nkata inayi ya mashinyi ebe:

1. KUFINYI tshiamu tshia embrayage panshi paudi wenda mu mashinyi to, anu wewe mudiakaje bua kuimanyika mashinyi: Lama mashinyi mu tshitupa tshia mashinyi paudi ukuma diakamue tshiamu tshia frein tshia mudimu bikole bua kukepesha lubilu lua mashinyi ne kukoka pa dikaya. (Wewe mufina tshiamu tshia embrayage panshi ku 100 km/h / 62 mph ne bujitu nansha bumue pa motere, RPM wa motere udi kayi ne bujitu neabandile kumbukila ku 3,000 RPM too ne ku 7,000+ RPM mu tusunsa tukese 2).
2. Kudimuna tshiamu tshia kutemesha natshi kapia musangu umue bua kupingana ku OFF (Kakuyi mpata LOCK): Kujima tshiamu tshia nzembu tshidi tshijadika ne: biamu bia nzembu mbijike bionso eku ulama tshiamu tshia kuendesha natshi mashinyi tshiunzulula too ne paudi wimana.
3. Imana mujima pa dikaya ne usungula vitese wa ku mutu (5 anyi 6): Padi mashinyi apuekesha lubilu lua 15 km/h (10 mph) pa dikaya, fina pa tshiamu tshia embrayage mu tshitupa tshîpi anu mutantshi mule bua kuela levier wa vitese mu vitese wa kumpala mutambe bunene (5 anyi 6, NEVER 1er ou 2e vitesse). Mu 1^st gear, transmission udi ufila 3.5:1 too ne ku 4.5:1 torque multiplication advantage ku motere, mbuena kuamba ne motere wa lubilu neapite bukole bua nkata yebe ya panyima anyi neoshe diske dia embrayage. Mu 5^th anyi 6^th gear (tshitupa tshia overdrive tshia pabuipi ne 0.7:1 too ne ku 0.8:1), tshienzedi tshia mashinyi tshidi tshipingana tshianyima bua kuambuluisha nkata ya njila ne frein idi kayiyi mimane.
4. Imana pa tshiamu tshia frein tshia mudimu ne bukole bua bungi, koka frein wa kuimana, ne uteke embrayage panshi: Fina frein wa makasa wa hydraulique bikole menemene bua se: bipese bionso binayi bia frein bikuate nkata bikole ku njila, koka frein wa ku tshianza, ne lekela pedale wa embrayage ne lukasa luonso mu tshienzedi tshimue (mu mushindu udi kauyi mua kunyanguka) kuata bitekete bitekete).
5. Kuata frein ne lekela transmission mu 6^th Gear bua sekonde 60 panyima pa yeye mumane kuimana: Dishintuluka dia nkata ne frein bidi bikanga nebikoke RPM wa motere buludiludi too ne ku 0 RPM ne dikankamika dikole. Padi ma cylindre atshidi akenka ku 600 degre Celsius (1,112 degre Fahrenheit) mu tusunsa 10 anyi 15 tua kumpala kunyima kua dijika, luya lua mafuta ludi lushala lukuate mu dikuma ludi mua kukuma crankshaft bua tshijengu tshikuabu pikala embrayage mupatuke lukasa. Lama dikasa diebe diteka pa frein ne mashinyi mu vitese wa 6 too ne padi motere ufua mupuwe munkatshi mua masekonde 30.

Mulongo wa malu 2: Tshia kuenza mu mashinyi adi ne tshiamu tshia automatique, tshia Dual-Clutch (DCT/DSG), anyi tshia CVT¶

Shi mashinyi eba a diesel, SUV, pickup truck, nansha mashinyi a bungenda adi na transmission automatique wa torque-converter, kuena mua kuimanyika motere ku diambuluisha dia frein ne transmission to bualu transmission automatique udi ulamakaja motere ne gearbox ku diambuluisha dia torque converter muwule tente ne mayi udi ne toque-converter udi ne lubilu lua 10,00,000 RPM. Kulama frein mu mashinyi (D) udi anu unyunguluka tshiamu tshia dishintulula dia torque ku tshiamu tshia turbine tshidi katshiyi tshienda ku 4000 RPM, wenza bua mayi a transmission automatique (ATF) ikale ne kapia kapite pa 250 degrés Celsius (482 degrés Fahrenheit) too ne padi bimanyinu bipatuka ne bipuekesha ATF udi mua kuosha kapia pa tshiamu tshia kupatula natshi luya.

Mukenji wa dituma dia bintu nkayawu:¶

1. Shift Immediately to Neutral (N): Dîba diudi umona ne: motere wa diesel udi wenda lubilu nkayende ne muishi mukole ne dibandisha dia tshiamu tshia mashinyi kadiena dienza bualu to, ela tshiamu tshia disungula natshi mashinyi mu Neutral (N). Kupatula tshiamu tshia mashinyi kudi kumbusha diakamue tshienzedi tshia kumpala tshidi tshisaka mashinyi ebe mu njila; mona Tshiamu tshia lubilu tshidi tshikanga, mashinyi adi munyema, ne dienda dia lubilu didi kadiyi dilongolola.
2. Utekesha mashinyi bikole mu dikuma dimue dia pa dikaya: Ela pa dikaya didibu balengeje ne mabue, wimanyika mashinyi, ushintuluke mu Park (P) paudi wimana, teka frein wa kuimana, ne uteke tshifungu tshia mudilu ku OFF (anyi kukuata START/STOP butona panshi bua sekonde 3 mijima).
3. Indila tusunsa tubidi bua kumona ni tshiamu tshia anti-shudder (ASV) tshidi tshiimanyika motere: Pabuipi ne motere yonso ya lelu ya bantu ne ya diesel mienza katshia mu 2005 too ne mu 2008 (Euro 4, Euro 5, Euro 6, ne US EPA 2007) idi ne ordinatere udi ulombola tshilamba tshia butterfly ku tshibuelelu tshia tshibuelelu tshia tshiibi tshidibu babikila ne: Anti-Shudder Valve (ASV) anyi Intake Manifold Flap. Mu tshikondo tshia dijika dia motere paudi ubalulula tshifungu ku OFF, ordinatere wa motere udi ukanga tshiamu etshi tshia butterfly 100 pa lukama tshikanga munkatshi mua tusunsa 3 to ne ku 5 bua kukosa kapepe ka mu tshibuelelu. Shi ASV udi wenza mudimu bimpa, udi mua kukudimuna tshifungu tshia mudilu ku OFF kunyima kua kuimana pa dikaya, udi mua kukanga tshilamba tshia kubueja natshi mâyi ne kushipa muntu udi unyema mu masekonde 2 anyi 3. ( Umanye ne shi EGR carbon sludge mukanga tshilamba, Fuse F8 udi mupuya, anyi valve ki mmujimine, motere neatungunuke ne lubilu).
4. Bikalabu bakudimune tshifungu OFF Bipanga:
5. Shi motere udi udi wela mbila ne muishi udi ufuma ku mpenga kua tshiamu tshia mashinyi: KUKANGULA TSHIBUTU. Kangula biibi bionso, umbusha muntu yonso udi mu mashinyi ne nyama wa tshisuku diakamue, enda metre 30 (100 feet) mu lupepele panyima pa tshibumba tshia kulama, ne ubikile bena mudimu ba diambuluisha dia lukasa lukasa (1 / 19 / 1999 999**).
6. Shi motere udi mu tshikondo tshia kumpala, tshitekete (tshienda tshienda lubilu lua 2,000 too ne ku 3,500 RPM) anyi muikale ne tshiamu tshia kuela natshi kapepe tshidi mua kufika pambelu: ndaku diakamue ku Dikanga dia kapepe (Plan wa mudimu 3) udi kuinshi eku.

Mulongo wa malu a kuenza 3: Mushindu wa kukanga tshiibi tshia kapepe (Dipanga dia oxygène)¶

Bualu bua kuosha munda mua tshiamu tshia mazutu tshidi tshikengela mafuta (mafuta a mu tshiamu tshia mashinyi) ne oxygène (lupepele lua mu tshibuelelu), dikosa dia oxygène didi diimanyika diesele udi unyema diakamue:

Njiwu ya panyima pa dinyema: Hydrolock, tshina tshia mâyi tshidi katshiyi ne tshintu, ne kapia ka mafuta ka turbocharger¶

Dîba didi dizelu didi dienda dijika, njiwu mikole ibidi idi ishala mu minite 15 idi ilonda:

1. Tshiamu tshia muinshi mua mashinyi ne kapia ka mafuta a DPF: Litre ya mafuta a motere adi kaayi ajika adibu bapompa mu tshiamu tshia turbochargeur tshikunze, tshiamu tshia dishintulula dia bintu, ne tshiamu tshia Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) ku **700 too ne ku 900 degrés Celsius (1,292 too ne ku 1,265,165 degrés) bidi mua kuosha lukasa mu kapia mu tusunsa 30 to ne ku 120 kunyima kua dijika. Lama tshilamba tshia ku mutu KUKANGA pikala muishi mukole mufike anyi mutoke upatuka mu tshilamba tshia ku mutu bua wewe kubenga kufila oxygène ku kapia ka munya.
2. Kuteta bua kubandisha anyi kutuadija kabidi motere panyima pa yeye mumane kunyema: Kubandisha motere panyima pa yeye mumane kunyema kudi kunyanga tshitupa tshia motere tshidi mua kusungidibua bua Cylinder Oil Hydrolock (100 to 300 millilitres / 3.4 to 10 ounces ya mafuta a motere adi kaayi mua kukosa adi apita mu cylindres idi pa mutu pa tshiamu tshia mitaku mionji ya disangisha pa tshiamu tshia kumpala; mona; Motoka munyanguke kudi mvula, motere mukanga, ne kapia ka nzembu ka mu mayi a mukele), tshibombi tshia mafuta tshia tshianana, anyi tshintu tshibidi tshia lukasa.

Nomba ya tshimpitshimpi ya mu tshijengu ne mikenji ya bibambalu¶

Nkonko itubu bela misangu ya bungi¶

Bua tshinyi diesel udi unyema udi upuekesha muishi mutoke anyi mutoke kumpala kua kuluaye mufike?¶

Padi mafuta a motere apita kumpala kua tshibuikidiji tshia turbocharger mu tshibuelelu, tshitupa tshia mafuta tshidi tshienda tshinyanguka kudi tshiamu tshia luya ne nzubu wa turbocharger mu ditu dikole dia muishi wa mafuta mutoke ne mupuya mukole wa mafuta muosha. Padi nzubu ya kapia ikola bikole ne motere wenda lubilu lupite pa 4500 too ne ku 6000 RPM, mafuta a motere adi apita adi atema munda mua biamu bia mashinyi adi kaayi ne oxygène, ne adi ashintulula luya lua kapia lufumina ku luya lua tshitoke tshitoke too ne ku luya lufiike lua bungi kumpala kua mashinyi kunyanguka.

Kukangula tshibuikidiji tshia mafuta anyi kukosa mulongo wa mafuta a dizeli kudi mua kuimanyika motere udi unyema anyi?¶

Tòo, anu pikala dinyema difumina ku tshitekelu tshia pompe wa dibueja dia mafuta tshidi tshilamakaja pa motere wa diesel wa kale udi kayi wa nzembu. Mu mafuta mapite pa 90 pa lukama a matuku etu aa, kuela tshifungu tshia kapia ku OFF kudi kujima biamu bia diesel bionso, ne motere kena kabidi uosha nansha ditontolola dia mafuta a diesel mu tshibombi to. Pamutu pa nanku, udi wosha litre 5 too ne ku 15 ya mafuta a motere adibu balame munda mua tshibombi tshia motere ne mu tshiamu tshia mashika, nunku dikosa dia mulongo wa mafuta a dizeli kadiena ne tshipeta nansha tshimue.

Shi ndi mupangile tshiamu tshia mashinyi tshidi tshienda tshienda mu vitesse 6, bua tshinyi tshiena ne tshia kuenza mudimu ne vitesse 1 anyi 2 pamutu patshi?¶

Biamu bia dituma nabi bintu bidi bienza mudimu bu tshiamu tshia torque pankatshi pa tshiamu tshia motere ne nkata ya njila. Mu 1st anyi 2nd gear, gearbox udi uvudija bukole bua motere misangu 3 to ne ku 4 ku nkata, bidi biumvuija ne diesel udi unyema ku 4,000 RPM neapite bukole bua frein yebe ya panyima, neanyungulule nkata ya diendesha, anyi nealengeje disque wa embrayage mu muishi. Kushintulula mu vitesse mutambe bunene (5 anyi 6) kudi kuteka transmission mu tshitupa tshia overdrive tshidi muinshi mua 1:1, binyanga motere wa lubilu bukole bua mashinyi nunku frein webe wa disque wa nkata inayi mikanga udi ukoka crankshaft ku zero RPM mu sekonde umue.

Bidiku bimpa bua kukoka tshiamu tshia batterie ku batterie wa 12-volt padi motere wa diesel wenda unyema anyi?¶

Tòo, kuena ne bua kubuela mu tshitupa tshia motere bua kumbusha bateri wa 12-volt padi mazutu a diesele enda to. Motere wa dizeli udi ne bukole bua nzembu udi ulomba bukole bua nzembu bua kufina kapepe ne kutemesha mafuta a mu tshiamu tshia mashinyi, nunku dikosa dia bateri kadiakuimanyika motere to, ne nedipangishe biamu bia mudimu bia bukubi bu mudi intake Anti-Shudder Valve (ASV) bua kukanga. Kuimana pa mutu pa tshiibi tshia motere tshidi tshiunzulula padi motere wa diesel wela mbila kupita mulongo wende mutoke kudi kabidi mua kukufikisha ku dipeta dia bipese bia mashinyi pikala tshiamu tshia kulamakaja natshi mashinyi tshituta mu tshitupa tshia motere.

Ntshimanyinu kayi tshia kumpala tshidi tshileja ne: turbo-diesel wanyi udi mu njiwu ya kunyema?¶

Tangila bimanyinu binayi bia didimuija: (1) mutoyi wa tshiamu tshikole anyi wa sirene udi ufumina ku turbocharger padi bukole buenda buvula ne bupueka; (2) dijimija dia mafuta a motere didi kadiyi diumvuika pa tshiamu tshia kupima natshi mashinyi kakuyi tshina tshidi tshimueneka mu njila webe (tshidi tshiumvuija ne: mafuta adi adisangisha munda mua tshiamu tshiebe tshia kumpala tshia mashika); (3) muishi wa mafuta wa bluish-gray pa dibanga dia mashika anyi pa dienda dia lubilu lukole; anyi (4) tshipiminu tshia mafuta a motere pa tshipiminu tshidi tshibandila pa mutu pa tshimanyinu tshia MAX ne tshidi tshinunkila bu mafuta a dizeli bua dipanga dia dilengeja dia DPF.

Tshishimbi tshia mashinyi anyi tshijadiki tshia tshiamu tshia nzembu netshikale tshikuba motere munyanguke kudi dizele anyi?¶

Shi mashinyi adi mu tshipungidi tshia tshiamu tshia mashinyi ne adi ne mikanda ya dilongolola idi ileja ne: tshiamu tshia mashinyi katshivua tshiuwule tente ne bianza to, dinyema didi difumina ku dinyanguka dia tshiamu tshia mafuta tshia turbocharger anyi dia injector wa DPF didi ditamba kuikala dibuikila bu dinyanguka dia tshipeta. Tshishimbi tshia mashinyi katshiena tshikuba dinyanguka dia munda nkayadi to, kadi pikala dinyema difikisha ku kapia ka motere anyi ku dikokangana padibu bakoka, kapia anyi dinyanguka dia dikokangana didi ditamba kuikala dikuba kudi mikenji ya dikokangana ne ya dikokangana.

Malu adi apetangana¶

• Tshiamu tshia lubilu tshidi tshikanga, mashinyi adi munyema, ne dienda dia lubilu didi kadiyi dilongolola
• Dienza dia mazutu a dizeli ne mashika a DEF mu muvu wa mashika
• Kapia ka mashinyi, luya muinshi mua tshilamba, ne bukubi bua tshilamba tshia ku mutu
• Motoka munyanguke kudi mvula, motere mukanga, ne kapia ka nzembu ka mu mayi a mukele

Miaba ne buludiki bua mbulamatadi¶

• Tshibambalu tshia malu a bukubi bua njila (NHTSA, mu États-Unis): Biro bia dikonkonona dia bilema (ODI) Dikonkonona dia malu a mbulamatadi adi atangila didia dia mafuta a motere wa Diesel wa Turbocharged, Disangisha dia mafuta a Charge-Air Cooler, ne lubilu lua motere ludi kaluyi lulombodibua.
• Mulombodi wa malu a bukola bua mubidi ne bukubi (HSE, Royaume-Uni) ne tshibambalu tshia malu a nzembu: Didimuija dia malu a bukubi ne buludiki bua malu a dikuba dia motere wa diesel ne dikuba dia kapepe kimpe (PASV) mu miaba idi mua kuosha kapia.
• Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA, United States) & Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE International): SAE J1995 / Commercial Diesel Powertrain Overspeed Failure Modes, Turbocharger Shaft Seal Integrity, and Manual Transmission Emergency Stall Procedures.
• Tshibambalu tshia malu a mpetu tshia matunga masanga tshia ku Mputu (UNECE): Mikenji idi itangila diluisha dia dizele dia mashinyi manene ne a bantu badi mu mashinyi, dienza dia tshiamu tshia dikanga dia mashinyi tshidi katshiyi tshinyunguluka, ne mikenji ya dipatuka mu tshimpitshimpi dia kapia ka mu njila.
• Allgemeiner Deutscher Automobil-Club (ADAC, Germany) & Royal Automobile Club (RAC, United Kingdom): Dieselmotor geht durch (Diesel Runaway due to Turbocharger Failure or DPF Oil Dilution): Driver Survival and Breakdown Protocols.