UPS Battery Swelling and Rotten-Egg Hydrogène Sulfide Gas: Kupatula tshiamu tshia mudimu tshia kapia¶

Kubuela mu biro biebe bia kumbelu anyi mu tshilaminu tshia bintu bua kumvua tshiamu tshiebe tshia mudimu tshidi katshiyi tshinyanguka (UPS) tshipatula dîyi dia alarme dikole ne dikole paditshi tshiuja nzubu ne mupuya mubi wa mayi mabole anyi wa mâyi a bukoya adi kaayi malongolola kudi ne lukasa lua bungi lua bintu bidi mua kunyangakaja ne kapia. Mupuya wa sulfure udi mushilangane udi hydrogène sulfure (\(\text{H}_2\text{S}\)) gaz musambakaja ne hydrogène (\(\text{H}_2\)) gaz ne acide sulfurique (\(\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4\)) udi ufila kapepe mu tshinyangu tshikole tshia dikuba dia val Batterie wa plomb-acide (VRLA) udi mu thermal runaway. Wewe mushiye UPS mu tshiibi tshia ku tshimanu padi tshiamu tshienda tshia munda tshitungunuka ne kupompa nzembu mu tshiamu tshia batterie tshidi tshienza mudimu muipi, tshibuta tshia batterie tshia plastique netshinyanguke ne netshipatuke pambelu, tshikanga cartouche munda mua tshiamu tshia mitaku, anyi tshintu tshia munda tshidi mua kutemesha gaz wa hydrogène mu tshibombi tshia batterie tshidi tshituta bikole.

Shi muntu nansha umo udi mu nzubu udi ne tshiji, mutu usama, tshifu, dipanga dia mupuya, disama dia mêsu, anyi disama dia tshiadi, umbuke muaba au diakamue ne ubikile ku nimero wa njiwu wa muaba unudi (911 mu États-Unis ne Canada, 112 mu Union européenne, 999 mu Royaume-Uni; mona; nomba ya tshimpitshimpi). Wewe mumone lubimbi lua kapia, muishi, anyi kapia kafumina mu tshiibi tshia UPS, londesha tshietu kapia ka nzembu ne kapia mu nzubu protocole ne kuyi usemena pabuipi ne tshisumbu. Bua bintu bidi ne kapia, bidi bienza mutoyi, anyi bidi ne mupuya wa sulfure kabiyi ne kapia, londa ndondo wa ditapulula dia nzembu ne wa luya udi kuinshi eku kumpala kua kulenga tshitupa tshia bateri, ne enza tshilejilu PSU capacitor pop, 12VHPWR connector melt, and electrical burning smell in PC ne tshisanji tshia kumbula tshia batterie ne bukubi bua bintu bia mudimu bua kusunguluja dipatuka dia gaz wa plomb-acid ne dinyanguka dia tshiamu tshia PC anyi dia batterie wa lithium-ion.

Enza nunku mpindieu¶

1. Umbusha bana, nyama ya mu nzubu, ne bantu bonso badi mu nzubu diakamue ne kangula madidishi ne biibi bia pambelu. Hydrogène sulfure (\(\text{H}_2\text{S}\)) i tshintu tshidi ne bujitu bua bungi kupita luya tshidi tshipueka panshi mudi nyama ya mu nzubu ne bana batekete bapuyakana. Didi kabidi dipangisha mijilu ya muntu idi imvua mupuya mu minite 2 anyi 5 ya dikalaku dikole, dikushima bua kuela meji ne: mupuya mmujike padi bungi bua gaz buenda buvula.
2. Kosa nzembu ya AC NE ujime inverter wa UPS DC. Tangila tshiamu tshia nzembu tshia mu nzubu mu tshiamu tshieba tshia nzembu ku OFF, anyi koka tshingoma tshia UPS AC buludiludi ku tshiibi tshia ku tshimanu paudi ulama mupuya webe. Bualu bua kumbusha tshingoma tshia ku tshimanu nkayatshi kudi kuenza bua UPS udi ne muoyo ashintuluke mu Battery Inverter Mode ne utungunuke ne kukoka nzembu mikole mu batterie udi utema, diakamue fina ne ikala ne buto bua kumpala bua Power / Off munkatshi mua tusunsa 3 anyi 5 too ne padi UPS ujima bionso ne LED yonso ifika mu mîdima (anyi ** Battery rect connection ** Jumper).
3. Kuena ne bua kutemesha tshiamu tshia nzembu, tshiamu tshia ku plafond, anyi tshiamu tshia aspirateur tshidi katshiyi ne buloba mu kazubu kakese kakanga kadi ne mupuya wa mai mabole to. Pamo na hydrogène sulfure, batterie wa plomb-acide udi ne bukole bua bungi udi upatula gaz wa hydrogène mukezuke (\(\text{H}_2\)), udi mua kututa mu lupepele (4% to 75% ku volime) ne udi utema ku tu-mashinyi tukese tua statique anyi tua switch. Kumpala enza mudimu ne lupepele lua pa tshibidilu, pashishe teka tshiamu tshia ventilateur ku tshiibi tshiunzulula tshidi tshipuekesha kapepe kimpe mu nzubu ufumina mu tshiibi tshikezuke.
4. KUTEKA, kukangula, anyi kuteta bua kupatula bateri padi tshiamu tshia UPS tshimvua luya (above 40 degrees Celsius / 104 degrees Fahrenheit) anyi paudi umvua mutoyi anyi mutoyi. Bateri wa VRLA udi utema udi ne aside wa sulfurique wa kapia (90 to 115 degrees Celsius / 194 to 239 degrees Fahrenheit) ne luya lua aside mu tshienzedi. Lekela tshiamu tshidi katshiyi ne nzembu, tshidi katshiyi ne nzembu mu nzubu udi ne kapepe munkatshi mua mêba 6 too ne ku 12 too ne paditshi tshijika bimpe menemene too ne ku luya lua mu nzubu.
5. Vuala bianza bia nitrile anyi neoprene bidi kabiyi binyanguka kudi bintu bia tshimpitshimpi, manyanu a bukubi adi ajika, ne bilamba bia maboko male kumpala kua kunzulula tshiibi tshia bateri. Mupuya mutoke, wa jaune anyi wa vert udi munyunguluke tshiibi anyi tshibombi udi sulfate wa plomb udi kayi ne mâyi ne aside wa sulfurique udi unyanguka diakamue udi unyanga dikoba ne dinyanguka dia lukasa.
6. Kuena ne bua kupatula tshiamu tshia batterie tshia plastique tshidi tshiuwule ne tshikole mu tshiamu tshia UPS ne tshiamu tshia tournevis anyi ne muele to. Kuela tshimanu tshia batterie wa plastique wa ABS tshidi tshilengeja kudi kapia ne tshiamu tshia mitaku kudi kutapa tshitupa tshitekete, kuela aside wa sulfurique anyi kuenza bua mabeji a plomb adi munda mua tshiamu tshia UPS (200 to 500 amps arc flash). Shi batterie mmukanga kashidi munda mua tshibombi tshia tshiamu, enza mudimu ne UPS mujima bu tshintu tshia njiwu tshia ku nzembu.

Mutshi wa dipangadika: mupuya wa diyi dibole dia UPS, tshimanyishilu tshidi tshitungunuka, ne disungula dia bateri muvula¶

Ingidija tshimfuanyi etshi bua kumanya ni udi ne tshia kupatuka ne kubikila bena mudimu ba kapia, kulekela tshiamu etshi tshifike ku mashika, kupatula tshiamu tshia mudimu, anyi kulekela tshiamu tshijima tshia UPS.

flowchart TD
    A["UPS wa pa mesa anyi wa tshiamu tshia mudimu udi upatula mupuya wa diyi dibole, mutoyi udi utungunuka, anyi kapia kakole"] --> B{"Muishi udi umueneka, lubimbi lua kapia, plastike wa pambelu udi unyunguluka, anyi bimanyinu kudi bantu badi mu nzubu (disama dia mutu, tshifu, disama dia mêsu)?"}
    B -->|"EYOWA: Kapia/muishi anyi bimanyinu bia bantu"| C["Umbuka mu nzubu diakamue, kanga tshiibi panyima pebe, ne ubikile bena mudimu ba diambuluisha dia lukasa lukasa (911 / 112 / 999)"]
    B -->|"TSHIENA: mupuya wa sufre wa diyi dibole, tshibombi tshia kapia, anyi tshiona tshia tshilema tshidi tshitungunuka anu"| D["Lama mupuya, kangula madidishi/biibi bia bungi, umbusha UPS ku tshibuelelu tshia AC, ne ikala ne buto bua UPS Power mu tusunsa 5 too ne padiye ujima"]
    D --> E["Patuka mu nzubu ne lekela mêba 6 too ne ku 12 a kapepe too ne padi tshitupa tshia pambelu tshia UPS tshifika ku mashika a mu nzubu (20 too ne ku 25 degrés C)"]
    E --> F{"Padi mashika onso: Vuala bianza bia nitrile ne makalashi a bukubi, kangula tshibuikidiji tshia bateri, ne tangila bateri"}
    F -->|"Bateri udi upatuka bimpa ne zero anyi bikese bia ku luseke"| G{"Le bipese bia bateri bia tshiamu anyi mionji ya munda ya UPS idi minyanguke ne tshitupa tshia acide tshitoke anyi tshia vert anyi?"}
    G -->|"Kakuyi dinyanguka: Nsinga mikezuke ne tshiamu tshia kuela natshi bintu tshidi katshiyi tshinyanguke"| H["Lamba tshiamu tshia nzembu tshia nzembu, uya natshi ku tshiamu tshia lead-acid, ne uteka tshintu tshipiatshipia tshia VRLA tshidi tshileja UL"]
    G -->|"Eyowa: Dipatuka dia aside wa bungi pa PCB anyi pa tshiamu tshia nzembu tshidi tshinyanguke"| I["Umbusha bintu bidi bipatuka pa mutu pa buloba ne bicarbonate de soude, KUENJI mudimu kabidi ne UPS (tshiamu tshia kuendesha natshi bintu tshidi tshinyanguke), enza kabidi mudimu ne tshiamu tshijima"]
    F -->|"Bateri mmuvula bu tshilamba tshia kulala ne mmukuate bikole munda mua tshiibi tshia tshiamu tshia UPS"| J["KUENA BIDIMU NE BIDIMU BIA MUTU: Teta kukoka tshilamba tshia nylon anyi kumbusha bipese bia pambelu bia tshiamu tshia mitaku"]
    J --> K{"Tshiamu tshia pambelu tshidi tshipatuka bimpe bua kupatula bukole anyi?"}
    K -->|"Eyowa: Mupikudibua kayi ne tshilumbu"| L["Kuela tshiamu tshia kukanga natshi, kuela batterie mu tshibombi tshikole tshia polyéthylene, ne kupingaja tshiamu tshijima tshia UPS (tshidi mua kuikala tshilema tshia tshiamu tshia charger)"]
    K -->|"Tòo: Kazubu ka tshiamu tshia mitaku anyi tshiamu tshia plastike tshilengeja"| M["Lekela bateri munda mua tshiamu tshia mashinyi, teka UPS mujima mu tshibombi tshia plastique tshikole, ne wangate tshiamu tshijima ku nzubu wa bintu bia bukoya bia mu nzubu (HHW)"]

Kumvua tshimuma ne fisike: bua tshinyi UPS wa ku mesa udi ununka bu mai mabole¶

Pabuipi ne biamu bionso bia UPS bia bantu badi basumba bintu ne bia midimu mikese bienza kudi APC (Schneider Electric), CyberPower, Eaton, Tripp Lite, ne Vertiv bidi bienza mudimu ne 12-volt Valve-Regulated Lead-Acid (VRLA) batteries, nangananga Absorbed Glass Mat (AGM) sealed ledge-acid (bu mudi 12V 7Ah anyi 12V 9Ah mabwe). Nansha mudibu bapanyisha bu "bakanga" ne "kabayi ne bua kulongolola," ma batterie a VRLA adi anu makanga mu tshikondo tshia bukole bua tshiamu tshia nzembu (below 7 to 35 kilopascals / 1 to 5 psi) ne udi ne tshiamu tshia caoutchouc tshiamu tshimue tshia Bunsen tshia dikuba dia bukole tshisokome muinshi mua tshilamba tshia kuulu tshia plastique.

1. Tshiamu tshia nzembu tshia munda tshia bidimu 3 to ne ku 5¶

Munda mua batterie wa 12-volt AGM mudi ma cellule asambombo a 2.0-volt a plomb-acid misangisha mu mulongolongo (6 x 2.0V = 12.0V nominal, udi ne bukole bua bungi ku voltage wa 13.5V to 13.8V DC). - Kunyima kua bidimu 3 too ne ku 5 muinshi mua mesa a kapia, bipese bia plomb-dioxide (\(\text{PbO}_2\)) bidi binyanguka ne bivula, anyi umue wa ku selile isambombo udi uyuma ne wenza circuit muipi wa munda mua tshiamu tshia nzembu. - Padi tshitupa tshimue tshijika (tshipatuka ku 2.27V too ne ku 0.0V), bukole buonso bua batterie budi bupueka ne 2 volts. - Bualu tshiamu tshia UPS tshia pa mesa tshidi tshilongolola ku 13.6V to 13.8V ne kena utangila selile umue umue to, udi ubandisha nzembu ne wenzeja mudimu mujima 13.8V mu maselile atanu adi mashale (2.76V per cell pamutu pa 2.27V).

2. Electrolyse, exothermic heat, ne thermal runaway¶

Padi bukole bua selile bupita tshipiminu tshia gassing (2.40V to 2.45V per cell ku 25 degrés Celsius), disangisha dia oxygène dia pa tshibidilu munda mua tshilamba tshia fibre de verre didi dinyanguka: 1. Exothermic Reaction Spiral: Bukole bua nzembu budi bupita bungi budi bukudimuka bu kapia munda mua tshiamu tshia nzembu (\(\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4\)). Bualu bateri wa plomb-acide udi ne ditantamana dia munda dikese, padiye wenda ukola, udi ukoka mudimu wa bungi ku tshiamu tshia UPS, udi wenza bua acide ikale ne kapia lukasa. 2. Difuka dia aside ne \(\text{H}_2\text{S}\) Difuka: Padi luya lua munda mua selile lupita pa 60 too ne ku 90 degre Celsius (140 too ne 194 degre Fahrenheit), mayi adi apueka ne aside sulfurique mukola udi wenza mudimu ne tshiamu tshia plomb tshidi tshipita bukole, tshidi tshikepesha sulfate (SO4) mu gas wa hydrogène sulfure (\(\text{H}_2\text{S}\)) pamue ne gas wa hydrogène udi ututa (\(\text{H}_2\)) ne oxygène (\(\text{O}_2\)). 3. Valve Pop ne ABS Case Ballooning: Internal pressure pops unzulula valves de relief de caoutchouc ne hiss anyi whistle mutekete, upatula kapepe ka diyi dibole mu nzubu webe eku **ABS plastic battery shell udi uteketa ku 85 too ne ku 100 degrés Celsius (185 too ne ku 2122 degrés) ne mutangile ku 85 degrés Celsius, ne pambelu udi ulamakaja bikole ku tshiamu tshia UPS.

Difuanyikija dia njiwu ya gaz: VRLA UPS thermal runaway emissions¶

Mukenji wa dikanga dia tshimpitshimpi ne dilengeja dia bukoya mu nzubu¶

Tshitupa 1: Dikuba dia lukasa dia muntu nkayende ne dipepula dia kapepe (Sekonde 60 ya kumpala)¶

1. Kusomba ku mesa eba bua kulama mikanda anyi kuenza mudimu muimpe wa dikanga dia OS pikala nzubu mupuya mukole wa mayi mabole.
2. Kangula madidishi onso a pambelu ne biibi mu njila wa kupatuka bua kuenza bua lupepele lupita.
3. Umbusha nyama ne bana panshi: Bualu hydrogène sulfure udi 19 percent kupita kapepe ka mu nzubu, nyama wa mu nzubu anyi muana udi panshi ku luseke lua UPS udi muinshi mua mesa udi upuekesha luya lua bungi lua \(\text{H}_2\text{S}\) kupita muntu mukulumpe muimane.

Tshitupa 2: Kujikija mudimu wa nzembu (Kuimanyika kua tshimanu tshia AC + DC Inverter)¶

Kukoka tshingoma tshia nzembu mu tshiibi tshia ku tshimanu paudi ushiya UPS muteka ON kudi kuenza bua tshiamu etshi tshiteke DC-to-AC inverter ON, tshikoka 10 to 40 amps wa dipatuka dia nzembu mu tuselile tua batterie tudi tuenda tukola. Londa Two-Step De-Energization Sequence eyi: 1. Umbusha tshingoma tshinene tshia AC tshia UPS ku tshibuelelu tshia ku tshimanu (anyi ushintulule tshiamu tshia mu nzubu mu tshiamu tshieba tshia nzembu pikala tshingoma tshidi panyima pa tshintu tshidi tshienza mutoyi). 2. Diakamue, fina ne kulama butone bua UPS Power budi pa tshizubu tshia kumpala munkatshi mua tusunsa 3 anyi 5 too ne padi tshiamu tshinene tshia munda tshiunzuluka ne miendu yonso ya ku tshibuelelu tshia kumpala ilua mîdima: - APC Back-UPS / Smart-UPS: Kuata butone bunene bua Power On/Off bua sekonde 4 too ne padi tshiona tshibidi tshijika, pashishe uleke (ne ukoke Yellow Anderson Battery Connector wa panyima bikalabi ne tshintu). - CyberPower / Eaton / Tripp Lite: Kuata butona bua POWER mu tusunsa 3 to ne ku 5 too ne paudi umvua tshiona ne LCD/LEDs ijima bionso.

Tshitupa 3: Tshikondo tshia 6 too ne ku 12 tshia mêba a mashika¶

1. Lekela UPS udi kayi ne nzembu, kayi ne nzembu mu nzubu udi ne kapepe (ne madidishi mabulule ne ventilateur udi upuekesha kapepe kimpe ufumina mu tshisasa tshitangile ku dididishi) munkatshi mua mêba 6 anyi 12.
2. Kumpala kua kulenga tshiibi tshia batterie, teka tshianza tshiebe tshidi ne tshianza tshia panshi mu tshitupa tshîpi ku luseke lua pambelu lua plastique anyi lua tshiamu tshia UPS:
   • Shi tshilamba tshitshidi anu tshiumvuika tshikole anyi tshikole (above 30 degrees Celsius / 86 degrees Fahrenheit), windile mutantshi mule. Bindile too ne padi tshiamu tshijika (20 to 25 degrees Celsius / 68 to 77 degrees Fahrenheit).

Kujingulula tshiona tshia UPS tshidi katshiyi tshijika, tshiona tshia alarme, ne kode ya bilema¶

Kabiena bionso bia UPS bidi mu thermal runaway to, kadi tone yonso udi kayi ujika anyi tshiona tshia lukasa tshia dipanga dia batterie tshidi tshienda pamue ne kapia bidi bikengela kuenza bualu kampanda diakamue. Ingidija tshibambalu etshi tshia tshikebelu tshia APC, CyberPower, Eaton, ne Tripp Lite:

Mushindu kayi wa kupatula batterie mufuba, mupangile mu tshiamu tshia UPS¶

Padi batterie wa VRLA upita munda mua APC Back-UPS, APC Smart-UPS, anyi CyberPower tower, nseke yende mibalakane ya rectangle (151 x 65 x 94 mm / 5.94 x 2.56 x 3.70 inches bua a 12V 7Ah/9Ah brique) tshintu tshidi tshipatuka pambelu pa 5 too ne ku 15 milimetre (0.2 too ne ku 0.6 inches). Bu mudi tshibombi tshia munda tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku anyi tshia plastike tshidi munda mua UPS tshidi anu ne 1 anyi 2 millimètres ya bule, tshiamu tshia batterie tshidi tshiuwule tshidi tshikanga munda mua UPS anu bu tshilamba tshidi munda mua mulondo. Kukoka tshiamu tshia plastique tshitoke kudi anu kukoka tshilamba.

Londa Safe Non-Prying Extraction Protocol eyi padi UPS mumane kupatuka ne mumane kuikala ne mashika bu dibue munkatshi mua mêba 6 anyi 12:

1. Bintu bia kudikuba nabi bidi bikengedibua (PPE)¶

• Biamu bia ku bianza: Bidi kabiyi bikuata kudi bintu bia tshimpitshimpi bia ku bianza bia nitrile, butyl, anyi neoprene (kuvuadi bia ku bianza bia tshilamba tshia butoke to, bidi bikuata aside wa sulfurique wa mâyi ku dikoba diebe).
• Dikuba dia mêsu: ANSI Z87.1 / EN 166 mashinyi a tshimpitshimpi.
• Muaba wa mudimu: Ela UPS udi ne mashika pambelu anyi mu nzubu wa mashinyi udi ne luya ne umuteke pa kazubu ka karton kadibu balengeja ne tshibombi tshia bukoya tshia plastike ne kazubu ka bicarbonate de soude (bicarbonate de sodium) pabuipi apu.

2. Kupatula nshinga ya terminal bimpe¶

1. Umbusha tshibuikidiji tshia plastique tshia muaba wa bateri.
2. Kuata tshibombi tshia plastike tshia F2 (6.35-mm / 0.250-inch) push-on spade connectors (anyi wenze mudimu ne pinces insulated needle-nose pa tshiamu tshia spade lug nkayatshi, kuyi ukoka nansha kakese tshiamu tshia insulation tshia wire) ne unyungulula tshintu tshia kulamakaja natshi bitekete bitekete ku luseke ne ku luseke bua kutshipatula ku Negative (- Black) terminal kumpala, pashishe Positive (+ Mukunze) terminal.
3. Shi bipese bya munda mua tshina too ne padi batterie upatuka munkatshi, kufiki munda mua tshina tshia mîdima ne biamu bia mudimu to.

3. Kulekela batile udi ne tshiamu tshia mitaku pa kukangula tshibuikidiji tshia pambelu tshia UPS (Kakuyi mpata nansha kakese)¶

1. Kuena ne bua kuela tournevis wa tshiamu tshia mitaku, tshiamu tshia kuela natshi bintu anyi tshingoma pankatshi pa bateri wa plastique muwule ne tshiamu tshia UPS to. Kutobola tshimanu tshia plastique tshia ABS kudi kuela aside wa sulfurique anyi kuenza mudimu ne +12V/+24V tshibuelelu tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku tshidi panshi.
2. Sunguluja tshiamu tshia Clamshell / Cage Screws: Keba tshiamu tshia 4 too ne ku 6 tshia Phillips-head case tshidi tshikuata bitupa bibidi bia tshiamu tshia UPS tshia pambelu (anyi tshiamu tshia munda tshia tshiamu tshia batterie) pamue. Sunguluja anyi umbusha bipese bia pambelu bia 5 too ne ku 10 millimètres (0.2 too ne ku 0.4 inches) bua bitupa bibidi bia tshibuta tshia UPS bitangalake kakese ne bilekele dikuata diabi dia batterie muwule.
3. Koka ne tshilamba tshia nylon tshipepele: Ela tshilamba tshia nylon tshipepele, zip-tie mukole, anyi tshilamba tshia duct tape ku ndekelu kua batterie ne ukoka buludiludi ne bukole budi kabuyi bushintuluka.
4. Bikalabi bikanga munda mua tshitekelu tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku (APC Smart-UPS RM): Imana diakamue. Kokayi marto, kuela, anyi kuela batterie wa plomb-acide mufuba mu tshibombi tshia tshiamu tshia mitaku. Lekela bateri munda, ukanga tshiibi ne tshilamba, ufunda "SWOLLEN LEAD-ACID BATTERY - DO NOT PLUG IN", ne wangate tshitupa tshijima ku nzubu wa bintu bia bukoya bia mu nzubu (HHW).

4. Kujikija dipatukila dia aside sulfurique ne tshitupa tshia sulfate mutoke¶

Wewe mumone mafuta matoke anyi lupuishi lutoka/lutoke-lutoka pa tshitekelu tshia ma batterie: 1. Sangila 3 bipese bia bicarbonate de soude (bicarbonate de sodium, \(\text{NaHCO}_3\)) ne ndambu wa mayi mu tshintu tshia kuela (anyi ela bicarbonate de soude muume buludiludi pa matonsi a aside). 2. Muaba wonso udi bicarbonate de soude ulenga acide sulfurique, udi unyanguka padiye ukudimuna \(\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4\) udi unyanguka mu sodium sulfate, mayi ne dioxyde de carbone. 3. Sukula tshintu tshidi tshishala ne mabeji maume, tshisuike ne bilamba biebe bia mudimu munda mua tshibombi tshinene tshia plastike, ne wowa bianza biebe ne nsabanga ne mayi.

Udi ne tshia kuela bateri mupiamupia mu UPS wa kale anyi, anyi kupingaja UPS mujima?¶

Wenza mudimu ne 4-Point UPS Reuse vs. Retirement Checklist kumpala kua kusumba bateri mukuabu:

• Tangila 1: Bateri wa kale uvua muvula bikole, mupuya, anyi mupatule mupuya wa diyi dibole anyi? Mu malu mapite pa 60 pa lukama a dinyema dia luya, tshiamu tshia nzembu tshidi tshienda tshienda anyi tshienda tshikepela munda mua tshiamu tshia UPS tshidi tshipompa 15V to 18V (pamutu pa 13.6V) mu batile. Kuteka bateri mupiamupia mu UPS udi ne tshiamu tshia kuela natshi mudimu tshinyanguke nekuenze bua bateri mupiamupia ikale ne kapia mu mbingu mikese. Ikala ulekela ne upingaje UPS mujima dîba dionso didiku dikola dikole anyi dipatuka dia gaz wa diyi dibole.
• Tangila 2: Tshiamu tshia UPS tshidi ne bidimu bipite pa 6 to ne 8 anyi? Biamu bia munda bia electrolytique ne bia surge varistors bidi binyanguka kunyima kua matuku abidi a muoyo wa batterie. Tangila tshimanyishilu tshia dituku dia dienza tshidi kuinshi ne upingaje tshiamu tshijima pikalatshi tshipita bidimu 7.
• Tangila 3: Pima bukole bua tshiamu tshia nzembu ne tshiamu tshia multimètre (13.5V to 13.8V DC): Shi batterie wa kale mufue bitekete bitekete kayi ne tshipupu ne wewe muele UL-recognized mupiamupia (UL 1989) VRLA cartouche, tangila bipese bia mudimu ne voltmètre wa DC kunyima kua meba 24 a dikumbaja. Shi udi ubala above 14.4V DC misangu yonso mu dikisha, tshiamu tshia kuela natshi bintu tshidi tshinyanguke; umbusha nzembu ne upingaje UPS.
• Tangila 4: Ela meji bua kubandisha ku Lithium Iron Phosphate (\(\text{LiFePO}_4\)) UPS: Biamu bia lelu bia \(\text{LiFePO}_4\) bidi mua kuikala bidimu 8 too ne ku 10 (3,000+ cycles), udi ne zero sulfuric acid anyi sulfur, kena mua kupatula gaz wa rotten-egg \(\text{H}_2\text{S}\), ne udi ne tshiamu tshia mudimu tshia tshiamu tshia nzembu (BMS).

Nomba ya tshimpitshimpi ya mu tshijengu ne mikenji ya bibambalu¶

Shi UPS nansha tshibutshilu tshia bateri tshidi tshifuma, tshitema, tshipatuka padiku kapia, anyi tshiuja muaba mukanga ne kapepe ka diyi dibole, anyi bikala muntu yonso uleja bimanyinu bia dipuekesha dia sulfure d'hydrogène anyi dipeta dia aside wa sulfurique, yukila ne bena mudimu ba muaba unudi ne badi batangila malu a buanga diakamue:

États-Unis ne Canada¶

• Mudilu wa tshimpitshimpi / njiwu / EMS Dispatch: Bikila 911 pambelu pa nzubu. Ambila bafidi ba mudimu ne: "Ndi ne tshiamu tshia mudimu tshia plomb-acid tshidi tshikanga tshidi tshipatula luya lua hydrogène sulfure ne gaz wa hydrogène." Bena mudimu ba kapia badi ne biamu bia 4-gaz (\(\text{H}_2\text{S}\), \(\text{CO}\), \(\text{O}_\), \(\$xt}\)) bua kumbusha kapepe.
• Diluisha dia buanga: Bikila 1-800-222-1222 mu États-Unis anyi 1-844-POISON-X (1-844-764-7669) mu Canada (24/7, tshianana).
• Dibutula dimpe: Kokuteka tshiamu tshia plomb nansha kakese (Pb) batile mu tshina tshia mu nzubu. Ma batterie a VRLA adi kaayi manyanguke anyi adi manyanguke kakese (adi ne mikalu mikanga) adi atabijibua tshianana ku AutoZone, O'Reilly Auto Parts, Advance Auto Parts, Staples, Best Buy, Home Depot, anyi Lowe's (Call2Recycle). Ma batterie adi mavula bikole anyi adi apatuka ne biamu bia UPS biuwule tente bidi ne tshia kuya ku nzubu wa Bintu bia njiwu bia mu nzubu (HHW) bia mu tshimenga.

Royaume-Uni¶

• Kapia ka tshimpitshimpi / Dituma dia mashinyi a lupitadi: Bikila 999 (anyi 112). Bua nkonko ya malu adi atangila luya lua kapia, bikila NHS 111.
• Mushindu muimpe wa kuela bintu: Angata ma batterie a VRLA adi mashika, adi ne tshiamu tshia terminal anyi biamu bia UPS bidi bikanga ku tshipangu tshia muaba unudi Household Waste Recycling Center (HWRC) ne ubipeshe muena mudimu wa Lead-Acid / Hazardous Battery Bunker.

Buobumue bua matunga a ku Mputu¶

• Pan-European Emergency Number: Bikila 112 bua kapia, njiwu, ne diandamuna dia luondapu mu matunga onso adi mu UE.
• Dibutula dia bintu mu bukubi (Mikenji ya UE ya Bateri 2023/1542): Bibambalu bia bukoya bia mu tshimenga (Déchetterie mu France, Wertstoffhof mu Allemagne, Punto Limpio mu Espagne, Milieustraat mu Pays-Bas) bidi bitaba ma batterie a UPS a plomb-acid ne UPS minyanguke tshianana.

Australie ne Nouvelle-Zélande¶

• Dituma dia malu a tshimpitshimpi ne a buanga: Mu Australie, bikila 000 (anyi 13 11 26 bua kumanya malu a buanga). Mu Nouvelle-Zélande, bikila 111 (anyi 0800 764 766 bua National Poisons Centre).
• Mushindu muimpe wa kuela bintu: Angata ma batterie a plomb-acid adi mashika ku B-cycle drop-off point, Supercheap Auto, Repco, Battery World, anyi ku tshipangu tshia musoko Community Recycling Center (CRC).

India ne Asia-Pacifique¶

• India: Bikila 112 (Mu tshimpitshimpi) anyi 101 (Mudilu). Muinshi mua mikenji ya CPCB ya dilama dia bintu bia bukoya, basumbishi ba UPS (APC, Numeric, Luminous, Microtek, Exide, Amaron) badi ne tshia kuitaba lead-acid wa kale mukanga (SMF-VRLA) ma batterie muinshi mua mikenji ya kuangata tshiakabidi.
• Singapore & Japan: Mu Singapour, bikila 995 (SCDF) ne wenze mudimu ne bantu badi ne bukenji bua kusangisha bintu bia bukoya. Mu Japon, bikila 119 (Kapia/Ambulance) ne upingaje ma batterie a VRLA (Namari-Chikudenchi) ku diambuluisha dia basumbishi ba JBRC anyi muenji wa UPS (kakuyi mpata nansha kakese mu tshina tshia mu tshimenga).

Nkonko itubu bela misangu ya bungi¶

Ndi mua kushala mu nzubu wanyi wa bulalu ne kulala ne dididishi diunzulula kunyima kua meme mumane kupatula UPS uvua ununka bu mayi mabole anyi?¶

Tòo. Kulala mu kazubu kamue mudi batterie wa VRLA mupitshile ku luya lua bungi mu mêba 12 a kumpala, nansha wewe mumane kupatula UPS. Ma plate a plomb a munda adi ne kapia kakole ne aside wa sulfurique bidi bilama kapia munkatshi mua mêba a bungi ne bitungunuka ne kupatula luya lua sulfure wa hydrogène ne luya lua acide too ne padi luya lua munda lupueka muinshi mua 30 degrés Celsius (86 degrés Fahrenheit). Bu mudi sulfure wa hydrogène muikale ne bujitu kupita luya ne wenza bua mijilu ya mupuya ikale mikole lukasa, muntu mulale pa bulalu udi mua kuela mupuya mubi kayi ununka tshintu nansha tshimue. Lekela dididishi dia nzubu wa bulalu diunzulula ne tshipepele tshidi tshipatula kapepe, kanga tshiibi, ne ulale mu nzubu mukuabu butuku bujima.

Mmunyi mundi mua kumanya ni mupuya wa kapia anyi wa tshintu tshidi pabuipi ne mesa anyi udi ufumina ku batterie wanyi wa UPS anyi ku tshiamu tshianyi tshia PC (PSU)?¶

Bateri wa UPS wa plomb udi kayi wenza mudimu bimpe udi ununka bu mayi mabole, bu mayi a bukoya, anyi bu tshiamu tshia sulfure (gaz wa sulfure d'hydrogène), pamue ne tshintu tshia UPS tshidi ne kapia ne tshiona tshia alarme tshidi katshiyi tshijika anyi tshiona tshia relay. Kadi, tshiamu tshia nzembu tshidi tshinyanguka anyi tshiamu tshia 12VHPWR tshidi tshienda tshinyanguka tshidi tshinunkila bu ozone, tshiamu tshia plastique tshioshe, tshiamu tshia soldering, anyi mupuya muimpe wa bintu bia tshimpitshimpi (mashi a tshiamu tshia nzembu), ne tshidi tshipuwe anyi tshidi tshilua kumpala kua mupuya mukole (mulombodi wetu wa nzembu ne PSU udi unyunguluka udi ununka mu PC).

Bua tshinyi UPS wanyi uvua anu wela mbila ne ushala ne kapia nansha mumvua mumupatule ku tshiibi tshia ku tshimanu?¶

Kupatula tshiamu tshia UPS ku tshiibi tshia ku tshimanu kudi anu kukepesha bukole bua 120V/230V AC budi bubuela; UPS udi wela meji diakamue ne kudi dijimina dia nzembu ne udi uteka tshintu tshia munda tshia DC-to-AC tshia batterie ON bua kutungunuka ne kufila nzembu ku ordinatere webe udibu basuika. Padi UPS muteka ON mu mushindu wa batterie, udi utungunuka ne kukoka nzembu ya bungi mu batterie udi mufuishe ne udi wenda ukola bikole. Udi ne tshia kupatula tshingoma tshia AC ku tshimanu NE kufina ne kulama butone bua Power bua kumpala bua UPS munkatshi mua masekonde 3 anyi 5 too ne padi tshiamu tshijima ne miendu yonso ifiika.

Bateri wa UPS wa plomb-acid wa VRLA udi mua kututa kapia bu mudi bateri wa portable anyi wa telefone udi ne lithium-ion anyi?¶

Ma bateri a plomb-acid (VRLA/AGM) ne a lithium-ion (LiPo/Li-ion) adi anyanguka mu mishindu mishilangane. Bateri wa tshibombi tshia lithium-ion udi ne tshiamu tshia carbonate tshidi mua kujima tshidi tshitema nkayatshi mu kapia ka 800-degree-Celsius (1,472-degree-Fahrenheit). Bateri wa UPS udi ne aside wa plomb udi ne aside wa sulfurique udi mu mayi, udi kayi unyanguka nkayende; njiwu yende minene idi: dipuekesha dia luya lua hydrogène sulfure, dibutuka dia acide sulfurique didi dinyanguka, dinyanguka dia tshibombi tshia plastike tshia ABS, ne dibutuka dia gaz wa hydrogène pikala gaz wa hydrogène mupatuke mu kapia ka nzembu.

Ndiku mua kupingaja batterie wa UPS muume anyi udi ne sulfate pa kumbusha tshilamba tshia plastique tshia kuulu ne kusakidila mâyi a distillation anyi mukele wa Epsom anyi?¶

Kukangula tshibuikidiji tshia kuulu tshia batterie wa VRLA/AGM bua kuela mayi, aside, anyi bintu bia tshimpitshimpi to. Bateri wa Absorbed Glass Mat (AGM) UPS udi ulama electrolyte wende munda mua tshiamu tshia fibre de verre ne udi wimanyina pa mushinga wa bukole bua munda bua kusangisha luya. Padi batterie wa VRLA muvula, mupatule luya lua diyi dibole, anyi mupangile bua kuditeta kunyima kua bidimu 3 anyi 5, biamu biende bia plomb bidi binyanguka anyi binyanguka, ne dibueja dia mâyi didi difikisha ku dibuela dia aside pa tshiamu tshia UPS.

Mmunyi mundi mua kujikija tshiona tshia APC anyi tshia CyberPower UPS pandi ntshijika?¶

Kufina tshitupa tshîpi tshia sekonde umua pa butone bua Mute anyi Power kudi anu kupuekesha mutoyi wa "On-Battery" wa dijika dia nzembu; bilondeshile mushindu wa bukubi, dikuma dia tshitupa tshîpi kadiakupuekesha dîyi dia tshilema tshikole tshidi tshitungunuka anyi tshilema tshinene tshia luya lua bateri to. Bua kuimanyika tshiona tshikole tshia kashidi, umbusha tshingoma tshia ku tshimanu tshia AC ne ufina ne ulama butone bua bukole bua sekonde 4 anyi 5 too ne padi tshiamu tshinene tshijika. Shi tshiamu tshia piezobuzzer tshitshidi anu tshienza mutoyi ne tshiamu tshijima, windile too ne padi tshiamu tshilua mashika, uvuala bilamba bia ku bianza ne makalashi, ne umbusha tshiamu tshia nsongo (tshifiike) ku tshibuelelu tshia bateri.

Miaba ne buludiki bua mbulamatadi¶

• Dilombola dia bukubi ne makanda a mubidi ku mudimu (OSHA, États-Unis) & National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH, CDC): *NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards: Hydrogen Sulfide (\(\text{H}_2\text{S}\), CAS 7783-06-4) and Sulfuric Acid (\(\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4\), CAS 766-94-94-3) Exposure limit 100 ppm IDLH threshold, ne mechanics ya lukasa ya ditshioka dia mijilu ya mupuya).
• Tshilongelu tshia bamanyi ba malu a nzembu ne a nzembu (IEEE) & Tshisumbu tshia ditunga tshia dikuba dia kapia (NFPA, United States): IEEE Std 1187 / 1188 Recommended Practice for Installation, Maintenance, Testing, and Replacement of Valve-Regulated Lead-Acid (VRLA) Batteries for Stationary Applications and NFPA 1 / NFPA 855 Stationary Energy Storage System The Drornamal Ruway and Ventilation Standards.
• Underwriters Laboratories (UL, International): UL 1778 Standard for Uninterruptible Power Systems and UL 1989 Standard for Standby Batteries (VRLA Bunsen relief valve venting pressures, flame-arrester requirements, and float-charge over-voltage protection).
• Schneider Electric (APC) & CyberPower Systems Technical Safety Bulletins: VRLA Sealed Lead-Acid Battery End-of-Life Swelling, Thermal Runaway Mitigation, Hydrogen Sulfide Off-Gassing Ventilation, and Safe Cartridge Extraction Procedures.
• Tshibambalu tshia dikuba dia buloba tshia mu États-Unis (EPA): Mukenji wa dilama ne dipingaja dia bintu (RCRA) Mukenji wa dibutula dia bintu bia bukoya (40 CFR Part 273) bua mudimu wa batterie wa plomb-acide, dijimija dia bintu bidi bipatuka, ne dipingaja dia bintu bia kale.

Malu adi apetangana¶

• PSU capacitor pop, 12VHPWR connector melt, and electrical burning smell in PC
• Divulangana dia bateri ya tshiamu tshia mashinyi ne bukubi bua bintu bia mudimu
• Tshiamu tshia ku luseke tshia tshiamu tshia ordinatere tshia makala matshibuka ne tshikebelu tshia panyima pa dibutuka dia mupenyi
• Dijika dia nzembu padibu benza mudimu ku bule
• Midilu ya nzembu ne kapia mu nzubu
• Nomba ya tshimpitshimpi