UPS Bateri Kuvyimba na Gazi y'Ihydrogène Sulfide y'Igi Boze: Gukuraho Igikoresho co Gucungera Ubushuhe¶

Kwinjira mu biro vyawe vyo muhira canke mu kabati k’ibikoresho kugira ngo wumve umuyagankuba wawe udacika (UPS) utanga ijwi ry’inkengeri ridahera, ry’agaciro kanini mu gihe wuzuza icumba umunuko w’amagi yaboze canke w’amazi mabi ni ikintu giteye akaga vyihutirwa-ibikoresho n’umuriro. Uwo muco w’ikibiriti udasanzwe ni gazi y’ikibiriti (\(\text{H}_2\text{S}\)) ivanze n’umuyaga w’iyidrojeni (\(\text{H}_2\)) ushobora kwaka** be n’**aside y’ikibiriti (\(\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4\)) y’umuvuduko munini w’umuyaga Bateri y’amazi y’amabuye y’agaciro (VRLA) iriko irashikirwa n’uguhunga kw’ubushuhe. Iyo usize UPS ipfutse mu gitereko c’uruhome mu gihe igikoresho cayo co mu mutima gikomeza gupompa umuyagankuba mu gice c’ibati gipfutse, gipfutse, igipfukisho ca bateri c’ipulasitike kizoca kiyonga maze kigaca kigenda kigenda hanze, kigafunga ikarita imbere mu gipfukisho c’icuma, canke umuriro wo mu mutima uzoca uturitsa gazi y’ihydrogène yirundanijwe muri bateri.

Nimba hari umuntu ari mu cumba ariko arasinzira, umutwe utunguranye, akorora, impwemu nabi, amaso arashavura, canke aseseme, uce ubwo nyene uva aho hantu uja mu kirere ciza maze uhamagare inomero y’ivyihutirwa yo mu karere kawe (911 muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika na Kanada, 112 hirya no hino mu Bumwe bw’Uburaya, 999 mu Bwami bw’Uburaya; inomero z'ivyihutirwa). Niwabona imbeya zikora, umwotsi, canke ibishashi biva mu ruzitiro rwa UPS, kurikira ivyacu umuriro w'umuyagankuba n'ibishashi mu nzu protocole kandi ntimwegere iyo unité. Ku bikoresho bishushe, bivuza induru, canke bimota ikibiriti ata muriro ukora, kurikiza urutonde nyarwo rw’ugutandukanya ubushobozi n’ugusohora umwuka ruri aha hepfo imbere y’uko ukora ku kibanza ca bateri, hanyuma ushiremwo ivyerekanwa . PSU capacitor pop, 12VHPWR ihuza, n'umuyagankuba umuriro umunuko muri PC hamwe bateri ya console yo gutwara ivyimba n'umutekano w'ibikoresho kugira ngo utandukanye ugusohoka kw’umuriro w’aside y’amabuye y’agaciro n’ugusenyuka kw’ibihimba vya PC canke amabateri ya litiyumu-ion.

Ivyo ubikore ubu¶

1. Mukure abana, ibikoko vyo mu nzu, n’abari mu cumba bose mu cumba ubwo nyene maze mufungure amadirisho n’inzugi zo hanze. Hydrogène sulfure (\(\text{H}_2\text{S}\)) ni umuti uremereye kuruta umuyaga utera impwemu, ukaba urohama ugana hasi aho ibikoko vyo mu nzu n’abana bato bahumekera. Iratuma kandi imitsi y’umuntu ishobora kumva umunuko irema mu minota 2 canke 5 iyo umuntu ayibonye cane, ikaguhenda ngo wiyumvire ko uwo munuko wacitse igihe mu vy’ukuri gazi iriko iraduga.
2. Katura amashanyarazi ya AC NO kuzima inverter ya UPS DC. Hindukiza umuyagankuba wo mu cumba uri mu gipande cawe c’amashanyarazi ku OFF, canke ukure umugozi wa UPS AC ugororotse uva mu gisohoka co ku ruhome mu gihe uhagaze impwemu. Kubera ko gukuraho umugozi wo ku ruhome gusa bituma UPS ikora ihinduka Battery Inverter Mode maze igakomeza gukura umuriro uremereye biciye muri bateri iriko irateka, ubwo nyene kande kandi ufate buto ya Power / Off y’imbere mu masegonda 3 gushika kuri 5 gushika UPS ikanda OFF burundu maze ama LEDs yose akagenda ( Gukuraho Jumper).
3. Ntukigere uzimya amatara, ama ventilateur yo mu gisenge, canke ama ventilateur atagira hasi mu kabati gatoyi kafunze kanukira amagi aboze. Hamwe n’umuyagankuba w’ihydrogène, umuyagankuba w’amabuye y’agaciro ugira umuriro mwinshi urasohora gazi y’ihydrogène isukuye (\(\text{H}_2\)), ari yo air (explosive4% to 75% ku rwego rw’ijwi) kandi igurumana iva ku turongo dutoduto tudahinduka canke duhindura. Koresha mbere umuyaga w’umusaraba, hanyuma ushire umuyaga mu muryango wuguruye ufuha umuyaga mwiza mu cumba uvuye mu nzira isukuye.
4. NTUKORE, ntufungure, canke ngo ugerageze gukuraho bateri mu gihe igice ca UPS kiguma gishushe (above 40 degrees Celsius / 104 degrees Fahrenheit) canke mu gihe wumva ijwi ry’ugusemerera canke ry’ugusesagura. Bateri ya VRLA itetse irimwo aside sulfurique ishushe (90 to 115 degrees Celsius / 194 to 239 degrees Fahrenheit) n’umwotsi w’aside ukoresheje umukazo. Siga igikoresho kitagira umuriro, kizimye mu cumba gifise umwuka mu kiringo c’amasaha 6 gushika kuri 12 gushika gikonjeye neza ku bushuhe bwo mu cumba.
5. Mwambare amaganzu y’ibara ry’agahama canke y’ibara ry’agahama, amataratara y’umutekano ashobora gukingira, n’amaboko maremare imbere y’uko ufungura urugi rwa bateri. Ifu y’ikibiriti yera, y’umuhondo canke y’icatsi kibisi ikikuje amabarabara canke igitereko ni **ivyuma vy’amabuye y’agaciro bitagira amazi n’ibisigazwa vy’amabuye y’agaciro yitwa sulfuric acide.
6. Ntukigere ukura igikoresho c’ibati c’ipulasitike kivyimvye kandi gifise amahembe mu gice c’icuma ca UPS ukoresheje icuma canke imbugita. Gukura ku ruhome rw’ibati y’ipulasitike ABS yoroshejwe n’ubushuhe ukoresheje icuma, bica bitobora igihimba c’umubiri gitoya, bikatera aside y’ikibiriti canke bikagabanya amabara y’imbere y’ivyuma vy’ibara ry’agahama.200 to 500 amps umuco w’uruzitiro). Nimba bateri ifashe ubudasiba imbere mu gitereko c’icuma, nusubire gukoresha UPS yose idakomeretse nk’imyanda y’ubuhinga bwa none ishobora gutera akaga.

Igiti c'ingingo: UPS umunuko w'amagi yaboze, inkengeri igumaho, n'ugutoranya bateri yavyimvye¶

Koresha iki kigereranyo kugira ngo umenye nimba wokwimuka maze ugahamagara abajejwe umuriro, ukareka iyo nkuru ikakonja mu kibanza cayo, ukuraho igikoresho co gukoresha, canke ugahagarika igice cose c’umubiri wa UPS.

flowchart TD
    A["Desktop canke Server UPS itanga umunuko w'amagi yaboze, ijwi rikomeza, canke ubushuhe bukaze"] --> B{"Umwotsi uboneka, imbeya, ivyuma vyo hanze bipfutse, canke ibimenyetso mu bari muri iyo nzu (ugusinzira, gukorora, gusha amaso)?"}
    B -->|"EGO: Umuriro/umwotsi ukora canke ibimenyetso vy'umuntu"| C["Uce uva mu nyubakwa ubwo nyene, ufunge urugi inyuma yawe, hanyuma uhamagare abajejwe ivy’ivyihutirwa (911 / 112 / 999)"]
    B -->|"OYA: Umunuko w’ikibiriti c’amagi aboze, igipfukisho gishushe, canke ijwi ry’ikosa rigumaho gusa"| D["Fata impwemu, ufungure amadirisho/inzugi cane, ukure UPS mu gitereko c’umuyagankuba wo ku ruhome, hanyuma ufate buto ya UPS Power amasegonda 5 gushika izimye burundu"]
    D --> E["Kuva mu cumba maze ureke amasaha 6 gushika kuri 12 y’umuyaga gushika igihimba co hanze ca UPS gikonje ku bushuhe bwo mu cumba (20 gushika kuri 25 degrees C)"]
    E --> F{"Igihe uzoba umaze gukonja: Shirako amaganzu y’amazi n’amataratara y’umutekano, ufungure igipfukisho ca bateri, hanyuma usuzume bateri ."}
    F -->|"Bateri irasohoka neza ataco ikora canke n'agace gatoyi k'uruhande"| G{"Mbega amabarabara y’ivyuma canke amawaya ya UPS yo mu mutima yarasenyutse n’igice c’aside yera/icatsi kibisi?"}
    G -->|"Nta gusenyuka: Intsinga zisukuye n'igikoresho co gucapura kidakomeretse"| H["Amabati y'amabateri n'umuyagankuba, ajane ku gikoresho co gusubiramwo aside y'amabuye y'agaciro, hanyuma ushiremwo igikoresho gishasha co gusubirira VRLA kiri ku rutonde rwa UL"]
    G -->|"Ego: Asidi iremereye ivuza kuri PCB canke umugozi w'amashanyarazi waboze"| I["Gukuraho ibimenetse ku ruhande n'umunyu wa bikarbonate, NTUSUBIRE gukoresha UPS (ivyononekaye vyatumye ihunga), subiramwo igikoresho cose"]
    F -->|"Bateri iravyimvye nk'umusego kandi ifashe neza imbere mu cuma UPS bay"| J["NTUKORESHE IBIKORESHO VY’IVYUMA: Gerageza gukurura umukanda w’ivyuma canke gusenyura ivyuma vyo hanze"]
    J --> K{"Mbega igihimba c’inyuma c’icuma coba gifunguka neza kugira ngo kirekure umukazo?"}
    K -->|"Ego: Yabohowe ataco yigeze akora"| L["Amabarabara y'uruzitiro, umufuko wa bateri yavyimvye mu mufuko uremereye wa polyethylene, no gusubirira igice cose ca UPS (ikosa ryo gushaja rishobora kuba)"]
    K -->|"Oya: Igikapu gikozwe mu mabara canke ipulasitike iyunguruye"| M["Siga bateri imbere mu gitereko, ushire UPS yose mu gitereko c’amapulasitike kiremereye, hanyuma utware igice cose ku kibanza co gukuramwo imyanda iteye akaga yo mu nzu (HHW)"]

Gutahura ubuhinga bwa shimi n’ubuhinga bwa fizike: kuki UPS yo ku meza ihumura nk’amagi yaboze¶

Hafi y’ibikoresho vyose vy’ubuhinga bwa UPS vy’abaguzi n’ivy’ubudandaji buto buto vyakozwe na APC (Schneider Electric), CyberPower, Eaton, Tripp Lite, na Vertiv bikoresha amabateri y’amavolte 12, cane cane Absorbed Glass Mat 12V 7Ah canke 12V 9Ah amatafari). Naho zigurishwa nk'izifise ikidodo kandi "zidakeneye kwitaho," amabateri ya VRLA akingirwa gusa mu gihe c'inguvu zisanzwe zo gushaja (below 7 to 35 kilopascals / 1 to 5 psi) kandi zifise imipira imipira ya Bunsen yo gukuraho umuvuduko w’inzira imwe yihishije munsi y’umurongo wo hejuru w’igipfukisho c’ipulasitike.

1. Umutego w'umuriro w'imbere w'imyaka 3-kugeza kuri 5¶

Imbere muri bateri AGM y’amavolte 12 harimwo ibice bitandatu vy’amavolte 2,0 vy’aside y’amabuye y’agaciro bifatanye mu buryo bukurikirana (6 x 2.0V = 12.0V nominal, iguma icumbikirwa ku umuriro wo kureremba wa . 13.5V to 13.8V DC). - Inyuma y’imyaka 3 gushika ku myaka 5 munsi y’ameza asusurutse, izo nzira z’ivyuma vy’amabuye y’agaciro (\(\text{PbO}_2\)) zirabora zigakura, canke imwe muri izo nsoro zitandatu irakama maze igatera umurongo mutoyi w’imbere w’umuyagankuba. - Igihe agace kamwe gasohotse (kava 2.27V gushika kuri 0.0V), umuriro wose wo muri bateri ugabanuka n’amavolte 2. - Kubera ko igikoresho co gushaja UPS co ku biro gishizwe kuri 13.6V to 13.8V kandi ntigenzura utugingo ngengabuzima tumwetumwe, iraduza umuriro kandi igahatira 13.8V ku ingingo zitanu zisigaye zifise amagara meza (2.76V per cell aho 2.27V).

2. Electrolyse, ubushuhe buva hanze, n’ubushuhe buhunga¶

Igihe umuriro w'ingingo urenze urugero rwo gutanga gazi (2.40V to 2.45V per cell ku bushuhe bwa degre 25), umwuka w’ikirere usanzwe usubira gukorana imbere mu gipfukisho c’ivyuma vy’ibara ry’agahama birasenyuka: 1. Igisubizo c’ubushuhe buva hanze: Inguvu z’umuyagankuba zirengeje urugero zihinduka ubushuhe buri mu mubiri w’umuyagankuba w’aside sulfurique (\(\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4\)). Kubera ko bateri y’aside y’amabuye y’agaciro isusurutse ifise ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’imbere buke, uko irushiriza gushuha, niko irushiriza gukura umuriro mu gikoresho co gucapura UPS, bigatuma aside irushiriza gushuha vuba cane. 2. Uguteka kw’aside n’ugutera: Uko ubushuhe bwo mu ngingo bugenda buraduga bukarenga degre 60 gushika kuri 90 (140 gushika kuri 194 degrees Fahrenheit), amazi arateka i kure maze aside y’ikibiriti yihariye ikorana n’ivyuma vy’amabuye y’agaciro vyinshi bigabanya ubushuhe bw’amabuye y’agaciro.SO4) mu gazi y’ubumara bw’iyidrojeni (\(\igisomwa{H}_2\igisomwa{S}\)) iruhande ya gazi y’iyidorojeni iturika (\(\igisomwa{H}_2\)) na umwuka w’ikirere (\(\igisomwa{O}_2\)). 3. Valve Pop na ABS Case Ballooning: Igitutu co mu mutima gifungura amavalve y’umutekano w’imipira n’ijwi ry’agahomerabunwa * canke ijwi ry’agahomerabunwa, bikazana gaze y’amagi aboze mu cumba cawe mu gihe igipfukisho ca bateri y’ipulasitike ya ABS kiyoroha ku bushuhe bwa degre 85 gushika kuri 100 degrees Celsius to15) hanze, ifatanye cane n’icuma UPS bay.

Igereranyo ry'akaga ka gazi: VRLA UPS ubushuhe buva mu bidukikije¶

Intambwe ku yindi gufunga vyihutirwa no gukuraho ubuhumane mu cumba¶

Intambwe ya 1: Ukwirinda ubwo nyene no gusohora umwuka (Amasegonda 60 ya mbere)¶

1. Ntukicare ku meza yawe kugira ngo ubike inyandiko canke ngo ukore OS shutdown y’ubuntu nimba mu cumba harimwo umunuko mwinshi w’amagi yaboze.
2. Ugurure amadirisho yose yo hanze n’inzugi mu nzira yo gusohoka kugira ngo ushireho umuyaga w’umusaraba.
3. Kura hasi ibikoko vyo mu nzu n’abana: Kuko hydrogène sulfure ni 19 percent n’umuyaga wo mu cumba, igikoko canke umwana ari hasi iruhande y’umuyagankuba wo munsi y’ameza ahumeka ivyiyumviro vyinshi vy’umuyaga w’i \(\text{H}_2\text{S}\) kuruta umuntu akuze ahagaze.

Intambwe ya 2: Guhagarika umuyagankuba (Uruhome AC + DC Inverter Guhagarika)¶

Gukura umugozi w’amashanyarazi mu gisohoka co ku ruhome mu gihe usiga UPS ifunguye bituma iyo mashini ihindura inverter yayo DC-to-AC ON, igakwega 10 to 40 amps y’umuriro usohoka biciye mu bihimba vy’amabateri bitera. Kurikiza iyi Intambwe Zibiri zo Gukuraho Inguvu: 1. Kura umugozi wa UPS AC mu gitereko co ku ruhome (canke uhindure umugozi wo mu cumba mu gipande cawe c’umuyagankuba nimba umugozi uri inyuma y’ikintu gitera umuyagankuba). 2. Ubwo nyene ukande kandi ufate buto ya UPS Power iri ku ruhande rw’imbere mu masegonda 3 gushika kuri 5 yuzuye gushika aho relay nyamukuru y’imbere ikanda gufunguka maze amatara/ibigaragaza vyose vyo ku rupapuro rw’imbere bihinduka umwijima rwose: - APC Back-UPS / Smart-UPS: Fata buto nyamukuru Power On/Off mu masegonda 4 gushika inyuma y’ijwi rirerire rya kabiri, hanyuma urekure (hanyuma ukure inyuma Igikoresho co gufatanya bateri y’umuhondo Anderson nimba gifise). - CyberPower / Eaton / Tripp Lite: Fata buto ya POWER mu masegonda 3 gushika kuri 5 gushika wumvise ijwi ry’induru maze LCD/LED zikazima burundu.

Intambwe ya 3: Idirisha ry'ubushuhe ry'amasaha 6 gushika kuri 12¶

1. Siga UPS ivuye mu muriro, izimye, itakozweko mu cumba gifise umwuka (amadirisho yuguruye kandi umuyaga ufuha umwuka mwiza uva mu koridoro uja mw’idirisha) mu kiringo c’amasaha nibura 6 gushika kuri 12.
2. Imbere yo gukora ku muryango wa bateri, shira inyuma y’ukuboko kwawe gufise amaganzu gatoyi ku ruhande rw’inyuma rw’ipulasitike canke rw’icuma rwa UPS:
   • Niba igipfukisho kiguma gishushe canke gishushe (above 30 degrees Celsius / 86 degrees Fahrenheit), rindira igihe kirekire. Rindira gushika iyo nkuru ikonjeye neza (20 to 25 degrees Celsius / 68 to 77 degrees Fahrenheit).

Gusobanura UPS iguma ivuga, inkengeri, n'amakode y'amakosa¶

Si UPS yose ivuga iri mu nzira y’ubushuhe, ariko ijwi ryose ridahagarara canke ijwi ryihuta ry’amakosa ya bateri riherekejwe n’ubushuhe bisaba ko hakorwa ubwo nyene. Koresha iyi mbonerahamwe y'isuzuma ry'ibikoresho vya APC, CyberPower, Eaton, na Tripp Lite:

Uko wokura neza bateri yavyimvye, ipfutse mu gice ca UPS¶

Iyo bateri ya VRLA ishushe cane imbere mu munara wa APC Back-UP, APC Smart-UPS canke CyberPower, impande zayo zisanzwe zifise umurongo w’inzira (151 x 65 x 94 mm / 5.94 x 2.56 x 3.70 inches ku 12V 7Ah/9Ah itafari) umupira uja hanze n’ibilometero 5 gushika kuri 15 (0,2 gushika kuri 0,6 inches). Kubera ko igitereko c’imbere c’icuma canke c’ipulasitike kiri muri UPS gifise gusa milimetero 1 gushika kuri 2 z’uburebure, iyo bateri ivyimba irafunga imbere muri UPS nk’igipfukisho kiri mu cupa. Gukwegakwega ku gipande c’ipulasitike gitomoye bica gusa bicapura iyo kaseti.

Kurikiza iyi Itegeko ryo Gukuraho Amazi ataco Akora igihe UPS imaze gukurwa mu muriro kandi ikaba ikanye nk’amabuye nibura amasaha 6 gushika kuri 12:

1. Ibikoresho bisabwa vyo kwikingira (PPE)¶

• Iganzu: Ishobora guhangana n’imiti iganzu za nitrile, butyl, canke neoprene (ntiwigere wambara iganzu z’ipampa, zinywa aside sulfurique y’amazi ku rukoba rwawe).
• Ukurinda amaso: ANSI Z87.1 / RU 166 amataratara y’imiti.
• Ikibanza co gukoreramwo: Twara UPS ikanye hanze canke mu garage ifise umwuka maze uyishire ku agasanduku k’ikarata gapfutse gafise umufuko w’imyanda w’ipulasitike uremereye ufise agasandugu ka bikarbonate (sodium bicarbonate) hafi.

2. Guca amawaya y'iherezo neza¶

1. Kura igipfukisho c’ibarabara ry’amabateri.
2. Fata igitambaro c'impuzu c'ipulasitike gikingira F2 (6.35-mm / 0.250-inch) ibifatanya n’ivyuma bishobora gusunikwa (canke ukoreshe ivyuma bifatanya n’urushinge bikingiye ku gipfukisho c’icuma ubwaco, ntukigere ukura ku gipfukisho c’urutsinga) hanyuma uzunguze ico gifatanya buhoro buhoro ku ruhande ku rundi kugira ngo ugikure ku Negative (- Ikirabura) iherezo rya mbere, hanyuma Ivyiza (+ Umutuku) iherezo.
3. Niba ama terminals ahambwe imbere mu mfuruka gushika bateri inyerera hagati, nti ushikire imbere mu mfuruka y’umwiza ukoresheje ibikoresho vy’ivyuma.

3. Kurekura bateri ipfutse mu gufungura igihimba co hanze ca UPS (Ntukigere uyipfuka)¶

1. Ntukigere ufatanya icuma gifise umutwe ugororotse, igikoresho co gutera, canke icumu hagati ya bateri y’ipulasitike yavyimvye n’igiti c’icuma ca UPS. Gutobora uruhome rw’ipulasitike rworoshe rwa ABS bitera aside sulfurique canke bitera ibiraro +12V/+24V terminal ku gice c’icuma gishizwe hasi.
2. Rekura Ivyuma vy’Igipfukisho / Ivyuma vy’Igipfukisho: Rondera ibipfukisho 4 gushika ku 6 vy’umutwe wa Phillips bifatanye ibice bibiri vy’igipfukisho c’inyuma c’ipulasitike ca UPS (canke igihimba c’imbere c’icuma c’ibati) hamwe. Rekura canke ukureho izo nkoko z’inyuma ku milimetero 5 gushika kuri 10 (0.2 gushika kuri 0.4 inches) kugira ngo ibice bibiri vy’igipfukisho ca UPS bishire kure gatoyi maze birekure ukuntu bifata bateri yavyimvye.
3. Kura n’umugozi w’inylon: Gukura umugozi w’inylon, zip-tie iremereye, canke umugozi w’uruzitiro ku mpera y’ibati maze ukureho ugororotse uhagaze, mbere n’ugushikama.
4. Niba Ufunzwe Imbere mu Gitereko c'Ivyuma Bishizweko Amabara (APC Smart-UPS RM): Hagarara ubwo nyene. Ntutere inyundo, ngo utere canke ngo utere bateri y’aside y’amabuye y’agaciro ivyimba mu gitereko c’icuma gipfutse. Siga bateri imbere, ufunge urugi, urushireko ikimenyetso "SWOLLEN LEAD-ACID BATTERY - DO NOT PLUG IN", maze ujane iyo nyubakwa yose mu kibanza co gukuramwo imyanda ishobora gutera akaga yo mu nzu (HHW).

4. Gukuraho ukuvuza kwa aside sulfurique n'igice c'umubiri c'isulfate yera¶

Niwabona amavuta asobanutse canke ifu y’umweru/ubururu-icatsi kibisi ku gitereko ca bateri: 1. Ifatanye ibiyiko 3 vya bikarbonate (bikarbonate ya sodium, \(\text{NaHCO}_3\)) n’amazi makeyi mu gitereko (canke ushiremwo bikarbonate yumye ataco uhinduye ku matosi y’aside itose). 2. Aho hose iyo bikarbonate ikora kuri aside sulfurique, irapfuka uko ihindura \(\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4\) ishobora gutera ubumara ikaba sulfate ya sodium, amazi n’umuyaga w’ikibiriti bitagira akaga. 3. Hanagura ibisigarira vy’ibintu bitagiramwo ubumara n’ibitambaro vy’impapuro bitose, ubipfuke hamwe n’amaganzu yawe wakoresheje imbere mu gafuko karemereye k’ipulasitike, hanyuma woze ibiganza vyawe n’amazi n’isabune.

Woba ukwiye gushiramwo bateri nshasha muri UPS ya kera, canke ugasubiriza UPS yose?¶

Koresha uru rutonde rw’ibintu 4 vyo gusubira gukoresha UPS n’ugusubira mu kiruhuko c’izabukuru** imbere yo kugura bateri yo gusubirira:

• Suzuma 1: Mbega bateri ya kera yaravyimvye cane, iravuza induru, canke igasohora umunuko w’amagi yaboze? Mu bice birenga 60 kw’ijana vy’ibintu bishobora guhunga ubushuhe, igikoresho co gucungera umuriro w’uguterera kiriko kiragenda canke kigufi imbere mu gice c’umurongo wa UPS kiriko kirapompa 15V to 18V (aho 13.6V) mu bateri. Gushiramwo bateri nshasha muri UPS ifise igikoresho co gucapura co kureremba cononekaye, bizotuma iyo bateri nshasha ihinduka thermal runaway mu ndwi nkeyi. Rekura kandi usubirize UPS yose igihe cose habayeho ukuvyimba gukomeye canke gusohoka kw’amagi yaboze.
• Suzuma 2: Mbega igice ca UPS gifise imyaka irenga 6 gushika kuri 8? Ama capacitors y’imbere n’ama surge varistors arasenyuka inyuma y’imirongo ibiri y’ubuzima bwa bateri. Suzuma itariki y’uguhingura iri hasi hanyuma usubirizeho igikoresho cose nimba kirenze imyaka 7.
• Suzuma 3: Pima umuriro w'amashanyarazi ukoresheje igipimo (13.5V to 13.8V DC): Iyo bateri ya kera yapfuye bucece ata n’imwe ivyimba maze ugashiramwo iyindi nshasha yemewe na UL (UL 1989) Cartouche ya VRLA, usuzume ama terminals ukoresheje voltmètre ya DC inyuma y’amasaha 24 y’ugushaja. Iyo isoma ngo above 14.4V DC ubudasiba mu kiruhuko, chargeur irafise amakosa; n’ushiremwo umuriro maze usubirizeho UPS.
• Suzuma 4: Niwiyumvire guhindura ivyuma vy'ivyuma vy'ivyuma (\(\text{LiFePO}_4\)) UPS: Ivyuma vy'ububiko vy'ubuhinga bwa none bimara imyaka 8 gushika ku myaka 10 (3,000+ cycles), zirimwo aside y’ikibiriti canke ikibiriti, ntizishobora gusohora gazi y’amagi yaboze \(\text{H}_2\text{S}\), kandi zirimwo ubuhinga bwo gucunga amabateri (BMS) bukoreshwa n’ubuhinga bwa none.

Inomero z'ivyihutirwa zo mu karere n'amategeko y'ibigo¶

Niba UPS canke banki y’inyuma y’amabateri iriko iranywa itabi, iriko iratera umuriro, iriko iravyimba igihe ishushe, canke iriko yuzuza ikibanza gikingiwe n’umuyagankuba w’amagi aboze, canke nimba hari uwugaragaza ibimenyetso vy’uguhumeka hydrogène sulfure canke aside sulfurique, bwira abajejwe ivy’ivyihutirwa bo mu karere n’abajejwe kugenzura ubumara ubwo nyene:

Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika na Canada¶

• Umuriro w'ivyihutirwa / Hazmat / EMS: Hamagara 911 uri hanze y'inyubakwa. Tell dispatch: "Mfise igikoresho co gusubiza inyuma bateri y'aside y'amabuye y'agaciro mu mfuruka y'ubushuhe buva mu mwuka." Abakozi bazimya umuriro bitwara ibikoresho bigenzura gazi 4 (\(\text{H}_2\text{S}\), \(\text{CO}\), \(\text{O}text\)2$, \(\text{O}text_2\),
• Ugucungera ubumara: Hamagara kuri 1-800-222-1222 muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika canke 1-844-UBUROMA-X (1-844-764-7669) muri Kanada (24/7, ku buntu).
• Uguta mu buryo butekanye: Ntukigere ushiramwo aside y'amabuye y'agaciro (Pb) bateri mu myanda yo mu nzu. Bateri za VRLA zidakomeretse canke zivyimvye gatoyi (zifise ivyuma bifatanye) ziremerwa ku buntu kuri AutoZone, Ibice vy’Imodoka vya O’Reilly, Ibice vy’Imodoka vy’Imbere, Ivyuma vy’Imiduga, Best Buy, Home Depot, canke Lowe’s (Call2Recycle). Bateri zivyimvye cane canke zivuza n’ibikoresho vya UPS vyuzuye bifatanye bitegerezwa kuja mu kibanza ca komine Imyanda ishobora gutera akaga yo mu nzu (HHW).

Ubwongereza¶

• Umuriro w'ivyihutirwa / Ugutuma abarwayi: Hamagara 999 (canke 112). Ku bibazo vyerekeye umwotsi mutoyi, hamagara NHS 111.
• Uguta mu buryo butekanye: Jyana amabateri ya VRLA akonjejwe, afise amabara y’ibara ry’agahama canke amabateri ya UPS apfutse mu nama nkuru y’igisagara cawe Ikigo co gusubira gukoresha imyanda yo mu nzu (HWRC) maze uyahe umukozi wo mu Ikigo c’amabateri y’amabuye y’agaciro / Lead-Acid / Hazardous Battery Bunker.

Ubumwe bw'Uburayi¶

• Inomero y’ivyihutirwa y’Uburayi bwose: Hamagara 112 ku bijanye n’umuriro, hazmat, n’inyishu z’ubuvuzi mu bihugu vyose bigize Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi.
• Uguta mu buryo butekanye (Itegeko ry'Ubumwe bw'Uburayi ryerekeye amabateri 2023/1542): Amazu y’imyanda y’akaga y’ibisagara (Déchetterie mu Bufaransa, Wertstoffhof mu Budagi, Punto Limpio muri Esipanye, Milieustraat mu Buholandi) yemera imyanda y’amabateri ya UPS y’amabuye y’agaciro n’ibikoresho vya UPS vyononekaye ku buntu.

Australiya na Nouvelle-Zélande¶

• Ivyihutirwa n'Ivy'Ubumara: Muri Australiya, hamagara kuri 000 (canke 13 11 26 kugira ngo umenye amakuru y'ubumara). Muri Nouvelle-Zélande, hamagara kuri 111 (canke 0800 764 766 ku kigo c’igihugu kijejwe ubumara).
• Uguta mu buryo butekanye: Jyana amabateri y’aside y’amabuye y’agaciro akonjeje aho umuntu ashobora gushiramwo amabateri y’umuyagankuba, Supercheap Auto, Repco, Battery World, canke inama y’aho hantu Ikigo c’abanyagihugu co gusubira gukoresha ibintu (CRC).

Ubuhinde na Aziya-Pasifike¶

• Ubuhinde: Hamagara 112 (Ivyihutirwa) canke 101 (Umuriro). Mu mategeko agenga ivy’ugucungera imyanda y’amabateri ya CPCB, abacuruzi ba UPS bemerewe (APC, Numeric, Luminous, Microtek, Exide, Amaron) bategerezwa kwemera aside y’amabuye y’agaciro ya kera ipfutse (SMF-VRLA) amabateri ari munsi y’amategeko yo gusubirana.
• Singapour & Ubuyapani: Muri Singapore, hamagara 995 (SCDF) maze ukoreshe ibikoresho vy’ugutoragura imyanda y’ubuhinga bwa none bifise uruhusha. Mu Buyapani, hamagara 119 (Umuriro/Imodoka itwara abarwayi) hanyuma usubize amabateri ya VRLA (Namari-Chikudenchi) biciye ku bacuruzi ba JBRC canke abahinguzi ba UPS (ntibigere bishika mu myanda ya komine).

Ibibazo bikunda kubazwa¶

Noshobora kuguma mu cumba canje nkaryama idirisha ryanje ryuguruye maze gukura UPS yariko iranuka nk’amagi aboze?¶

Oya, nturyamye mu cumba kimwe aho bateri ya VRLA yahunze ubushuhe mu masaha 12 ya mbere, mbere n’inyuma yo gukura UPS. Ivyo bipande vy’imbere vy’amabuye y’agaciro n’aside sulfurique bishushe cane biragumya ubushuhe amasaha menshi maze bikabandanya gukuraho amasigarira y’ivyuma vy’amabuye y’agaciro n’umwotsi w’aside gushika ubushuhe bwo mu mutima bugabanutse bukaja munsi ya degre 30 Celsius (degre 86 Fahrenheit). Kubera ko iyo hydrogène sulfure iremereye kuruta umuyaga kandi igatuma umutsi w’umubiri ugira ubumuga bwihuta, umuntu aryamye mu gitanda arashobora guhema ubumara bwinshi ata co yumva. Siga idirisha ry’icumba ry’uburaro ryuguruye n’umuyaga uruhisha, ufunge urugi, maze uryame mu kindi cumba ijoro ryose.

Nomenya gute nimba umunuko w’umuriro canke w’imiti uri hafi y’ameza yanje uva kuri bateri yanje ya UPS canke kuri PC yanje y’ibiro (PSU)?¶

Bateri ya UPS y’aside y’amabuye y’agaciro idakora neza mu nzira y’ubushuhe ihunga, ihumura cane nk’amagi aboze, amazi mabi atagiramwo ibinure, canke amatara y’ikibiriti (gazi y’ihydrogène sulfure), iherekejwe n’igipfukisho ca UPS gishushe be n’ijwi ry’inkengeri riguma ritera canke gukanda. Mu buryo butandukanye n’ubwo, igikoresho co gutanga amashanyarazi co ku biro (PSU) canke igikoresho co gufatanya ikarita y’ibishushanyo 12VHPWR ishobora gusenyuka, kimota nk’umuyaga w’ikirere, ivyuma vy’ipulasitike vyaturitse, umuvuduko w’amazi, canke umunuko w’imiti uryoshe, w’amafi (amazi y’umuyagankuba w’umuyagankuba), kandi kikaba kicereje canke kibanza gukoreshwa n’umuyagankuba w’umuyagankuba ( PSU yacu). iminuko y’umuriro muri PC).

Ni kuki UPS yanje yaguma ivuga kandi iguma ishushe naho nari maze kuyikura ku nzira y’umuriro?¶

Gukura UPS mu gicapo c’uruhome bica gusa ubushobozi bw’amazi bwinjira bwa 120V/230V AC; UPS ica yiyumvira ko hari ukuzimya kw’amashanyarazi maze igaca ifungura inverter yayo yo mu mutima DC-to-AC kugira ngo ikomeze gutanga amashanyarazi kuri mudasobwa yawe ihuye. Igihe cose UPS ifunguye mu buryo bwa bateri, irabandanya gukura umuyagankuba uremereye muri bateri yagutse kandi ishushe cane. Utegerezwa gukura umugozi wa AC ku ruhome NO gukanda no gufata buto y’imbere y’amashanyarazi kuri UPS mu masegonda 3 gushika ku 5 gushika iyo unit ikanda burundu amatara yose agaca agira umwijima.

Mbega bateri ya UPS y’ivyuma vy’amabuye y’agaciro yitwa VRLA ivyimba yoshobora guturika ikagira umuriro nk’uko bateri y’ivyuma vy’amabuye y’agaciro canke ya telefone ivyimba?¶

Bateri zikoreshwa n’amabuye y’agaciro (VRLA/AGM) n’izikoreshwa n’amabuye y’agaciro (LiPo/Li-ion) zirananirwa biciye mu buryo butandukanye. Bateri y’umufuko wa litiyumu-iyoni yahunze irimwo ibintu bishobora kwaka vy’umuriro w’umuriro w’umuriro w’umuriro w’umuriro w’umuriro w’umuriro w’ubushuhe bwa degre 800 (degre 1.472-Fahrenheit). Bateri ya UPS ikoresha aside y’amabuye y’agaciro irimwo aside y’ikibiriti ikoreshwa mu mazi, iyo na yo ubwayo ntishobora kwaka; ingorane zayo nyamukuru ni uguhumeka gazi y’ubumara y’ihydrogène sulfure, guturika kw’aside sulfurique itera ubumara, gushonga kw’igisandugu ca ABS c’ipulasitike, n’umuriro w’ihydrogène ushobora guturika iyo gazi y’ihydrogène isohotse mu mwuka iturikiwe n’umuriro w’umuyagankuba.

Noshobora kuvyura bateri ya UPS yumutse canke ifise sulfate mu gukuraho igipande co hejuru c’ipulasitike maze nkayishiramwo amazi ayunguruwe canke umunyu wa Epsom?¶

Ntukigere ufungura igipfukisho co hejuru c’ibarabara ry’ibarabara rya VRLA/AGM kugira ngo wongeremwo amazi, aside canke ibintu vy’imiti. Bateri ya UPS yitwa Absorbed Glass Mat (AGM) ifata umuyagankuba wayo ufunze imbere mu bipande vy’ibirahuri vy’ibirahuri kandi yizigira agaciro k’umuvuduko nyawo wo mu mutima kugira ngo yongere ihurize hamwe imyuka. Iyo bateri ya VRLA imaze kuvyimba, ikasohora gazi y’amagi aboze, canke ikananirwa kwigerageza inyuma y’imyaka 3 gushika ku myaka 5, amabarabara yayo yo mu mutima y’ivyuma vy’amabuye y’agaciro arasenyuka canke akagabanywa, kandi kwongerako amazi bituma aside iseseka ku murongo w’amashanyarazi wa UPS.

Nocecekesha gute inkengeri iguma ivuga kuri APC canke CyberPower UPS mu gihe ndiko ndayifunga?¶

Gukanda gatoyi kw'isegonda 1 kuri buto ya Mute canke Power bicecekesha gusa amajwi asanzwe y'uguzima kw'amashanyarazi "On-Battery"; kubera umugambi w’umutekano, igikoresho gitoyi NTIKIZOCERESHA ijwi ry’ikosa rikomeye rikomeza canke ikosa rikomeye ry’ubushuhe bwa bateri. Kugira ngo uhagarike ijwi rikomeye riguma rivuga ubudasiba, nukure umugozi wo ku ruhome rwa AC maze ukande kandi ufate buto ya Power nyamukuru ubudasiba mu masegonda 4 gushika kuri 5 gushika iyo relay nyamukuru ikanda. Nimba piezobuzzer iguma ivuga iyo gikoresho kizimye, rindira gushika igikoresho gikonje, wambare amaganzu n’amataratara, hanyuma ukureho umurongo w’umurongo w’ivyuma (wirabura) ku nzira ya bateri.

Amasoko n'ubuyobozi buzwi¶

• Ubuyobozi bw'umutekano n'ubuzima ku kazi (OSHA, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika) & Ikigo c’Igihugu kijejwe umutekano n’ubuzima ku kazi (NIOSH, CDC): *Igitabo co mu mufuko ca NIOSH ku bibazo vy’imiti: Igikoko c’amazi (\(\igisomwa{H}_2\igisomwa{S}\), CAS 7783-06-4) n’Aside y’ikibiriti (\(\igisomwa{H}_2\igisomwa{SO}_4\), CAS 7664-93- 100 ppm IDLH threshold, n’ubuhinga bwo kuruha kw’imitsi y’uguhumura vyihuta).
• Ikigo c'abahinga mu vy'amashanyarazi n'ivy'amashanyarazi (IEEE) & Ishirahamwe ry'Igihugu ry'Ukurinda Umuriro (NFPA, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika): IEEE Std 1187 / 1188 Impanuro yo Gushiramwo, Gucungera, Kugerageza no Gusubirira Amabateri y'Aside y'Ibuye ry'Uburundi (VRLA) ku bikorwa bihagaze na NFPA 1 / NFPA 855 Inguvu zihagaze Ivyagezwe.
• Ibigo vy'ubushakashatsi (UL, Mpuzamakungu): UL 1778 Itegeko ry’Imirongo y’Inguvu Zidacika na UL 1989 Itegeko ry’Imirongo y’Inguvu zitegerezwa Gutegura (Imivuduko y’ugusohora umwuka w’ivyuma vy’ubutabazi vya VRLA Bunsen, ibisabwa mu guhagarika umuriro, n’uburinzi bw’umuriro urenga urugero).
• Ivyerekeye umutekano w'ubuhinga bwa Schneider Electric (APC) & CyberPower Systems: Ivyuma vy'iherezo ry'ubuzima bw'amabateri y'amabuye y'agaciro ya VRLA, ugugabanya ubushuhe, ugusohoka kw'impwemu y'ihydrogène sulfure, n'uburyo bwo gukuraho ivyuma vy'amabuye y'agaciro.
• Ikigo ca Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika kijejwe gukingira ibidukikije (EPA): Itegeko ryerekeye kubungabunga no gusubizaho ubutunzi (RCRA) Itegeko ryerekeye imyanda kw'isi yose (40 CFR Part 273) vyo gukoresha amabateri y’aside y’amabuye y’agaciro, gukuraho ibintu bimenetse, no gusubira gukoresha.

Inyobora zifitaniye isano¶

• PSU capacitor pop, 12VHPWR ihuza, n'umuyagankuba umuriro umunuko muri PC
• Bateri ya console yo gutwara ivyimba n'umutekano w'ibikoresho
• Ibirahuri vyamenetse ku ruhande rwa PC n'inyuma y'umuravyo gupima
• Amashanyarazi arazima mu gihe ukora kure
• Umuriro w'amashanyarazi n'ibishashi mu nzu
• Inomero z'ivyihutirwa