Igisenge c'amazi gikonje cane mu gihe c'ubukonje bukaze: Gurgling imigende y'amazi, imitego yumye, n'umuyagankuba w'amazi y'imyanda¶

Igihe umuyaga wo mu karere ka Arctique canke ubukonje bukomeye bwo mu rushana butera ubushuhe bwo hanze bushika munsi ya -15 gushika kuri -30 degre Celsius (5 gushika kuri -22 degrees Fahrenheit) mu majoro menshi, bene inzu kenshi baravyuka babona ikintu giteye ubwoba c’amazi: igihe cose umuntu atera umuyaga canke bowl glugs, burps giant air bubbles, canke ikaduga ku ruhande imbere y’uko isohoka buhoro buhoro, igikarabiro co mu bwogero kiri hafi y’aho n’ivyo gukaraba bitanga ijwi rirenga ry’ugunyonga canke ry’uguvuza induru, kandi mu masaha makeyi inzu iranuka amagi aboze (hydrogen sulfide) na gaze y’amazi y’imyanda. Kubera ko imiyoboro yose y’amazi iri imbere mu bihome bishushe iguma itemba neza, abantu benshi bihenda ngo biyumvira ko umurongo wabo munini w’amazi y’imyanda wo munsi y’ubutaka wazibiye. Mu vy’ukuri, uwo munyavyaha yicara hejuru y’inzu: umuyaga w’amazi y’imyanda ususurutse kandi utose (15 to 22 degrees Celsius / 60 to 72 degrees Fahrenheit kuri 100% relative humidity) iguma iduga hejuru y'ubuhagarike umugende-imyanda-umuyaga (DWV) umuyoboro w’ibirundo utera umugozi w’umuyoboro uri munsi ya zero usohotse mu gisenge maze ugakonja uruzitiro ku rundi rukagira igisenge gikomeye c’urubura rwera n’urubura rw’uruzitiro, rugafunga inzira y’impwemu y’ivyo bikoresho vy’amazi mu kirere. Nimba imigende yawe y’amazi iriko iravuza induru kandi iminuko y’amazi y’imyanda yinjira mu vyumba vyawe mu gihe c’ubukonje bukaze, ntimwigere muduga ku gisenge giteye nk’urubura, subiramwo ibitabu vyacu Amatiyo y'amazi akonje, uburongozi bwo gushonga vyihutirwa, ivyacu yumye P-umutego w'amazi y'imyanda n'umurongozi w'umunuko wa metane, n'ivyacu igipfukisho kinini c'amazi n'umurongozi w'amazi aseseka, kandi ugumize ivy’aho uba inomero z'ivyihutirwa n’igihe ivyuma biva mu mwuka w’ifuru bikora neza cane na vyo nyene vyoba vyacitse urubura maze bikavyura inkengeri y’umuyagankuba.

Ivyombo vy’amazi biva mu mazi ntibishobora gutemba neza ata muyaga wo mu kirere winjira inyuma y’inkingi y’amazi iriko iragwa, nk’uko nyene amazi agenda apfuka iyo uhinduye icupa rifise izosi ritoyi. Ikibi kuruta, iyo umwobo usukuye wohereje amalita 6 (amagaloni 1,6) y’amazi atera hasi mu kirundo c’ivu gihagaze, igisenge caco kikaba gipfutse n’urubura, iyo piston y’amazi igwa iratuma haba ubusa bukomeye bw’igice (negative pressure) inyuma yayo iyonka ikidodo c’amazi gihagaze igororotse ivuye mu bikarabiro, ubwogero, n’imitego P iri hafi, igafungura umuyoboro wa gazi w’imilimetero 38- gushika kuri 50 (1,5- gushika kuri 2-inch) utazibiwe uva mu mvomero canke mu gitereko c’amazi y’imyanda ugororotse mu cumba cawe.

Ivyo ubikore ubu¶

1. NTUZIGEZE uduga ku gisenge gipfutse urubura canke gipfutse urubura kugira ngo ushire urubura ku muyoboro w’amazi. Abantu benshi bafise inzu mu gihe c’imbeho barakomereka baguye ku gisenge c’urubura bakoresheje inyundo, amakete canke ingazi kuruta abakomeretswa n’umwobo usohoka buhoro buhoro. Ushobora gupima no gufukura ikirundo c’umuyaga wo mu gisenge gifise ubukonje 100 kw’ijana uvuye imbere mu nzu canke uvuye hasi ukoresheje uburyo bwo gutanga ubushuhe bwo mu nzu yo hejuru, uburyo bwo gukoresha umuyaga wo hejuru, canke umupfunda wo mu nzu ushobora gutuma umuyaga winjira mu nzu.
2. Ubwo nyene usuzume inkengeri zawe z’umuyaga wa Carbon Monoxide (CO) maze ugenzure ko imiyoboro y’umuyaga w’ifuru yawe, y’ivyuma vy’amazi, canke y’amazi y’amazi ATARI n’umuyaga. Ico gihe nyene kiri munsi ya zero (-20 C / -4 F) n’urubura rukonja igisenge c’amazi DWV gishobora kwubaka igipfukisho c’urubura ku igisenge canke ku ruhande rw’uruhome rw’umuriro wa PVC ku bw’ifuru y’umuriro canke igikoresho co gushusha amazi gikora neza cane. Wemeze ko ibikoresho vyawe vy’ugupima CO bikora kandi usuzume uri hasi ko umwotsi uriko urafuha ataco ukora uva mu bipimo vyawe vy’ugushushanya.
3. Uzuza igikarabiro cose, igikarabiro cose, igikarabiro cose, n’igikarabiro cose co gukuramwo amazi hasi P-trap ubwo nyene n’amazi akanye militiro 500 (ibikombe 2) inyuma yo gusukura umwobo wose. Igihe cose umwobo usukuye munsi y’umuyaga wo ku gisenge, umuvuduko mubi w’ubusa urakura amazi afise ishusho y’inyuguti ya U (P-trap) vyuma imbere mu bikoresho biri hafi, cane cane imitego yo gukaraba idakomeye cane, ibikoresho vyo gukaraba, n’imigende yo mu nzu yo munsi y’ubutaka. Gukoresha uruzitiro rukonje mu gikarabiro cose co mu bwogero no mu gikarabiro cose mu kiringo c’amasegonda 5 umaze gusukura umwobo kugira ngo usubire gukingira amazi no gukingira ubumara hydrogène sulfure (H2S) be n’ivyo bita metane biturika (CH4) gaze y’amazi y’imyanda.
4. Hagarika gukoresha amazi menshi cane (amamashini yo gumesa, amazi asohoka mu bwiherero, n’amazi asohoka mu bwiherero icarimwe) gushika aho umuyaga uvuye. Umuyaga umwe gusa wo mu gikarabiro ukuraho umuyaga muto cane, mu gihe imashini yo gusukura (60 liters / 16 gallons per minute) canke ikinogo co kwogeramwo bituma haba uguhinduka kw’umuyaga mwinshi imbere mu muyoboro ukingiwe, bikafuha ibibumbano vy’amazi y’imyanda bica mu binogo vyo hasi bigatuma imitego yo hejuru yuma.
5. Sohoka hanze mu rugo ukoresheje amataratara canke kamera yo kuri telefone kugira ngo usuzume umuyoboro w’amazi wo mu gisenge uri hasi. Raba hejuru ku **umuyoboro w’amazi w’amamilimetero 50 gushika kuri 100 (2 gushika kuri 4) uri hejuru y’icumba cawe. Iyo umugozi w’umuyoboro ushizweko ikamba ry’umweru ryinshi igipfukisho c’ibizinu canke igipfukisho c’urubura c’urubura ata mwobo w’umwiza uboneka hagati, uba wemeje ko hariho ikirundo c’imyoboro y’igisenge (frost closure) aho kuba igipfukisho kinini c’amazi y’imyanda yo munsi y’ubutaka.
6. Duga mu nzu yo hejuru (niba ushobora kuyishikako) ususurutse umuyoboro w’amazi uhagaze munsi y’igisenge. Mu nzu zirenga 85 kw’ijana, umuyoboro w’amazi urakonja cane ku masentimetero 15 gushika kuri 30 (inci 6 gushika kuri 12) aho uca mu gisenge gikanye kandi. Gushushanya uruhome rw’imiyoboro uvuye imbere mu nzu yo hejuru ukoresheje igikoresho co kwumisha umushatsi ku rugero rwo hagati (kigumye kure y’amasentimetero 15 / 6 n’impuzu za PVC/ABS) canke umugozi wo gushushanya umuyoboro w’ubushuhe uri ku rutonde rwa UL, bituma igipfukisho c’urubura kiva mu mpome z’imbere kugira ngo igipfukisho c’urubura kigaca kigenda.

Igiti c'ingingo: Gupima igisenge c'umuyaga gikonje n'umugende w'imyanda wo munsi y'ubutaka n'ugushonga neza¶

Koresha iki giti c’ingingo kugira ngo wemeze nimba amazi yawe asohoka aterwa n’ikirundo c’amazi y’igisenge gipfutse canke umurongo w’amazi y’imyanda wo munsi y’ubutaka uzibiye, maze uhitemwo uburyo bwo gufukura imbere mu nzu butekanye kuruta ubundi bwose.

flowchart TD
    Start["Ivyumba vy’isuku Biravuza/Biravuza, Amazi Asohoka Buhoro, Canke Umunuko w’Imigende y’Imigende y’Amagi Yaboze Mu Gihe c’Igikonje Gikomeye (-15 C / 5 F canke n’ibindi)"] --> CO_Check["ICA MBERE: Suzuma inkengeri za CO & usuzume ko imyotsi y’ifuru/y’iboteri ITARI hejuru y’urubura"]

    CO_Check --> DiagTest{"1. Amazi yoba asubira hejuru ava mu nzu yo munsi y’ubutaka iyo ukoresheje igikarabiro hejuru?"}

    DiagTest -->|"EGO: Amazi mabi/amazi atagiramwo ibidengeri UP avuye mu nzira y'amazi iri hasi cane"| MainSewerClog["UMUGORORO W’AMAZI Y’IBIMENYETSO BIKURU YO MU BUVU URAZIBIRIJE CANKE URI MU RUHANDE RWO MU GIHUGU: Umuyoboro wo gusohoka wo hasi uva mu nzu urazibiye; HAGANIKA gukoresha amazi yose maze uhamagare umuhinga mu bijanye n'amazi y'imyanda"]

    DiagTest -->|"OYA: Amazi amaherezo aragenda, ARIKO ubwogero burapfuka ibibumbano vy’umuyaga, bugatera ijwi rirenga, kandi bukanyonka imitego yo hafi y’ivyo gukaraba/yo gukaraba yumutse"| FrostClosure["IVYO GUSOHORA UMWUKA WO GUSOHOKA KU GISEGE VYEMEZWE (‘Ugufunga kw’Umuyaga’): Umuyaga ntushobora kwinjira canke gusohoka hejuru y’umurongo w’amazi wa DWV"]

    FrostClosure --> RestoreTraps["IMMEDIAT GAZ BLOCK: Nimushire 500 mL (ibikombe 2) vy’amazi akanye mu gikarabiro cose, mu gikarabiro, mu gikarabiro, no mu gikarabiro co hasi kugira ngo wongere wuzuze imitego ya P ya sifoned"]

    RestoreTraps --> GroundLook["Intambwe hanze ukoresheje amataratara/telefone: Suzuma imiyoboro y’impwemu yo hejuru kugira ngo ubone igisenge c’ibizinu vyera"]

    GroundLook --> AtticCheck{"2. Woba ufise ikibanza co hejuru canke c’uruhome rw’ivi umuntu ashobora gushikako munsi y’aho umwuka usohokera?"}

    AtticCheck -->|"EGO: Inzu yo hejuru irashikwako"| AtticThaw["UBURONGOZI BWO MU MUTEKANO (ATTIC THAW): 1. Shira ahantu umuyoboro w’umuyaga w’uburebure bwa 50-100 mm (2-4 in) uhagaze wa PVC/ABS/Iron uri munsi y’igisenge 2. Shusha inyuma y’umuyoboro mu bugwaneza n’ivyo kwumisha umushatsi ku bitambaro vy’ibitambaro vy’amazi bishushe, canke ubizingire n’umuyoboro w’umuyoboro wa UL."]

    AtticCheck -->|"OYA: Igisenge gipfutse canke igisenge gisanzwe kitagira aho umuntu ashobora gushika"| VentFlush{"3. Hariho ikibanza co gusukura umwuka wo mu nzu yo hejuru, AAV tee, canke ikirundo c’umuyaga wumye gishobora gushikwako?"}

    VentFlush -->|"EGO: Igikoresho co gusukura umwuka wo hejuru/uruhome rwo hejuru kirashikwako"| SaltFlush["Gufungura hejuru buhoro buhoro igipfukisho co gusukura umwuka wumye; gaburira akarongo gatoyi k’iminota 6 (1/4 in) gashobora guhinduka canke akarongo n’amazi y’umunyu ASUSHYE (atateka) kugira ngo ufungure igipfukisho c’urubura KANDI usige igipfukisho gicagutse gatoyi (gifise igikingira) canke ushiremwo igipfukisho co kwinjiza umuyaga (AAV) c’igihe gito munsi y’ikinogo"]

    VentFlush -->|"OYA: Nta nzu yo hejuru canke y’umuyaga wumye kandi ikirere ni urubura cane ku bahinga"| TempAAV["INDOOR VACUUM RELIEF GUSHIKA IZUBA RISONKA GISEGE: 1. Gukoresha amazi ashushe mu gikarabiro n’igikarabiro mu minota 20 kugira ngo umwotsi ushushe uriko uraduga usubire barafu iva munsi 2. Uzuze P-traps inyuma y’ugusukura kwose 3. Shiraho umupfunda wo munsi y’igikarabiro Studor/AAV"]

Ikirundo c'umuyaga wo mu gisenge gikonje n'umugende w'imyanda wo munsi y'ubutaka: Uko womenya itandukaniro mu minota 2¶

Imbere yo gukoresha amadolari 400 uhamagara ikamyo y’imizi y’ivyihutirwa kugira ngo inzoke umurongo w’amazi y’imyanda yo mu rugo rwawe rw’imbere mu gicugu mu gicugu, koresha iyi meza yo gupima kugira ngo utandukanye ugufunga kw’urubura rw’umuyaga wo hejuru n’ugufunga kw’amazi y’imyanda yo munsi y’ubutaka.

Fizike ya "Frost Closure" n'ingene umuyaga wo mu gisenge ukonje utuma imitego yawe ya P yuma¶

1. Kubera iki umuyaga w’amazi y’imyanda uriko uraduga ukonja cane ku gisenge¶

Inzu yawe y'amazi y'imyanda (DWV) system ni umuyoboro w’umwotsi uhagaze uhuza umugende w’amazi y’imyanda canke itangi ry’amazi y’imyanda ry’igisagara hejuru biciye mu mpome zawe gushika mu kirere kiri hejuru y’igisenge cawe. Amazi y’imyanda n’ibidengeri vy’amazi y’imyanda biguma ku bushuhe bwa degre 12 gushika kuri 18 (degre 54 gushika kuri 65 Fahrenheit) umwaka wose, kandi amazi ashushe asuka umwotsi w’ubushuhe bwa degre 45 (degre 113-Fahrenheit) mu binogo vy’amazi. Kubera ko umuyaga ususurutse kandi utose ushobora gutera, inking igumaho y’umwotsi w’amazi ufise ubukonje 100 kw’ijana iraduga amasaha 24 ku musi ikaja hejuru y’ikirundo c’impwemu gihagaze.

Uko uwo muyaga ususurutse winjira mu metero 1 gushika kuri 1,5 (amafuti 3 gushika kuri 5) ya nyuma y’imiyoboro ica mu nzu yo hejuru itashushe (-15 C / 5 F) maze akaguma sentimetero 30 gushika kuri 45 (inci 12 gushika kuri 18) mu kirere c’ijoro kiri munsi ya zero (-25 C / -13 F), uruhome rw’imiyoboro rwerekanwa ruragwa kure cane munsi . 0 degrees Celsius (32 degrees Fahrenheit). Ubukonje bugenda buraduga burashikirwa n'ugushirwa mu bice vy'urubura vy'amababa (hoarfrost) ku ruhome rw’imbere. Ivyuma vy’urubura vyera bihurikiye hamwe birakura imbere nk’uruzitiro rw’ibara ry’agahama gushika aho ico kinogo co hagati gipfutse munsi y’urubura rukomeye. Mu Itegeko mpuzamakungu ryerekeye amazi (IPC Igice ca 903.2), Itegeko ryerekeye amazi rimwe (UPC Igice ca 906.7), na Itegeko ry’Igihugu ryerekeye amazi ryo muri Kanada (NPC Igice ca 2.5.6.5), ivyuho vy’amazi vyo mu gisenge bitegerezwa kuba 0llimeters to17s. kugeza kuri 4 inches) nibura sentimetero 30 (12 inches) imbere mu gipfukisho c’ubushuhe imbere y’uko yinjira mu gisenge; inzu zifise urukoba 38- canke 50-milimetero (1-1/2- or 2-inch) amazu yo mu gisenge arakonja ningoga cane.

2. Gutera umutego w'ubusa n'ugufuha kw'umwobo mwiza¶

Igikarabiro cose, igikarabiro cose, igikarabiro cose, n’igikarabiro cose co gukuramwo amazi hasi bishingiye ku P-trap igoramye ifise igipfukisho c’amazi ahagaze** (the trap seal) kugira ngo bazibire gazi y’amazi y’imyanda. Iyo umuyaga wo hejuru upfutse, amazi yose asohoka atuma ivyo bipfukisho vy’amazi bishikirwa n’inkomezi zibiri z’umuyaga: - Igitutu kibi (Vacuum Trap Siphoning): Iyo usukuye umwobo wo hejuru, amalita 6 (1,6 gallons) y’amazi aramanuka ku ruganda ruhagaze nk’ipistoni. Kubera ko ata muyaga ushobora kwinjira biciye mu mfuruka y’igisenge iri hejuru y’urubura, iyo nkoko y’amazi igwa iratuma haba ubusa bufise umuvuduko mubi (-500 to -1,500 Pascals / 2 to 6 inches of water column) imbere mu miyoboro y’amashami yo hejuru yonka amazi ahagaze ahereye mu mutego wo gukaraba canke wo gukaraba P-trap uri hafi, ugasiga umutego wumutse maze ugafungura umuyoboro ushika ku mugende w’imyanda. - Positive Back-Pressure (Toilet Bowl Blow-By): Hasi y’ikirundo gihagaze, umuyaga usunikirwa imbere y’igikoko c’amazi kigwa ntushobora guhunga uva ku gisenge, rero usunika inyuma ugaca hejuru biciye mu nzira y’umutego wo mu bwiherero bwo hasi, **ufuha ibibumbano vy’amazi y’imyanda

4 Uburyo bwiza bwo gufukura igisenge c'umuyaga gikonje ataco ushize ku gisenge c'urubura¶

Ntukigere uduga ingazi y’urubura canke ngo ugende ku bipande vy’igisenge vy’urushana. Koresha bumwe muri ubu buryo bune bwo mu nzu butekanye:

Uburyo bwa mbere: Uburyo bwo gutanga ubushuhe no kwikingira imbere mu nzu (Butekanye kandi bukora neza kuruta ubundi)¶

Niba ufise urugi rwo hejuru canke ingazi zishobora gukurwa munsi y’igisenge cawe: 1. Fata itara, ivyo kwumisha umushatsi, umugozi wo kwagura, n’uruzitiro rw’ivyuma vy’imiyoboro y’ifu y’impuzu y’impuzu (minimum 25 mm / 1-inch wall thickness) hejuru mu nzu yo hejuru. 2. Tora aho PVC (yera), ABS (iyirabura), ivyuma, canke umuringa w’amazi uca hejuru biciye mu gipfukisho c’igisenge. Gukora ku mutwe wa santimetero 30 gushika kuri 60 (amafuti 1 gushika kuri 2) y’umuyoboro uri munsi y’igisenge bituma haba ijwi rikomeye kandi ry’agahomerabunwa iyo urubura rwashitse munsi y’umurongo w’igisenge. 3. Susurutsa Inyuma y'Itiyo Mu Bugwaneza Uvuye Imbere mu Ngoro: - Nimba ari Icuma canke Umuringa: Zingira Umugozi wo gushushanya umuyagankuba w’umuyagankuba uri ku rutonde rwa UL mu nzira y’uruzitiro uja hejuru ku metero 1 (amafuti 3) y’umuyoboro w’icuma gushika munsi y’igisenge c’igisenge, canke ufate igikoresho co kwumisha umushatsi hejuru ku ruhome rw’umuyoboro w’icuma. Ivyuma bijana ubushuhe vyihuta hejuru biciye mu guca ibibatsi kw’igisenge, bikayonga ubucuti buri hagati y’igipfukisho c’urubura n’uruhome rw’umuyoboro mu minota 15 gushika kuri 25. - Nimba PVC yera canke ABS yirabura: Ntukigere ukoresha itara ry’umuriro canke imbunda y’ubushuhe ikuraho irangi (plastic softens above 60 C / 140 F). Fata igikoresho co kwumisha umushatsi ku bushuhe BURI MURI BURI MURI ukomeze gutera hejuru no hasi hejuru y’amasentimetero 45 (18 inches) y’umuyoboro uri munsi y’igisenge (ugumize umutwe 15 centimeters / 6 inches kure kugira ngo umufuko w’ipulasitike ugume ushushe neza mu tappe ku kiganza cawe), CANKE uzingire mu bitambaro bishushe pi. 4. Umvirize "Clunk-Whoosh" Drop maze Insulate Immediately: Igihe ubushuhe buyoroshe bushushanya uruhome rw'umuyoboro ku degre 1 hejuru y'ubukonje, igipfukisho c'ubukonje c'umubiri kiratandukana maze kigaca kimanuka ku muyoboro w'ikirundo gihagaze n'ikirungo, kigasenyuka ataco kitwaye mu muyoboro. Zingira uburebure bwose bw’inzu yo hejuru y’umuyoboro w’impwemu n’ivyuma vy’umuyoboro w’impuzu vy’impuzu n’ivyuma vy’impuzu gushika ku gisenge kugira ngo umwotsi uriko uraduga ugume ushushe gushika usohotse ku gisenge.

Uburyo bwa 2: Uburyo bwo gukaraba n'ugukaraba mu bwogero bushushe "Inkingi y'umuriro ija hejuru" (Nta nzira yo gushika ku nzu yo hejuru)¶

Nimba ubwogero bwawe bwicaye munsi y’igisenge gipfutse canke igisenge gipfutse ata n’aho umuntu ashobora gushika, rindira gushika isaha y’ubushuhe kuruta izindi zo ku muhingamo (1:00 PM to 3:00 PM), genda mu bwogero bwo hejuru cane buri munsi y’ikirundo c’amazi ashushe yo mu gisenge, hanyuma uhindure uruzitiro rw’amazi ashushe ruri mu gikarabiro co mu bwogero n’uruzitiro rw’amazi ashushe ku mugezi udahinduka kandi uringaniye (49 to 54 degrees Celsius / 120 to 130 degrees Fahrenheit) mu minota 20 gushika kuri 30. Uko amazi ashushe asusurutsa iyo tee y’isuku imbere mu ruhome, arungika inking y’umwotsi w’uburebure bwa degre 45 za Celsius (degre 113-Fahrenheit)** ugenda ugororotse uja hejuru y’umuyoboro w’impwemu uhagaze uja hejuru y’igisenge, ugatuma umuyoboro wo guhema uca mu bipande vy’umuyaga bitobito biva munsi.

Uburyo bwa 3: Igikoresho co hejuru co gusukura amazi y'umunyu asusurutse¶

Nimba igipande co hejuru co gushikamwo amazi canke ikibanza co hejuru kirimwo igipfukisho co gusukura gifise urudodo (test tee) ushitse ku ikirundo c’impwemu c’umwuma gihagaze hejuru y’uruzitiro rw’umwuzure rwo hejuru cane, uvange litiro 4 (galoni 1) z’amazi yo mu ruzi asusurutse (ATABIRI) (45 C / 113 F) n’amagarama 500 (ibikombe 2) vy’umunyu wo ku meza canke umunyu wo ku rutare (sodium chloride) gushika bivuye (eutectic freezing point -21 C / -6 F). Kugaburira amazi y’umunyu asusurutse biciye mu nzira y’amazi n’agatobo gatoyi mu gitereko co hejuru c’umuyaga wumye bica bipfuka ibipfukisho vy’ubukonje buke ata gusubira gukonja imbere mu muyoboro ukanye.

Uburyo bwa 4: Gukuraho umwuka wo mu nzu mu gihe c’ivyihutirwa (Gushiramwo umuvuduko wo kwinjiza umuyaga wo munsi y’ikinogo AAV)¶

Nimba ari -30 degrees Celsius (-22 degrees Fahrenheit) hanze n’igihuhusi, ufise zero attic access, kandi urubura runini ruri ku gisenge ntiruzoshonga gushika izuba rigarutse, urashobora gusubizaho imbere mu nzu umuyaga wo mu kirere (vacuum relief) nyene munsi y'igikarabiro cawe co kwogeramwo mu minota 15 ata n'umwe yurira igisenge: 1. Gura Igikoresho co Kwinjiza Umuyaga (AAV / Studor Vent, ASSE 1051 / EN 12380 yemejwe, $20 ku iduka ryose ry’ibikoresho). 2. Munsi y’igikarabiro co mu bwogero co hejuru kiri hafi cane y’umwobo uvuza induru, fungura ivyuma bifatanya n’ibindi bihimba vy’umubiri biri ku 38-millimeter (1-1/2-inch) P-trap arm ija mu ruhome maze ugashiramwo adapteur ya AAV tee ifise igikoresho co gutera imbere gihagaze n’Igikoresho co kwinjiza umuyaga gishizwe hejuru cane munsi y’igikarabiro c’amazi uko bishoboka kwose. 3. Igihe cose umwobo usukuye kandi ugatuma umuvuduko mubi w’ubusa imbere mu mirongo y’amazi, umugozi w’inzira imwe uri imbere mu gitereko co munsi y’amazi AAV uraduga ufunguka mu masegonda 2, ukareka umuyaga wo mu cumba wiruka mu muyoboro w’amazi kugira ngo uvune ubusa si**trad kugira ngo ubwogero bwawe bube bumeze neza. Igihe nyene iyo nzira y’ugusukura irangiriye, iyo diaphragme irafunga neza, igahagarika 100 kw’ijana y’umuyagankuba w’amazi y’imyanda.

Ugukingira urushana ubudasiba: 5 vyavuguruwe kugira ngo umwuka wo hejuru y'igisenge cawe ntusubire gukonja¶

Inomero z'ivyihutirwa zo mu karere n'amategeko y'ibigo¶

• Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika na Canada:
• Ubuzima-Umutekano, Umunuko wa Gazi, canke Ivyihutirwa vya Gazi: Hamagara 911 ubwo nyene iyo inkengeri y’umuyagankuba ivuga (yerekana ko umuyaga w’ifuru yawe/wo mu gitereko cawe na wo nyene wafunze) canke iyo udashobora gutandukanya nimba umunuko ukomeye wa gazi ari gazi kameremercaptan) canke gazi y’imyanda (hydrogen sulfide).
• Itegeko ryo gufunga amazi n’ubukonje: Gengwa n’amategeko mpuzamakungu yerekeye amazi (IPC Igice ca 903.2: igisenge c’amabuye y’agaciro gifise uburebure bwa milimetero 75 / 3-inch gishizwemwo 300 mm / 12 inches imbere mu gipfukisho c’ubushuhe)**, **Uniform P6Uction and Itegeko ry’igihugu ry’ivy’amazi ryo muri Canada (Ingingo ya 2.5.6.5 ya NPC).
• Ubwami bw'Ubwongereza:
• Ivyihutirwa vya gazi canke umwotsi: Hamagara Igihugu gijejwe ivyihutirwa vya gazi kuri 0800 111 999 iyo wicura ko hari gaze y’amazi ivuye iruhande y’iminuko y’imigende, canke 999 kugira ngo ubone imfashanyo y’ugutabara umuriro.
• Umuyoboro w'Ivu (SVP) Ivyagezwe: Bigenwa n’Ivyagezwe vy’inyubako vyemejwe Inyandiko H (Igice ca H1) na BS EN 12056-2. Mu Bwongereza, hanze 110 mm (4-inch) PVC-U Ivu n'Imiyoboro y'Impeho (SVPs) akenshi zihera imbere mu nzu yo hejuru biciye ku BS EN 12380 A1-Igikoresho co Kwinjiza Umuyaga (Durgo valve). Suzuma ko ama valve ya Durgo yo mu nzu afise igipfukisho cayo c’urubura c’i polystyrène.
• Ubumwe bw'Uburayi:
• Ibikorwa vy’ubutabazi bwihutirwa: Hamagara 112 mu bihugu vyose bigize Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi. Mu Budagi (DIN 1986-100 / RU 12056), muri Scandinavie no mu turere tw’imisozi miremire, hariho ibipfukisho vy’impwemu vyo ku gisenge (Lüftungsleitungen über Dach) ategerezwa kuguma yuzuye DN 100 igice c’umusaraba ata bipfukisho vy’udukoko bikeyi bifise urubura hejuru (Reifverschluss), n’imbere Ivyuma vy’Ikirere (Belüftungsventile ku EN 12380) bitegerezwa kwicara ahantu hatagira urubura.
• Ostraliya na Nouvelle-Zélande:
• Ibikorwa vy’ubutabazi: Hamagara 000 muri Australiya canke 111 muri Nouvelle-Zélande. Mu turere tw’imisozi miremire two muri NSW, Victoria, Tasmania be n’Izinga ryo mu Bumanuko rya Nouvelle-Zélande, imiyoboro y’isuku (DN 50 canke DN 100) bitegerezwa gukingirwa n’uguhamba kw’ibipande vy’urubura no gupfungwa n’urubura hakurikijwe AS/NZS 3500.2.
• Ubuhinde na Aziya-Pasifike:
• Inomero z’ivyihutirwa: Hamagara 112 mu Buhindi; 119 mu Buyapani no muri Koreya y’Epfo; 995 muri Singapuru. Mu buraruko bw’Ubuyapani (MLIT SHASE-S 206 standards) no muri Koreya y’Epfo, amabarabara y’ugusohora umwuka wo mu gisenge mu bice vy’urubura rwinshi akoresha amaboko y’inkuta zibiri n’ibipfukisho vy’urubura.

Ibibazo bikunda kubazwa¶

Nomenya gute nimba umunuko w’amagi yaboze uri mu nzu yanje ari gazi y’amazi y’imyanda iva mu mutego wa P wumye canke ari gazi y’ibidukikije iteye akaga?¶

Gazi y’amazi y’imyanda (irimwo sulfure d’hydrogène) be na gaz kavukire canke propane (imota neza ethyl mercaptan) zompi zimota nk’amagi aboze. Nimba uwo muco ukomeye, ukwiragiye, canke uherekejwe n’ijwi ryose ry’ugusemerera hafi y’igikoresho canke igipimo ca gazi, uce uvayo utahinduye ama switch maze uhamagara 911/112/999 canke ishirahamwe ryawe ry’amazi uri hanze. Iyo uwo muco uri muto, ukaba uri mu bwogero ubwo nyene inyuma y’aho umwobo uvuze, ugahera mu minota 10 umaze gusuka amazi akanye angana na militiro 500 (ibikombe 2) mu binogo vy’amazi vyo mu bwogero no mu binogo vy’amazi kugira ngo bisubire kwuzuza imitego yabo ya P no gusambura idirisha, vyari umutego w’amazi y’imyanda.

Ni kubera iki gusuka amazi ashushe mu bwiherero bwanje bitatumye umuyaga w’amazi wari warakonje wari ku gisenge?¶

Mu bijanye n’amazi yo mu nzu yitwa Drain-Waste-Vent (DWV), amazi amanuka mu bwiherero aja hasi aciye mu muyoboro w’amazi atose uri munsi y’ivu aja mu nzira y’amazi y’imyanda, mu gihe umuyoboro w’amazi w’umuyaga utera amashami aja hejuru inyuma y’uruhome yerekeza ku gisenge kandi nta na rimwe atwara amazi y’amazi. Gusuka amazi ashushe mu gitereko c’umwobo bituma amazi asusurutse amanuka mu nzira y’amazi y’imyanda yo mu nzu yo munsi y’ubutaka mu gihe usiga umuyoboro w’umuyaga wumye hejuru y’umutwe wawe metero 5 mu nzu yo hejuru y’igorofa y’ubukonje itakozweko. Ikibi kuruta, gusuka amazi ashushe mu bwiherero bukonje bw’ivyuma vy’ibara ry’agahama birasaduka igikombe c’ivyuma vy’ibara ry’agahama maze bigatuma impeta y’ibishashara iri hasi ipfuka. Amazi ashushe yo mu ruzi mu gikarabiro co hejuru cane no kwiyuhagira iminota 20 gushika kuri 30 kugira ngo umwotsi uriko uraduga ugende hejuru y’ikirundo c’impwemu yumye.

Nshobora gusuka umuti wo gukingira ubukonje (RV propylene glycol) mu bwogero bwanje P-traps kugira ngo zihagarike gusifona iyo nsukura umwobo?¶

Gusuka umuti udatera ubumara RV (`propylene glycol`) mu mutego wa P bibuza gusa amazi ari muri iyo U-bend gukonja mu nzu idashushe; ntizohagarika ikirundo c’impwemu co mu gisenge cakonjeje kugira ngo kiyonke amazi mu mutego igihe usukura umwobo. Iyo umugende w’amazi wo mu gisenge ufunze, ubusa buterwa n’amazi yo mu bwiherero agwa litiro 6 (amagaloni 1,6) burakwegera amazi yose yicara imbere mu gikarabiro canke umutego wo mu gikarabiro uri hafi, akamanuka mu muyoboro w’amazi. Uzuza umutego wa P igikombe c’amazi akanye yo mu ruzi inyuma yo gusukura buri gihe canke ushiremwo umupfunda wo kwinjira mu muyaga wo munsi y’ibarabara gushika aho umwuka wo hejuru upfutse.

Ni kuki ubwogero bumwe gusa bwo mu nzu yanje buvuza induru kandi bukanukira nk’umuyaga w’amazi y’imyanda mu gihe hari ubukonje bwinshi mu gihe ubundi bwogero bukora neza?¶

Inzu nyinshi z’amagorofa abiri zifise utuzu tw’impwemu two mu gisenge turenga umwe, canke zifise utuzu dutoduto tw’amashami y’inyuma tw’imilimetero 38 gushika kuri 50 (inci 1,5 gushika kuri 2) zikoresha ubwogero bukuru canke izinga ry’igikoni iruhande y’ibarabara ry’umuyaga ry’uburebure bwa milimetero 75 gushika kuri 100 (inci 3 gushika kuri 4). Kubera ko umuyoboro mutoyi w’imilimetero 50 (inci 2) ufise gusa ica kane c’uburebure bw’imbere bw’umuyoboro w’imilimetero 100 (inci 4) kandi akenshi uca mu nzira ndende cane ica mu nzu yo hejuru ikanye, uwo muyoboro mutoyi w’inyuma urakonja cane n’ubukonje bukomeye buguma ku bushuhe bwa -18 degrees Celsius (0) gufungura.

Mbega umuyoboro w’amazi wo mu gisenge wari warakonje woba uzoturika maze utume amazi asohoka mu gisenge canje co hejuru iyo uzoba ushonze?¶

Oya, igipfukisho c’urubura kiri hejuru y’ikirundo c’amazi co mu gisenge hafi ntigishobora gucagura umuyoboro kugira ngo ntiwaguke nk’uko umuyoboro w’amazi w’umuringa ukoresheje umukazo uturika iyo ukonjeje. Mu buryo butandukanye n’umuyoboro w’amazi wo mu nzu wugarijwe wuzuye amazi y’amazi ari munsi y’ibilopascal 400 (60 psi), ikirundo c’amazi y’amazi ni umuyoboro w’umuyaga wuguruye udafise umukazo aho amabuye y’agaciro y’urubura ashobora gutera hejuru ku mpome z’imbere. Ariko rero, gutera umuyoboro w’igisenge ca PVC uri munsi ya zero n’inyondo canke igiti kugira ngo umene urubura, bizomenagura ivyuma bimenagurika biri munsi y’igisenge bica ibibatsi maze amazi y’imvura akaja mu nzu yo hejuru ku musi ukurikira w’ubushuhe.

Noba noshira igipfukisho c’imvura, T-top canke igipfukisho ku muyoboro w’amazi yo mu gisenge canje kugira ngo urubura ntiruje?¶

Oya, mu bihe bikanye aho ubushuhe bwo mu rushana bugabanuka munsi ya degre -10 Celsius (degre 14 Fahrenheit), kwongerako igipfukisho c’imvura c’icuma kizibira, igipfukisho c’ibizinu canke igipfukisho c’udukoko ciza cane hejuru y’ikirundo c’amazi y’amazi, biratuma haba ingorane zo gufunga urubura mu rushana. Igikoresho cose c’ivyuma gikonje canke igipfukisho c’urusenga cicaye hakurya y’inzira y’umwotsi w’amazi y’imyanda ushushe kandi ufise ubukonje 100 kw’ijana gikora nk’igikoresho co gukonja, kigakorakoranya urubura rw’umukara maze kigafunga mw’ijoro rimwe gusa ry’amazi y’imyanda. Amategeko agenga ivy’amazi asaba ko ibirundo vy’impwemu vyo ku gisenge biguma ari imiyoboro ihagaze yuguruye (`upsized to 75 to 100 mm / 3 to 4 inches in frost zones and insulated in the attic`).

Inyobora zifitaniye isano¶

• Amatiyo yakonje: ingene womenya aho igipfukisho c'urubura kiri, ukongera amatiyo ataco akora, no kwirinda guturika
• Amavuta yo munsi y'ubutaka canke umunuko w'amazi y'imyanda, umutego w'amazi y'imyanda wo hasi yumye, na metane
• Ubuhinga bukomeye bw'amazi n'umwobo canke umugende w'imyanda useseka
• Urubura rwinshi, ibidengeri vy'urubura, no kwirinda gusenyuka kw'igisenge
• Ububiko bw'inomero z'ivyihutirwa

Amasoko n'ubuyobozi buzwi¶

• Inama Mpuzamakungu y'Itegeko (ICC): *Itegeko Mpuzamakungu ry'Ivy'Amazi (IPC) Igice ca 903.2 (Ugufunga Imbeho: Ibisabwa vyo Gukuraho Ugusohoka kw'Igisenge kw'Inci 3 n'Ivyongereza Ibarabara ry'Ubushuhe) n'Igice ca 918 (Ivyuma vyo Kwinjiramwo Umuyaga / AS15)1.
• Inama y’Igihugu y’Ubushakashatsi ya Canada (NRC): Itegeko ry’Igihugu ry’Ivy’Amazi ryo muri Canada (NPC) Ingingo ya 2.5.6.5 (Ivyuma n’Ukurinda Ugufunga Imbeho ku Birundo vy’Ivyuma vyo ku Gisenge).
• Ishirahamwe mpuzamakungu ry’abajejwe ivy’amazi n’ivy’amashini (IAPMO): Itegeko ry’ivy’amazi (UPC) Igice ca 906.7 (Ukurinda gufunga urubura canke urubura ku bibanza vy’amazi y’isuku).
• Ikigo c'igihugu kijejwe umutekano n'ubuzima ku kazi (NIOSH) & Ibigo bijejwe kugenzura no kwirinda indwara (CDC): Igitabo co mu mufuko ca NIOSH ku bibazo vy'imiti: Imipaka yo gushikirwa n'ivyuma vy'amazi (H2S), urushe rwo kunumva, n'umutekano w'amazi y'imyanda mu nyubakwa.
• Ishirahamwe ry'Abanyamerika ry'Ivy'Isuku (ASSE): ASSE 1051 / Itegeko rya ANSI ry'Ivyuma vy'Umuyaga vy'Umuntu ku giti ciwe n'Ishami vy'Ivyuma vy'Isuku.