Kugwa kw’Ifarasi, Ikirenge Cafashwe n’Ikigobe, n’Igikomere c’Ifarasi¶

Gutwara ifarasi, gutwara inzira, gukora ibirori, no gukorana n’ikiraro birimwo gukorana n’igikoko gipima ibilo 450 gushika kuri 700 (amapawundi 1.000 gushika ku 1.500) gifise itara ryicaye 1,5 gushika kuri 1,8 s (amafuti 5 gushika kuri 6) hejuru y’amafuti 5 gushika kuri 600. ibilometero kw’isaha (ibilometero 25 gushika kuri 40 kw’isaha)**. Kubera ko umugendesha amafarasi agwa avuye ku kirere kirenze aho ahagaze mu gihe akenshi ariko aragenda n’umuvuduko mwinshi, impanuka ziterwa n’amafarasi zituma umuntu akomereka cane mu bwonko, akavunika umugongo w’inkondo y’umura, akavunika ingingo z’imbere mu gitereko kw’isaha y’ugukina umupira w’amaguru. Amafarasi na yo nyene arafise ingeramizi zitatu zidasanzwe zidasanzwe ata modoka y’ubuhinga isangiye: gukururwa hasi n’ikirenge gipfutse mu cuma gifata amafarasi mu gihe ifarasi iteye ubwoba itera amabuye, igwa mu nzira y’uguzunguruka (ugutera kw’ifarashi) aho ifarasi y’igice c’itoni itera hejuru y’ifarashi y’ifarashi y’itoni. na ibipfunsi vy’inyuma vy’imirongo ibiri bitanga Newtons 8.000 gushika ku 10.000 (inguvu z’amapawundi 1.800 gushika ku 2.200) bifise ibinono vy’inkweto z’icuma mu masegonda 0,15.

Kurokoka ivyihutirwa vy’amafarasi bisaba kumenya ingene wokingira umugongo wawe w’inkondo y’umura no gukura inkweto zawe ku bipfukisho mu gihe uriko uragwa, ingene wohagarika ifarasi iriko irakwegakwega umugendezi afise urusenga atayikurikira canke ngo asemerere inyuma yayo (ivyo bikaba bituma umugendezi w’ifarashi yihuta cane), kwegera neza no gukura umugendezi yaguye mu karere k’ibinono, n’ingene womenya amaraso yihishije yo mu mutima avuye ku gutera ikinono canke gukubitwa n’ihembe ry’itara.

Ivyo ubikore ubu¶

Nimba uriko uragwa ku ifarasi ubu nyene, canke ubona ifarasi ikwegwakwegwa, izunguruka, canke ifarasi itera umupira vyihutirwa, nushireho ibi bikorwa bitandatu ubwo nyene:

1. Igihe ikirenge c’umugendesha w’ifarashi yaguye gifashwe n’ifarashi iriko irabakurura, NTUKIRUKE inyuma y’ifarashi canke ngo usemerere: Amafarasi ni ibikoko bifatwa n’inyamaswa; kwiruka inyuma y’ifarashi iteye ubwoba canke gusemerera bituma itera imbere n’inguvu nyinshi mu gihe itera amaguru inyuma ataco ihinduye ku muntu ariko arasimbuka akuruwe inyuma y’ibirenge vyayo. Nimba uri umugendesha ariko arakwegwakwegwa, wizingire mu mupira ushikamye, ushire ikibuno cawe mu gikiriza, uzingire amaboko yompi hejuru y’igihanga cawe n’ibirenge vyawe, hanyuma ugerageze guhindukiza igitsintsiri c’inkweto yawe mu cuma canke ukureho igipfukisho co kurekura ivyihutirwa kiri ku mpuzu yawe y’umuyaga ishobora gufutwa. Nimba uri hasi, kata mu mfuruka imbere y’ifarashi kugira ngo uzibire inzira yayo mu mfuru canke mu murongo w’uruzitiro mu gihe uvuga mw’ijwi ritoyi, ry’ubute, ry’agahomerabunwa ("Whoa, easy, whoa") kandi uzunguza indobo y’ibifungurwa canke intete zivuza induru iyo zihari.
2. Niwaba uri ku yindi farasi iyo umugenzi aguye canke ariko arakwegwakwegwa, uhagarike canke ushire buhoro ifarasi yawe kugira ngo igende ubwo nyene: Amafarasi arafise instinct herd-flight ikomeye. Iyo ifarasi yawe ibandanya gutembera canke gutembera, iyo farasi irekuye canke ikwega izokwiruka kugira ngo igende n’iyawe. Zana iyindi farasi yose iri mu kibuga canke mu nzira kugira ngo ihagarare ubwo nyene, uyimanuke, maze umuntu umwe afate neza amafarasi yose arekuye kure y’uwuyigenderako yakomeretse.
3. Kwimurira umugendesha yaguye GUSA iyo ari mu kaga ko gukandagirwa canke guterwa n’ifarashi ifashwe canke iriko irakubita: Ntukigere wimurira umugendezi ataco azi canke yakomeretse mw’izosi ahantu hafunguye. Ariko rero, nimba iyo farasi yaguye hejuru canke iruhande y’uwuyigenderako mu nzira ndende, mu nzira ikwega, canke mu mwobo wo gusimbukamwo kandi iriko iratera ibinono vyayo kugira ngo ihagarare, fata uwuyigendera ku bitugu vy’ikoti ryiwe canke munsi y’ibirenge vyose bibiri mu gihe ushigikiye umutwe wiwe hagati y’amaboko yawe y’imbere maze umukwegere agororotse a backwards a long of the forearms zone yabo.
4. Siga inkofero y’amafarasi ON maze ushire umugongo w’intanga n’amaboko: Keretse iyo umugendesha atariko arahumeka canke ariko araruha cane kandi ariko aranyiganyiga imbere mu nkofero y’amafarasi yuzuye mu maso, reka inkofero y’amafarasi mu kibanza cayo, unclip umugozi w’ikibuno gusa iyo iriko iranyiganyiga umuhogo wa holmet be, na sithl he kne guhagarara neza mu kibanza kitagira aho kigarukira (ibikomere vyo mu mugongo).
5. Nimba umugendesha yambaye impuzu y’umuyaga CO2 kandi afise ingorane zo guhema, uyifungure canke uyikuremwo umwuka ubwo nyene: Iyo umugozi w’impuzu y’umuyaga ukwegakwega mu gihe umuntu aguye, iyo mpuzu iravyuka cane kugira ngo ikomere umubiri. Igihe uwugendera ku mafarasi amaze kuryama hasi, igitambaro co mu muyaga gipfutse cane kirashobora kumubuza kwaguka kw’igikiriza cose canke gukandagira ku mbavu zivunitse; ufungure amaboko y’imbere y’ipulasitike canke ufungure cartouche ya CO2 igice c’urugendo kugira ngo umugendesha ashobore guhema cane ataco azunguruka umugongo.
6. Hamagara abajejwe ivy’ubutabazi maze uhagarike umuntu akekwa ko afise ubuvune bw’igihimba c’irondoka inyuma y’aho ifarasi yose imenetse canke itereye ikinono: Hamagara abo mu karere iwanyu inomero z'ivyihutirwa (911 muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika no muri Kanada, 112 mu bihugu vyose vy’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi, 999 mu Bwongereza). Iyo ifarasi iguye ku mugendesha ("ugugwa kw'uguhinduka") canke igatera ikirenge mu mubiri wayo, wiyumvire ko amaraso yo mu mubiri ashobora gutuma apfa canke "igitabu gifunguye" c'igihimba c'irondoka: NTUzungurutse umugendesha ku ruhande rwiwe kiretse iyo arutse, uzingire ijaketi canke igitambaro kugira ngo ushire amagufa y'itako ryiwe mubagumye bashushe gushika abaganga bafasha abakomeretse bashitse (raba Guhagarara neza kw'ivunika ry'igihimba c'irondoka no kugenzura amaraso ava imbere).

Igiti c'ingingo y'ubuhinga bwo kugwa kw'abagendera ku mafarasi, gukurura umugozi, no gutera ibipfunsi vyihutirwa¶

Koresha iki giti c’ingingo y’ibikorwa kugira ngo uhuze ugukingira ifarasi n’ukwitwararika abagendera ku mafarasi mu gihe c’impanuka y’amafarasi canke y’ikigega.

flowchart TD
    Start["Gugwa, Gukurura, canke Gutera Ivyihutirwa"] --> DragCheck{"1. Mbega uwo mugendesha ifarasi aracari afise ububohe canke afise umutego hafi y’ifarashi?"}
    DragCheck -->|"A. Ikirenge gifashwe n'Ikirenge (Ikirenge gikora)"| StopHorse["1. Abagendera ku mafarasi: Bapfuke umupira, bapfuke umutwe/izosi n’amaboko<br/>2. Abari aho: NTIMUKURE canke ngo muvugire induru; guhagarika ayandi mafarasi yose, gufunga amarembo y'ikibuga, guhagarika utuje imbere y'urutugu"]
    DragCheck -->|"B. Ifarasi Yaguye ku Mugendesha (Igipfunsi c'Ifarasi / Igipfukisho c'Ibarabara)"| ClearHooves["Rindira amasegonda 2 kugira ngo ifarasi izunguruka itere hejuru kure y’uwuyigenderako; iyo ifarasi ifashe/ikubita inches kuva ku mugendesha, gukurura umugendesha mu murongo ku bitugu kure y'aho ikinono kigeze"]
    DragCheck -->|"C. Umugendezi Asohoka Hasi / Atera Ikirenge mu Kigega"| CatchLoose["Gushinga umuntu umwe gufata no kujana ifarasi irekuye kure kugira ngo ntishobore gusubira inyuma no gukandagira uwo yagirizwa"]
    StopHorse --> FreeBoot["Fata neza umugozi/inkoni z’ifarashi ku mutwe; gukuraho urukoba rwo gukingira itara CANKE gufungura umugozi kugira ngo ubohore ikirenge cafashwe ata kugoranya ukuguru kwavunitse"]
    ClearHooves --> TriageRider{"2. Gusuzuma inzira y'impwemu y'umugendesha, guhema n'umugongo"}
    CatchLoose --> TriageRider
    FreeBoot --> TriageRider
    TriageRider -->|"Ntiyishura / Ntahumeka"| StartCPR["Hamagara 911/112/999, ushireko umupira w’umuyaga, ushire igiti ku ijosi ry’umugongo, utangure 30:2 CPR"]
    TriageRider -->|"Guhema: Gutera umutwe canke gutera umutwe"| SpinePelvis["1. Guhagarika umugongo C n'amaboko (gumize inkofero ON)<br/>2. Gufungura igitambaro c’umuyaga gipfutse ku gikiriza<br/>3. NTUKORE log-roll iyo wikeka ko ufise igihimba c’irondoka; Boha amafyigo ku bibero no kuvura uguhungabana kwo mu mutima"]

Uburyo bwo kugereranya: uburyo bwo gukora impanuka ku mafarasi, uburyo bwo gukomeretswa, n'ivyo gushira imbere¶

Ivyigwa bitandukanye vyo gutwara n’ibikorwa vyo mu kigega bituma haba inguvu zitandukanye z’ubuhinga n’ingorane zihishijwe zo gukomeretswa imbere mu mutima.

Kwibira kure cane 1: Uko wogwa neza uvuye ku ifarasi maze ugahunga ukukwegwakwegwa n'inkoni¶

Naho ata buhinga bushobora gukuraho ibikomere iyo ifarasi iguye mu nzira y’umuvuduko munini, abagendera ku mafarasi, abagendera ku mafarasi be n’abamenyereza b’amafarasi bigisha imyimenyerezo ibiri y’ubuhinga bwo kurokoka igabanura cane ingorane zo kuvunika umugongo w’intanga no gukururwa n’ibirenge.

1. Ivyihutirwa vyo gumanuka n'ivyo "Tuck-and-Roll" bigwa¶

Iyo wumva ko utagira uburimbane ku buryo udashobora gukira (nk’akarorero, ifarasi ihagaze ipfuye ku ruzitiro kandi ukaba umaze guca mu matwi yayo, canke ifarasi iriko irakura inyuma kandi iriko irahindukira): 1. Ikubita Ibirenge Vyompi Mu Birenge Ubwo nyene: Ikintu kimwe gusa gihambaye kuruta ibindi vyose imbere yo gutera hasi ni ugutandukanya umubiri wawe wose n’ifarashi y’ibilo 550 (amapawundi 1.200). N’umwete, ushire amano yawe gatoyi canke usunike inkweto zompi zitagira ivyuma vy’ugutera. 2. Reka Intsinga (Keretse Gucungera Intsinga yoroshe): Abagendera ku mafarasi benshi bigishwa bakiri abana "kutigera barekura intsinga." Ariko rero, iyo ufashe ku nkoko z’umugozi mu gihe uriko uragwa mu muvuduko munini canke igihe uriko uranyerera uva ku ruhande rw’ifarashi iteye ubwoba, inkogo zikwegera umutwe wawe n’umubiri wawe ataco uhinduye munsi y’ibinono vy’imbere vy’ifarashi canke zikwegera ifarasi iriko irarera inyuma hejuru y’igikiriza cawe. Reka intsinga kugira ngo ifarasi ishobore gusimbuka ikure ku mubiri wawe. 3. Nesha "FOOSH" (Gugwa Ku Kiganza Rambuye) Reflex maze Ushire Ikibuno Cawe: - Gufatanya amaboko yompi agororotse n’ibitugu bipfutse kugira ngo wifate hasi uri ku burebure bwa metero 2 (amafuti 6,5) bica bitera ukuboko (ugucagura kwa Colles), ukuboko kw’imbere, ibitugu canke igufa ry’urutugu, kandi nta co bikora kugira ngo umutwe wawe ntukubite mu mukungugu. - Ahubwo, ushire ikibuno cawe mu gikiriza cawe, ushire ibitugu vyawe mu mbavu zawe, ushire umugongo wawe nk’umukinyi w’umupira w’amaguru, maze ushire intumbero yo gutera hasi n’igice co hanze c’urutugu rumwe n’umugongo wo hejuru, uzungurutse mu buryo bugororotse ku mugongo wawe no ku bibero vyawe kugira ngo ushire imbere inguvu z’imbere ku 3-focent a than-0)1. (4-inch) guhagarara guhagaze.

2. Uko wobohora umugendesha inkweto yiwe ipfutse mu cuma¶

Igihe umugendezi yambaye inkweto z’umupira w’amaguru zifise amaguru asongoye canke inkweto zo gutembera n’amaguru zifise ibirenge bikomeye (zitagira igitsintsiri gitandukanye co gutwara 25-ku-38-millimeters / 1-ku-1.5-inch) canke akoresheje ivyuma vy’ugukwegakwega cane uburenge) canke buke cane (butera igice cagutse kuruta ibindi vyose c’ikirenge).

   [EMERGENCY STIRRUP RELEASE ON AN ENGLISH SADDLE]

   [Saddle Skirt] (Lift leather flap up)
        |
   [ Edelstahl Stirrup Bar ] <---Safety Thumb Catch (Keep DOWN / OPEN at all times)
        |
        +=== [Stirrup Leather Strap] ===> Pull strap STRAIGHT BACKWARD off the bar
                                          to release the entire stirrup & trapped boot

Igihe abayitwara bamaze gufata ifarasi batuje maze bakayihagarika mu gufata umugozi wayo hafi y’aho ifarasi ifata: - Ntukigere uhagarara inyuma y’ifarashi canke ngo utere ku kuguru kw’umugendesha: Iyo umugendesha yakwezwe, igihimba ciwe c’imbere, igihimba c’irondoka, canke igihimba c’irondoka gishobora kuba caravunitse, kandi gukurura cane ku nkweto yiwe kugira ngo uyikure inyuma biciye mu cuma c’icuma bishobora guca umutsi w’ibirenge canke ugaca umutsi w’ibirenge canke ugaca umutsi w’ibirenge. - Ku ntambara y'icongereza (Gutoza, Gusimbuka, Gukoresha vyose): 1. Reka umuntu umwe atuje afate umutwe w’ifarashi neza ku nzira y’umugozi (ahagaze ku ruhande rumwe n’uwuguye kugira ngo ifarasi ihindukire inyuma yayo kure y’uwuguye iyo ihindukiye). 2. Hagurutsa agapfukisho k’ijipo gatoyi k’urukoba ku mfuruka yo hejuru y’imbere y’ibarabara aho umugozi w’urukoba rw’ibarabara umanitse ku cuma igiti c’ibarabara. 3. Kurura umugozi w’urukoba rw’ifarashi ugororotse inyuma werekeza ku murizo w’ifarashi kugira ngo unyereze uruzitiro rwose rw’urukoba n’icuma c’ifarashi bive ku nzira y’ifarashi mu segonda imwe. Umugozi umaze gutandukana n’ifarashi, banza uyirongore ku metero 10 imbere y’uko uyikurako buhoro buhoro icuma kidakomeye ku mpuzu y’uwuyigenderako. - Ku ntambara y'uburengero (Itambara ry'ububiko / ry'inzira): 1. Ivyuma vy’uburengero ni imigozi y’urukoba nini iboshe canke iboshe ku giti c’ibiti/ivy’ibara ry’agahama kandi ntibishobora gukurwa ku giti co gukingira mu segonda imwe. 2. Iyo inkweto y’umugendesha ipfutse cane imbere mu gipfukisho co mu Burengero kandi ifarasi iriko irajugumira canke iriko iratera ubwoba bwo gusubira gutera, Ushobora gukata igipfukisho c’urukoba hobble/fender n’icumu ry’ikigega ry’urukoba ry’urukoba ry’ifarashi ry’agahomerabunwa (wama ukata kure y’uruhande rw’ifarashi kugira ngo ntutere lagoti the strap the whole saddle off mu gihe abantu babiri bashigikiye ukuguru kw’uwuyigendera kugira ngo ifarasi ishobore guca ijana.

Kwibira kure cane 2: Ifarasi iragwa ("horse somersaults") n'ukwitaho igihimba c'irondoka / igihimba c'irondoka¶

Mu gukina umupira w’amaguru, gusimbuka, guhigira imbwebwe, no gutwara imisozi miremire, uburyo bwica cane bw’impanuka ni ugugwa mu nzira y’uguhinduranya. Iyo igifu c’ifarashi iriko iriruka canke amavi y’imbere akubise ku giti gikomeye kidashobora kwinyiganza, ku ruhome rw’amabuye canke ku nkombe y’umugende, inguvu z’imbere y’ifarashi zica zihagarara ubwo nyene mu gihe ibirenge vyayo vy’inyuma biremerera bizunguruka hejuru y’umutwe wayo mu buryo bw’ugutera imbere kw’ibilometero 180. Uwugendera ku mafarasi araterwa imbere ku ruhande rw’intambamyi, hanyuma haciye igice c’isegonda, ibilo 500 gushika ku 650 (amapawundi 1.100 gushika ku 1.430) vy’ifarashi n’igiti c’ifarashi gikomeye bica bitera bihindukiye bihindutse bica ku gikiriza, ku nda no ku rubavu rw’uwugendera ku mafarasi.

Ubutabazi bwambere buhambaye ku muntu yamenetse canke ifarasi itembagaye¶

1. Itege "Open-Book" Ivunika ry'igihimba c'irondoka n'amaraso ava inyuma y'igihimba c'irondoka:
2. Iyo ifarasi izungurutse mu bibero vy’umugendesha, amababa y’imbere y’igihimba c’irondoka arashobora gusaduka nk’amapaji y’igitabu, agatabura umutsi munini w’inyuma w’igihimba c’irondoka presacral and iliac venous plexus n’amashami y’umutsi w’imbere w’igihimba c’irondoka uri inyuma y’igihimba c’irondoka. Igihimba c’irondoka cavunitse gishobora gusohoka amaraso litiro 2 gushika kuri 4 (amapinti 4 gushika kuri 8) y’amaraso mu kibanza co inyuma y’igihimba c’irondoka ata n’itonde ry’amaraso riboneka hanze y’impuzu y’imbere y’umugendesha.
3. NTUKIGEZE "uzunguruka" canke ukanda hasi ku magufa y'itako ry'umugendesha kugira ngo "ugerageze" nimba igihimba c'irondoka cavunitse; gukanda ku gihimba c’irondoka kidashikamye birasya imirongo y’amagufa ityaye biciye mu mitsi y’amaraso ipfutse maze bigasubira kuva amaraso yica (Guhagarara neza kw'ivunika ry'igihimba c'irondoka no kugenzura amaraso ava imbere).
4. NTUZE log-roll umuntu wikekwa ko yakozweko n’indwara y’igihimba c’irondoka ku ruhande rwiwe kiretse iyo inzira y’impwemu yiwe izibiwe n’ibirungo canke amaraso. Bagume bashize ku mugongo, bazane amavi yabo n’amaguru yabo hamwe (bashiremwo ijaketi hagati y’amavi), hanyuma bashire igitambaro co mu gitanda gipfutse, uburengeti bwo gukonjesha amafarasi, canke igitambaro co gufatanya igihimba c’irondoka co mu bucuruzi munsi y’umwobo w’amavi maze ubishire hejuru kugira ngo bizingire neza igihimba c’irondoka (si ingingo z’itako, NTIZIRI hejuru zikikuje igisusu giyoroshe).
5. Gucungera igifu c'umubiri, igifu c'umuyaga, n'ugufatanya kw'umuyaga:
6. Iyo uwugendera ku mafarasi yambaye inflatable equestrian air vest (itera umuriro w’umuyaga w’ifarashi ufise \(CO_2\) iyo umugozi w’ifarashi ushitseko), ivyumba vy’umuyaga bigenewe gufata umuvuduko ukomeye cane mu masegonda 10 gushika kuri 30 kugira ngo bifate inkurikizi z’ifarashi zivuye hasi. Ariko rero, nimba uwugendera ku mafarasi ariko aragorwa no guhema hasi, ubwo nyene ufungure amaboko y’imbere y’impuzu kugira ngo urubavu rwabo ntirupfuke.
7. Raba neza ibimenyetso vy’ igifu, ukuvunika kw'imbavu, n'ugukomeretswa kw'igikiriza canke umubabaro pneumothorax no kunyonka igikomere mu gikiriza ubutabazi bwa mbere: guhema nabi cane, uruhande rumwe rw’igikiriza rugenda ruja imbere iyo uwuwugenderako ahumeka, iminwa igira ubururu, canke umuyaga ugenda urasaduka munsi y’urukoba rw’igufa ry’urutugu.

Kwibira kure cane 3: Ivyago vy'amafarasi mu kigega, uburagiriro, n'umuduga¶

Hafi 30 kw’ijana vy’abantu bose bafatwa mu bitaro bikomeye bivanye n’amafarasi ntibashika iyo bariko baragendera ku mafarasi, ahubwo bari hasi igihe bariko barahindura amafarasi hanze mu gahinga, bariko baratoragura ibinono, bariko barapfuka uburengeti, bariko barakata, canke bariko barashira mu modoka ikwega amafarasi.

1. Kubera iki gutera ifarasi n’ukuguru kw’inyuma bishobora gusenyura nk’ugutera imodoka igenda ku bilometero 30 kw’isaha¶

Amaguru y’inyuma y’ifarashi akoreshwa n’imitsi myinshi cane y’ibibero n’ivy’ibibero bifatanye n’ikinono gikomeye c’ifarashi (kenshi gikomezwa n’ikinono c’icuma c’imilimetero 6). Ivyigwa vyerekeye inguvu z’ibinyabuzima vyerekana ko igitero c’inyuma c’amaguru abiri kigenda ku metero zirenga 20 ku segonda (ibilometero 45 kw’isaha) kandi kigatanga inguvu z’ugutera zishika ku Newton 8.000 gushika ku 10.000 zishizwe mu gace gatoyi k’amasentimetero 12 (5-inch of steel) - Ingaruka ku mutwe: Iyo umuntu akubise ikinono mu maso canke mu gihanga, bica bimenagura igihimba c’umubiri citwa zygomatic arch (itama), igihimba c’umubiri co hasi (urusaya), igihimba c’umubiri citwa orbit (igihimba c’amaso), canke igihimba c’umubiri citwa frontal sinus, kandi kigatuma umuntu apfa amaraso yo mu mutwe canke yo munsi y’igihimba c’umubiri (gukomereka mu mutwe). Iyo umuntu atera umupira ariko arava amaraso menshi mu zuru, mu kanwa, canke mu bikomere vyo mu maso, gumize inzira y’impwemu yiwe idafise amaraso (niba ata nkomere yo mw’izosi kandi ari mu mutima, mureke yiheke gatoyi imbere kugira ngo amaraso asohoke mu kanwa aho guca mu nzira y’umuyaga) kandi ufate buhoro buhoro hard gathou canke amagufa y’igihanga/yo mu maso yasadutse**. - Igitero c'Igifu na Commotio Cordis: Gutera ikirenge hejuru y'igifu hagati (sternum) birashobora guhagarika umutima ubwo nyene biciye ku commotio cordis (ugukubitwa n'umutima mu gihe c'ugusubirana kw'umuvuduko w'umuvuduko w'umutima) mbere n'aho ata n'imwe ivunitse. Iyo umuntu yateye ikirenge mu gikiriza akagwa ataco yishuye, tangura CPR kandi ushireko AED ubwo nyene. - Ikirenge c’Ibubamfu canke Iburyo / Inda (Spleen & Liver Rupture): Gutera ikirenge ku mbavu/inda yo hejuru y’ibubamfu kenshi bica igitigu, mu gihe gutera ikirenge ku mbavu zo hejuru z’iburyo bica igitigu. Kubera ko amaraso ava mu nda ashobora gutwara iminota 15 gushika kuri 45 kugira ngo umuvuduko w'amaraso ugabanuke, umuntu wese atewe n'ifarashi mu nda canke mu rubavu ategerezwa gusuzumwa mu bitaro vy'ibiza, naho yoba ahagurutse akavuga ko "umuyaga wamukuyemwo gusa."

2. Gutahura "Danger Triangle" n'urugendo rwo gukorana n'abantu hafi¶

Mu buryo butari bwo, guhagarara metero 1,5 gushika kuri 2,5 (amafuti 5 gushika kuri 8) inyuma y’ifarashi ni co kibanza cica cane mu kigega kubera ko gishira umutwe wawe n’igikiriza cawe ku mpera nyayo y’umuvuduko munini w’ugukura kw’ikinono: - Ushobora kuguma kure y’inyuma metero zirenga 3,5 gushika kuri 4 (amafuti 12), CANKE ugume uhagaze neza ku rubavu rw’ifarashi ukuboko kwawe ku rubavu rwayo: Igihe utegerezwa kugenda inyuma y’ifarashi iboshe mu bipfukisho vy’umusaraba canke mu kibanza co kwitunganya, vugana n’ifarashi mu mfuruka imwe kugira ngo ibone. urutugu rwayo, ushire ukuboko kwawe ubudasiba ku mugongo wayo no ku rubavu rwayo uko unyura hafi y’umurizo (ni co gituma ukuguru kwinyiganza gutunguranye gusunika gusa itako ryawe ku muvuduko wo gukuraho zero aho kukukubita mu gihe uriko uratera), canke ugende kure cane hanze y’aho ushobora gutera.

Imbere y'ugutwara n'urutonde rw'umutekano¶

Imbere yo gutwara ifarasi canke kwinjira mu nzira y’uburagiriro canke y’ikigega, suzuma neza izi ngingo ngenderwako zitandatu zihambaye zo kwirinda:

• Ambara inkofero y’ubu ASTM F1163 / SEI, PAS 015, canke VG1 yemejwe n’ugutwara amafarasi no gukora ibikorwa vy’amafarasi bishobora gutera ingorane nyinshi: Inkofero z’amafarasi canke z’amaguru zisanzwe ntizikozwe kugira ngo zihagarike uruhande rusongoye, rwinshi rw’inkofero y’amafarasi y’icuma canke hasi cane. Subirizaho inkofero iyo ari yo yose yo gutwara ubwo nyene inyuma y’ugugwa rimwe kwose aho iyo nkofero ikora hasi, canke inyuma y’imyaka 5 kuva kw’igenekerezo yakozweko.
• Suzuma ko inkweto zifise igitsintsiri gitandukanye c’iminota 25 gushika kuri 38 (1 gushika kuri 1,5 inch) kandi ko ibipfukisho bifise uburebure bwa milimetero 12 gushika kuri 20 (0,5 gushika kuri 0,75 inch): Ntukigere utwara inkweto zo kwiruka, inkweto z’imideri zifise umutwe ugororotse, canke inkweto zo gutemberamwo zifise amaguru yagutse. Suzuma ko icuma co gutera imbere ari milimetero 12 gushika kuri 20 (0,5 gushika kuri 0,75 inches) kinini kuruta igice cagutse kuruta ibindi vyose c’inkweto yawe, ukoreshe ivyuma vy’umutekano bishobora guca / Peacock / bifise amahembe, kandi usuzume ku ntambara z’icongereza ko icuma ivyuma vy’umutekano bishobora gufungurwa Dpen-un)
• Ambara igitambaro co gukingira umubiri ASTM F1937 / BETA Level 3 (kandi ushire umugozi w’igitambaro c’umuyaga ku mugozi w’itara): Igihe usimbuka, ugendera ku mafarasi ajabuka igihugu, canke uriko uratwara amafarasi y’icatsi kibisi/ateye ubwoba, ambara igitambaro co gukingira umubiri c’ifu yemejwe kugira ngo ukingire imbavu n’ibindi. Niba ukoresha \(CO_2\) air vest, funga umugozi imbere yo kuwutera kandi wibuke kuwufungura IMBERE yo kuwumanura kugira ngo ntuturike ku gice co kuwutera maze utere ubwoba ifarasi.
• Twara telefone yawe ngendanwa KU MUBIRI WAWE (mu mufuko canke mu gipfuko c’ukuboko), ntukigere uyishira mu gafuko k’ifarashi: Iyo ujugunywe mu gihe uriko uragenda wenyene, ifarasi yawe ikagenda n’amaguru ibilometero 5 (3 miles) igasubira mu kigega, telefone ibitswe mu gafuko k’ifarashi canke ihembe ryawe, ukuguru canke igihimba c’irondoka kivunitse.
• Ntukigere uzingira umugozi w'amabuye, umurongo w'amahaha, canke umugozi w'amahaha mu nziga yuzuye ukikuje ukuboko kwawe canke intoke zawe: Zingira umugozi w'amabuye y'agaciro canke umurongo w'amahaha urengeje urugero "igishushanyo-umunani" gipfutse ku kiganza cawe kugira ngo iyo ifarasi y'ibilo 600 ipfutse intoke zawe, ushobore gutera canke gukururwa.
• Ntukigere winjira mu buragiriro bw’umugwi utwaye indobo imwe y’intete ata mugambi wo guhunga: Guhindura ifarasi imwe hanze canke kuzana ifarasi imwe uvuye mu buragiriro bw’umukumbi ni ahantu h’isonga; amafarasi y’umukumbi ahambaye azotera kandi atere ibipfunsi bibiri kw’irembo kugira ngo yibe intete, akubite uwuyifata afashwe hagati yayo.

Ibibazo bikunda kubazwa¶

Wokora iki iyo umuntu aguye ku ifarasi ikirenge ciwe kigafata mu nzira y’ifarashi mu gihe iyo farasi iriko iramukurura?¶

Ntukigere wiruka inyuma y’ifarashi, ngo uzunguze amaboko canke ngo uvuze induru, kubera ko amafarasi ari ibikoko bifata inyamaswa kandi gukurikirana ifarasi iteye ubwoba bituma igira kamere yo guhunga, bigatuma yiruka cane maze igatera inyuma ataco ihinduye ku muntu ayikwegakwega. Nimba uriko uragendera ku yindi farasi, uhagarare maze uyimanuke ubwo nyene kugira ngo kamere y’umukumbi w’ifarashi irekuye iyigabanye. Nimba uri uwuriko arakwegwakwegwa, nupfuke cane uko bishoboka kwose, ushire ikibuno cawe mu gikiriza, ufunge umutwe wawe n’ibirenge vyawe n’amaboko yompi, hanyuma ugerageze guhindukiza inkweto yawe uyikure ku ntugu. Abari hasi bakwiye gufunga amarembo yose y’ikibuga canke inzugi z’ibiraro maze bagaca bagenda batuje mu mfuruka y’urutugu rw’ifarashi mu gihe bavuga mw’ijwi ritoyi kandi rihumuriza (“Whoa, biroroshe”) canke bagazunguza indobo y’ibifungurwa kugira ngo ifarasi ihagarare, hanyuma bagaca basubira inyuma ikirenge.

Woba ukwiye kwimurira umugendesha ifarasi aryamye hasi ata co yibuka amaze kugwa kw’ifarashi?¶

Kubera ko kugwa kw’ifarashi birimwo kugwa kuva ku metero 1,5 gushika ku metero 2,5 (amafuti 5 gushika ku 8) kenshi ku mutwe canke kw’izosi, utegerezwa kwiyumvira ko umugendesha wese yaguye afise umugongo w’intanga udashikamye gushika bigaragajwe ko ata co bimaze. Ntukigere winyiganza, wicara canke ngo ukureho inkofero y’umugendesha aryamye ahantu heza; ahubwo bapfukame inyuma y’umutwe wabo maze bafate neza impande zompi z’inkofero yabo zijanye n’izosi ryabo mu gihe umuntu ayobora amafarasi yose kure maze agahamagara abajejwe ivy’ubutabazi. Ico nyene gishobora gukorwa ni iyo uwuyigenderako yaguye ata guca ku ruhande munsi canke iruhande y’ifarashi ifashwe n’umutego, iriko irakubita mu kibanza gitoyi, mu mwobo canke mu modoka ikwega, maze akaba agiye gujanjagurwa canke guterwa n’ibinono; muri iyo nzira ishobora gutuma umuntu apfa, fata intugu z’ikoti ry’umugendezi mu gihe uriko urafata umutwe n’izosi hagati y’amaboko yawe y’imbere maze ubikurure bigororotse inyuma mu murongo ugororotse kugira ngo ukureho ibinono.

Ni kuki "ugugwa kw'ifarashi" aho ifarasi ihindukira hejuru y'igisimbuka ari akaga cane naho uwuyigenderako yoba asa n'uwutakomeretse mu ntango?¶

Mu gihe ifarasi y’ibilo 550 iriko iragwa, iratera hejuru y’intambamyi ikomeye maze ikagwa hejuru y’uwuyigenderako. Igitanda gikomeye n’uburemere bw’umubiri w’ifarashi birashobora gucapura impeta y’igihimba c’irondoka c’uwuyigenderako ("open-book" pelvic fracture) canke guca igihimba c’irondoka, igihimba c’irondoka canke imitsi mikuru y’amaraso iri imbere mu gikiriza no mu nda. Amaraso ava mu mubiri ava mu gitereko cavunitse canke mu gitereko cavunitse arashobora gusuka amalitiro y’amaraso mu binogo vy’imbere ata gikomere kiboneka ku ruhu, bigatuma umuntu agira ubwoba bw’amaraso bukwi na bukwi haciye iminota 10 canke 30. Ntukigere ureka umugendesha w’ifarashi yazinguwe n’ifarashi ngo ahaguruke canke ngo agende, ntuzikure ku ruhande rwiwe kiretse iyo ariko araruka, ufungure igitambaro cose c’umuyaga c’umuyagankuba gikomeye kugira ngo ashobore guhema neza, ubohe amagufa y’inyuma y’itako ryiwe n’igitambaro gipfutse, maze uhamagare abamutwara mu gihe c’ihungabana.

Wokwirinda gute guterwa n’ibirenge igihe uriko uragenda inyuma canke uriko urafata ifarasi mu kigega?¶

Amafarasi arabona imbere n’amaso abiri, akabona n’amaso abiri ku mpande zayo, mugabo arafise ahantu h’impumyi huzuye inyuma y’umurizo wayo no munsi y’izuru ryayo. Iyo ugendeye mu gacerere mu kibanza c’impumyi kiri ku metero 1,5 gushika ku metero 1,5 gushika ku metero 5 gushika ku 8 inyuma y’ifarashi maze ukayitera ubwoba, uba uhagaze ku ntambwe nyayo aho ibinono vyayo vy’inyuma bishika ku muvuduko munini cane no ku nguvu nyinshi zo gutera (zishika kuri Newton 10.000). Imisi yose nuvuge n’ifarashi imbere y’uko yegera kugira ngo amatwi yayo aguhindukirire, yegere mu mfuruka y’amadegre 45 yerekeza ku rutugu, kandi nimba ubwirizwa guca inyuma y’ifarashi, ushobora kugenda metero zirenga 3,5 gushika kuri 4 (amafuti 12) kure y’umurizo w’inyuma canke ugumize ukuboko kumwe unyerera neza mu gihe uriko urakora ifarasi irazi neza aho uri.

Amasoko yasuzumwe¶

• ASTM International (Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika) n’Ikigo c’Ibikoresho vy’Umutekano (SEI): Itegeko ry’Igikoresho co Gukingira Umutwe ry’Igikoresho co Gukingira Amafarasi no Gutwara Amafarasi na Itegeko ry’Igikoresho co Gukingira Umubiri ry’Igikoresho co Gukingira Amafarasi.
• Ishirahamwe mpuzamakungu ry’abagendera ku mafarasi (FEI), Ishirahamwe ry’abagendera ku mafarasi ryo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika (USEA), n’ishirahamwe ry’ubudandaji ry’abagendera ku mafarasi ryo mu Bwongereza (BETA): Ivy’ubuhinga bwo kugwa mu bihugu bitandukanye, ingingo ngenderwako z’ugusimbuka kw’ibipimo vy’ubuvuzi, n’amategeko agenga ivy’uguhagarika umuvuduko w’amafarasi.
• Komite y’Ishure ry’Abaganga ry’Amerika (ACS) ry’Ivy’Ihungabana n’Ishirahamwe ry’Iburasirazuba ry’Ivy’Ihungabana (EAST): Ugucungera Ivyiyumviro vy’Ivyiyumviro vy’Ivyiyumviro vy’Ivyiyumviro vy’Ivyiyumviro vy’Ivyiyumviro vy’Ivyiyumviro vy’Ivyiyumviro vy’Ivyiyumviro vy’Ivyiyumviro vy’Ivyiyumviro vy’Ivyiyumviro vy’Ivyiyumviro vy’Ivyiyumviro vy’Ivyiyumviro vy’Ivyiyumviro vy’Ivyiyumviro vy’Ivyiyumviro vy’Ivyiyumviro vy’Ivyiyumviro vy’Ivyiyumviro vy’Ivyiyumviro vy’Ivyuma vy’Inguvu nyinshi.
• Ibigo bijejwe kugenzura no kwirinda indwara (CDC, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika) n’Ikigo c’Igihugu co Gucungera Umutekano n’Ubuzima ku Kazi (NIOSH): Ivy’Indwara ziterwa n’Ibikomere vyo mu Bwonko biterwa n’Ifarasi n’Ivy’Umutekano wo Gufata Amatungo.
• Amashirahamwe y’amafarasi yo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika (USPC) n’ishirahamwe ry’amafarasi ryo mu Bwongereza (BHS): Gukura ku mafarasi mu gihe c’ivyihutirwa, gupima ubunini bw’ivyuma vyo gutera amafarasi, gucungera amabarabara y’umutekano, n’uburyo bwo gukingira amafarasi yahunze.

Inyobora zifitaniye isano¶

• Ibikomere vyo mu mugongo: guhagarara no kwitaho
• Guhagarika ukuvunika kw'igihimba c'irondoka no kugenzura amaraso ava imbere
• Ibikomere vyo mu mutwe n'ugutoranya abahungabana
• Igifu, ukuvunika kw'imbavu, n'ugukomeretswa kw'igikiriza
• Amagufa avunitse n'ibikomere
• Ububiko bw'inomero z'ivyihutirwa