Ubujurire bwo kwanka ingurane z'ubushomeri n'ubutungane bwo guhagarika akazi¶

Kwakira Itangazo ry’Icemezo rihakana ikirego cawe c’ubwishingizi bw’ubushomeri canke rivuga ko uwahora ari umukoresha wawe ariko arahakana inyungu zawe bituma urugo ruca rugira ingorane z’amahera. Kubera ko abakoresha muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika bariha imisoro y’abashomeri ibaruwe ku buryo bwo gupima ubumenyi (aho ikirego cose cemejwe congerera igitigiri c’ikori ry’ishirahamwe ryo muri kazoza), abakoresha benshi n’amashirahamwe y’abandi bacungera ibiciro vy’abashomeri (nk’aya Equifax Workforce Solutions / Talx canke Thomas & Companys) baca bavyipfuza. Kenshi bavuga ko umukozi yirukanwe canke ariko aragwana n’ingorane yirukanwe kubera inyifato mbi yakoze abigiranye ubushake, canke ko umukozi yirukanwe ku nguvu kubera ibintu bitemewe n’amategeko yahevye akazi ku bushake ata mvo nziza afise.

Ukwihakana ubushomeri mu ntango si ijambo rya nyuma. Ivyemezo vya mbere bifatwa ningoga n’abasuzuma ivy’ibirego vy’ibigo bishingiye ku rupapuro rugufi rwatanzwe n’umukoresha canke ku guhamagara muri make kuri telefone. Iyo ushizeho ubujurire ku gihe, urubanza rwawe rwimurirwa ku Mucamanza w’Itegeko ry’Ubutegetsi (ALJ) canke Umucamanza atagira aho abogamiye kugira ngo habe urubanza rw’ibimenyamenya aho umuzigo w’ibimenyamenya ushirwa ku mukozi kugira ngo yerekane inyifato mbi y’ibigirankana n’ibimenyamenya vy’imbere, kandi aho abakozi biteguye neza bahindura ikimenyamenya gikomeye.

Ivyo ubikore ubu¶

1. Harurira igihe nyaco co kujurira gitegekanijwe n'amategeko kuva ku "Itariki yoherejweko" iri ku itangazo ry'ugufata ingingo: Ntuharure kuva umusi wafunguyeko isandugu yawe y'ubutumwa. Ikigo cose c’ubushomeri co muri Leta n’intara giharura idirisha ry’ubujurire ry’imisi 10, 14, 20, canke 30 rikomeye guhera ku Itariki yoherejwe / Itariki yo gutanga icapwe hejuru y’Itangazo ry’Icemezo. Ikirangamisi c’iherezo ubwo nyene maze ushikirize ubujurire bwawe bwanditse nibura imisi 3 imbere y’igihe biciye ku rubuga rwa interineti n’ubutumwa canke fax yemejwe.
2. Guma wemeza inyungu z’indwi ku ndwi buri ndwi mu gihe ubujurire bwawe buriko burategurwa: Iri ni ryo kosa rimwe gusa rishobora gusenyura cane abakozi badafise akazi bakora. Iyo uhagaritse gutanga ivyemezo vyawe vy’ugukomeza gusaba buri ndwi canke buri ndwi zibiri mu gihe urindiriye indwi 4 gushika ku 8 kugira ngo urubanza rwawe rwumvirizwe, uzoronka zero back pay naho woba utsinze urubanza. Yemeza buri ndwi ku rutonde, wishure ko ushoboye kandi ko ushobora gukora, kandi ubike urutonde rw’abantu utegerezwa guhura na bo buri ndwi kugira ngo urondere akazi.
3. Shira Itangazo ry’Ubujurire ryanditswe vyihuse (ukeneye gusa amajambo abiri kugira ngo ufunge igihe co kujurira): Ntucike intege ku gihe cawe co kujurira ugerageza kwandika inyandiko y’amategeko y’impapuro 10. Kugira ngo uhagarike isaha, ukeneye gusa gutanga urupapuro rw’ubujurire rw’ikigo canke ikete rigufi ryashizweko umukono rivuga ngo: "Ntemeranya n’Itangazo ry’Icemezo ry’itariki [Itariki] riri munsi y’Indangamuntu y’Ikirego [Igitigiri] kandi ndasaba ko ubujurire buba imbere y’Umucamanza w’Itegeko ry’Ubutegetsi kubera ko ntavuye mu kazi kubera ububi bwanje ku [ umukoresha kubera gusohoka]." Ushobora gutanga ibimenyamenya vyawe vyose mu nyuma imbere y’uko urubanza rutangura.
4. Saba kopi yuzuye y'ikigo "Dosiye y'Ubujurire" (Inyishu z'Umukoresha): Ubujurire bwawe bumaze gushirwa mu nyandiko, ubwo nyene usabe dosiye yuzuye y'ikirego cawe ku Nama y'Ubujurire bw'Ubushomeri (intara nyinshi zirungika iyo dosiye ubwo nyene n'Itangazo ry'Ubujurire kuri wewe). Soma urupapuro rwose umukoresha yashikirije ikigo mu gihe c’ubushakashatsi bwa mbere kugira ngo umenye amatariki nyayo, ivyo yanditse, amategeko, n’ibirego umukoresha yizigira.
5. Kwegeranya ibimenyetso vy’inyandiko bifise intumbero maze ubishikirize imbere y’igihe c’iherezo c’urubanza: Amapakete y’itangazo ry’urubanza asaba ko impande zompi zishira canke zirungika kopi z’inyandiko zose ku Mucamanza w’Itegeko ry’Ubutegetsi n’uwurwanya imisi 3 gushika ku 5 y’akazi imbere y’urubanza rwo kuri telefone canke kuri videwo. Koraniriza hamwe amasuzuma y’ibikorwa vyawe, ama email y’ugushima, amakete y’ubuvuzi, ubutumwa bwo kuri telefone n’abagenzuzi, amakete y’igihe, n’amapaji y’ibitabu vy’abakozi, ubishireko amazina agaragara (Ikimenyetso c’Uwusaba A, Ikimenyetso B, Ikimenyetso C), hanyuma ubishikirize ku gihe.
6. Saba Subpoena ku Mucamanza w’Itegeko ry’Ubutegetsi ku bashingantahe b’ingenzi canke amakuru y’umukoresha: Niba uwo mukorana yabonye ivyo bintu, canke iyo uwahoze ari umukoresha wawe yanse guhindura amasanamu y’ama kamera y’umutekano, amakuru y’igenzura ry’ikarata y’igihe, canke ingingo ngenderwako y’ishirahamwe bavuga ko warenganye, hamagara canke wandikire Ibiro vy’Ubujurire kuri C7a. gusaba Ikete ry’Ubutegetsi rihatira umushingantahe gutanga ubuhamya canke umukoresha ngo yerekane izo nyandiko.

flowchart TD
    Denial["Kwakira itangazo ry'ubushomeri ry'Icemezo (Kwanka / Gukurwako)"] --> Deadline["1. Suzuma itariki yoherejwe ku itangazo & Dosiye y'ubujurire bwanditse imbere y'igihe c'iherezo gitegekanijwe n'Itegeko (Imisi 10 gushika kuri 30)"]
    Deadline --> Certify["2. Gukomeza gutanga Ivyemezo vy'Ikirego c'Indwi n'Ibitabo vy'Ugushaka Akazi Buri Indwi Igihe Ubujurire Bukiriho"]
    Certify --> FileReq["3. Uronke dosiye yuzuye y'ikigo kugira ngo usome ivyo umukoresha aregwa nyavyo"]
    FileReq --> IssueType{"4. Ni ikihe kibazo co mu vy’amategeko kiri ku rutonde rw’Itangazo ry’Urubanza?"}
    IssueType -->|Discharge for Misconduct| Misconduct["Umuzigo w’Ibimenyamenya Uri ku Mukoresha: Erekana ko Ico Wakoze Cari Ikosa Risanzwe, Ukudashobora, Ikosa ry’Ukwizera Kwiza Ritandukanye, Canke Inkuru y’Ivyiyumviro Bitagaragajwe"]
    IssueType -->|Voluntary Quit| Quit["Umuzigo w’Ibimenyamenya Uri ku Mukozi: Kwemeza Imvo Nziza Ishobora Guterwa n’Umukoresha & Imbere y’Imbere y’Inguvu Zibereye Gutorera umuti Ingorane"]
    IssueType -->|Monetary / 1099 / Able & Available| Monetary["Utange W-2s, Paystubs, Amahera yo mu Banki (Igihe c’Ishingiro c’Iyindi), canke Icemezo c’Umuganga c’Ibikorwa Bitoroshe"]
    Misconduct --> Hearing["5. Gutanga Ivyemezo Vyashizwe mu Rutonde Imbere y'Ikiringo c'Iherezo, Kwanka Inkuru y'Umukoresha ku Rubanza rwa ALJ, & Gutsinda Inyungu Zisubirwamwo"]
    Quit --> Hearing
    Monetary --> Hearing

Igihe c'iherezo c'ubujurire bw'ubushomeri bwa Leta n'ubw'amahanga n'ingingo ngenderwako z'amategeko¶

Kubura igihe c'ubujurire bw'ubutegetsi bituma ukwihakana kwa mbere kuba ugutegeka ubudasiba kiretse ushobora kwemeza "imvo nziza" ikomeye yo gutanga ubujurire bucerewe (nk'ugushirwa mu bitaro canke ukutashikana ubutumwa bushobora kugenzurwa). Zirikana ko intara nyinshi zifise inzego zibiri z’ubujurire bw’ubutegetsi: Urubanza rw’Urwego rwa Mbere imbere y’Umucamanza w’Itegeko ry’Ubutegetsi (ALJ) / Umucamanza (aho hafatwa ubuhamya bubaho n’ibimenyamenya bishasha), hanyuma hakaza Isubiramwo ry’Urwego rwa Kabiri imbere y’Inama y’Ubujurire y’Ubwishingizi bw’Ubushomeri canke Komisiyo y’Ubujurire y’Ubwishingizi bw’Ubushomeri (w kubera ikosa ryo mu vy’amategeko ata gufata ubuhamya bushasha).

Uko wotsinda ikirego c'umukoresha c'uko "Inyifato mbi y'ubushake"¶

Ikosa rimwe gusa abakozi bakunda gukora ni ukwiyumvira ko kubera ko umukoresha yari afise uburenganzira bwo kubarukana mu gihe c'"akazi k'ubushake", umukoresha na we nyene afise uburenganzira bwo kubabuza ingurane z'ubushomeri. Ivyo ni ibinyoma. Mu gihe c’akazi k’ubushake, umukuru w’ishirahamwe arashobora kukwirukana kubera ko watevye cane, wakoze ikosa ry’ukuri, utagira ubuhinga, canke udahuye n’umuco w’ishirahamwe. Ariko rero, hakurikijwe itegeko ry'ubwishingizi bw'ubushomeri muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika na Canada, nta n'imwe muri izo mpamvu ishobora gutuma umuntu adashobora gukora "Inyifato mbi y'ubushake."

1. Umuzigo w'Ibimenyamenya Uri 100% ku Mukoresha¶

Iyo umukoresha akurukanye, umukoresha ni we yikorera umuzigo wose w’ibimenyamenya mu rubanza kugira ngo yemeze biciye ku bimenyamenya vyinshi vyemewe ko wakoze ingeso mbi n’ibigirankana, n’ibigirankana, canke n’ibigirankana. Mu gihe c’ingingo ngenderwako y’amategeko yemejwe mu bihugu vyose vya Amerika (kenshi izwi nka Boynton Cab standard), ibi bikurikira mu vy’amategeko ATARI inyifato mbi, bisobanura ko utsinda amahera yawe y’ubushomeri naho umukoresha yokwirukana kubera yo:

• Ubushobozi, Ugukora nabi, canke Kudashobora gushitsa ibiharuro: Kugerageza uko ushoboye kwose ku kazi ariko ukananirwa gushika ku ntego z’ugucuruza, umuvuduko wo gukora amakode, ingero z’uguhamagara, canke ibipimo vy’ibikorwa kubera ubukene bw’ubuhinga, umuzigo munini w’akazi, canke ubushobozi ntivyigera biba inyifato mbi y’ibigirankana (raba uburongozi bwacu ku PIP n'imburi zanditse).
• Isolated Ordinary Negligence canke Good-Faith Mistakes: Gukora ikosa rimwe ry’umuntu ry’ukuri, guharura nabi itegeko, guca ibikoresho mu mpanuka, canke gutanga urubanza rw’ukwizera kwiza mu gihe kitamenyekana ata ntumbero mbi canke ubujuju bukomeye si inyifato mbi.
• Ukubura canke Gucererwa Bitewe n'Indwara y'Ukuri canke Ivyihutirwa vyo mu Muryango (N'Itangazo Ribereye): Naho umukoresha yoba afise "Itegeko ry'Ukuza mu Mashure Ata Makosa" rikomeye aho kwirundanira amanota 6 bica bigukura mu kazi, kurenga ku nzira y'ukubura mu Mashure ata Makosa cau kubera indwara yemewe y’ubuvuzi, ugukomeretswa, canke ivyihutirwa birenze ubushobozi bwawe KANDI waramenyesheje neza umukoresha hakurikijwe uburyo bwo guhamagara.
• Gushira mu ngiro itegeko ritagira ishingiro canke ry’uguhitamwo (Gubabarira): Iyo umukoresha avuga ko warenganye itegeko ryo ku kazi, urashobora gutsinda ikirego c’ukwifata nabi mu kwemeza ko (a) utigeze umenyeshwa iryo tegeko, (b) iryo tegeko ryari ryirengagijwe mu buryo busanzwe ku iduka n’abagenzuzi n’abakozi bagenzi bawe (conception) kwumvira iryo tegeko vyari kurenga ku mategeko agenga umutekano canke bisaba ko umuntu akora igikorwa kitemewe n’amategeko ata n’umwe ahembwa.

2. Gukoresha "Ikibazo c'Umwumvise" kugira ngo usenye urubanza rw'umukoresha atiteguye¶

Mu biganiro birenga ica kabiri c’amatohoza y’ubushomeri, umukoresha akora ikosa ry’ibimenyamenya ry’urupfu: aho kuzana umucungerezi canke umushingantahe nyawe yabonye ivyo bintu bivugwa, iyo sosiyete yohereza gusa Umuhuzabikorwa w’Ibikorwa vy’Akazi canke **Uwundi Mukozi w’Uwundi Mukozi ataco Akora (Unemploy not) icumba igihe ivyo bintu vyabaye kandi ariko arasoma gusa muri raporo yanditse y’ivyo bintu canke urupapuro rwo guhagarika.

Mu biganiro vy’ubutegetsi bw’ubushomeri, amajambo yanditswe atagira ishingiro n’ubuhamya buvuye ku muntu w’ivy’ubuhinga bw’abantu atabonye ivyo bintu, ni Ibimenyamenya vy’amajambo y’uruyeri. Mu bihugu nka New York, Floride, Pennsylvanie, Californie, Illinois, na Texas, amajambo yumvikana ntashobora kurenga ubuhamya bwawe burahiye, bwizewe, bw’amaso yawe.

Koresha iyi nyandiko nyayo mu rubanza igihe uwuserukira HR agerageza gutanga ubuhamya ku kintu we ubwiwe atabona canke yumva:

• Inyandiko yawe yo kwanka amakuru y'ivyo wumvise: "Nyakubahwa, ndarwanya n'icubahiro ubuhamya bwa [Umuserukira HR] n'inyandiko yanditse ku bijanye n'ivyo bivugwa ko vyabaye ku rwego rw'ububiko ku [Itariki] kubera amakuru yumvise. ubumenyi bw’ivyo vyavuzwe canke vyakozwe, kandi umushingantahe nyawe [Izina ry’Umucungerezi] ntahari uno musi kugira ngo abazwe n’indahiro, mfise ubumenyi bwite, bw’amaso ya mbere kuko nari ng’aho, kandi nzoshingira intahe n’indahiro ku bijanye n’ivyabaye vy’ukuri."

Uko wotsinda urubanza rwo "Kureka ku bushake" mu kwemeza ko Imvo Nziza Igenewe Umukoresha¶

Iyo usezeye akazi, umuzigo w’ibimenyamenya utegekanijwe n’amategeko urahindukira kuri wewe (uwusaba) kugira ngo ugaragaze ibintu bibiri:

1. Wari ufise "Impamvu Nziza Ishobora Gushikirizwa Umukoresha" (imvo ikomeye ijanye n'akazi yotuma umuntu afise ubwenge bubereye ashaka vy'ukuri kuguma akora akora); KANDI
2. Warushe uburyo bwose bubereye bwo kuzigama akazi kawe imbere y’uko ureka (mu kumenyesha ubuyobozi ingorane no guha umukoresha akaryo ko gutorera umuti, kiretse iyo kubigira ari ubusa canke biteye akaga).

Gutorera umuti ibibazo vyo kudatandukana: "Birashoboka kandi biraboneka," Ukwemererwa kw'amahera, n'1099 Gushiramwo nabi¶

Si uguhakana ubushomeri kwose birimwo kwirukanwa canke guhagarika akazi. Ehe ingene wohindura ivyo bitatu bikunze guhakana mu buryo bw’ubuhinga:

1. Guhindura Ukwihakana "Ushobora kandi Ushobora Gukora" (Ivy'Ubuvuzi, Ishure, canke Ukwitaho Abana): Kugira ngo ube "Ushobora kandi Ushobora Gukora" mu buryo butegekanijwe n'amategeko inyuma y'ugukomeretswa canke indwara, nti ubwirizwa kuba ushoboye gukora akazi kawe ka kera ko guterura ibintu biremerera. Ukeneye gusa ikete ryanditswe n’umuganga wawe rivuga ko ushobora gukora akazi k’igihe cose mu kindi gikorwa mu gihe ufise ubushobozi bwo gukora (nk’ugufasha abakiriya wicaye, akazi k’ubunyamabanga, akazi ko gutumako, canke akazi ko kure). Niba uriko uriga, werekane ko amashure yawe ari kuri internet/ku mugoroba kugira ngo uhite wemera akazi k’umutaga k’igihe cose, CANKE usabe leta Ivyiza vy’amahugurwa vyemewe (Ivyiza vy’amahugurwa vyemewe muri California / Porogarama ya New York 599), ivyo bikaba birekura itegeko ry’ugushaka akazi ryemewe mu gihe uriko uraheza porogarama.
2. Gushinga "Ukudashobora guhabwa amahera" ($0 Inyungu) Icemezo: Niba ikigo kivuga ko utaronse umushahara uhagije mu Igihe cawe c'Ishingiro (ibice 4 vya mbere mu bice 5 vya nyuma vy'ikirangamisi vyarangiye), usabe gusubira kubara ukoresheje Igice c'Ishingiro c'Ikirundi (BPAsted)i calendar quarters**, ifata umushahara waronse imbere gato y’uko ukurwa mu kazi). Niba warakoze mu bihugu vyinshi mu mezi 18 aheze, usabe Ikibazo c’Umushahara Uhuriweko uhuza umushahara wo hanze y’intara.
3. Ivyiza vyo gutsinda Iyo Ushizwe mu rutonde nabi nk'"Umukozi Yigenga 1099": Nimba uwahora ari umukuru wawe yaguhevye ku rupapuro rwa 1099 kandi ntiyarishe imisoro y'ubushomeri, Icegeranyo cawe ca mbere c'Amahera kizokwerekana $0 mu mushahara. Gutanga Igisabwa co gusubira kwihweza amahera / Itohoza ry’imimerere y’umukozi ushizeko amafishi yawe 1099, amadosiye y’imishahara, n’urutonde rw’akazi. Ibiro vya Leta bijejwe ubushomeri bikoresha Ibipimo vya ABC canke Ibipimo vy’Uburenganzira bwo Kugenzura bikomeye; iyo umugenzuzi yemeje ko iyo sosiyete yagenzura urutonde rwawe canke uburyo ukora, iyo sosiyete irasubira gushiramwo amahera ubona mu 1099 nk’umushahara wa W-2 upfutse maze igakwishura inyungu zawe zose z’indwi ku yindi.

Ikete ry'ubujurire ry'ubushomeri¶

Koresha iri tangazo ry’ubujurire (canke ushire ingingo zaryo nyamukuru ku rubuga rw’ubujurire rwo kuri interineti rwa leta yawe) maze wohereze/urungike kopi yashizweko umukono imbere y’igihe categekanijwe n’amategeko:

SUBJECT: FORMAL NOTICE OF APPEAL AND REQUEST FOR ADMINISTRATIVE LAW JUDGE HEARING
Claimant Name: [Your Full Legal Name]
Social Security Number (Last 4 Digits) / Claimant ID: [XXX-XX-1234 / Claim ID #]
Address, Phone, and Email: [Your Contact Information]
Notice of Determination Date Mailed: [Exact Date Printed on Denial Notice]
Issue / Determination Code Appealed: [Determination ID / Issue Number]
Former Employer: [Employer Legal Name and Address]

To the Unemployment Insurance Appeals Division / Office of Administrative Hearings:

Please accept this letter as my timely formal appeal of the Notice of Determination mailed on [Date Mailed], which denied my claim for unemployment insurance benefits under [Section of Law Listed on Notice]. I request a formal evidentiary hearing before an Administrative Law Judge [by telephone / video / in person].

GROUNDS FOR APPEAL:
[Option A - If Fired / Accused of Misconduct:]
The initial determination erroneously concluded that I was discharged for disqualifying misconduct connected with my work. I never committed any willful, deliberate, or wanton violation of employer standards. Throughout my employment from [Start Date] to [End Date], I performed my duties to the best of my ability. The separation on [End Date] resulted from [an isolated good-faith error / inability to meet a newly increased quota despite my best efforts / a medically documented illness reported in compliance with company call-out procedures], which does not constitute disqualifying misconduct under applicable law.

[Option B - If Resigned / Constructive Discharge:]
The initial determination erroneously concluded that I voluntarily left employment without good cause attributable to the employer. I was compelled to separate on [End Date] due to compelling work-related good cause attributable to the employer, specifically [unpaid wages / a substantial unilateral reduction in pay and hours / documented unsafe working conditions / severe harassment]. Prior to separating, I took all reasonable steps to preserve my employment by notifying [Supervisor / HR Name] in writing on [Dates], but the employer failed to remedy the condition.

[Option C - If Denied as Not Able and Available:]
The initial determination erroneously concluded that I was not able and available for work beginning [Date]. As confirmed by the attached medical clearance from my physician [Dr. Name] dated [Date], I am fully able and available for full-time work in occupations consistent with my restrictions [e.g., clerical, customer service, or sedentary roles] and have actively searched for work each week.

REQUEST FOR CASE FILE AND INTERPRETER:
Please provide me with a complete copy of the administrative fact-finding file, including all statements and documents submitted by the employer, prior to the hearing. [Optional: I also request a certified interpreter in (Language).]

Respectfully submitted,

[Your Signature]
[Your Printed Name]
[Date]

Intambwe ku yindi igitabu co gukina kugira ngo utsinde urubanza rwawe rw'Umucamanza w'Itegeko ry'Ubutegetsi (ALJ)¶

Ivyiyumviro birenga 90 kw’ijana vy’ubujurire bw’abashomeri bibera kuri telefone canke ku nama y’amasanamu kandi bimara iminota 30 gushika kuri 45. Kubera ko akenshi aka ari akaryo kawe konyene mu nzira y’amategeko ko gutanga ibimenyamenya no gutanga ubuhamya buzima, kwitegura ni co kintu gihambaye:

1. Index kandi ushikirize ibimenyetso vyawe ku Mucamanza no ku Mukoresha (imisi 3 gushika kuri 5 imbere y'urubanza): Niba ushaka ko ALJ asoma ubutumwa bwo kuri telefone, email, inyandiko y'umuganga, canke paystub mu gihe c'urubanza rwo kuri telefone, utegerezwa gutumako, gutumako fax, canke gushiramwo kopi z'ibiro vy'umukoresha kuri BOSE urutonde kuri' Itangazo ry’Urubanza imbere y’igihe c’iherezo c’imbere y’urubanza. Iyo unaniwe kohereza kopi ku mukoresha, umucamanza ategerezwa gukuraho inyandiko yawe mu bimenyamenya.
2. Gushire ku murongo abatangabuhamya ba mbere n’urutonde rw’igihe rw’urupapuro 1: Saba umutangabuhamya wese afise ubumenyi bwiwe bwite butaziguye agire uruhara mu guhamagara (amakete yemejwe n’abatangabuhamya batahari aragabanywa nk’inkuru z’uruyeri). Wandike urutonde rw’amatariki y’ugukoresha, ibintu nyamukuru vyabaye, n’ugutandukana kw’urupapuro 1 kugira ngo ntuzokwigere urondera amatariki warahiye.
3. Ntukigere uciramwo mu gihe c’uguhamagara kandi ubaze ibibazo vy’ugusubiramwo: Niwishure uguhamagara kw’umucamanza ku nkuru ya mbere (canke uhamagara mu kiraro iminota 10 imbere; gucererwa iminota 5 bituma Ukwirukanwa). Guma ucecekeye rwose mu gihe umukoresha ariko aratanga ubuhamya kandi wandike amajambo yose y’ikinyoma. Igihe umucamanza abajije nimba ufise ibibazo ku cabona c’umukoresha, nubaze ibibazo bigufi vy’egome canke oya bigaragaza ukuntu ata bumenyi canke imburi bafise bwite:
4. "Madamu Smith, woba wariho ku mubiri mu cumba ku wa 12 Gitugutu igihe iki kiganiro bivugwa ko cabaye?"
5. "Mbega mwarigeze mumpa imburi yanditse ivuga ko akazi kanje kari mu kaga imbere y'itariki 12 Gitugutu?"
6. "None si ukuri ko nagurungikiye email isaha zitandatu n'iminota cumi n'itanu z'ijoro ku wa 12 Gitugutu nshizeko igitabu canje co gusohoka mu cumba c'ubuvuzi vyihutirwa?"
7. Tanga Ijambo ry'Isozera ry'amasegonda 60 kandi ukoreshe imfashanyo y'amategeko ku buntu: Nuvuge mu ncamake ingingo ngenderwako y'amategeko mu gusozera: "Nyakubahwa, umukoresha yashizeho gusa amakuru y'abantu babiri ku bijanye n'[Itariki], mu gihe jewe nashizeho ubuhamya nkoresheje ubumenyi bwanje bwite kandi n'inyandiko nyinshi zari zisanzwe. ikosa ry’ukwizera kwiza [canke ukubura kw’ubuvuzi kwamenyeshejwe neza], atari inyifato mbi y’ibigirankana ndagusavye guhindura ingingo maze ugatanga inyungu zanje." Kugira ngo unserukire ku buntu mu rubanza rwawe, bwira Ishirahamwe ry’Ubufasha mu vy’amategeko ryo mu karere iwanyu), ishure ry’amategeko ry’abashomeri ry’i New York canke Legal Work Center muri New York canke Legal Work Center muri New York.

Ibibazo bikunda kubazwa¶

Amasoko yasuzumwe¶

• Igisata ca Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika kijejwe ubuyobozi bw’abakozi, akazi n’amahugurwa (ETA, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika): Igereranyo ry’amategeko ya Leta yerekeye ubwishingizi bw’ubushomeri (Ibice vy’uburenganzira butajanye n’amahera, inyifato mbi, gusohoka ku bushake, n’ibice vy’ubujurire) na *Impanuro za UIPL ku bijanye n’ubwishingizi bubereye.
• Inama z'Ubujurire n'Ivyagezwe vy'Ubwishingizi bw'Ubushomeri (Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika): Inama y'Ubujurire y'Ubwishingizi bw'Ubushomeri muri California (Itegeko ry'Ubwishingizi bw'Ubushomeri ryo muri Cal. §§ 1256, 1328; Ingingo z'Ubwishingizi bw'Ubushomeri bwa Leta ya New York §§ 593, 620*), Komisiyo y’abakozi yo muri Texas (Itegeko ry’abakozi ryo muri Texas Igice ca 207 n’Itegeko ry’Ubujurire n’Igitabo c’Ivya mbere), Komisiyo y’Ubujurire y’Ifashanyo yo Gusubira Guhabwa Akazi yo muri Florida (Igihugu ca Florida § 443.151), Igisata c’Ubujurire co muri Illinois* 405/601-602*), n’Inama y’Isuzuma ry’Ivyigwa vy’Ishure ryisumbuye rya Pennsylvanie (43 P.S. § 802).
• Urukiko rwa Canada n’ubwishingizi bw’abantu rwa Canada (Canada): Itegeko ry’ubwishingizi bw’akazi (S.C. 1996, c. 23, §§ 29-30) na Igitabu c’ingingo ngenderwako zijanye n’uburenganzira bwo guhabwa inyungu (Igice ca 6 & 7: Guheba akazi ku bushake.
• Igisata c'akazi n'amapensiyo (DWP) n'Ishirahamwe ry'Inkiko n'Inkiko za HM (Ubwongereza): Inguzanyo y'Isi Yose n'Impanuro y'Umuco Mushasha n'Impanuro zo Gusubira Kwiyumvira.
• Services Australia n’Urukiko rwo Gusubiramwo Ubutegetsi (Australia): Itegeko ry’Umutekano w’Igihugu 1991 (Itegeko ryerekeye Uburenganzira bwo Guhembwa n’Isubiramwo ry’Ubarondera Akazi).

Inyobora zifitaniye isano¶

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• Imishahara itahembwe n'ubusuma bw'imishahara
• Gutotezwa ku kazi n'ibidukikije vy'akazi vy'urwanko
• Gutegura ingengo y'imari vyihutirwa mu gihe c'ugutakaza inyungu
• Inomero z'ivyihutirwa hakurikijwe igihugu