Ikarata ya SD canke ikarata ya CFexpress yasubiwemwo canke yahinduwe mu kamera mu gihe co gutera: Ugufunga kwandika-gukingira, akaga ka TRIM, n’ugubaza RAW¶

Gukanda mu mpanuka Ikarata y'imiterere (Format Media) imbere mu kamera ya Sony Alpha, Canon EOS, Nikon Z, Fujifilm, canke Panasonic Lumix hagati mu gihe c’ubugeni canke c’ubudandaji, canke ubona umuco w’ivyo ubona Card Cannot Be Accessed / Card Not Formatted / Format Card?, ni inzozi mbi cane z’umufotozi n’amasanamu wese. Mu masegonda atanu ya mbere inyuma y’impanuka y’ivyo mu kamera canke . Delete All Images itegeko, hafi 100 kw'ijana vy'amafoto yawe RAW (.CR3, .ARW, .NEF, .RAF, .DNG) n’imigende y’amasanamu (.MP4, .MOV) ziracari zicaye ku mubiri imbere mu nzira y’ubuhinga bwa NAND flash memory. Igisenyura ubukwe canke gutera amasanamu ubuziraherezo ni ikikurikira: gufata mbere "amafoto y'igerageza" abiri canke atatu kugira ngo urabe nimba ikarita yongera gukora, kureka kamera igasubira gukora index no kwandika amakuru mashasha y'amadosiye (SONY/AVCHD, DCIM/100CANON), canke kwinjiza ikarata yononekaye muri laptop ya macOS canke Windows utakoresheje umuyagankuba wo kurinda kwandika. Nimba videwo imwe gusa yaciwe n’ibateri yapfuye hagati mu gufata amajwi aho guca ku ikarita ya format, simbuka kuri . kamera RAW videwo MP4/MOV dosiye itarangijwe inyuma y'urupfu rwa bateri no gusanura umutwe wa atome; ku makosa rusangi y'ibikoresho vy'ikarata y'ububiko canke ukunanirwa kw'umusomyi, raba Igiturire c'ikarita ya SD, ikosa ry'ikarita y'ububiko bw'amasanamu, n'ugutabara amafoto y'umusi mukuru w'ubugeni na gukuraho dosiye ku mpanuka, umuvuduko wahinduwe, no gusubiza amafoto. Nimba amasanamu yazimiye arimwo ibimenyamenya vy’ubugizi bwa nabi bishobora gutuma umuntu apfa, impanuka y’imodoka, canke itohoza ry’abapolisi bariko barakora, hamagara inomero y’ivyihutirwa yo mu karere iwanyu (911 muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika no muri Kanada, 112 mu bihugu vyose vy’Ubumwe bw’Uburaya, 999 mu Bwongereza) canke urabe ububiko bwacu bwa . inomero z'ivyihutirwa.

Ivyo ubikore ubu¶

1. NTUKANDE buto y’ugufunga n’aho yoba ari rimwe, hanyuma ukure bateri y’ibarabara (canke uhindure umuriro OFF maze ushiremwo iyo karata) ubwo nyene: Amakamera y’ubu atagira indorerwamo (Sony, Canon, Nikon) gukomeza kwandika amakuru y'inyuma (INDX.BDM, MOVIEOBJ.BDM, .CTG katalogi) ku ikarita. Zima umuriro maze ukureho ikarita mu masegonda 2.
2. Nimba ikarita ari ikarita SD / SDHC / SDXC isanzwe, n'ushireho ikarita y'umubiri LOCK guhindura ku ruhande rw'ibubamfu MANSI werekeza ku bipimo vyo hasi ubwo nyene: Guhindura urupapuro rwo kwandika-kurinda ku LOCK ibwira abasomyi b'amakarata ya USB yubahiriza amategeko yose yo kwandika. (CFexpress Type A/B, XQD, na microSD amakarata ntagira umuhinduzi w’umubiri; gushitsa uburyo bwo gusoma gusa kuri mudasobwa yawe imbere y'uko uyishiramwo.)
3. Shira ikarata mu gikapu gikomeye, uyishireko ikimenyetso DO NOT USE - RECOVERY, hanyuma ushire ikarata nshasha y’inyuma muri kamera kugira ngo urangize gufata amasanamu: Ntukigere ugerageza gusubirana hagati mu birori bikora kuri bateri ya laptop. Guhindura ikarita nshasha, kugenzura amajwi y'ibibanza bibiri (RAW + RAW backup) irakora, kandi ikora ivy’ugusubizaho ivy’amategeko ku meza ifise ubushobozi bwa AC.
4. NTUKIGEZE ukanda "Format Disk," "Gutangura," canke "Scan na Fix (chkdsk)" iyo ushize ikarita muri Windows canke macOS: Gukanda Scan na Fix birakora chkdsk /f, ihindura amafoto ya RAW n’amasanamu y’amasanamu y’ibice 4K bikaba atashobora gusomwa . FOUND.000/FILE0000.CHK ibice, ukandika hejuru y’ibice ukeneye kubaza.
5. Rema ishusho y'umuce w'agace-ku-gace (.img canke .dmg) y’ikarata kuri SSD yo mu mudasobwa yawe ukoresheje ddrescue canke Disk Drill / R-Photo imbere yo gukoresha ubuhinga bwo gusubizaho: Imisi yose ushire ishusho y’ikarata yose rimwe (64 GB, 128 GB, 256 GB) kuri dosiye iri kuri SSD yawe maze ukoreshe ibikoresho vyose vyo gusubizaho .img kopi.
6. Koresha igikoresho co gupima amadosiye n'igikoresho co gupima amasanamu gishingiye ku mukono (PhotoRec, R-Photo, Disk Drill Advanced Camera Recovery, canke SanDisk RescuePRO): Ivyagezwe Quick Format zero exFAT Imbonerahamwe y'ugutanga dosiye (FAT / Cluster Bitmap), rero kubaza umukono gusoma ikirundo cose ata guca ku ruhande kugira ngo ukuremwo inyishu yuzuye . .CR3, .ARW, .NEF, na .RAF amashusho.

Igiti c'ingingo: uburyo bwo mu kamera, gukuraho, canke Card Error gutoranya vyihutirwa¶

Koresha iyi flowchart igihe ikarita y'ububiko ihinduwe, ifutwa, canke yanse mu gihe co gutera:

flowchart TD
    Start["Ivyihutirwa: Ikarita ya SD / CFexpress yatunganijwe, yasubiwemwo, canke yerekana ikosa ry'ikarita"] --> EjectNow["Zima Camera Ubwo nyene & Ushiremwo Ikarita (Fata 0 Ibindi Bishushanyo)"]

    EjectNow --> CardType{"Ni Ubuhe buryo bw’Ikarata y’Umubiri?"}
    CardType -->|"Ingano yuzuye SD / SDHC / SDXC"| FlipSwitch["Slide y'umubiri Kwandika-Kingira Guhindura MANSI ku LOCK Position"]
    CardType -->|"CFexpress Ubwoko A / Ubwoko B / XQD / microSD"| SoftLock["Nta gihindura c'umubiri: Guhagarika OS kwishiramwo & kwishiramwo kwandika kuri PC/Mac mbere"]

    FlipSwitch --> ImageCard["Huza biciye ku buryo bwiza USB 3.2 / Umusomyi w'inkuba -> Rema ishusho y'ibice ku bice (.img) na ddrescue"]
    SoftLock --> ImageCard

    ImageCard --> HexCheck["Suzuma dosiye y'ishusho ku makuru atari zero (hexdump -C ikarita.img | umutwe -n 40)"]
    HexCheck --> IsZeroed{"Mbega Ivyicaro Vyose Inyuma y’Ugukuraho 64MB Ni Zero Zisukuye (00 00) canke FF FF?"}

    IsZeroed -->|"Ego: 100% Zero ku ishusho yose"| TrimHit["Ivyuma vy'amasanamu vyarungitswe SD_ERASE (CMD38) canke NVMe TRIM: Ni vyo vyonyene bishobora kugerageza gukiza"]
    IsZeroed -->|"Oya: Amakuru y'ubutunzi agaragara ku ikarita"| FailureMode{"None iyo Karata yabaye iki?"}

    FailureMode -->|"Gukuraho mu mpanuka (Ifoto imwe canke yose)"| ExfatScan["Ububiko bw'inyandiko bwashizweko ikimenyetso 0xE5 / 0x05 -> Gukoresha R-Studio / Disiki y'imyimenyerezo / Disiki y'igerageza kugira ngo ugarure amazina y'amadosiye nyayo"]
    FailureMode -->|"Uburyo bwo mu kamera (uburyo busanzwe bwa FAT32 / exFAT)"| RawCarve["FAT / Igishushanyo c'ibice Zeroed -> Gukoresha umukono wo kubaza (PhotoRec ku mafoto RAW / Ababaza ibice vy'amafoto biteye imbere ku MP4)"]
    FailureMode -->|"Camera Ivuga: Ikarita Ntishobora Kuronka / Ikeneye Uburyo"| PartitionFix["Igice ca Boot canonekaye canke Imbonerahamwe y'Imigabane -> Gusubira kwubaka Igice ca Boot c'Igihugu na TestDisk CANKE Carve Raw Image"]

Icigwa ca mbere: Ivyo mu vy'ukuri bishika imbere mw'ikarita ya SD canke CFexpress iyo ukanda kuri "Format".¶

Ni kuki abafotozi bamwebamwe bakira . 100% mu madosiye yabo 2.500 y’ubugeni bwa RAW inyuma y’aho bakoresheje uburyo bwo gufata amasanamu mu mpanuka, mu gihe abandi basubirana . 100% y'amafoto yabo nk'atunganye .CR3 / .NEF amadosiye ariko arasanga ko 4K yabo .MP4 amasanamu y’amasanamu ntazokinwa, kandi umugwi ugira gatatu urabona 0 files found? Inyishu ivana n’ibintu bitatu vy’ubuhinga: Igishushanyo c’urugero rusanzwe n’urw’urugero ruto (CMD38 / TRIM),exFAT gutanga amatsinda, na Gucapura amafoto n’amasanamu.

1. Uburyo busanzwe n'uburyo bwa Canon "Uburyo bwo ku rwego rwo hasi" n'uburyo bwose bwa Sony (SD_ERASE)¶

Gereranya ingene umuhinguzi wese w’amafoto ashira mu ngiro itegeko ryiwe ryo mu kamera Format kuri SDXC na CFexpress ibinyamakuru:

2. Kubera iki amafoto ya RAW abaza neza mu gice 1 mu gihe 4K .MP4 / .MOV ibice vy'amasanamu¶

Mbere n’igihe ikarata y’ibice (FAT / exFAT Cluster Heap Bitmap) irahanagurwa n'imiterere, kuki ishobora PhotoRec gusubirana amafoto 3.000 RAW ata ngorane mu gihe uriko uragwana n' .MP4 amadosiye ya videwo?

+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| HOW CAMERAS WRITE RAW PHOTOS VS. 4K VIDEO CLIPS ON exFAT CARDS          |
|                                                                         |
| 1. STILL PHOTOS (.CR3 / .ARW / .NEF / .JPG):                            |
|    [Cluster 100][Cluster 101][Cluster 102][Cluster 103] (45 MB total)   |
|    -> Stored CONTIGUOUSLY (one cluster right after another) unless you  |
|       deleted individual photos mid-shoot and filled tiny gaps.         |
|    -> A carver scans for the TIFF/CR3 start header (49 49 2A 00 or      |
|       ftypcrx) and reads straight through to the end of the photo.      |
|                                                                         |
| 2. DUAL-STREAM VIDEO + PROXY + XML OR INTERLEAVED AUDIO/VIDEO (.MP4):   |
|    [4K Video Chunk 1][Proxy Sub-Stream Chunk 1][4K Video Chunk 2][Thumb]|
|    -> Many cameras record main 4K video (M4ROOT/CLIP/C0001.MP4) and     |
|       a low-res proxy (SUB/C0001S01.MP4) or XML telemetry simultaneously|
|    -> This interleaves clusters on disk: Main Video -> Proxy -> Main.   |
|    -> When formatting wipes the exFAT cluster chain, a naive carver     |
|       glues Proxy clusters into the middle of the 4K video file.        |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+

Kubera ivyo bifatanya, gusubiza amafoto akiri RAW/JPEG bikorana n'abacuzi b'urutonde rw'ubuntu (PhotoRec / R-Photo), mu gihe gukira vyashizwemwo/vyacitsemwo ibice .MP4 na .MOV videwo inyuma y'imiterere bisaba umukozi wo gusubira kwubaka videwo azi akadiri (Disk Drill Advanced Camera Recovery, Treasure / Grau, canke recover_mp4 + . GoPro/Sony fragment stitcher) iyo isesangura H.264 / H.265 (HEVC) Ibice vya NAL na PCM / AAC ibice vy'amajwi vy'ikirundo ku kindi.

Icigwa ca 2: Gufunga ikarita no gukora igishushanyo c'ubuhinga bwa none (.img)¶

Ntukigere ureka umugenzuzi wa Windows, umugenzuzi wa macOS (mds_stores / Itara), Adobe Itara, canke Umumekanishije w'amafoto kwandika .DS_Store, .Spotlight-V100, System Volume Information, canke .pmingest dosiye ku ikarita uriko uragerageza gukiza.

Intambwe ya 1: Gukoresha ibikoresho n'uburyo bwo gukoresha-uburinzi bwo kwandika¶

1. Ku makarita y'ubunini bushitse SD / SDHC / SDXC: Fata ikarita SD iriko ikimenyetso kiguhanganye n’ibipimo vy’inzahabu biri inyuma vyerekanye hejuru. Rondera akazu gatoyi k’ipulasitike ku uruhande rw’ibubamfu hanyuma ugasunike HASI (kure y’ibipimo vy’inzahabu) mu LOCK ikibanza.
2. Kubera CFexpress Type A, CFexpress Type B, XQD, na microSD Amakarata (Nta Muhinduzi w'Umubiri):
3. Ku macOS: Imbere yo kwinjiza ikarita, fungura Terminal maze witegure gukuraho filesystem ubwo nyene (diskutil unmountDisk /dev/diskN) mu gihe usiga igikoresho c'ububiko butagiramwo ibintu (/dev/rdiskN) ziboneka kugira ngo umuntu ashobore gusoma gusa.
4. Kuri Linux (Ubuntu / Fedora): Guhagarika ibikorwa vy'ibiro (gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.media-handling automount false) imbere y’uko winjiza ikarata.
5. Kuri Windows 10 / 11: Irinde gutanga urudome rw’umuduga canke gufungura Explorer mu gihe uriko urafata ishusho y’umuduga w’umubiri mu R-Photo canke Disk Drill.

Intambwe ya 2: Rema dosiye y'ishusho y'agace-ku-gace (wedding_card1.img) kuri SSD yawe yo mu mutima¶

Imbere yo gukoresha porogarama iyo ari yo yose yo gusubizaho, kopira umuce wose (Sector 0 ku gice ca nyuma c’ikarata) kikaba kimwe . .img dosiye kuri NVMe/SSD y'imbere yihuta n'imiburiburi 1.5x ku 2x ubushobozi bw’ikarita ku buntu.

Amahitamwo A: Gukoresha GNU ddrescue kuri macOS canke Linux (Ikigereranyo c'inzahabu)¶

1. Injira ikarita yugarijwe mu gikoresho co gusoma ikarita ca USB 3.2 Gen 2 canke Thunderbolt.
2. Menya ikimenyetso c'igikoresho c'ikarita yose (ntiwigere ugira igice gusa):
3. Kuri macOS: Gukoresha diskutil list kugira uronke ikarita yawe yo hanze (nk'akarorero, /dev/disk4), hanyuma ubwo nyene ushireho umuvuduko wayo kugira ngo Finder na Spotlight ntibashobore kwandika . .DS_Store: diskutil unmountDisk /dev/disk4.
4. Kuri Linux: Kwiruka lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,MODEL,RO,FSTYPE,MOUNTPOINTS (Nk'akarorero, /dev/sdc canke /dev/nvme1n1 ku basomyi ba PCIe CFexpress) no gukuraho imigabane yose: sudo umount /dev/sdc* 2>/dev/null.
5. Kwiruka ddrescue ukoresheje igikoresho c'inyuguti zidasanzwe kuri macOS (/dev/rdisk4 aho /dev/disk4) canke guhagarika igikoresho kuri Linux (/dev/sdc):

   # On macOS (install via: brew install ddrescue)
   sudo ddrescue -f -n -b 4096 /dev/rdisk4 ~/Desktop/wedding_card1.img ~/Desktop/wedding_card1.map
   
   # On Linux
   sudo ddrescue -f -n -b 4096 /dev/sdc ~/wedding_card1.img ~/wedding_card1.map
   

   Ku gigabyte 128 zifise amagara meza UHS-II SDXC ikarita280 MB/s) canke CFexpress Type B ikarita1,500 MB/s), iyo backup yuzuye iraheza mu minota 2 gushika ku minota 8. Rimwe ddrescue Raporo 100% rescued, ukureho iyo karata y’umubiri maze uyisubize mu gasandugu kayo. Kora 100 kw’ijana vy’igikorwa cawe co gukira ku . wedding_card1.img.

Ihitamwo B: Gukora ishusho y'ububiko kuri Windows (GUI y'ubuntu)¶

1. Gukuraho Ifoto ya R (n’ubuhinga bwa R-Tools, ku buntu kugira ngo ushobore gusubirana amafoto/amasanamu), Igikoresho co gutobora kuri disiki, canke DMDE.
2. Mu R-Ifoto, kanda iburyo ku gikoresho c'ikarita SD/CFexpress (128 GB Generic Storage Device, si gusa . E: igice) hanyuma uhitemwo Rema Ishusho -> Ishusho ya Byte-ku-byte (.dsk / .img), ukabibika kuri SSD yawe yo mu mutima.
3. Mu Disk Drill, kanda Igikoresho co gusubiza inyuma mu ruhande rw'ibubamfu, uhitemwo ikarita, hanyuma ubike .img dosiye kuri SSD yawe yo mu mutima.

Intambwe ya 3: Kora isuzuma ry’amasegonda 5 (Did the camera zero my NAND flash with CMD38 / TRIM?)¶

Suzuma nimba wedding_card1.img irimwo amakuru y’amashusho nyayo apfutse arenga megabytes 100 za mbere (aho ubusa exFAT ameza arabaho):

hexdump -C -s 104857600 ~/Desktop/wedding_card1.img | head -n 40

Icigwa ca 3: Gusubizaho amadosiye yasubiwemwo n'amafoto ya RAW (PhotoRec, TestDisk, R-Photo)¶

Hitamwo uburyo bwo gusubirana bishingiye ku vyashikiye ikarita:

Ivyabaye 1: Waciye utera "Delete" canke "Delete amashusho yose" (NTA format y'ikarita)¶

Iyo usubije amafoto ari muri kamera ata format, exFAT canke FAT32 imbonerahamwe y'ugutanga n'inyandiko z'ububiko biracari vyinshi: kamera ihindura gusa byte ya mbere y'inyandiko y'ububiko bwa dosiye yose (0x85 kwinjira muri dosiye exFAT yahinduwe 0x05 ikimenyetso kitakoreshejwe, canke 0xE5 muri FAT32). 1. Gufungura wedding_card1.img mu Disiki y'Igerageza, DMDE, R-Ifoto, canke Igikoresho co Gupima Disiki:

# Using TestDisk on macOS / Linux / Windows:
testdisk ~/Desktop/wedding_card1.img

Ivyabaye 2: Wahinduye ikarita mu kamera (Quick / Standard Format) kandi ukeneye amafoto RAW na JPEG¶

Iyo ikarita ihinduwe mu kamera, exFAT Ububiko bw'umuzi (DCIM/100EOS5D) na Bitmap y'Igice c'Itsinda birakurwaho. Ivyagezwe Undelete izokwereka ububiko butagira ikintu. Utegerezwa gukoresha Ibara ry'Isinya (Ibara ry'Idosiye), ryirengagiza urutonde rw'amadosiye rwahanaguwe rwose kandi rikagenzura umuce wose wa wedding_card1.img ku mutwe n'inyuma vy'ivyo kamera yawe ikoresha mu buryo bwa RAW:

Intambwe ku yindi RAW Amafoto Gubaza n' PhotoRec (Ubuntu, Inkomoko-Yuguruye, Umusaraba-Ikibanza)¶

1. Rema ubusa ububiko bw'isohoka kuri muduga ufise umwanya mwinshi:

   mkdir -p ~/Desktop/Recovered_Wedding_Photos
   

2. Gutanguza PhotoRec yerekanye kuri dosiye y'ishusho yawe:

   photorec ~/Desktop/wedding_card1.img
   

3. Gutunganya PhotoRec kugira ngo ubone umuvuduko mwinshi n'ukuri:
4. Hitamwo wedding_card1.img -> [Proceed].
5. Gushira ahabona [File Opt] hasi imbere yo gutangura gucapura: kanda s guhagarika ubwoko bwose 300 bw'amadosiye y'ibiro/ububiko, hanyuma ushoboze gusa [x] jpg, [x] tif (ibipfukishwa .ARW, .NEF, .CR2, .DNG),[x] cr3 (mov/mp4/crx), kandi [x] raf. Kanda b kugira ngo ubike ivyashizweho.
6. Hitamwo igice (canke Whole disk), hitamwo [Other] (FAT/NTFS/exFAT/HFS+), hitamwo [Whole] (scane igice cose, ntube gusa umwanya utagenewe, kuko ikarita yari yarateguwe), hanyuma uhitemwo . -/Desktop/Recovered_Wedding_Photos mu gukanda C.

Icigwa ca 4: Gusubizaho uburyo canke ibice 4K / 8K .MP4 na .MOV Videwo y'ubugeni¶

Niba warahinduye ikarita irimwo amasanamu (.MP4, .MOV, .CRM, .BRAW) bivuye kuri Sony FX3/a7S III, Canon R5C/C70, Panasonic GH6/S5II, DJI Drone, canke GoPro, uzoca ubona ningoga ingorane ku bikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwa none nk’ PhotoRec: - Ivyo bibajwe .mp4 dosiye zishobora kuba ntizishobora gukinwa (0 seconds duration) canke ukinire amasegonda 2 hanyuma ushiremwo. - Kubera iki? Kubera imvo zibiri: 1. Ivyiyumviro vy’ubuhinga/amajwi/ivy’ubuhinga bwa none: Nk’uko vyerekanwa ku kigereranyo kiri mu Ciciro ca 1, amakamera afata amasanamu y’imigende ibiri (Main 4K + . Sub Proxy canke .XML sidecars) amatsinda ahinduka ari ku ikarita. 2. Batandukanye ftyp / mdat / moov atome: Ivy'ubu .MP4 na .MOV ibikoresho bishira umugezi w'amasanamu/amajwi atagiramwo ibintu vyinshi imbere mu gikoresho kinini cane mdat atome maze wandike urutonde rw'urutonde (moov atome) ku mpera nyene y’ivyo biganiro. Nimba . mdat na moov atome zari zitandukanijwe mu bice bitafatanye ku karata, umuhinga mu vyo kubaza umurongo arazigabanyamwo amadosiye abiri yamenetse.

Uko wosubira kwubaka amasanamu y'amasanamu yatunganijwe / yacitsemwo ibice¶

1. Koresha igikoresho co gucapura amasanamu (Disk Drill 5+ Advanced Camera Recovery canke SanDisk RescuePRO Deluxe: Udakunze abacuzi ba dosiye basanzwe basoma amatsinda mu buryo bujanye n'umurongo, amashusho y'ubuhinga bwa none yihariye y'amafoto aracapura wedding_card1.img kuri buri mdat igice ca videwo na moov urutonde rw'imbonerahamwe, kugaragaza intambwe y'ivyuma vy'amasanamu (nk'akarorero, Sony XAVC-S / XAVC-HS, Canon XF-AVC / MP4, GoPro Chaptered MP4, DJI Drone MP4), ukureho amatsinda y’ibikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwa none, hanyuma wongere ushiremwo amatsinda y’amasanamu n’amajwi afise ubushobozi bwo gukina . .MP4.
2. Nimba umuntu abajwe .MP4 canke .MOV dosiye ifise ubunini bwayo bwose (e.g., 4.2 GB) kuri disiki ariko yanse gufungura muri Premiere Pro, DaVinci Resolve, canke VLC (moov atom not found: Amakuru ya videwo (mdat) yari ibajwe ata co ihinduye, mugabo . moov umutwe w'urutonde ku mpera y'igice warabuze canke waranditswe hejuru mu gihe c'imiterere. Ushobora gusubira kwubaka inyubakwa nshasha moov atome mu masegonda 30 mu gutanga ishingiro rikora .MP4 dosiye yafashwe kuri kamera imwe nyene n'ubushobozi bumwe, igipimo c'amafoto, na codec hakoreshejwe untrunc canke recover_mp4:

   # Using untrunc with a working sample video from the same camera body:
   untrunc /path/to/working_reference_from_same_camera.MP4 /path/to/carved_unplayable_clip.mp4
   

   Kugira ngo ubone intambwe ku yindi itegeko ryose ryo gusubira kwubaka ryabuze moov atome na mdat imitwe n' recover_mp4 na ffmpeg, ukurikize ubuyobozi bwacu bw'abavukanyi: Camera RAW videwo MP4 na MOV dosiye itarangijwe inyuma y'urupfu rwa bateri canke impanuka: gusanura umutwe wa atome.

Icigwa ca 5: Gukosora "Card Cannot Be Accessed / Format Card" ATA guhindura¶

None iyo uta format ikarita, maze kamera yawe canke laptop yawe bikaza bitunguranye Card Cannot Be Accessed. Reinsert/Change the Card or Format Card with Camera (Canon Err 02, Sony Unable to read memory card, Windows RAW Partition)?

1. Ubanze usuzume amapins y’inzahabu n’igikoresho co gusoma ikarita: Sukura neza amapads y’inzahabu ari ku ikarita ya SD canke CFexpress ukoresheje igitambaro c’inzahabu kitagira ubwoya gitose n’agatonyanga gatoyi k’i 99% inzoga ya isopropyl (ntiwigere ufuha impwemu itose mu gitereko ca CFexpress). Igerageza mu gikoresho ca kabiri co hanze co gusoma ikarita ya USB y’agaciro kanini.
2. Ishusho y'ikarata n' ddrescue ubwo nyene (Iciciro ca 2). Naho igice coba kiduga nk’ RAW (Unformatted) mu gucunga Disiki ya Windows, ddrescue kopa imice idasanzwe iri munsi y'uruzitiro rwa dosiye.
3. Subizaho ububiko exFAT Umuce w'intango n' TestDisk (ku kopi ya wedding_card1.img: Buri exFAT ikarita igumya Igice c'Igikoresho co Gusubiramwo kimwe kuri Sector 12 inyuma y'Igice c'Ibirenge vy'Igihugu ku Sector 0. Niba umuyagankuba uhagaze canke gukura ikarita hanze mu gihe LED itukura yariko irazimya, vyononekaye Sector 0, ikarita yose iboneka ko "Idahinduwe" naho 100 kw'ijana vy'igiti c'ububiko bitagira ikibi:

   cp ~/Desktop/wedding_card1.img ~/Desktop/wedding_card1_workcopy.img
   testdisk ~/Desktop/wedding_card1_workcopy.img
   # Select: [Proceed] -> [Intel] -> [Advanced] -> Select Partition -> [Boot] -> [Backup BS]
   

   Gukopa Umuce w'Ivyuma vy'Inyuma ku Muce w'Ivyuma vy'Inyuma wononekaye ku wedding_card1_workcopy.img kenshi atera hejuru yose DCIM dosiye ubwo nyene n'100 kw'ijana vy'amazina yawe y'umwimerere ya dosiye n'amadosiye ataco akoze.

Icigwa ca 6: Urutonde rw'umutekano w'ikarita y'ubukwe n'ubucuruzi¶

Umaze gukiza igishushanyo no gushiramwo amadosiye yagarutse ku bikoresho bibiri bitandukanye, shira mu ngiro aya mategeko y’indero:

• Gutera ikarita zibiri (Simultaneous / Relay Redundancy: Slot 1 + Slot 2) ku gikorwa cose c’amahera: Shiraho izo nzira zompi kugira ngo wandike icarimwe RAW y’ubushobozi bwose (n’amasanamu y’ibibanza bibiri aho bishigikiwe).
• Ntukigere ufuta amafoto y’umuntu ku giti ciwe mu kamera mu gihe co gutera: Gukuraho amafoto mabi amwe amwe hagati mu gutera bitera utunogo dutoduto tw’ubusa hirya no hino exFAT bitmap, bihatira kamera guca ibice amadosiye ya videwo akurikira ya RAW canke 4K mu bice bitafatanye. Rindira gushika ushitse mu Lightroom canke Capture One kugira ngo uce.
• Guma igikapu c'amakarata "Exposed / Full" gitandukanye n'igikapu cawe c'amakarata "Blank": Hindukiza amakarata yuzuye hejuru-hasi mu gikapu gikomeye gitandukanye gifise ikimenyetso c'umutuku maze ushire SD LOCK guhindura ubwo nyene iyo ukuwe muri kamera.
• Format y'amakarata mu kamera GUSA mu ntango y'umugambi mushasha umaze kugenzura ko igishushanyo ca kera gica itegeko ry'ububiko bwa 3-2-1: Ntukigere uhindura ikarita gushika igishushanyo ca kera cicaye kuri SSD yawe ikora, NAS/RAID yawe yo mu karere, n'igishushanyo co hanze y'aho ukorera (ububiko bwa mudasobwa n'ingene 3-2-1).

Inomero z'ivyihutirwa zo mu karere n'amategeko y'ibigo¶

Ivyuma vy’ubuhinga bwa none vyazimiye canke vyononekaye birimwo amasanamu y’ugutombokana kw’amafoto y’imodoka, aho ubugizi bwa nabi bwabereye, canke amakuru y’amategeko bituma habaho amategeko agenga ivy’ivyihutirwa n’amategeko:

• Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika na Canada: Hamagara 911 ku bijanye n’ubuvuzi, umuriro, canke ivyihutirwa vy’abapolisi aho amasanamu ya dashcam, drone, canke kamera afata ikintu kiriko kiraba. Nimba ikarata y’ukwibuka irimwo ibimenyamenya vy’ubugizi bwa nabi, nuyifunge, uyishire mu ibahasha ry’ibimenyamenya ryanditsweko, hanyuma uyihe abahinga mu vy’amategeko kugira ngo bazigame Uruzitiro rw’Ukuzigama (NIST SP 800-86).
• Ubwongereza: Hamagara 999 ku bijanye n’ivyihutirwa vy’abapolisi, umuriro, canke inyishu y’imodoka itwara abarwayi, canke 101 ku bijanye no gutanga ibimenyamenya vy’abapolisi bitari ivyihutirwa (nk’Urubuga rw’Igihugu rw’Umutekano rwa Dash Cam). Kurikiza amabwirizwa ya NPCC Digital Forensics mu kuzigama ikarita y’umwimerere itakozweko.
• Ubumwe bw'Uburayi: Hamagara 112 mu bihugu vyose bigize Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi ku bijanye n’ivyihutirwa vy’abapolisi canke vy’ubuvuzi. Iciyumviro Ingingo ya 32 ya GDPR yerekeye umutekano n’ubunyankamugayo ku mafoto y’abaguzi.
• Ostraliya na Nouvelle-Zélande: Hamagara 000 muri Australiya canke 111 muri Nouvelle-Zélande kugira ngo haboneke inyishu zihutirwa.
• Ubuhinde na Aziya-Pasifike: Hamagara 112 mu Buhindi; kuzigama ibikoresho vy’ububiko bw’ibintu vy’umwimerere bitagiramwo ikibi hakurikijwe Igice ca 63 c’Itegeko ry’Igihugu ryitwa Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA) kugira ngo umuntu yemererwe.

Ibibazo bikunda kubazwa¶

None iyo . hexdump Suzuma vyerekanye vyose 00 00 canke FF FF zeros kuko nakoze format y'ikarita ya Sony canke nasuzumye "Format y'urugero ruto" kuri Canon?¶

Iyo uciye uyikuramwo ubwo nyene kandi ntuyisiga ifunguye, laboratwari yihariye yoshobora kuyigarura. Igihe kamera yohereza CMD38 (SD_GUSABA) canke NVMe Gukuraho (TRIM), umugenzuzi w’ikarata arakuraho igice cayo c’ubuhinduzi bw’umuco (FTL) imeza kugira ngo abasomyi ba USB baronke zero ubwo nyene, mu gihe amabuye ya NAND y’umubiri arindiriye gukurwaho inyuma. Laboratwari yo gusubizaho umuco wa NAND (`PC-3000 Flash`) ishobora gukuraho igice ca NAND canke igafatanya n’ibice vy’umubiri, ikarenga umugenzuzi, ikajugunya amapaji ya NAND atagiramwo ibintu, maze igasubira kwubaka imeza ya FTL imbere y’uko gukuraho igice c’umubiri gihera.

Ni gute noshobora gutoranya no guhindura izina ry'amadosiye 4.000 atagira izina (f1234567.cr3, f1234568.tif) ibajwe na PhotoRec?¶

Dosiye yose y’amafoto RAW na JPEG ishiramwo ikidodo c’igihe nyaco co gufata amasanamu, igishushanyo c’amafoto, n’urushinge imbere muri yo Umutwe wa EXIF. Gushiraho `ExifTool` kandi ukoreshe itegeko rimwe ryo gutoranya dosiye yose ibajwe mu madosiye y'ibihe maze uyihindure izina hakurikijwe igihe co gufata: `exiftool -r '-FileName ### Kubera iki `PhotoRec` canke `Disk Drill` gusubirana `240 GB` ya dosiye zivuye kuri `128 GB` Ikarata SD?

Keretse iyo ikarita yashizweko zero n’Imiterere y’Urugero Ruto, a `128 GB` ikarita ifise ubugeni bw'uyu musi mu gihe ca mbere `60 GB` y'amarundo hamwe n'amarundo yasigaye y'imirongo 2 canke 3 ya kera mu gice co hejuru `68 GB`, hamwe n’ibishushanyo vya JPEG vyinjijwe vyakuwe iruhande ya dosiye yose ya RAW. Iyo umaze gukoresha ExifIgikoresho itegeko ryo gutoranya itariki riri hejuru, amafoto yose y'uyu musi atera neza imbere y'uyu musi `YYYY-MM-DD` dosiye.

Egome. Igihe kimwe a CFexpress Ubwoko A canke CFexpress Ubwoko B ikarita yinjijwe mu gisomwa ca USB 3.2 canke Thunderbolt CFexpress, ubuhinga bwo gukoresha burayigaragaza nk’igikoresho co kubika amakuru ca NVMe gisanzwe gifise ubuhinga bwa . exFAT. Ibikoresho vyose vy'ubuhinga bwo gufata amashusho n'ugubaza (Gutabara, Ifoto Rec, R-Ifoto, Disiki) ikora mu buryo bumwe ku makarita ya CFexpress, igihe cose kamera itasohoye NVMe . Gukuraho (TRIM) itegeko mu gihe co guhindura.

Ama kamera atanga amatsinda ku ikarita nshasha yatunganijwe mu buryo bukurikirana guhera ku ntango y'ikirundo c'amakuru (`Cluster 2` imbere). Niba igishushanyo cawe ca kera cari gifise `60 GB` (`2,000 RAW photos`) kandi warahinduye ikarita maze uratera `1.5 GB` (`30 new RAW photos`), uwa mbere gusa . `1.5 GB` y'umukaraba wa kera (`50 old photos`) ryaranditsweko, mu gihe ibindi vyasigaye . `58.5 GB` (`1,950 old photos`) bicaye birenze ikimenyetso ca 1,5 GB biguma 100 kw’ijana bikomeye kandi bishobora gusubirana . biciye mu kubaza umukono.

Kubera n'ubu nyene amafoto ya RAW/JPEG, gukurura bateri mu gihe buffer iriko irasukurwa akenshi bitakaza gusa amafoto 1 gushika ku 5 akiri muri RAM ihinduka, canke bikongera bigatuma . `exFAT` ikarita y'agace (iki `PhotoRec` canke `TestDisk` inzira zica ku ruhande). Kubera gufata amasanamu (`.MP4` / `.MOV`), gukurura bateri hagati mu gufata amajwi bisiga dosiye ya videwo idashobora gukinwa kubera ko iherezo . `moov` atome y’index ntiyigeze yandikwa; reba ivyacu [kamera itarangijwe MP4/MOV videwo yo gusanura](camera-raw-video-mp4-mov-unfinalized-file-after-battery-death-or-crash-atom-header-repair.md) kugira ngo asubire kwubaka uwo mutwe.