Gutera mu kirere, gutera mu kirere, no gutabara umuntu akoresheje umurongo w’amashanyarazi canke igiti¶

Abaguruka mu kirere, abadereva b’indege zigendera ku kirere, abatwara indege zigendera ku kirere, abadereva b’indege zigendera ku kirere, n’abasimbuka ba BASE rimwe na rimwe barashikirwa n’uguhinduka kw’umuyaga bukwi na bukwi, ugusenyuka kw’ubushuhe, ugushirwaho kw’indege z’ububiko, canke ugusenyuka kwa moteri bituma umuntu ashobora kugwa hanze y’ikibuga mu buryo bwihutirwa akaja mu imirongo y’amashanyarazi y’umuriro mwinshi, nta n’imwe ishobora gutera ibisenge. Naho igipfukisho c’umuyaga c’inylon ubwaco akenshi gifata ukuntu umuntu agenda ataco akora, iminota ikurikira ubwo nyene iyo umuntu aguye hanze y’ikibuga akenshi irateye akaga kuruta iyo umuntu aguye ubwayo.

Umudereva w’indege canke umudereva w’indege amanitswe ku nzira y’amashanyarazi iri hejuru, arashobora gufatwa n’umuyagankuba iyo igisenge ciwe gifatanye n’ibikoresho bibiri, iyo kizunguruka kija ku giti c’amashanyarazi kiri hasi, canke iyo abantu bafise intumbero nziza bagenda hasi ku murongo w’amashanyarazi bagakora ku bikoresho vyabo. Ivyo nyene ni ubuhemu ugutera ku giti kirekire: abadereva b’indege n’abaguruka mu kirere amajana n’amajana bararokotse igiti c’umuberoshi canke c’ibiti bikomeye ata n’aho bacitse, gusa baragwa barapfa haciye iminota 10 kubera ko bafunguye umugozi wabo. rekura ibifata mu gihe ugerageza kuduga umanuka amashami y’igiti yo hanze y’igiti manini kandi ashobora gusenyuka. Ikindi, umuntu asimbuka ahagaze ataco akora mu migozi y’amaguru mu minota irenga 15 canke 30 arashobora gushikirwa n’ingorane zikomeye zo kwica orthostatic suspension trauma (harness hang syndrome) nk’ibidengeri vy’amaraso mu maguru yiwe azunguruka, mu gihe uwusimbuka ashobora kurohama mu masegonda makeyi, Vectran, canke imirongo y’ugumanika y’i Kevlar. Kumenya ingene wokwitegurira gutera intambamyi, igituma udakwiye kwigera ukata canke ngo ufungure igiti canke ku murongo w’amashanyarazi, be n’ingene wohunga iyo utereye mu mazi birakiza ubuzima.

Ivyo ubikore ubu¶

1. NTUKIGERE ufungura imigozi y’amaguru yawe canke ngo ukoreshe igikoresho co kurekura igisenge cawe igihe umanikiwe ku giti canke umanikijwe ku mirongo y’amashanyarazi. Igihe igisenge cawe c’inylon gihagaritse kugwa mu giti, igisenge n’imirongo y’ugumanika akenshi bifatwa gusa bikeyi ku mashami yawe yo hanze ariko arafata neza; guhindura uburemere bwawe kugira ngo ufungure canke guca parachute yawe nyamukuru bizokugwa hasi ugororotse.
2. Freeze completely uhagaze kandi ugumize abantu bose bari aho nibura metero 15 gushika kuri 30 (amafuti 50 gushika kuri 100) iyo ushitse mu mirongo y’amashanyarazi iri hejuru canke hafi y’aho. Naho imirongo yawe y’amashanyarazi yoba yumutse kandi utumvise uguhungabana kw’intango igihe igisenge cawe cakora ku murongo w’amashanyarazi, igiti c’icuma co gukoresha, canke kureka umuntu ari hasi akora ku birenge vyawe bizunguruka canke ku gikoresho co gufatako ivyuma bizoheza urugendo rw’umuriro mwinshi wica rwo gushika kw’isi; reba imirongo y'amashanyarazi yacitse n'umuyagankuba w'imodoka.
3. Hamagara inomero y’ivyihutirwa yo mu karere kawe (911 muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika na Canada, 112 mu Bumwe bw’Uburayi bwose, 999 mu Bwongereza) ubwo nyene. Nimba hari imirongo y’amashanyarazi, he uwurungika amakuru nyayo ya GPS canke inomero y’ibarabara kugira ngo **isosiyete y’amashanyarazi ishobore gukuraho umuriro wose no gutera umuriro; iyo uri mu giti kirekire, usabe umugwi w’abahinga mu vy’ugutabara / abahinga mu vy’ibiti; gusuzuma inomero z'ivyihutirwa.
4. Ikingire ku giti gikomeye co mu mutima imbere yo kwimuka nimba uriko uramanika mu giti. Gumana inkofero yawe uboshe, uzingire ukuboko n’ukuguru ku giti nyamukuru gihagaze (canke ushire umugozi wo gukingira igiti gikomeye), hanyuma ukomeze ushire igiti cawe gikomeye). mu matako yawe (ihungabana ry’uguhagarara).
5. Nimba ushobora kugwa mu mazi maremare, funga umugozi wawe wo mu gikiriza (kandi urekure ibikoresho) IMBERE y’uko utera, ariko urindire gushika ibirenge vyawe bikoze ku mazi kugira ngo uce igipfukisho nyamukuru maze ushire mu mugozi. Guca kure metero 10 (amafuti 33) mu kirere per smooth fatal illusion ibikomere; umaze gushika mu mazi, woge umuyaga uja hejuru canke ujabuka umuyaga kure y’igisenge c’inylon kiriko kirasenyuka kugira ngo ntufatwe munsi y’impuzu itose kandi idafise umwuka.
6. Igihe umudereva w’indege aguye ku giti canke akagira ingorane zikomeye zishobora gusenyuka hasi, agume afise inkofero yiwe (kiretse iyo ibujije gusubirana mu nzira y’impwemu) kandi ahagarike neza izosi n’umugongo. Gutera kw’indege n’umugongo bitera parachute canke parapente bitera guca ibice vy’umugongo; reba ibikomere vyo mu mugongo.

flowchart TD
    Start["Parachute, Parapente, canke Paramotor Gutera Hanze y'Ikibuga"] --> Obstacle{"None ni intambamyi iyihe irimwo?"}
    Obstacle -->|"Imirongo y'amashanyarazi yo hejuru"| PowerLine["1. Mu kirere: Gutera umuzigo w’icuma/imbugita y’urusenga; gukomeza ibirenge n'amavi bifatanye<br/>2. Gumanika ku nsinga: FREEZE N’UBURI; NTUKORE ku giti, ku nsinga ya kabiri, canke ku gicapo<br/>3. Abakozi bo hasi: Bagume inyuma metero 15 gushika kuri 30 (50 gushika kuri 100 ft); NTUKORE ku gipfukisho canke ku mirongo<br/>4. Rindira ko umuyagankuba wemeza ko umurongo wapfuye kandi ushizwe hasi"]
    Obstacle -->|"Igiti kirekire"| Tree["1. Mu kirere: Ukingire mu maso no mu muhogo ukoresheje amaboko y’imbere; amaguru afashe hamwe<br/>2. Gumanika ku giti: NTUKIGEZE ufungura imigozi y’amaguru canke ngo ukure igikoresho co guca<br/>3. Guhobera umubiri mukuru uhagaze canke ubohe mu mubiri n’urusenga/umugozi wo gucungera<br/>4. Pompa amaguru canke uhagarare ku ishami rikomeye kugira ngo wirinde guhagarara"]
    Obstacle -->|"Amazi maremare (Ikiyaga, Uruzi, Ikiyaga)"| Water["1. Imbere y'uko bitera: Kura umukanda wo mu gikiriza (n'umugozi w'umuduga ku ruhande)<br/>2. Rindira gushika ibirenge bikoze ku mazi, hanyuma ukure igikoresho co gucapura maze ushiremwo imigozi y’amaguru<br/>3. Woga UPWIND ushiremwo igisenge co kurohama n'imirongo y'ugumanikwa"]
    Obstacle -->|"Gukurura hasi n'umuyaga mwinshi"| WindDrag["1. Kurura igikoresho kimwe co guhindura amafirime canke igikoresho co gutera inyuma gushika mu ibaba<br/>2. Canke ukurure igikoresho co guca igisenge (ugutera mu kirere 3-ring)<br/>3. Hindukiza inyuma/ku ruhande kugira ngo ushire umugozi udafise uburemere maze wiruke C-hindukire hirya no hino y'igisenge"]

Ivyuma bitera umurongo w’amashanyarazi: Ubuzima bw’amashanyarazi menshi mu kirere no ku nsinga¶

1. Ibikorwa vyo mu ndege iyo umurongo w’amashanyarazi ugoranye bidashobora kwirindwa¶

Dukurikije ibivugwa n’ishirahamwe ry’abaguruka mu kirere ryo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika (USPA Skydiver’s Information Manual) be n’ishirahamwe ry’abaguruka mu kirere ryo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika (USHPA), iyo ubonye ko uri munsi ya metero 100 (amafuti 330) ko udashobora kwirinda imirongo y’amashanyarazi canke y’amashanyarazi iri hejuru:

1. Kora utuhinduko dutoduto, dusanzwe gusa: Ntukigere ukwegakwega urusenga rwo guhindura urudodo rwo mu kirere gitoyi rw’amadegre 90 canke 180 hafi y’isi kugira ngo uhunga umugozi; guhindukira hasi cane bituma iyo nkoko yisuka hasi ningoga cane ku muvuduko munini uhagaze n’uwuringaniye, ivyo bikaba ari vyo bituma umuntu apfa iyo agurutse mu kirere be n’aho agurutse mu ndege yitwa parapente.
2. Gutera ibintu vyose bishobora gutwara umuyagankuba canke bimanitswe igihe kirekire: Niba uriko urasimbuka n’igiti kirekire c’icuma, igiti c’amafoto, canke umurongo wo kumanuka ugendagenda ku nkweto y’igisirikare/y’imizigo, ushire umurongo ugendagenda kugira ngo ntushire ikiraro ku nsinga n’isi mu gihe ukiri hejuru y’umurongo.
3. Itegure gutera Parachute Landing Fall (PLF) maze uhindukize umutwe wawe kure y’intsinga: Shira ibirenge vyawe n’amavi yawe hamwe, ukwegere ibitugu vyawe bikomeye ku mbavu zawe kugira ngo ukinge amaboko yawe n’igikiriza cawe kugira ngo ntibinyerere ku nzira y’icuma idafise ikintu, kandi urabe 45 degrees stripping facero soat your not a.

2. Ico wokora iyo umanitswe ku mirongo y'amashanyarazi¶

Nimba igipfukisho cawe c’inylon gifata umugozi w’umuriro mwinshi uri hejuru maze kikagusiga umanitse mu kirere (canke inkweto zawe zimanitse hejuru y’ivyatsi):

1. FREEZE COMPLETELY STILL: Igihe cose umubiri wawe n'igisenge cawe bikora umugozi w'inzira imwe gusa kandi wewe utariko urakora hasi, ku giti c'amazi, ku mugozi w'umuhungu, canke ku mugozi w'umuyagankuba wa kabiri, uba uri nk'inyoni ifise inguvu ku nzira y'umuyagankuba ku thousands, biciye mu mutima wawe.
2. NTUKORE ku gikoresho cawe co guca, umugozi wo gucukura, canke ku bikoresho vy'ivyuma:
3. Gukwega umuhondo/umutuku wawe cutaway pad kurekura igipfukisho cawe nyamukuru, kiguterera ugororotse ku nzira y’inzira yo hasi canke hasi mu gihe imirongo y’inyuma y’inzira iguma ipfutse ku nzira y’inzira iri hejuru, ubwo nyene ugatuma haba inzira ngufi y’inzira-ku-inzira canke y’inzira-ku-hasi biciye mu mubiri wawe.
4. Gukwega igikoresho cawe co gufata ivy’ifeza bitera umuriro w’ivyuma vy’umudereva n’umugozi w’icuma kidashobora gusenyuka ku nsinga z’inzira ziri hafi, bikazana uguturika kw’umuriro w’umuriro mwinshi kuzoturira igisenge cawe c’inylon mu gice c’isegonda.
5. Kubera iki imirongo y’ivyuma vy’i nylon, Spectra, Vectran, na Kevlar ISHOBORA gutwara umuyagankuba: Ntukigere wiyumvira ko imirongo yawe y’iparachute canke y’iparapente ari ibintu bizibira umuyagankuba. Mu gihe c’inguvu nyinshi zo gukwiragiza no gutanga (4.800 gushika kuri 500.000 volts), umwanda mutoyi cane, ibara ry’ivyatsi, ivyutsi, ubukonje bwo mu kirere, canke imirongo y’insinga za carbone/aramide imbere mu mirongo y’ubuhinga bwa none ikora cane, ikurikirana umuriro wica ushika ku mirongo mu bihuza vyawe vy’ivyuma we harbbing riser na; reba gukubitwa n'umuyagankuba.
6. Muvugire induru ku bantu bariko barabona n’abafise ubutaka ngo BAGUME MU GIHUGU 30 METERS (100 FEET): Akaga gakomeye ku mudereva w’indege amanitse metero 1 (3 feet) hejuru y’ubutaka munsi y’umurongo w’amashanyarazi ni umuntu afise intumbero nziza canke uwubanza gutabara yiruka aja hejuru agafata inkweto z’umudereva w’indege kugira ngo azihagarike canke azihagarike. Igihe nyene umuntu ahagaze kw’isi akora ku mudereva w’indege ariko arazunguruka, uwo mudereva n’uwumukiza bompi baba ikiraro kiva ku murongo w’amashanyarazi menshi kija hasi maze bagakubitwa n’umuyagankuba hamwe.

Igiti co gutera no kwirinda guhagarika ihungabana¶

1. Uko wokwitegurira gutera ku giti udashobora kwirindwa¶

Nimba uriko uramanuka mw’ishamba canke mu giti c’ibiti ata gahinga gatomoye umuntu ashobora gushikako:

1. Genda mu muyaga werekeza ku gitsibo gikomeye kuruta ibindi vyose c’igiti kizima kandi gifise amagara meza (wirinde ibikoko bipfuye): Niwiyumvire igitsibo co hagati gikomeye kandi gifise amababi menshi c’igiti kizima canke c’ibiti bikomeye aho kuja ku giti gipfuye kidafise ikintu, gishobora kugumanika nk’icumu.
2. Gumana umuvuduko usanzwe w’uguguruka, ntuhagarike ibaba hejuru cane y’ibiti: Gutera kare cane hejuru y’igisenge metero 10 (amafuti 33) bihagarika indege y’indege canke parachute, bigatuma utera mu buryo buhagaze biciye mu mashami n’igisenge c’igisenge.
3. Iyumvire ko igiti kiri mu kibanza co gukingira amasegonda 2 imbere yo kwinjira mu mashami:
4. Gumana ibirenge n’amavi bifatanye cane (ntiwigere ufungura amaguru yawe iyo ugwa mu giti, ivyo bikaba bituma umuntu amanikwa ku mashami ahagaze n’amagufa y’ibibero avunitse).
5. Jabuka amaboko yawe y’imbere cane imbere ya mu maso, amaso, n’umuhogo amaboko yawe afashe amaboko yawe ateye kubiri canke ibitugu bifatanye neza n’imbavu zawe kugira ngo amashami avunitse asongoye ntashobore gutobora izosi ryawe (umutsi w’imbere/umutsi w’imbere) canke mu bibero (umutsi w’inyuma).

2. Kubera iki UTAGOMBA KWIGEZE ufungura canke ukata igihe umanitse ku giti¶

Igihe urugendo rwawe rwo kuja imbere no kumanuka ruhagaze imbere mu giti, kurwanya icipfuzo co "kuduga gusa ukamanuka ku metero 6 za nyuma" bizokurokora ubuzima:

• Ivyiyumviro vy’ugushinga umugozi ukomeye: Hejuru y’umutwe wawe, umugozi wawe mutoyi w’inylon n’imirongo y’ugumanika ntibikunda gukikuzwa n’igiti gikomeye. Ahubwo, iyo mpuzu akenshi ipfukwa gatoyi ku nshinge z’inyuma z’imiberoshi zigoyagoya kandi zishobora guhinduka canke ku mashami y’inyuma afise uburebure bwa sentimetero 1 (0,4-inch), zifatwa gusa n’ugushikama kuringaniye ku mirongo mirongo itanu.
• Kubera iki guca canke gufungura bica: Iyo umuvuduko w’ikirere akuye igikoresho ciwe nyamukuru co guca (yiteze kugwa kw’ishami riri musi yabo), bica bigororoka biciye mu mashami yo hasi ashobora gusenyuka bikaja hasi mw’ishamba. Mu buryo nk’ubwo, iyo umudereva w’indege yitwa parapente akuye imigozi y’amaguru yabo igihe ahagaze ku ishami risa n’irikomeye, iyo nzira yo gukuraho uburemere bukwi na bukwi ituma igipfukisho kiri hejuru gipfuka amashami, canke iryo shami rikagwa munsi y’uburemere bw’inkweto zabo bwibanze, ivyo bikaba bituma umuntu agwa ata mugozi afise.
• Guma ufise inkofero yawe: Amashami y’ibiti bipfuye agwa akuweho n’igiti gitera hejuru, canke igiti co gutera igiti, birashobora gutuma umutwe ugira ububabare bukomeye iyo ukuye inkofero yawe mu gihe urindiriye gutabarwa.

3. Gukingira Ihungabana ryo Guhagarara (Syndrome de Harness Hang)¶

Igihe umudereva w’indege canke uwuguruka mu kirere amanitse ata co akora mu mugozi wo gutera mu kirere (na canecane umugozi wo gutera mu kirere ufise amaguru abiri canke umugozi wo gutera mu kirere ufise uburemere buke ata n’urubaho rwagutse rukomeye rwo kwicarako) amaguru yabo akagenda azunguruka ata co akora mu kirere:

1. Uburyo bwo guhagarara: Imigozi y’amaguru y’igitsina gore ifatanye n’imitsi minini y’igitsina gore iri mu gipfukisho c’igihimba c’irondoka mu gihe amaguru azunguruka aguma ataco akora. Ata gufyonda kw’imitsi y’inyana n’iy’amatako (pompe y’imitsi y’imitsi y’amagufa) gusunika amaraso agasubira hejuru kugira ngo arwanye uburemere bw’isi, gushika kuri 20 gushika kuri 30 kw’ijana vy’amaraso yose agendagenda mu bidengeri imbere mu maguru yawe yo hasi mu minota 10 gushika kuri 20.
2. Syncope vuba n’uguhagarara kw’umutima: Iyo umuntu atagishobora gusubira mu mitsi mu gice c’iburyo c’umutima, umutima ugasohoka cane, bigatuma umuntu agira iseseme, akagira iseseme, akavyuka, akabona mu tunnel, akabura ubwenge (orthostatic shock). Iyo umuntu atagira ubwenge abandanya amanitse ahagaze mu mugozi adashobora kwiruka, mu minota mikeyi birashobora gukurikiraho ukubura umwuka w’umwuka mu bwonko be n’uguhagarara kw’umutima bishobora gutuma umuntu apfa.
3. Uko wokwirinda guhagarara mu gihe urindiriye mu giti:
4. Shika ku giti nyamukuru maze uhagarare ku gice gikomeye (utagifunguye): Ikwegere imbere buhoro buhoro kugira ngo uhobere igiti nyamukuru gihagaze maze ushire ikirenge kimwe canke vyose ku ishami ry’imibumbe ryinshi hafi y’aho igiti gihurira kugira ngo imitsi y’amaguru yawe yikoreshe uburemere bw’umubiri wawe aho kwikorera imigozi y’ibibero.
5. Genda ku makinga kandi upompe amaguru yawe buri masegonda 30: Nimba uriko umanika mu kibanza kigutse munsi y’amashami kandi udashobora gushika aho uhagaze, ukomeze gupfukamira inyana zawe, ukure amavi yawe hejuru werekeza ku gikiriza cawe, hanyuma utere amaguru yawe mu kirere kugira ngo upompe amaraso y’imitsi asubire hejuru mu mutima wawe.
6. Rema uruzitiro rw’ibirenge (improvised Prusik canke reserve bridle stirrup): Niba utwara umurongo w’uruzitiro rwo gukiza igiti, uruzitiro rw’umuvuduko (ku ndege y’umuvuduko), canke ushobora guzingira igice c’uruzitiro rw’ibirenge munsi y’ibirato vyawe, uhagarare muri urwo ruzitiro rimwe na rimwe kugira ngo ushireho umukazo w’umuriro ku giti cawe.
7. Ukwitaho umuntu amaze gukiza umuntu yasimbutse igihe kirekire: Igihe abarokozi b’imfuruka ndende bamaze gumanura umuntu amaze iminota irenga 20 amanitswe ataco akora, bamugumye bariko baramwihweza cane kugira ngo ntibamenye nimba amazi ahinduka, bamukurikirane ibimenyetso bikomeye, kandi bamugumye bashushe kandi batuje; reba guhungabana na gusinzira.

Gutera mu mazi maremare no mu kiyaga (Guguruka mu kirere, guguruka mu mazi, no gutera mu mazi)¶

Icoba ari akaga gakomeye cane k’ugutera mu mazi kw’indege zikoreshwa n’inguvu (PPG) be n’iz’iparashute¶

Gutera mu mazi ni bimwe mu bitera urupfu rwinshi mu mikino y’indege, cane cane ku batwara indege ikoreshwa n’inguvu (paramotor / PPG), bambara moteri y’ibilo 20 gushika kuri 35 (amapawundi 45 gushika kuri 75) y’ibilometero bibiri n’ivyuma vy’indege bifatanye n’inguvu zabo. Iyo umudereva w’indege akubise mu mazi maremare ata n’ibara ry’umubiri ryitwa CO2 flotation collar ku gicapo c’indege kandi adashobora kuva mu nzira y’indege mu masegonda 5, iyo moteri iremereye irabahindukiza amaso hasi mu mazi uko ibaba ry’inylon ry’amazi n’imirongo y’indege y’ibara ry’agahama y’amametero 300 bizunguruka inkweto zabo:

Intambwe ku yindi uburyo bwo kurokoka iyo umuntu aguye mu mazi¶

1. Igihe yari akiri ku metero 100 gushika kuri 300 (amafuti 330 gushika ku 1.000) mu kirere hejuru y’amazi:
2. Ubwo nyene, ushire umwuka mu gikoresho cawe co guterera c’amaboko canke c’umuyagankuba (life vest) canke mu bikoresho vy’uguterera vy’umuyagankuba.
3. Rekura canke ukureho inkweto ziremereye nimba umwanya uvyemerera, ufungure umugozi w’inkofero yawe gusa iyo wambaye inkofero iremereye y’amafoto ishobora gufata imirongo (gume wambaye inkofero z’amazi zisanzwe zo kwikingira iyo wegereye ibitandara/ibirundo), kandi ufungure umugozi wawe wo mu gikiriza wose mu gihe ufata neza amaboko yawe yompi. mu kirere hagati.
4. (Ku paramotor idafise ivyuma biterera: Fungura imigozi ya kabiri yo mu rukenyerero/mu gikiriza mu gihe ugumije imigozi nyamukuru y’ugurekura vuba iteguye munsi y’ibikumu vyawe, ariko NTUZOKWIGEZE usimbuka mu mugozi wawe ukiri hejuru mu kirere, amazi atuma urubanza rw’uburebure hafi rudashoboka; waters abosy me of12. 50 feet uburebure, ariko ni itosi ryica.)
5. Mu gihe nyaco ibirenge vyawe bikora ku mazi:
6. Fata impwemu nyinshi, ukure igikoresho cawe co guca igisenge (gutera mu kirere) canke ukubite amaboko y’umugozi mukuru, ushire umugongo wawe, hanyuma ushire amaboko yawe inyuma mu migozi yo ku rutugu, amaguru yawe na yo akure mu migozi yo mu maguru.
7. Iyo igipfukisho c'inylon gisenyutse hasi hejuru y'umutwe wawe mu mazi:
8. NTUKUBIRE canke ngo utere amaguru yawe nk’inzoka: Gutera amaguru yawe mu mazi nivyo bizingira imirongo y’amaguru y’i Kevlar/Spectra yoroshe ku maguru yawe nk’insenga zo kuroba.
9. Gumana amaguru yawe ahagaze, ushikire hejuru ugororotse n’ukuboko kumwe kugira ngo usunikire umufuko mutoyi w’igitambaro c’inylon gitose hejuru gatoyi y’amazi kugira ngo ukore umufuko w’umuyaga wo guhema, hanyuma ukurikire umurongo umwe w’igitambaro c’inylon ukuboko ku kiganza mu nzira imwe gushika ushitse ku ruhande rw’inyuma rw’impuzu y’ibara ry’agahama n’ibara ry’agahama.

Umuyaga mwinshi ukurura hasi n'ibaba ryasenyutse ry'ubutabazi bwa mbere¶

1. Guhagarika parachute canke parapente iriko irahunga iyo hari umuyaga mwinshi¶

Iyo umuntu aguye mu muyaga urenga ibilometero 35 gushika kuri 55 kw’isaha (ibilometero 22 gushika kuri 35 kw’isaha) canke mu bihe vy’umuyaga mwinshi, parachute canke parapente yuguruye ikora nk’ubwato bukomeye bugenda bugenda hasi, igakwegakwega umuntu atangaye canke yakomeretse ajabuka imirima yerekeza ku bibanza vy’amabuye y’agaciro.

• Nimba uri umusimbuzi uriko urakururwa:
• Kurura igikoresho cawe co gucapura igisenge ubwo nyene (ku gikoresho co gutera mu kirere).
• Iyo cutaway yawe inaniwe canke uriko uragurutsa parapente ata carabine zisohoka ningoga, reka frein imwe uhindure burundu maze ukure umurongo UMWE GUSA w’frein (canke C/D riser imwe y’inyuma) ukuboko ku kuboko gushika mu gikiriza cawe. Gukwega amafirimi yompi mu buryo buringaniye bituma ibaba riguma ripfutse rigororotse rimanuka mu muyaga ku nguvu nyinshi zo gukurura; gukurura uruhande rumwe gusa bitera ibendera ry’igisenge hanze nk’igitambaro gisanzwe mu muyaga maze bica bica inguvu zaryo zo gukwega ubwo nyene.
• Nimba uri umuntu abona ibintu ariko aragerageza guhagarika igisenge gikwega umusimbuzi ataco azi:
• NTUKIGEZE ufata imirongo y’ugumanika canke ngo wibire ku mubiri w’uwusimbuka mu gihe igisenge c’ibara ry’agahama gipfutse. Ahubwo, wiruke uja ku ruhande rw’umuyaga rwo hasi rw’igisenge c’ibara ry’agahama ubwaco**, ufate uruhande rwo hejuru (izuru) rw’ibaba ry’ibara ry’agahama, maze urugende hejuru y’umuyaga ku butaka.

2. Imfashanyo ya mbere ku gutera bikomeye no ku ngaruka z'ibara ry'agahama¶

Iyo indege iguruka mu kirere ishikiwe n’ikibazo c’ugusenyuka kw’ibirenge, amaguru, igihimba c’irondoka n’umugongo:

1. Gukomeza guhagarara neza umugongo w’intanga n’uw’igifu: Ntufashe umudereva w’indege yaguye guhaguruka canke kugenda aja ku modoka. Gutera hejuru cane mu bikoresho vy’indege bicaye bitera uguturika canke gukomera kw’imitsi y’umugongo T12, L1, na L2 ataco bimaze ku nzira y’igihimba c’umubiri; guhaguruka birashobora gutuma ibice vy’amagufa bishika mu mutsi w’umugongo, bigatuma umuntu agira ubumuga budahera; Raba ibikomere vyo mu mugongo.
2. Siga inkofero y’indege yuzuye mu maso canke yuguruye ON nimba umudereva ariko arahumeka neza: Gukuraho inkofero y’indege ipfutse neza bitera umugongo w’intanga; gusa n’ukureho iyo nkofero iyo umudereva ata co azi, adahema canke ariko araruha kandi udashobora gukuraho inzira y’impwemu yabo ufise iyo nkofero.
3. Suzuma ko ata mivune y’igihimba c’irondoka idashikamye n’imivuno y’igihimba c’irondoka: Rondera ko amaguru agutse, ikirenge kizunguruka hanze, canke ububabare bukomeye bw’igihimba c’irondoka; kuguma amaguru aringaniye neza ata gukandagira imbere ku magufa y’itako, kugenzura amaraso yose ashobora kuva mu bihimba vy’umubiri bivunitse hakoreshejwe ivyuma bitagiramwo ubumara, no kuguma umudereva w’indege yikingira ubukonje bwo hasi mu gihe arindiriye ko indege itwara abantu canke imodoka itwara abarwayi imujana; reba amagufa avunitse n'ibikomere.

Ivyuma vyo gutabara hanze y'ikibuga n'urutonde rw'ukwitegurira umudereva¶

Imbere y’uko utera indege iguruka mu kirere, indege iguruka mu kirere hafi y’ishyamba, amazi canke amabarabara y’ibikorwa vyo mu misozi, nusuzume neza ko utwara kandi ugasuzuma ibi bikoresho bitanu vyo kurokoka:

• Imbugita y’indege ipfutse ipfutse ku mugozi w’igikiriza canke imbere y’indege: Twara imbugita ityaye, ifise amababa abiri imbugita y’indege ipfutse (ifise icuma co kubaga gishobora gusubirwamwo gishizwe imbere mu gitereko c’aluminium canke c’ipulasitike gikomeye cane kugira ngo kidashobora gukuraho ukuboko kwawe) gumanikwa munsi y’umuzigo kugira ngo uce imirongo y’ugumanika ipfutse mu gihe c’ugutera amazi canke ugukururwa n’umuyaga mwinshi.
• Igikoresho co gutabara igiti kiri mu mufuko w’umugozi w’indege iguruka: Utware umugozi w’uburebure bwa metero 15 gushika kuri 25 (amafuti 50 gushika kuri 80) w’umurongo w’uburebure bwa aramide/Dyneema ukomeye cane w’imilimetero 3 (kugira ngo abarokozi batere hasi kugira ngo bashobore gukurura rope idahinduka a**-5). umugozi w’urusenga n’ibikoresho bibiri bifunga** kugira ngo ushire umugozi wawe ku giti igihe nyene ushitse mu gipfukisho.
• Igikoresho co guterera amazi ku ndege zose zigenda hejuru y’amazi canke zikoreshwa n’indege: Ntukigere ugurutsa indege iremereye y’umugongo mu kiyaga, uruzi canke inkengera y’ikiyaga ata gikoresho co guterera CO2 gikoreshwa n’amazi gishizwe ku gicapo c’indege n’impuzu y’umuntu ku giti ciwe yo guterera.
• Igikoresho co guhanahana amakuru ca SOS gikoreshwa n’inyenyeri, ifirimbi, n’iradiyo y’indege/abanyabwenge y’amametero 2: Amatelefone ngendanwa akenshi aramenagurika iyo akubise canke akagwa mu mifuko mu gihe igiti gitera; n’ushire ijwi ry’ugutabara ry’agaciro kanini n’ikimenyetso ca SOS (nk’ica Garmin inReach canke PLB) ku rutugu rw’umugozi wawe.
• Imbere y’ugusimbuka / imbere y’ugutera intambamyi muri make ku kibanza cose co kugwamwo: Imbere yo kwinjira mu ndege canke gutera ibaba ryawe, menya neza aho umuyaga uja, ahantu ha mbere hatomoye ho kugwa, iyo imirongo y’amashanyarazi yo hejuru yose ija (rondere amapoto y’amashanyarazi n’ibikoresho vy’amashanyarazi biva ku nzira y’indege. metero hejuru), n’ibibanza vyawe vy’ugutabara abantu vyategekanijwe imbere y’igihe.

Ibibazo bikunda kubazwa¶

Ni kubera iki rimwe na rimwe abaguruka mu kirere be n’abatwara indege zitwa parapente barokoka iyo baguye ku giti ata co babaye, bagapfa haciye iminota mikeyi?¶

Hafi y’ugugwa kwose kwica umuntu amaze kugwa neza ku giti bishika kubera ko umudereva canke uwuguruka mu kirere asuzugura ukuntu igisenge ciwe gifatanye hejuru yiwe maze agaca akoresha igikoresho co kurekura igisenge ciwe canke agafungura imigozi y’amaguru yiwe kugira ngo aduge amanuke ku giti. Iyo parachute canke parapente y’inylon iteye mu gipfukisho c’igiti, akenshi ifatwa gusa n’ugushikana ku mashami y’inyuma amajana n’amajana asongoye kandi ashobora gusenyuka aho gufatwa n’ishami ryinshi ry’igiti. Igihe nyene umudereva w’indege ahindura uburemere bwavyo, agaca igisenge nyamukuru canke akafungura umugozi wabo kugira ngo atere ku ishami, iryo shami riraca canke igisenge kigaca kinyerera, kigatuma uwo mudereva atagira umugozi atera hasi ku metero 15 canke 30. Imisi yose nugume wambaye inkofero yawe kandi umugozi wawe ukaba uboshe neza, wishire ku giti kinini ukoresheje umugozi w’urusenga, maze urindire abakozi b’abahinga bo gutabara abantu bakoresheje umugozi.

Nimba uwuguruka mu kirere canke umuvuduko w’indege amanitse ku mirongo y’amashanyarazi ibirenge vyiwe biri ku metero 1 gusa uvuye hasi, ni kuki abarorereye badakwiye gufata amaguru yiwe kugira ngo bamufashe kumanuka?¶

Mu gihe igikoresho co gusimbuka kiriko kiramanikwa mu kirere ku murongo w’amashanyarazi w’inguvu nyinshi kiri hejuru ataco gikoze hasi canke ku giti c’amashanyarazi, umubiri waco wose n’umugozi waco vyose bifise inguvu z’amavolte ibihumbi, nka kurya kw’inyoni yicaye ku nzira y’amashanyarazi. Kubera ko ata nzira ija hasi, nta muyagankuba uraca muri bo. Ariko rero, igihe nyene umurokozi ahagaze kw’isi ashika hejuru agakora ku nkweto z’uwo musimbuka, ku nkweto z’uwo musimbuka canke ku mirongo y’ivyo bikoresho bimanitse, umubiri w’uwo murokozi uraheza guca ku nzira y’umuyagankuba uva ku nsinga y’umuriro mwinshi uca muri abo bantu bompi ukaja kw’isi, ugatuma uwo musimbuka n’uwo musimbuka n’uwusimbuka bifatwa n’umuyagankuba bimwe bikomeye. Umuntu wese ari hasi ategerezwa kuguma nibura metero 15 gushika kuri 30 (amafuti 50 gushika kuri 100) inyuma gushika ishirahamwe ry’amashanyarazi ryemeje ko umurongo wazimye kandi ushizwe hasi.

Igikomere co guhagarikwa (syndrome de harnais hang) ni iki, kandi wovyirinda gute mu gihe uhagaze ku giti?¶

Ihungabana ry’uguhagarara (ryitwa kandi orthostatic intolerance canke harness hang syndrome) rishika iyo umuntu amanitse ataco akora, ahagaze neza mu gipfukisho, amaguru yiwe akazunguruka ataco akora mu minota irenga 15 canke 30. Ivyo bipfukisho vy’amaguru bifatanye bifatanya imitsi minini y’igitsina gore iri mu rubavu mu gihe ububasha bw’isi bukwegera amaraso hasi mu maguru atagendagenda. Iyo imitsi y’amaguru idakora neza mu kugenda kugira ngo amaraso asubire hejuru mu mutima, amaraso ashika kuri kimwe ca kane c’umubiri arafatwa mu maguru, bigatuma ubwonko n’umutima bipfa inzara y’umwuka w’ikirere, bigatuma umuntu agira ububabare bukwi na bukwi, umutima ugahagarara. Kugira ngo wirinde guhagarara mu gihe urindiriye gutabara igiti, wikwegere iruhande y’igiti nyamukuru kugira ngo ushobore guhagarara kw’ishami rikomeye, canke ukomeze ugende ku makinga kandi ukomeze gupfuka amaguru yawe buri masegonda 30 kugira ngo ushire amaraso hejuru mu mubiri wawe.

Ni kubera iki utokwigera ukata parachute yawe canke ngo ufungure umugozi wawe imbere y’uko ibirenge vyawe bikora vy’ukuri ku mazi igihe uriko uragwa mu mazi?¶

Hejuru y’amazi atuje canke ameze nk’ibirahuri, ukuntu umuntu abona uburebure bw’ikiyaga birazwi ko ata co bimaze, umuntu asimbuka yizera ko ari hejuru y’uburebure bwa metero 1,5 gusa, kenshi aba akiri hejuru mu kirere metero 12 gushika kuri 20. Guca parachute yawe nyamukuru canke gusenyuka hanze y’umugozi wawe utagira umugozi ku metero 15 bituma umuvuduko munini ugwa ku mazi ushobora guca umugongo, guca ingingo z’imbere, canke ukagutera ugacika intege ku buryo uhita urohama. Imisi yose fungura umukanda wawe wo mu gikiriza ukiri mu kirere kugira ngo witegure, ugume ufashe amaboko yawe ku biduga, kandi urindire gushika wumvise inkweto zawe zica mu mazi ku mubiri imbere y’uko urekura umugozi wo gucapura canke wo gupfuka.

Iyi nkuru itanga uburyo bwo kurokoka vyihutirwa n’ubufasha bwa mbere mu mpanuka zigwa mu ndege zitwa parachute na parapente kandi ntizisubirira amabwirizwa y’indege yemejwe ava kuri USPA, USHPA, BHPA, canke amashirahamwe y’indege y’igihugu afise ubufatanye na FAI. Niwiyumvire gufata inyigisho y’ubutabazi bwa mbere n’ugutera umutima mu bugaragwa (CPR) ivuye ku musaraba utukura, St John Ambulance, canke umuganga yemewe wo hanze.

Inyobora zifitaniye isano¶

• Imirongo y'amashanyarazi yacitse n'umuyagankuba w'imodoka
• Umuyagankuba n'ugukubitwa n'umuyagankuba ubufasha bwa mbere
• Ibikomere vyo mu mugongo: guhagarara no kwitaho
• Ubutabazi bwa mbere bwo kurohama no gukiza amazi
• Amagufa avunitse, avunitse, n’ibikomere
• Kubura hanze no kurokoka mu bugaragwa

Amasoko yasuzumwe¶

• Ishirahamwe ry’abaguruka mu kirere ryo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika (USPA, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika): Igitabo c’amakuru y’abaguruka mu kirere (SIM Igice ca 5-1: Ivyihutirwa vyo kuguruka mu kirere, Gutera ku biti, Gutera ku murongo w’amashanyarazi, no Gutera ku mazi)
• Ishirahamwe ry’Amerika ry’Ivy’Indege n’Ivy’Indege (USHPA) n’Ishirahamwe ry’Ubwongereza ry’Ivy’Indege n’Ivy’Indege (BHPA, Ubwongereza): Igitabo c’Ivyigwa vy’Indege y’Ivyihutirwa vyo Gutera Ibiti, Imirongo y’Amashanyarazi, n’Ukwibika mu Mazi
• Ishirahamwe ry’ubuzima n’umutekano (HSE, Ubwongereza) n’ishirahamwe ry’ubuvuzi ryo mu bugaragwa (WMS): Isubiramwo rishingiye ku bimenyamenya ry’uguhagarika umugozi (Orthostatic Shock) n’ugucungera gutabara
• Ishirahamwe ry’Igihugu ry’Ugukingira Umuriro (NFPA, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika): NFPA 1006 Itegeko ry’Ubuhinga bwo Gutabara (Ugutabara Imigozi no Gukura Ibiti)
• Ishirahamwe ry’indege ry’igihugu (FAA, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika): Igitabu c’indege zikoresha parachute n’uburemere bw’indege be n’igitabu c’indege zikoresha parachute