Urubyiruko rutagira aho ruri n'uburaro bwiza bw'abakiri bato n'abakuze batagira uwubaherekeza¶

Gukurwa mu nzu yawe ku nguvu, guhunga ubukazi bwo mu rugo canke amakimbirane akomeye yo mu rugo, canke gusaza kubera abavyeyi bawe ata hantu uryama, ni ikintu gikomeye cane co gukingira ubuzima. Abana batoyi (bari munsi y’imyaka 18) n’abakiri bato (bari munsi y’imyaka 18) batagira uwubajana, baryamye mu nzira, mu bibanza vy’abantu bagendamwo canke mu modoka, baca bashikirwa n’abacuruza abantu, ubukazi bwo ku mubiri, ibihe bikomeye cane be n’ugutakaza amashure.

Nimba uri umuyabaga canke umusore akuze ata kibanza ciza co kuryamamwo muri iri joro, ntubwirizwa kuryama hanze kandi ntubwirizwa kwinjira mu nzu y’abantu bakuze batagira aho baba. Igihugu cose gikomeye gitanga amahera, uburaro bw’urubyiruko gusa, ibibanza vyo gushikako, n’imirongo y’ingorane vyihariye ku myaka 12 gushika kuri 24. Hakurikijwe itegeko rya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika (Itegeko ry’Ugufasha Abatagira Amazu rya McKinney-Vento) n’amategeko agereranywa y’uburezi bw’urubyiruko ku buntu kw’isi yose, urafise kandi uburenganzira bwo kwiga ku buntu kw’ishure ryawe gutwara abantu muri bisi n’ivyo kurya ku buntu, kandi bagasaba imfashanyo y’amahera yo muri kaminuza yigenga ata mukono w’umuvyeyi.

Kumenya ingene wokoresha Ikibanza gitekanye mu minota mikeyi 30, ingene amazu y’uburaro y’urubyiruko afata amategeko agenga imenyekanisha ry’abavyeyi n’ibanga, ingene womenya ibikwegakwega vy’ugucuruza abantu mu masaha 48 ya mbere mu nzira, n’ingene wokwikingira ubuzima bwawe bwite n’inyungu z’ibifungurwa bituma uguma utekanye muri kazoza kawe kandi uri mu bubasha bwawe.

Ivyo ubikore ubu¶

1. Hamagara canke wandike ubutumwa ku murongo w'ibanga w'urubyiruko 24/7 ubu nyene:
2. Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika: Hamagara canke wandike ubutumwa 1-800-786-2929 (1-800-ABAHUNZE / Umurongo w’Igihugu w’Abahunze), canke wandike ijambo SAFE n'aho uba ubu, igisagara, n'intara kuri 44357 (4HELP) kugira uronke ahantu hafi cane h’Ikibanza c’Umutekano n’ugutwara ku buntu uja ku kibanza c’urubyiruko mu minota mikeyi.
3. Kanada: Hamagara 1-800-668-6868 canke umwandiko 686868 (Telefone y’Ifashanyo y’Abana, 24/7), canke uhamagare 211.
4. Ubwongereza: Hamagara canke wandike ubutumwa 116 000 (Umurongo wo gufasha abahunze, ku buntu 24/7), hamagara 0800 1111 (Umurongo w'abana bari munsi y'imyaka 19), canke hamagara 0808 800 4444 (Umurongo w’imfashanyo wa Centrepoint ku myaka 16 gushika kuri 25).
5. Ubumwe bw'Uburayi: Hamagara 116 000 (Umurongo w'abana babuze n'abahunze) canke 116 111 (Umurongo wo gufasha abana) ku buntu kuri telefone ngendanwa iyo ari yo yose.
6. Ostraliya: Hamagara 1800 55 1800 (Kids Helpline ku myaka 5 gushika kuri 25, ku buntu 24/7) canke hamagara umurongo w’urubyiruko rw’abatagira aho baba mu ntara yawe.
7. Nimba uri mu kaga k’umubiri ubwo nyene kavuye ku muntu akugirira nabi canke agurisha abantu aho hose kw’isi, hamagara inomero y’ivyihutirwa yo mu karere kawe (911 muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika na Kanada, 112 mu Bumwe bw’Uburayi bwose, 999 mu Bwongereza, canke 000 muri Ostraliya) canke urabe kuri nomero yacu . inomero z'ivyihutirwa ububiko.
8. Genda mu kibanza cose c'ikimenyetso c'umuhondo n'umwirabura "Ikibanza gitekanye" (ikibanza c'abazimya umuriro, ububiko bw'ibitabu, bisi y'abagenzi, canke iduka ry'abafatanyabikorwa): Rondera ikimenyetso c'umuhondo w'amadayimoni Ikibanza gitekanye ku kibanza cose c'abazimya umuriro, ububiko bw'ibitabu bwa bose, bisi y'abagendera mu gisagara, YMCA, canke iduka ry'ibifungurwa ry'abafatanyabikorwa. Genda ku mukozi uwo ari we wese canke umuzimyamuriro umubwire uti: "Ndakeneye Ikibanza Gitekanye." Bazoguzana mu kibanza c'abantu b'ibanga, bahamagare umukozi w'uburaro bw'urubyiruko afise uruhusha kugira ngo agutore mu minota 20 gushika kuri 30.
9. Ntukigere wemera gutwara, icumba ca hoteli, amahera, canke intebe y’umuntu utazi ku kibanza ca bisi canke kuri Internet: Abanyamaswa n’abacuruza abantu baracungera n’umwete ibibanza vya bisi, ibibanza vy’amagariyamoshi, amaresitora y’ibifungurwa vyihuta, n’amaporogarama yo ku mbuga ngurukanabumenyi barondera abana b’imiyabaga bitwaje imifuko. Ntukigere winjira mu modoka y’umuntu utazi canke ngo uje mu nzu utazi kugira ngo ubone aho uryama.
10. Bihishe ku mubiri wawe indangamuntu yawe, icete c’amavuko, telefone, n’ivyo ukoresha mu gushaja: Shira indangamuntu yawe ya leta, ikarata y’ishure, icemeza ko uvutse, ikarita y’ubwishingizi, imiti, n’ivyo ukoresha mu gushaja telefone mu mufuko w’imbere w’ikoti canke mu mufuko w’impuzu zifise zip wambaye munsi y’impuzu zawe kugira ngo ntibibe vyibwe mu gihe uriko uraruhuka.
11. Genda kw'ishure ejo usabe kuvugana mu mwiherero na "McKinney-Vento Liaison" wawe: Naho woba utagira aderesi kandi ata muvyeyi uri kumwe, genda mu nyubakwa y'ishure ryawe mu gitondo. Igisagara cose c’ishure rya Leta muri Amerika gisabwa n’itegeko rya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika kugira McKinney-Vento Homeless Liaison ashobora guca aguha ku buntu ivyo kurya vyo mu gitondo n’ivyo ku mutaga, amatike y’ibisi, ibikoresho vy’isuku, impuzu, igikapu co gushiramwo imifuko yawe, n’aho worungika mu nzu y’urubyiruko ata guhana umukono kubera ko wakoze nabi.
12. Hitamwo uburaro bw’urubyiruko gusa (imyaka 12 gushika kuri 17 canke 18 gushika kuri 24), ntukigere ubona uburaro bw’abantu bakuze muri rusangi: Igihe uhamagara 211 canke ku murongo w’ingorane, vuga imyaka yawe nyayo kugira ngo baguyobore ku Uburaro bw’urubyiruko rwahunze n’abatagira aho baba (RHY) bwihariye abantu bo mu myaka yawe.

Ingingo y'uburaro butekanye ihita igenda hakurikijwe imyaka¶

Kurikiza iyi nzira y’intambwe ku yindi kugira ngo ushikire ahantu heza hagenzuwe, habereye imyaka yawe muri iri joro ataco wishize ku bikoko bigufata mu mabarabara.

flowchart TD
    Youth["Umuyabaga canke Umusore Akuze Atagira Inzu Itekanye Iryo Joro"] --> Danger{"Woba Uriko Urakurikirwa, Uraterwa Canke Urafatwa Ku Bushake Bwawe Ubu nyene?"}
    Danger -->|Yes: Immediate Danger| Call911["Hamagara 911 / 112 / 999 Ubwo nyene canke wiruke imbere mu kibanza c'abazimya umuriro kiri hafi, mu bitaro ER, canke mu kibanza ca polisi"]
    Danger -->|No Immediate Violence| AgeSplit{"Imyaka Ufise Ubu Ni Ingahe?"}
    AgeSplit -->|Under Age 18 (Unaccompanied Minor)| MinorPath["Ihitamwo A: Wandike 'SAFE' + Aderesi kuri 44357 canke hamagara kuri 1-800-786-2929 (Amerika) / 116 000 (Ubwongereza/Ubumwe bw'Uburayi) / 1-800-668-6868 (CA)"]
    MinorPath --> SafePlace["Ihitamwo B: Niwinjire mu kibanza cose c’abazimya umuriro, mu bubiko bw’ibitabu, muri bisi y’igisagara canke mu iduka rifise ikimenyetso c’umuhondo kivuga ngo ‘Ikibanza gitekanye’"]
    SafePlace --> RHY["Umukozi w’Ikigo c’Urubyiruko Aragutora mu Kigo c’Ishingiro c’Urubyiruko (Imyaka 12 gushika ku myaka 17): Igitanda Gitekanye, Ivyokurya Bishushe, n’Umukozi w’Ibanga"]
    AgeSplit -->|Ages 18 to 24 (Transition-Age Youth)| TAYPath["Hamagara kuri 1-800-786-2929 canke 211 maze usabe 'Ikigo c'urubyiruko gusa canke ikigo c'abashitsi ca TAY (imyaka 18 gushika kuri 24)'."]
    TAYPath --> TAYOptions["Ushobora gushika ku Buhungiro bw'Abakiri bato, Porogarama y'Ubuzima bw'Impinduka (TLP), Inzu y'Itsinda ry'Abavyeyi, canke Inzu y'Abashitsi"]
    RHY --> SchoolNext["Mu gitondo gikurikira: Hura n’Ishirahamwe ry’Ishure rya McKinney-Vento maze Usabe Imfashanyo y’Ivyigenga ya SNAP/Medicaid n’Ivy’Imari"]
    TAYOptions --> SchoolNext

How "Safe Place" and youth emergency shelters actually work¶

Many teenagers stay on the street in freezing or dangerous conditions because they are terrified that walking into a youth shelter means they will immediately be handcuffed by police, locked inside a juvenile detention cell, or forced back into the hands of an abusive parent within an hour. Understanding the real laws governing Runaway and Homeless Youth (RHY) programs removes that fear.

1. How the National Safe Place network works (United States)¶

Safe Place (nationalsafeplace.org) is a nationwide network of over 20,000 community locations marked with a bright yellow-and-black diamond sign reading SAFE PLACE:

• Where to find them: Nearly all municipal Fire Stations, Public Libraries, City Transit Buses, YMCAs, and thousands of partner pharmacies, convenience stores (such as QuikTrip), and restaurants.
• How to use Txt 4 HELP: Text the word SAFE and your current location (street address, city, state, or zip code) to 44357. Within seconds, you will receive an automated text with the exact address and phone number of the closest Safe Place site and local youth shelter, with an option to text 2CHAT to message live one-on-one with a trained counselor.
• What happens when you walk in: You do not have to explain your life story to a store cashier or bus driver. Simply say, "I need help, I am here for Safe Place." The staff member will let you sit in a safe, private break room or firehouse lounge, offer you water, and call the local licensed youth shelter. A vetted youth counselor (not a police car, in standard Safe Place pickups) will drive to the site within 20 to 30 minutes to bring you to the youth shelter.

2. What happens when an under-18 minor enters a youth shelter? (The 72-Hour Rule)¶

In the United States, federally funded Basic Center Program (BCP) youth shelters serve unaccompanied minors ages 12 to 17. Here is what the law actually requires when you walk through the door:

• You are NOT arrested: Being homeless or kicked out of your house ("throwaway / locked-out youth") is not a crime, and youth shelters are unlocked, trauma-informed living facilities with beds, showers, hot meals, laundry, and counselors, not jails.
• The 24-to-72-hour parental notification rule AND the Abuse Exception: Under federal Runaway and Homeless Youth Act regulations (and state shelter licensing laws), youth shelters generally have 24 to 72 hours to contact a minor's parent, legal guardian, or state child welfare agency to let them know the teen is safe indoors.
• CRITICAL EXCEPTION IF YOU ARE FLEEING ABUSE: Tell the shelter intake counselor the truth during your private check-in if you left home because a parent, stepparent, or guardian was physically hitting you, sexually abusing you, trafficking you, starving you, or kicking you out because of your LGBTQ+ identity. When you report abuse or severe endangerment at home, the youth shelter will NOT hand you back to your abuser; instead, they keep your exact room location confidential, file a protective report with Child Protective Services (CPS) or a youth advocate, and arrange safe emergency foster placement, kinship care with a safe relative, or transitional youth housing.

3. Different types of youth-specific housing (Ages 12 to 24)¶

Defending against human traffickers and street predators (The First 48 Hours)¶

National studies show that nearly 1 in 3 unaccompanied runaway or homeless youth are approached by a human trafficker or exploiter within 48 hours of leaving home. Traffickers know that a cold, hungry, exhausted teenager sitting at a bus station, train depot, 24-hour diner, or shopping mall with a stuffed backpack is vulnerable.

• 24/7 Human Trafficking Emergency Rescue Line: In the United States, call 1-888-373-7888, text INFO canke HELP to 233733 (BEFREE), or chat at humantraffickinghotline.org. In Canada, call 1-833-900-1010. In the United Kingdom, call 08000 121 700 (Modern Slavery Helpline).

Urubyiruko rw'aba LGBTQ+ rudafise aho ruba: rwemeza ubuhungiro¶

LGBTQ+ teenagers and young adults make up roughly 28 to 40 percent of all unhoused youth, most often after being kicked out or abused when coming out to family members. If you are an LGBTQ+ young person, you have the right to safe, affirming shelter where your gender identity and pronouns are respected:

• Umugambi wa Trevor (24/7 Ugufasha urubyiruko rw'aba LGBTQ+, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika): Hamagara 1-866-488-7386 canke umwandiko START to 678-678 (free, 100 percent confidential, 24/7). Counselors provide immediate crisis support and can connect you with LGBTQ+-affirming youth shelters and drop-in centers (such as Ali Forney Center, Los Angeles LGBT Center Youth Center, Ruth Ellis Center, or local True Colors United partners).
• LGBT National Youth Talkline (Up to Age 25): Call 1-800-246-7743.
• Trans Lifeline: Call 1-877-565-8860 (United States) or 1-877-330-6366 (Canada).
• akt (formerly The Albert Kennedy Trust, United Kingdom): Supports LGBTQ+ young people aged 16 to 25 facing homelessness across the UK (akt.org.uk).
• HUD Equal Access Rule (United States): Under federal Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) regulations, every shelter and housing program that receives federal HUD funding is legally prohibited from discriminating based on sexual orientation or gender identity and must place transgender and non-binary youth in accordance with their self-identified gender (without demanding medical documentation or invasive physical exams).

Your school and college rights: The McKinney-Vento Act and FAFSA¶

If you are unhoused, couch-surfing at a friend's house, sleeping in a car, or staying in a shelter or motel, your school is your safest daytime anchor. You do not need a permanent address or a parent with you to go to school.

1. K-12 Public School Rights under the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act (US)¶

Under the federal McKinney-Vento Act (42 U.S.C. § 11431 et seq.), an "unaccompanied homeless youth" includes any student who is not in the physical custody of a parent or legal guardian and who lacks a fixed, regular, and adequate nighttime residence (including couch-surfing / "doubled-up" on a friend's or relative's floor, sleeping in a shelter, motel, car, or campground).

Walk into the main office or guidance counselor's office of your school and ask to speak privately with your district's McKinney-Vento Homeless Liaison. By federal law, the liaison must guarantee you these six immediate rights:

2. Going to college without parent tax info (FAFSA Dependency Override)¶

Normally, students under age 24 applying for college financial aid in the United States on the FAFSA (Free Application for Federal Student Aid) are required to provide their parents' tax returns. However, if you are an unaccompanied youth who is homeless or at risk of homelessness and self-supporting, you are legally classified as an Independent Student on the FAFSA.

• How it works: Check "Yes" to the unaccompanied homeless youth question on the FAFSA form. Your high school McKinney-Vento Liaison, your Runaway and Homeless Youth shelter director, or your college financial aid administrator can sign a simple verification letter confirming your status.
• What you receive: You do not need a single signature or tax document from your parents, you qualify for the maximum Federal Pell Grant and state aid grants based solely on your own zero/low income, and you receive priority access to year-round on-campus dormitory housing (including over Thanksgiving, winter, and summer breaks) and campus food pantries.

Can minors get medical care, birth control, or food stamps without parents?¶

A major worry for 15-to-17-year-olds on their own is how to see a doctor, get a prescription refilled, or buy groceries without a parent present.

Gusubira muhira ata nkomanzi: Amatike ya bisi ku buntu ("Home Free") n'ubuhuza¶

Iyo wahunze inyuma y’ugutongana canke ukaba wacitse intege mu kindi gisagara maze ugafata ingingo yo gusubira mu muryango wawe (canke mu ncuti yawe itekanye, yemewe nka sekuru, sekuru canke umuvukanyi mukuru), ntubwirizwa gufata imodoka canke gusaba amafaranga y’urugendo rwa bisi.

• Porogarama ya "Inzu y'Ubuntu" (Igihugu c'Igihugu c'Uguhunga + Imbwa y'Ikinyamasyo): Hamagara 1-800-RUNAWAY (1-800-786-2929). Biciye mu bufatanye bumaze igihe kirekire na Greyhound Lines, National Runaway Safeline itanga 100% ku buntu gutwara bisi muhira (canke mu nzu y’uburaro canke uburaro bw’urubyiruko bufise umutekano) ku rubyiruko rwahunze n’urw’imyaka 12 gushika kuri 21 muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.
• Uko bikurinda: Imbere yo gutanga itike y’ubuntu, umujanama w’ingorane aravugana nawe mu mwiherero kugira ngo amenye neza ko mu vy’ukuri ushaka kujayo kandi ko urugo rutekanye ku bijanye n’uguhohoterwa, akora ubutumwa bwo guhuza abantu mu buryo butatu n’umuvyeyi wawe canke uwukurera kugira ngo umuntu wese agume atuje iyo ashitse itike y’ubuntu canke, kugira ngo ugende nawe nimba ufise imyaka 12 gushika kuri 14.

Ububiko bw'isi yose bw'urubyiruko rutagira aho ruba 24/7 n'imirongo y'ubuzima bw'ingorane¶

Ibibazo bikunda kubazwa¶

Amasoko yasuzumwe¶

• Ibiro vy’Ibikorwa vy’Umuryango n’Urubyiruko (FYSB), Ubuyobozi bw’Abana n’Imiryango, Igisata c’Ubuzima n’Ibikorwa vy’Abantu (HHS, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika): Itegeko ry’Urubyiruko rwahunze n’urutagira aho ruraba (RHYA, 34 U.S.C. § 11201 et seq.) ingingo ngenderwako z’Ibikorwa vy’Imigwi y’Imibano, Porogarama z’Imigwi y’Imibano, Porogarama z’Imigwi y’Imibano, Porogarama z’Imigwi y’Imibano, Porogarama zo gushikira abantu.
• Igisata c’uburezi (ED, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika) n’Ihuza ry’Ishure: Itegeko ry’Ugufasha Abatagira aho baba rya McKinney-Vento (Igice ca VII-B, 42 U.S.C. § 11431 n’ibindi) ubuyobozi bushingiye ku mategeko ku bijanye n’ukwiyandikisha kw’urubyiruko rudafise aho baba rudaherekejwe, Ishure rya FAFri Itegeko ryo kworohereza abantu.
• Igihugu c'Umurongo w'Abahunga (NRS) n'Igihugu c'Ibibanza vy'Umutekano (Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika): Amategeko yo gufasha mu bibazo, Txt 4 HELP (44357) ingingo ngenderwako z’ibikorwa, n’ingingo ngenderwako z’ugusubirana kw’imiryango mu rugo ku buntu.
• Igisata c’Uburimyi (USDA, Food and Nutrition Service, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika): Amakete y’ingingo ngenderwako y’uburenganzira bwa SNAP yemeza ko urubyiruko rudafise aho ruri rushobora guhabwa inyungu z’ibifungurwa vyihuta kandi ko ata n’aho ruri rushobora guhabwa.
• Umugambi wa Polaris n’umurongo w’igihugu wo gucuruza abantu (Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika): Ubwoko bw’ugutora abakozi n’ugucuruza abantu mu vy’igitsina bishingiye ku rubyiruko rwahunze n’urudafise aho ruba mu masaha 48 ya mbere rwo gushikirwa n’abantu mu nzira.
• Igisata c’uburezi na Minisiteri y’uburaro, imiryango n’ubutegetsi bw’intara (Ubwongereza): Gukingira ubukene n’ugutanga uburaro ku rubyiruko rw’imyaka 16 na 17 rushobora kuba rudafise aho ruba kandi/canke rusaba uburaro (Itegeko ry’uburaro ry’abana A9911. ubuyobozi).
• Ikigo ca Canada kijejwe ivy’abatagira aho baba / Inzira yo gusubira muhira Canada n’Ikigo ca Australiya c’ubuzima n’imibereho myiza (AIHW, Australia): Inzego z’ugufata urubyiruko rw’abahinga mu vy’abatagira aho baba (SHS) n’inyigisho z’ukwemera ubuvuzi bw’abana bato / Gillick Competence.

Inyobora zifitaniye isano¶

• Kurokoka ata nzu n'ugutoranya ibihe bikomeye
• Uwo mu muryango yabuze
• Gucuruza abantu
• Ubugizi bwa nabi bwo mu rugo