Hardware RAID Controller yananiwe: Kwinjiza mu mahanga Configs ata gukuraho ama Drive yawe¶

Igihe ikarita y'umugenzuzi wa RAID y'ibikoresho vy'umukozi w'ikigo, nka Dell PowerEdge PERC (H730P, H740P, H755, H840), Igishushanyo c'ubwenge ca HPE (P408i-a, P440ar, E208i, MR416i), canke Ikinyamakuru cagutse / LSI / Avago MegaRAID (SAS 9361-8i, 9460-16i, 9560-16i), igira urupfu rw’urubaho rwa PCIe, BBU/CacheVault supercapacitor irabura, canke umuriro w’inyuma ugabanuka bukwi na bukwi, maze ugashiramwo ikarita ya RAID yo gusubirira gusa kugira ngo ubone ubuhinga bwa BIOS imbere y’ugutangura buhagarara n’ikimenyetso giteye ubwoba "Foreign configuration(s) found on adapter. Press any key to continue or 'C' to load the configuration utility", gutera urufunguzo rumwe nabi birashobora gusenyura terabytes z’amakuru y’ibikorwa n’amamashini y’ivy’impwemu mu masegonda makeyi. Mu nyubakwa za RAID, ubuhinga bw'imirongo (urugero rwa RAID, urutonde rw'umuduga, 64 KB / 256 KB ubunini bw'umurongo, n'imipaka ya LBA y'Ijwi ry'Ivyiyumviro) ibikwa vyompi mu gice c'ikarata y'umugenzuzi kiri mu gice ca NVRAM na mu gice c'ububiko bwihishije kuri disiki yose y'umubiri ya SAS/SATA/NVMe yitwa Disk Data Format (DDF / COD, Itunganywa kuri Disiki) akarere k'amakuru. Igihe ikarita nshasha ya RAID (canke ikarita iriho inyuma y’aho amashanyarazi y’inyuma apfuye) ifunguye maze ikabona ama drive afise on-disk . DDF metadata inomero y'urutonde ntihuye n'ikarata NVRAM y'ubusa, igaragaza izo nkuru nk'"Foreign". Iyo umuyobozi afise ubwoba akanda "Rema Disiki Nshasha" canke "Initialize" yiyumvira ko "itera" ama drive, canke akanda "Kuraho imiterere y'amahanga" igihe bashaka kuyizana, umugenzuzi yandika hejuru y'amakuru ari kuri disiki maze agakuraho Disiki y'amahanga. Kumenya itandukaniro nyaryo hagati ya Import Foreign Configuration na Clear Foreign Configuration, ingene woshirako amazina y'imibare y'ibarabara ry'umuduga imbere yo gukora ku gikoresho kimwe, n'ingene wofata Igikoresho co kwandika-inyuma cashizweko / gihumanye (BBU / CacheVault) na "Punctured Stripe" ivy'ugukura kw'imiduga myinshi bizogarukana umurongo wawe kuri interineti ata makuru atakaye. Nimba ukunanirwa kwa server kwatumwe n’umuriro w’umuyagankuba wo mu cumba ca server, ubushuhe bwa UPS bwahunze, canke umuyoboro w’amazi waturitse, nuve mu cumba maze uhamagare uwo mu karere iwanyu . inomero z'ivyihutirwa (911 muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika no muri Kanada, 999 mu Bwongereza, 112 mu Bumwe bw’Uburayi bwose) ubwo nyene. Ku bijanye n’ububiko, imashini y’ivy’impwemu, n’ivyihutirwa vya SSD, raba uburongozi bwacu kuri NAS RAID array yasenyutse, umuduga mwinshi warananiwe, n'ugusubirana kwa ZFS/Btrfs, imashini y'ukuri VMDk, VHDX, na QCOW2 uruhererekane rw'ibiturire, na SSD NVMe uburyo bwo gusoma gusa butunguranye n'ugukiza amabuye y'inyuma.

Ivyo ubikore ubu¶

1. NTUKIGEZE ukanda "Gutangura", "Gutangura vyihuse", canke "Rema Disiki Nshasha y'Ivyuma" ku bikoresho birimwo amakuru asanzweho. Mu majambo ya Dell PERC, Broadcom MegaRAID, na HPE Smart Array, Initialize NTIBISIGURA "gufungura no gushiramwo disiki" (nk'uko rimwe na rimwe bisobanura mu bikoresho vya kera vya macOS/Windows). Mu bikoresho vya RAID, Initialize ubugyo FORMAT AND ZERO OUT THE VIRTUAL DISK METADATA AND PARITY BLOCKS. Mbere n'"Itanguriro ryihuta" ry'amasegonda 3 rishobora kwandika hejuru ya megabytes ya mbere n'iya nyuma y'umubare w'ibintu vy'ubwenge, rikazimanganya imbonerahamwe y'imigabane ya GPT, VMware . VMFS umutwe, idirisha NTFS Dosiye nyamukuru Imbonerahamwe y'intango, canke Linux LVM2 / XFS igisagara gikomeye cane.
2. Kura ikimenyetso gihoraho ubu nyene wandike neza neza Igitigiri c'Ikibanza / Bay (Bay 0, Bay 1, Bay 2...) kuri caddy yose y'umuduga IMBERE yo gukurura disiki imwe. Mu gihe SNIA y'ubu DDF metadata ibika urutonde rw'ibimenyetso kuri buri disiki, amasubiramwo ya kera ya porogaramu, gucapura inyuma, canke gusubira kurema vyihutirwa n'amaboko (No-Init Recovery) kwizigira 100 kw'ijana kuri buri disiki isubira ku umwimerere wayo nyayo Enclosure:Slot umubare w'ibarabara. Ntukigere ukura ama drive ane kuri server ngo uyashire ku meza ataco yanditsweko.
3. Ntukigere ukura umuduga ufise amagara meza canke "Usubira kwubaka" maze wongere uwushiremwo mu gihe server iriko irakora kugira ngo "igerageze nimba isubira hejuru." Igihe ukuye umuduga wa SAS/SATA mu gihe c'amasegonda arenga 5, umugenzuzi wa RAID atanga ikimenyetso c'igihe c'iyo disiki nk' Failed / Offline canke Foreign. Iyo drive imwe yari yamaze gupfa muri RAID 5 array maze ugakuraho drive ya kabiri kugira ngo urabe inomero yayo mu gihe server iriko irakora, wari gusa wishe drive ya kabiri mu maso y’umugenzuzi maze ugaca utera umuvuduko wose wa RAID 5.
4. Gutahura itegeko rihambaye ry’ Import vs. Clear: Igihe usubiriza ikarita ya RAID yapfuye (canke inyuma y’aho ama drive yose avuye mu murongo mu gihe gito hamwe), ushaka IMPORT. Igihe winjiza umuduga w'inyuma ukoreshwa muri server ikora neza, ushaka CLEAR.
5. Ivyabaye A (Ikarita ya RAID yarapfuye maze ushiramwo ikarita yo gusubirira, CANKE ikibazo c'ububasha/inyuma catumye array yawe yose igenda Foreign): Itunganywa ry'ukuri ribaho ku madisiki (Configuration on Disk). Ubwirizwa guhitamwo Import Foreign Configuration rero ikarita yo gusubirira isoma urutonde rw'ibintu kuva ku madisiki gushika muri NVRAM yayo.
6. Ivyiyumviro B (Server yawe iriko irakora neza, drive 1 yarapfuye, maze ushiramwo drive yakoreshejwe yasubiwemwo yakuwe kuri server ya kera yari yarakuwe mu Bay 4): Iyo drive yakoreshejwe ifise metadata ya kera ya RAID ivuye kuri server ya kera kuri yo (Foreign). Niwafyonda Import, uzozana urutonde rw'ibinyoma rwa server ya kera yasohotse. Mu nkuru B, uhisemwo Clear Foreign Configuration kuri iyo disiki imwe yo gusubirira rero ihinduka Unconfigured Good kandi agatangura gusubira kwubaka nk’igice c’inyuma gishushe.
7. Nimba ama drive abiri canke arenga yaguye hanze y'umurongo muri RAID 5 (canke atatu muri RAID 6), NTUHATE ama drive kuri internet maze ukoreshe "Rebuild" imbere yo gukora cloning y'umuduga wose ufise ddrescue. Iyo ama drive menshi ava mu rutonde kubera imice mibi (UREs, Amakosa yo Gusoma Atashobora Gusubirwamwo), guhatira umuduga wa kera cane waguye gusubira kuri interineti bituma habaho "Imirongo y'amakuru ya kera" canke "Umurongo wa RAID watobotse" ushobora kwonona ubudasiba ububiko bw'amakuru. Guhagarika umuyagankuba kuri server, ushire ama drive kuri HBA idakora RAID (IT-Mode SAS card), clone buri drive bit-for-bit ku madosiye y’amashusho, hanyuma ugasubira kwubaka urutonde hafi mu porogarama isomwa gusa mbere.

Igiti c'ingingo: Gusubirira umugenzuzi wa RAID n'ugutoranya imiterere y'amahanga¶

flowchart TD
    A["Ivyihutirwa vya RAID y'ibikoresho: Ikarita y'umugenzuzi yarapfuye CANKE BIOS ivuga ko 'Imiterere y'amahanga yabonetse'"] --> B{"Ni kuki 'Imiterere y'amahanga' igaragara?"}
    B -->|"Ikibazo ca 1: Ikarita ya RAID yapfuye yasubirijwe (canke yimuye ama drive yose ku gice ca server gisubirijwe)"| C["Ivyuma vyose vy'umubiri birafise amagara meza kandi bifata amakuru yawe nyayo ('Imiterere kuri disiki')"]
    B -->|"Ikibazo ca 2: Inyuma y'indege / PSU Glitch yatumye ama Drive menshi muri Server iriho Agwa ku 'Mahanga' Igihe kimwe"| D["Server y'Inguvu -> Gusubiramwo Intsinga za SAS Backplane & Drive Caddies (Mu bibanza vy'Imibare Nyayo) -> Gufungura ku Mugenzuzi BIOS"]
    B -->|"Case 3: Waciye winjiza Disk 1 Yakoreshejwe yo Gusubirira mu Running Array & Iyo Disk 1 Ivuga ngo 'Iyinyamahanga'."| E["NTUZIZE: Iyo disiki 1 ikoreshwa ifise amakuru ya kera ava ku yindi server; Hitamwo 'KURAHO Config y'amahanga' kugira ngo ibe Hot Spare"]
    B -->|"Ikibazo ca 4: Ivyuma vyinshi bikanda / Birananirwa n’amakosa y’ivy’amakuru (RAID 5 n’amadisike mabi 2+)"| F["GUHAGURUKA: NTUHATE ku nguvu kuri Internet canke ngo Usubire kwubaka; Fata ama Drive kuri IT-Mode HBA, Gukora Clone ya Disiki zose biciye kuri ddrescue, & Gusubira kwubaka"]
    C --> G["Injira muri BIOS y'umugenzuzi (iDRAC / Ctrl+R / F2 Gutegura Sisitemu) -> Gufungura 'Itegeko ry'Imahanga / Itegeko ry'Itegeko'"]
    D --> G
    G --> H{"Suzuma Igishushanyo c'Imbere y'Igihugu c'Amahanga: Mbega ama drive YOSE y'abagize Disk Virtual ariho kandi 'Ari kuri Internet'?"}
    H -->|"Ego: Ivyuma vyose (canke N-1 muri RAID 5 / N-2 muri RAID 6) birahari"| I["Gushitsa 'IMPORTA CONFIGURATION Y'AMAHANGA' (NTUKIGEZE ukanda Clear canke Initialize); Disiki y'ukuri ihita itera imbere ataco ikoze"]
    H -->|"Oya: Ivyuma vyinshi cane biracagaragaza 'Bibuze' mu mbonerakure"| J["ABORT IMPORT: Ntushiremwo umugwi w’imirongo udatunganye; funga maze usuzume umuduga w'umubiri/umugozi wananiwe guhindukira"]

Ivyerekeye umuguzi ku muguzi: Uko Dell PERC, Broadcom/LSI MegaRAID, na HPE Smart Array bifata amakuru y'amahanga¶

Buri mucuruzi w’amaserver y’ishirahamwe akomeye akoresha amajambo atandukanye gatoyi mu gutegura UEFI HII, Uburongozi bwo hanze y’umurongo (iDRAC / iLO / XClarity), n'igikoresho ca CLI (perccli / storcli / ssacli). Suzuma iyi mbonerahamwe nyayo y'ukugereranya umucuruzi imbere yo gukanda urufunguzo rumwe:

Igitabo c'imikino 1: Intambwe ku yindi itekanye "Imiterere y'amahanga" kuri Dell PERC & LSI MegaRAID¶

Igihe umukozi wawe wa Dell canke Supermicro/Lenovo MegaRAID ahagaze ku gutangura na "Foreign configuration(s) found on adapter", ukurikize uru rutonde rw’intambwe 3 rwo kubaga:

Intambwe ya 1: Suzuma mbere amatara y'umuduga n'imiterere ya Spin-Up¶

Imbere yo kwinjira muri menu ya BIOS, genda imbere y’igice ca server (canke ufungure Dell iDRAC -> Ububiko -> Disiki z’umubiri) hanyuma uharure amatara y’ibarabara ry’umuduga: - Kubera iki urutonde rwacitse Foreign mu kibanza ca mbere? - Niba gusa usubirije ikarita ya PERC/MegaRAID yapfuye (canke wimuriye ama drive yose mu gice c’inyuma c’umukozi), kubona Foreign ku bikoresho vyose ni 100 kw’ijana bisanzwe kandi vyitezwe. - Ariko rero, iyo uta uhinduye ikarita ya RAID maze server igasubira gukora bukwi na bukwi mu "Foreign configuration found", bisigura ama drive menshi yaguye hanze y’umurongo icarimwe, akenshi kubera SAS Mini-SAS HD (SFF-8643 / SFF-8654) umugozi w’inyuma, umugozi w’inyuma w’amashanyarazi udakora neza, canke ibikoresho bibiri bishaje bitera imice mibi igihe kimwe. - Nimba LED y’ibarabara ry’umuduga iri mu mwijima (ntiyizunguruka): Zima umuyagankuba kuri server, ufungure iyo caddy y’umuduga, urindire amasegonda 30, usubiremwo neza caddy maze usuzume neza intsinga z’umuyagankuba/amakuru za SAS, hanyuma ushiremwo umuyagankuba kugira ngo ama disk yose y’umubiri amenyekane imbere y’uko ubona ivy’imbere.

Intambwe ya 2: Fungurira "Igishushanyo c'amahanga" Screen (Ntukigere uzana ibintu ataco ubona)¶

1. Gufungura server hanyuma ukande F2 (Imiterere ya sisitemu) kuri Dell PowerEdge 13G / 14G / 15G / 16G abakozi (canke Ctrl+R ku bakuze 11G / 12G Abakozi ba BIOS).
2. Kugendagenda kuri Device Settings -> [Your Dell PERC / MegaRAID Controller] -> Main Menu -> Configuration Management -> Manage Foreign Configuration -> Preview Foreign Configuration.
3. Canke, nimba ushobora gufungura USB y’ugukiza Linux canke gufatanya biciye kuri SSH/OS, suzuma imbere y’igihe ata nkomanzi uhereye ku murongo w’amabwirizwa ukoresheje perccli canke storcli:

   # Show all detected Foreign Configurations and whether Virtual Disks are complete:
   perccli /c0/fall show all
   # Or on standard Broadcom MegaRAID:
   storcli /c0/fall show preview
   

4. Soma neza igicapo c'imbere:
5. Raba kuri Disiki y'ivy'impwemu (VD 0) status imbere mu mbonerahamwe y'amahanga: Mbega ivuga Optimal (ibikoresho vyose biriho) canke Degraded (nk’akarorero, 5 kuri 6 ziri muri RAID 5, canke 6 kuri 8 ziri muri RAID 6)?
6. Itegeko: Niba Igishushanyo c'Inyamahanga kigaragaza ko Disiki y'Inyamahanga izoza nk'Optimal canke Degraded (Ishobora guterwa), biratekanye gukomeza ku ntambwe ya 3.
7. Ivyangombwa vyo guhagarika: Niba Imbere y'Igihugu y'Amahanga ivuga Offline / Incomplete kubera ko ama drive abiri aracari mu RAID 5 (canke atatu muri RAID 6), STOP: NTUKANDA Import yet. Kwinjiza mu gihe ama drive menshi cane abuze bizokuzana urutonde rwavunitse, rudashobora guterwa canke bisige ama drive abuze ata sync. Zima umuyagankuba kuri server maze umenye igituma ama disks y’umubiri abuze atariko arazunguruka hejuru ku backplane mbere.

Intambwe ya 3: Gushitsa Import Foreign Configuration¶

1. Igihe igicapo c'imbere cemeje ko Disiki y'ukuri yuzuye (canke yasenyutse), kanda Import Foreign Configuration maze wemeze igisabwa (canke wiruke perccli /c0/fall import / storcli /c0/fall import).
2. Mu masegonda 3 canke 5, uwo mugenzuzi arasoma . DDF metadata iva ku madisiki y'umubiri, yandika ikarita y'umurongo muri NVRAM y'umugenzuzi, ihindura ibikoresho biva kuri Foreign gusubira kuri Online, kandi akazana Disiki y'Ivy'Imibonano Optimal (canke Degraded, biteguriye gusubirwamwo ubwo nyene).
3. Gusubira gufungura server; Sisitemu yawe ikoresha (VMware ESXi, Windows Server, Proxmox / Linux) izotangura igororotse ivuye mu mubare udasenyutse ata byte n'imwe itakaye.

Igitabo ca 2: Bimeze gute iyo umuntu AMAZE gukanda "Kuraho ivy'amahanga" (canke metadata ya NVRAM + DDF yose igahanagurwa)?¶

Bimeze gute iyo umuhinga mutoyi agira ubwoba isaha zibiri z’ijoro, akabona "Foreign configuration found", ukanda Clear Foreign Configuration (guhanagura DDF RAID metadata iri ku madisiki rero umuduga wose ubu uvuga Unconfigured Good), kandi Virtual Disk yawe yose irazimangana?

NTUHEBE; amakuru yawe aracari 100 kw'ijana ku masahani. Gukanda Clear Foreign Configuration gusa irafuta utuntu dutoduto DDF igice c’imiterere kiri ku mpera y’amadisiki; nti ikora ku mirongo y'amakuru y'ukoresha (LBA 0 biciye mu mpera y’ugucapura kwawe).

Ariko rero, ugukora ikintu kimwe kibi mu gihe co gukira kizosambura vyose. Aha niho hari uburyo nyabwo bwo gusubiza amakuru igihe RAID config ya hardware yasohowe:

Uburyo bwa 1 (Butekanye kuruta ubundi - 100% Nta ngorane ziri ku madisiki y'umwimerere): Gusubira kwubaka mu buryo bw'impwemu biciye ku gusoma gusa HBA + R-Studio / UFS Explorer / mdadm¶

Abahinga mu bijanye no gusubiza amakuru ntibashobora kugerageza "Gusubira kurema urutonde" ku madisiki y'ibikorwa vy'ubuzima imbere muri BIOS y'umugenzuzi wa RAID nimba batazi neza 100 kw'ijana urutonde nyarwo rw'umuduga, ubunini bw'umurongo (64 KB, 128 KB, 256 KB), n’uguhinduranya uburinganire (Left Asymmetric vs Left Symmetric). 1. Zima umuriro kuri server maze ukureho ama drive afise inomero. 2. Huza ivyuma ku kibanza co gukoreramwo gifise Igikoresho co Guhindura Bisi y'Umushitsi ya SAS idakoresha RAID (HBA, nk’akarorero LSI . 9207-8i / 9300-8i yaca ibibatsi kuri IT-Mode Initiator-Target biciye mu nzira y’ubuhinga) rero ubuhinga bwo gukoresha burabona disiki yose y’umuntu ku giti ciwe ata RAID BIOS ibangamira. 3. Gufungura UFS Explorer RAID Gusubirana canke Umuhinga wa R-Studio: - Ivyo bikoresho vyose bifise ibikoresho vy’ugutahura urutonde rw’imirongo ya Dell PERC, LSI MegaRAID, na HPE Smart Array bishobora gupima imice idasanzwe, bikamenya ubwavyo urutonde nyarwo rw’umuduga, 64 KB / 256 KB ubunini bw'umurongo, uguhinduka kw'uburinganire, na DDF tangura guhindura mu bubiko bwo gusoma gusa, maze ureke kope vyose vyawe .vhdx, .vmdk, SQL amakuru, n'amadosiye ataco akora kuva ku rutonde rw'ibintu vy'ukuri ku NAS y'inyuma ata kwandika byte imwe ku bikoresho vya SAS vy'umwimerere.

Uburyo bwa 2 (Igikoresho co "Gusubira kurema Virtual Disk ATA GUTANGUZA" - Igihe gusa 100% vy'Ibipimo Bizwi)¶

Niba udafise . IT-Mode HBA kandi urazi n’ukuri 100 kw’ijana ivy’ukuri vy’imbere y’igihe vy’urutonde rwa Dell PERC / LSI MegaRAID (bivuye ku vyoherejwe hanze iDRAC TSR [Raporo y'ubufasha bw'ubuhinga] igitabo canke urupapuro rw'ubwubatsi: urutonde rw'ibintu vy'umubiri, urugero rwa RAID, ubunini bw'ibintu vy'umurongo [nk'akarorero, 64 KB ku PERC H730 canke 256 KB kuri H740P], n’Itegeko ryo Gusoma/Kwandika): 1. Mu gikoresho ca MegaRAID / PERC, fungura Create New Virtual Disk. 2. Hitamwo urugero rwa RAID rumwe, ama Disiki y'umubiri amwe mu rutonde rumwe nyene, n'Ingano y'Umurongo (64 KB / 256 KB). 3. UBUZIMA-CANKE-URUPFU: Munsi ya Initialization akazu kamanuka, urabe neza ko kashizwe kuri NO INITIALIZATION (Siga nk'No / None; NTIWIGEZE uhitemwo Fast Initialize canke Full Initialize). 4. Iyo uremye Disiki y'ukuri ku mugenzuzi wa LSI/PERC ufise Initialization = No, umugenzuzi yandika ikintu gishasha DDF metadata header mu mice yabitswe ku mpera y'amadisike mu gihe usiga 100 kw'ijana vy'amakuru y'abakoresha atakozweko. 5. Gufungura muri Gusoma-Gusa Linux Live USB (SystemRescue) mbere maze wiruke lsblk -f canke fdisk -l: nimba ivyawe NTFS, VMFS, canke XFS imigabane ihita igaragara n'ibimenyetso vyayo vy'urutonde rw'amadosiye bitagiramwo ikintu, uburinganire bw'imirongo buhuye. (Iciyumviro: Ntutangure gusuzuma uburinganire bw'inyuma gushika umaze gukora ububiko bw'amakuru yose ahambaye, kuko iyo wiyumviriye ubunini bw'umurongo canke urutonde rw'umuduga rutari rwo, igenzura ry'uburinganire rizokwandika amakuru meza n'uburinganire bubi.)

Igitabo ca 3: Gufata "Ibibazo vyinshi vy'umuduga" muri RAID 5 / RAID 6 n'umutego w'"Umurongo utobotse"¶

Bimeze gute iyo RAID 5 yawe y'ibikoresho 6 ari Offline / Dead kuko Drive 2 yananiwe amezi atatu aheze (kandi nta n’umwe yabibonye kuko email alerts zitari zatunganijwe) na Drive 4 yatanguye gutera amakosa y’Itangazamakuru (Bad Blocks / Sense Code 03/11/00) muri iki gitondo?

Intambwe 4 zitekanye zo gukiza RAID Array:¶

1. Sohora hanze TTY y'umugenzuzi / Igitabo c'ivyabaye (perccli /c0 show termlog canke iDRAC TSR) ICA MBERE:
2. Imbere yo gukora ku muduga uwo ariwo wose, soma igitabo c'imbere c'umugenzuzi (termlog). Raba ibimenyetso vy’igihe nyavyo igihe umuduga wose wahindutse uva kuri Online ku Failed canke Foreign.
3. Itegeko ry'ingenzi: Igikoresho cavuye ku murongo INYUMA (ica vuba cane, nk'akarorero, iminota 10 iheze uno musi) gifise amakuru 99.999% kandi ni co conyene gishobora gusubirwamwo ku nguvu ku murongo (canke guhindurwa) kugira ngo gishireko umuvuduko. Ico kinyabiziga capfuye amayinga canke amezi aheze (Stale Drive) itegerezwa kuguma inyuma y'urutonde.
4. Clone "Iherutse guterwa" Drive idakora neza kuri Disk y'ubuzima ukoresheje ddrescue (Biciye mu buryo bwa IT HBA):
5. Kuko umuduga wahevye iminota 10 iheze akenshi wahevye kubera urushinge rw’imice mibi idashobora gusomwa (UREs), guhatira iyo drive idakora neza ku mubiri ku rubuga rwa interineti imbere mw’ikarata ya RAID no kugerageza gukoresha amasaha 14 yo gusubira kwubaka RAID bizotuma imitwe yayo isomwa itera ivyatsi maze ipfa burundu inyuma y’iminota 20.
6. Ahubwo, ushire iyo drive inaniwe (n'izindi drive zose z'abanyamuryango zikiriho) ku yindi itari RAID . IT-Mode SAS HBA kandi ukoreshe GNU ddrescue (ddrescue -d -r1 /dev/sdX drive4_clone.img drive4.map) kugira ngo ushireho ishusho 99.9999% y’imice yayo isomwa ku muvuduko canke dosiye y’ishusho, usimbuke neza ku mice mibi 3 canke 4 ata gutera umutwe.
7. Shira Cloned Array mu buryo bwo gusoma gusa maze ukope amakuru ahambaye imbere yo gusubira kwubaka:
8. Igihe umuduga udakora neza umaze gukosorwa (canke iyo uhagaritse umuduga uherutse guterwa kuri interineti muri BIOS y’umugenzuzi), shire umuvuduko wa OS mu buryo bwo Gusoma Gusa (mount -o ro,norecovery) maze ukureho amakuru yawe ahambaye cane, .vhdx/.vmdk dosiye, n'imigabane y'ibarabara ku NAS yo hanze ubwo nyene.
9. Uko wokuraho "Punctured Array" Uhejeje Gukora Backup y'Amakuru Yawe:
10. Igihe Disiki ya Dell PERC canke LSI MegaRAID yashikiwe n’ikibazo c’Umurongo watobotse (vyerekanwa mu gitabu c’umugenzuzi na Patrol Read can't fix bad block canke Strip is punctured), nta mubare w'ibikoresho vyo guhindura canke gukoresha ivy'ugusuzuma ukuntu ibintu bihuye bizokuraho ibendera ry'ugutobora kuri Disiki y'Ivy'Inyigisho.
11. Uhejeje gukora backup 100 kw’ijana y’amadosiye yawe/VMs zivuye ku nzira y’ububiko: utegerezwa Gukuraho Disiki y’Ivy’Inyigisho, Gutangura Disiki y’Ivyiyumviro nshasha ku bikoresho bifise amagara meza, gusubira kurema ububiko bw’amakuru/ububiko bw’amakuru, no kugarura amakuru yawe avuye mu nzira y’ububiko.

Inomero z'ivyihutirwa zo mu karere n'amategeko y'ibigo¶

Ibibazo bikunda kubazwa¶

Ni itandukaniro irihe nyaryo riri hagati ya "Imbere y'Imiterere y'Inyamahanga" na "Gukuraho Imiterere y'Inyamahanga" muri Dell PERC / MegaRAID?¶

Iyumvire ivy’ `Foreign` flag nk'uko umugenzuzi wa RAID abaza ati: "Ivyiyumviro vya RAID vyanditswe kuri izo hard drive ntibihuye n'ububiko bw'imbere bw'ikarita yanje; ni ubuhe ukuri?" `Import Foreign Configuration` abwira umugenzuzi ati: "Ivyo bikoresho bikomeye bifise ukuri. Kopa RAID configuration KUVA ku bikoresho bikomeye BIJANYE ku ikarita y'umugenzuzi maze ushireko ijwi ryanje ataco n'umwe usivye." Koresha `Import` igihe cose wasubirije ikarita ya RAID yapfuye, wimuriye ama drive yawe yose kuri server nshasha, canke ufise ikibazo c'ububasha/inyuma gitera urutonde rwawe rwa kera. `Clear Foreign Configuration` abwira umugenzuzi ati: "Futa amakuru ya RAID kuri izo nzira z'amahanga maze uyahindure ubusa `Unconfigured Good` amadisiki." Koresha `Clear` GUSA iyo ushizeho umuduga umwe wakoreshejwe (wakuwe kuri server ya kera yacitse intege) ukawushira muri server ikora neza maze ugashaka gukuraho metadata ya kera y’uwo muduga umwe kugira ngo ushobore gusubira kwubaka nk’umuduga ushushe.

Noshobora gukura ama drive yanje yose ya SAS/SATA mu Dell PowerEdge R740 yapfuye (ifise motherboard yapfuye) nkayashira mu Dell PowerEdge R730 canke R750 y’inyuma kugira ngo nshobore gufungura server yanje ubwo nyene?¶

Egome. Ivyo vyitwa Gutembera kuri Disiki canke Kwimuka kw’Imirongo, na SNIA . `DDF` (Imiterere y'amakuru ya disiki) amakuru y'imbere atuma yizigirwa muri Dell PERC (`H330`, `H730`, `H740P`, `H755`) n’ibikoresho bigenzura Broadcom MegaRAID, igihe gusa ukurikije amategeko atatu: (1) Ushireko ikimenyetso ku gikoresho cose co gutwara umuduga ufise inomero nyayo y’ibarabara (`Bay 0` biciye mu `Bay N`) maze ubishire muri serveri y’ugusubirira mu buryo nyabwo; (2) Suzuma ko porogarama y’umugenzuzi wa RAID y’umukozi asubiriye iri kuri verisiyo imwe canke nshasha kandi ishigikira urugero rwa RAID rwakoreshejwe; na (3) Igihe utangura ku serveri isubiriye, winjire muri PERC BIOS, ubone imbere y’igihe Itunganywa ry’Inyamahanga, hanyuma uhitemwo . `Import Foreign Configuration`.

Ni kuki HPE Smart Array yerekanye "1785 - Slot 0 Umuduga Ntiwatunganijwe" kuri POST, kandi ni kuki gukanda F2 yica?¶

Ku kigo ca Hewlett Packard (`HPE`) Amaserveri ya ProLiant akoresha abagenzuzi ba Smart Array, iyo umugozi w’amashanyarazi wo mu ndege y’inyuma ya SAS urekuye canke iyo etagere y’umuduga ifata igihe kirekire cane kugira ngo izunguruke igihe itangura, umugenzuzi yerekana ubutumwa bwa POST nk’ubwo `1785 - Drive Array Not Configured` canke `1789 - Disk Drive(s) Respond` hakurikijwe amahitamwo nka `Press F1 to continue` canke `Press F2 to accept data loss and re-enable logical drive`. Ntukigere ukanda `F2` ata gusoma neza igisabwa nyaco: ku mayaruka menshi ya Smart Array firmware, ukanda `F2` iyo ama drive abuze mu gihe gito abwira umugenzuzi kwemera gutakaza ubudasiba umubare ubuze canke gusubira gutanguza metadata y'umuduga yumvikana. Ahubwo, ushire umuriro ubwo nyene, ushireho umugozi wa SAS canke umuriro wo hanze kugira ngo ama drive yose azunguruke hamwe, hanyuma usubire gutangura.

Noshobora gukura umuduga umwe mu bikoresho vya RAID 5 canke RAID 10, nkawushira mu gitereko ca USB-to-SATA kuri PC yanje ya Windows, nkawukopa amadosiye yanje?¶

Ku RAID 5, RAID 6, RAID 0, canke RAID 10 (n’ibikoresho 4+): Oya. Mu mirongo y’imirongo, dosiye yose ku giti cayo iraruta ubunini bw’imirongo (`64 KB` ku `256 KB`) igabanywamwo uturongo dutoduto tw’amakilobyte 64 ku bikoresho vyose icarimwe, bishizwemwo ibice vy’uburinganire bwa XOR. Gushiramwo umuduga umwe wa RAID 5 muri PC ya Windows bizokwerekana igice kidashobora gusomwa, kandi iyo ukanda mu mpanuka kuri "Initialize Disk" ya Windows Disk Management (`MBR/GPT`)" popup kuri iyo drive imwe, uzokwandika hejuru y'imice ya mbere ya Stripe 0. (Ikintu kimwe gusa kidasanzwe ni 2-drive RAID 1 Mirror: mu ndorerwamo 2-drive RAID 1 yoroshe, buri disiki irimwo kopi yuzuye y'umurongo kandi ishobora gushirwako gusoma gusa ku bo / kwandikwa hanze y'indorerwamo nimba utegura kuyisubiza mw'ikarita ya RAID.)

RAID 5 yanje yo gusubira kwubaka irafatanye kuri 47% kandi server ntaco ikora. Noba nosubira gufungura server canke nosubiramwo ivyo gusubira kwubaka?¶

Ubwa mbere, ntuzimye server nimba amatara y’ibikorwa vy’umuduga acariko arazimya. Iyo hardware RAID 5 canke RAID 6 isubira kwubaka igabanutse gushika aho igenda (nk’akarorero, kuva kuri 150 MB/sec gushika kuri 0.5 MB/sec ku 47 kw’ijana), hafi y’igihe cose bisigura ko imwe mu nzira z’inkomoko zirokotse ku rwego rw’amabuye y’agaciro ku rwego rw’amabuye y’agaciro ERC y’ubugoyagoye/igenda irasenyuka. (`Error Recovery Control`) gusoma gusubira kugerageza. Mu gihe ukiri n’uburenganzira bwo gushika ku ruzitiro rwo ku rubuga (naho rwoba rugenda buhoro), ubwo nyene ukope amakuru yawe ahambaye cane, amadosiye y’ivy’amahera, n’ama configs ya VM kuri server ku yindi NAS canke USB drive ubu nyene, kuko iyo iyo drive y’inkomoko iriko iragwana n’uguheba burundu imbere y’uko ishika ku 100 kw’ijana, abort ishobora guhagarara.

Inyobora zifitaniye isano¶

• NAS RAID array yasenyutse, umuduga mwinshi warananiwe, n'ugusubirana kwa ZFS/Btrfs
• Imashini y'ukuri VMDK, VHDX, na QCOW2 uruhererekane rw'ibiturire
• Hard drive irananirwa no gusubiza amakuru
• SSD NVMe gitunguranye gusoma gusa uburyo, 0% amabuye y'inyuma, na TRIM guhagarika gutabara

Amasoko n'ubuyobozi buzwi¶

• Ishirahamwe ry'inganda z'ububiko bw'urubuga (SNIA): Uburyo busanzwe bw'amakuru ya disiki ya RAID (DDF) Ivyerekeye ubuhinga (Verisiyo 2.0), guhuza amakuru y'imiterere y'ibintu biri kuri disiki (COD) n'Imiterere y'Amahanga izana mu mashirahamwe RAID abagenzuzi.
• Inyandiko z'ubuhinga bwa Dell: Umugenzuzi wa Dell PowerEdge RAID (PERC 9 / 10 / 11 / 12) Inyobora y'ukoresha: Gucungera imiterere y'amahanga, ububiko bwazigamye (Pinned Cache), na Gutorera umuti Imirongo ya RAID Yatobotse (SLN156890 / 000139251).
• (Ivyahora vyitwa LSI / Avago): Igitabo c'abakoresha porogarama ya MegaRAID SAS n' StorCLI Igitabo c'Ivyigwa (/cX/fall show preview kandi /cX/fall import Amategeko y'Imiterere y'Amahanga).
• Ishirahamwe rya Hewlett Packard (HPE): Igitabo c'abakoresha ba HPE Smart Array SR Gen10 / Gen11 n'igitabu co gutorera umuti ingorane (Igisata c'amakuru yabitswe RIS Amakuru n'amakode y'ikosa rya POST 1785 ku 1799).
• Ikigo c’Igihugu c’Ivyagezwe n’Ikoranabuhanga (NIST): Igitabu kidasanzwe 800-209 (Ingingo ngenderwako z’umutekano ku bikorwa remezo vy’ububiko) na SP 800-88 Rev. 1 (Ingingo ngenderwako zo gusukura ibinyamakuru).