ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻohana i ka mea hoʻokele RAID lako: Ke lawe mai nei i nā Config ʻē aʻe me ka holoi ʻole ʻana i kāu mau pahu¶

I ka wā e loaʻa ai ke kāleka hoʻoponopono RAID lako polokalamu o ka ʻoihana, e like me ka Dell PowerEdge PERC (H730P, H740P, H755, H840), HPE ProLiant Smart Array (P408i-a, P440ar, E208i, MR416i), a i ʻole Broadcom / LSI / Avago MegaRAID (SAS 9361-8i, 9460-16i, 9560-16i), loaʻa i ka make ʻana o ka papa PCIe, kahi BBU/CacheVault supercapacitor hāʻule, a i ʻole ka hāʻule ʻana o ka volta backplane, a hoʻokomo ʻoe i kahi kāleka RAID hou e ʻike ai i ka hoʻomaha ʻana o ka pono BIOS pre-boot me ka wikiwiki weliweli "Foreign configuration(s) found on adapter. Press any key to continue or 'C' to load the configuration utility", hiki i kahi kī kī hewa ke hoʻopau i nā terabytes o nā waihona ʻikepili hana a me nā mīkini virtual ma lalo o ʻelua kekona. I loko o nā hale hana RAID lako, ke ʻano geometric stripe o ka array (RAID level, drive order, 64 KB / 256 KB ʻO ka nui o nā kaha, a me nā palena LBA Logical Volume) e mālama ʻia ** ʻelua ** i loko o ka pahu NVRAM chip o ka mea hoʻokele ** a ** i kahi ʻāpana huna huna ma kēlā me kēia disk SAS/SATA/NVMe kino i kapa ʻia ʻo Disk Data Format (DDF / COD, Hoʻonohonoho ma Disk) ʻāpana metadata. I ka wā e hoʻomaka ai kahi kāleka RAID pani hou (a i ʻole kahi kāleka e kū nei ma hope o ka glitch power backplane no ka manawa lōʻihi) a ʻike i nā kaʻa nona ma ka disk. DDF ʻAʻole i kūlike ka helu serial metadata i ka NVRAM blank o ke kāleka, e hōʻailona ia i kēlā mau pahu e like me "Foreign". Inā kaomi ka luna hoʻomalu i ka "Create New Virtual Disk" a i ʻole "Initialize" e noʻonoʻo ana ʻo ia e "mauna" i nā drive, a i ʻole kaomi ʻana "Clear Foreign Configuration" i ka wā i manaʻo ai lākou e hoʻokomo iā ia, e kākau ka luna i ka metadata ma ka disk a hoʻopau i nā poʻomanaʻo Virtual Disk. ʻIke i ka ʻokoʻa pololei ma waena o Import Foreign Configuration a me Clear Foreign Configuration, pehea e hōʻailona ai i nā helu kaʻa kaʻa kino ma mua o ka pā ʻana i kahi pahu hoʻokahi, a pehea e mālama ai i Pinned / Dirty Write-Back Cache (BBU / CacheVault) a me ** "Punctured Stripe" multi-drive dropoffs** e hoʻihoʻi mai i kāu pūʻulu ma ka pūnaewele me ka ʻole o ka nalowale ʻikepili. Inā ua hoʻomaka ʻia ka hemahema o ka server e ke ahi uila lumi kikowaena, UPS lithium-ion thermal runaway, a i ʻole poha ka paipu wai, e haʻalele i ka lumi a kāhea i kāu wahi. helu pilikia (911 ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me Kanada, 999 ma United Kingdom, 112 ma waena o ka Hui ʻEulopa) koke. No ka hoʻonohonoho waihona e pili ana, ka mīkini virtual, a me nā pilikia pilikia SSD, e ʻike i kā mākou alakaʻi Ua hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia ka pūʻulu NAS RAID, ka hemahema o nā kaʻa he nui, a me ka hoʻihoʻi ZFS/Btrfs, Mīkini virtual VMDk, VHDX, a me QCOW2 kiʻi kaulahao palaho, a ʻO SSD NVMe ke ʻano heluhelu-wale nō a me nā poloka hoʻopakele.

E hana i kēia i kēia manawa¶

1. AOLE e kaomi i ka "Initialize", "Fast Initialize", aiʻole "Create New Virtual Disk" ma nā pahu i loaʻa ka ʻikepili i loaʻa. Ma Dell PERC, Broadcom MegaRAID, a me HPE Smart Array terminology, Initialize ʻaʻole ʻo ia "e hoʻāla a kau i ka disk" (e like me ka manaʻo i kekahi manawa i ka hoʻoilina macOS/Windows disk utilities). Ma ka lako polokalamu RAID firmware, Initialize ʻo ia hoʻi FORMAT AND ZERO OUT THE VIRTUAL DISK METADATA AND PARITY BLOCKS. ʻOiai he 3-kekona "Fast Initialization" e hoʻopau i ka megabytes mua a me ka hope o ka leo logical, e hoʻopau ana i ka papa ʻāpana GPT, VMware VMFS poʻomanaʻo, Windows NTFS Master File Table boot section, a i ʻole Linux LVM2 / XFS poloka nui.
2. ** E lawe i kahi māka paʻa i kēia manawa a kākau i ka helu Physical Slot / Bay Number (Bay 0, Bay 1, Bay 2...) ma kēlā me kēia pahu kaʻa ma mua o ka huki ʻana i hoʻokahi disk.** ʻOiai ʻo SNIA hou DDF ʻO nā hale kūʻai metadata e hoʻokele i nā hōʻailona kaʻina ma kēlā me kēia disk, nā loiloi firmware kahiko, nā mokulele hoʻokaʻawale, a i ʻole ka hana hou ʻana i ka pilikia (No-Init Recovery) hilinaʻi 100 pākēneka ma kēlā me kēia disk e hoʻi ana i kona ** kumu maoli Enclosure:Slot helu kaʻa**. Mai huki i nā pahu ʻehā mai kahi kikowaena a hoʻopaʻa iā lākou me ka lepa ʻole ʻia ma ka papaʻaina.
3. **Mai huki i kahi kaʻa olakino a i ʻole "Rebuilding" a hoʻokomo hou iā ia i ka wā e hoʻāla ʻia ai ke kikowaena e "hoʻāʻo inā e wili hou i luna." Failed / Offline a i ʻole Foreign. Inā ua make kekahi kaʻa ma kahi RAID 5 array a huki wale ʻoe i kahi kaʻa lua i waho e nānā i kāna helu ʻāpana i ka wā e holo ana ke kikowaena, ** ua pepehi ʻoe i ka lua o ka māka ma nā maka o ka mea hoʻokele a hāʻule i ka leo RAID 5 holoʻokoʻa **.
4. E hoʻomaopopo i ke kānāwai koʻikoʻi o Import vs. Clear: Ke hoʻololi nei i kahi kāleka RAID make (a i ʻole ma hope o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o nā kaʻa āpau ma waho pūnaewele), makemake ʻoe IMPORT. Ke hoʻokomo ʻana i kahi kaʻa kaʻa i hoʻohana ʻia i loko o kahi kikowaena holo olakino, makemake ʻoe CLEAR.
5. Scenario A (Ua make ke kāleka RAID a ua hoʻokomo ʻoe i kāleka pani, A i ʻole kahi mana / backplane glitch i hele ai kāu pūʻulu holoʻokoʻa. Foreign): Noho ka hoʻonohonoho ʻoiaʻiʻo ** ma nā diski (Configuration on Disk)**. Pono ʻoe e koho Import Foreign Configuration no laila heluhelu ke kāleka pani i ka hoʻonohonoho hoʻonohonoho *mai nā disks * i kāna NVRAM.
6. Scenario B (Ke holo maikaʻi nei kāu kikowaena, ua make ʻo 1 kaʻa, a ua hoʻoheheʻe ʻoe i kahi kaʻa hoʻololi i hoʻohana ʻia i huki ʻia mai kahi kikowaena kahiko i hoʻomaha ʻia i Bay 4): Ua loaʻa i kēlā kaʻa hoʻololi i hoʻohana ʻia nā metadata RAID kahiko mai ka server lohi ma luna (Foreign). Inā kaomi ʻoe Import, e lawe mai ʻoe i ka pūʻulu ʻuhane o ka server kahiko i hoʻomaha. Ma ke ʻano B, koho ʻoe i Clear Foreign Configuration ma kēlā diski pani hoʻokahi pēlā e lilo ai Unconfigured Good a hoʻomaka i ke kūkulu hou ʻana ma ke ʻano he wela wela.
7. ** Inā hāʻule ʻelua a ʻoi aʻe paha nā drive ma RAID 5 (a ʻekolu paha ma RAID 6), MAI hoʻoikaika i nā drive ma ka pūnaewele a holo i kahi "Rebuild" ma mua o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i kēlā me kēia kaʻa me. ddrescue.** Ke hāʻule nā pahu he nui mai kahi ʻano ma muli o nā ʻāpana ʻino (UREs, Unrecoverable Read Errors), no ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ka drive kahiko loa i hoʻokuʻu ʻia ma ka pūnaewele e hana i kahi "Stale Data Desynchronization" a i ʻole "Punctured RAID Stripe" e hoʻopōʻino mau i nā ʻikepili. E hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ke kikowaena, e hoʻopili i nā drive i kahi HBA non-RAID (IT-Mode Kāleka SAS), clone i kēlā me kēia drive bit-for-bit i nā faila kiʻi, a kūkulu hou i ka papa kuhikuhi ma ka polokalamu heluhelu wale nō.

Laau hoʻoholo: Hoʻololi ʻia ka mea hoʻoponopono RAID lako a me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o nā ʻāina ʻē¶

flowchart TD
    A["Hardware RAID Emergency: Make Kāleka Kāleka A i ʻole Hōʻike BIOS 'Loaʻa ka Configuration Haole'"] --> B{"No ke aha ke ʻike ʻia nei ka makaʻala 'Foreign Configuration'?"}
    B -->|"Hana 1: Kāleka Dead RAID i hoʻololi ʻia (a i ʻole e hoʻoneʻe i nā drive āpau i kahi chassis server pani)"| C["Ola maikaʻi nā kaʻa kino a paʻa i kāu metadata Array maoli ('Configuration on Disk')"]
    B -->|"Ka hihia 2: ʻO Backplane / PSU Glitch i hoʻoiho i nā kaʻa he nui i loko o ke kikowaena e kū nei e hāʻule i ka 'haole' i ka manawa like"| D["Mana Hoʻohaʻahaʻa Manaʻo -> Hoʻihoʻi hou i nā kelepona SAS Backplane & Drive Caddies (Ma nā ʻāpana helu pololei) -> E hoʻopaʻa i ka Controller BIOS"]
    B -->|"Ka hihia 3: Ua hoʻokomo wale ʻoe i 1 Disk Hoʻololi i hoʻohana ʻia i loko o kahi Array E holo ana & ʻōlelo ʻia e 1 Disk 'Haole'"| E["Mai lawe mai: Ua paʻa kēlā diski hoʻohana ʻia i nā metadata kahiko mai kahi kikowaena ʻē aʻe; koho i ka 'CLEAR Foreign Config' i lilo ia i Hot Spare"]
    B -->|"Ka hihia 4: Ke kaomi kino ʻana i nā pahu he nui / ʻaʻole i hāʻule me nā hewa Media (RAID 5 me 2+ Bad Disks)"| F["HOʻOKI: MAI hoʻoikaika ma ka pūnaewele a i ʻole kūkulu hou; Hoʻopili i nā Drives i ka IT-Mode HBA, Clone All Disks ma ddrescue, & Virtually Reconstruct"]
    C --> G["E hoʻokomo i ka BIOS Controller (iDRAC / Ctrl+R / F2 System Setup) -> E wehe i ka 'Foreign Configuration View / Preview'"]
    D --> G
    G --> H{"E nānā i ka ʻĀpana Haʻawina ʻē aʻe: Aia nā lālā a pau o ka Virtual Disk a me ka 'Online'?"}
    H -->|"ʻAe: Aia nā drive āpau (a i ʻole N-1 ma RAID 5 / N-2 ma RAID 6)."| I["E hoʻokō i ka 'IMPORT FOREIGN CONFIGURATION' (ʻAʻole kaomi i ka Clear or Initialize); Hoʻopaʻa koke ʻia ka Disk Virtual"]
    H -->|"ʻAʻole: He nui nā kaʻa e hōʻike ana i ka 'Nalo' i ka Preview"| J["ABORT IMPORT: Mai hoʻokomo i kahi hoʻonohonoho paʻa ʻole; pani a ʻike i ka holo kino / uwea i hiki ʻole ke wili"]

Mea Kūʻai-ma-Vendor Reference: Pehea ʻo Dell PERC, Broadcom/LSI MegaRAID, a me HPE Smart Array e mālama ai i nā metadata haole.¶

Ke hoʻohana nei kēlā me kēia mea kūʻai kikowaena ʻoihana nui i nā huaʻōlelo ʻokoʻa i kāna hoʻonohonoho UEFI HII, Out-of-Band Management (iDRAC / iLO / XClarity), a me ka mea hana CLI (perccli / storcli / ssacli). E nānā i kēia papa hoʻohālikelike mea kūʻai pololei ma mua o ke kaomi ʻana i hoʻokahi kī:

Puke pāʻani 1: Paʻa i kēlā me kēia ʻanuʻu "Hoʻokomo Configuration Import" ma Dell PERC & LSI MegaRAID¶

I ka wā e kū ai kāu kikowaena Dell PowerEdge a i ʻole Supermicro/Lenovo MegaRAID i ka hoʻomaka ʻana "Foreign configuration(s) found on adapter", e hahai i kēia papa helu hōʻoia 3-step surgical:

KaʻAnuʻu Hana 1: E nānā i nā LED Drive kino a me ke kūlana Spin-Up mua¶

Ma mua o kou komo ʻana i ka papa kuhikuhi BIOS, e hele i mua o ka chassis server (a i ʻole e wehe ** Dell iDRAC -> Storage -> Physical Disks**) a helu i nā LED drive bay: - ** No ke aha i lilo ai ka laha Foreign ma ka mua?** - Inā ua hoʻololi wale ʻoe i kahi kāleka PERC/MegaRAID make (a i ʻole hoʻoneʻe i nā pahu āpau i kahi chassis server kaʻawale), ʻike Foreign ma a pau holo he 100 pakeneka maʻamau a manaʻo ʻia. - Eia naʻe, inā ʻaʻole ʻoe i hoʻololi i ka kāleka RAID a hoʻomaka hou ke kikowaena "Foreign configuration found", 'o ia ho'i ua ho'oku'u 'ia nā pahu he nui i waho i ka manawa like, ma muli o kahi SAS Mini-SAS HD (SFF-8643 / SFF-8654) backplane uwea, ka hāʻule ʻana o ka mana hoʻolako backplane rail, a i ʻole ʻelua mau kaʻa kahiko e pā ana i nā ʻāpana ʻino i ka manawa like. - Inā ʻeleʻele loa kahi LED kaʻa kaʻa (ʻaʻole e wili i luna): E hoʻokuʻu i ke kikowaena, e wehe i ka pahu pahu, e kali 30 kekona, e hoʻopaʻa paʻa i ka caddy a nānā i nā kaula uila SAS backplane / data, a hoʻi i ka mana no laila e ʻike ʻia nā disk kino āpau ma mua o kou nānā ʻana i ka lawe ʻana mai.

KaʻAnuʻu Hana 2: wehe i ka "Foreign Configuration Preview" Screen (Mai lawe makapō)¶

1. E hoʻomaka i ke kikowaena a kaomi F2 (System Setup) ma Dell PowerEdge 13G / 14G / 15G / 16G nā kikowaena (a i ʻole Ctrl+R ma mua 11G / 12G nā kikowaena BIOS).
2. E hoʻokele i Device Settings -> [Your Dell PERC / MegaRAID Controller] -> Main Menu -> Configuration Management -> Manage Foreign Configuration -> Preview Foreign Configuration.
3. ʻO kahi koho, inā hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻopaʻa i kahi USB hoʻopakele Linux ola a i ʻole e hoʻopili ma o SSH/OS, e nānā pono i ka ʻike mai ka laina kauoha me ka hoʻohana ʻana. perccli a i ʻole storcli:

   # Show all detected Foreign Configurations and whether Virtual Disks are complete:
   perccli /c0/fall show all
   # Or on standard Broadcom MegaRAID:
   storcli /c0/fall show preview
   

4. E heluhelu pono i ka Preview Screen:
5. E nānā i ka Virtual Disk (VD 0) kūlana i loko o ka Haole Preview: Ua ʻōlelo ʻia Optimal (nā kaʻa holo a pau) a i ʻole Degraded (e laʻa, 5 o 6 mau kaʻa i loaʻa ma RAID 5, a i ʻole 6 o 8 mau kaʻa i loaʻa ma RAID 6)?
6. ** Rula:** Inā hōʻike ka ʻĀina Haole e lawe ʻia ka Disk Virtual e like me Optimal aiʻole Degraded (Mountable), palekana ke hoʻomau i ka ʻanuʻu 3.
7. Ke Kūlana Kūlana: Inā ʻōlelo ka Hōʻikeʻike haole Offline / Incomplete no ka mea, ʻaʻole nalo ka lua drive mai kahi RAID 5 (a i ʻole ʻekolu mai kahi RAID 6), STOP: Mai kaomi i ka Import. ʻO ka lawe ʻana mai i ka wā e nalowale ana nā drive he nui e hoʻokomo i kahi laha haʻihaʻi, unmountable a haʻalele paha i nā pahu i nalowale. E hoʻopau i ke kikowaena a e noʻonoʻo i ke kumu ʻaʻole e wili mua nā disks kino i ka hope.

KaʻAnuʻu Hana 3: Hoʻokō Import Foreign Configuration¶

1. Ke hōʻoia ka ʻaoʻao Preview i ka piha ʻana o ka Virtual Disk (a i ʻole ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia ʻana), kaomi Import Foreign Configuration a hōʻoia i ka wikiwiki (a i ʻole holo perccli /c0/fall import / storcli /c0/fall import).
2. I loko o 3 a 5 kekona, heluhelu ka mea hoʻoponopono i ka DDF metadata mai nā diski kino, kākau i ka palapala ʻāina i loko o ka NVRAM o ka mea hoʻoponopono, hoʻololi i nā drive mai Foreign hoʻi i Online, a lawe mai i ka Virtual Disk Optimal (a i ʻole Degraded, mākaukau no kahi hoʻihoʻi koke).
3. Hoʻomaka hou i ke kikowaena; kāu ʻōnaehana hana (VMware ESXi, Windows Server, Proxmox / Linux) e holo pololei mai ka leo paʻa ʻole me ka nalowale hoʻokahi byte.

Playbook 2: He aha inā inā ua kaomi kekahi iā "Clear Foreign Configuration" (a i ʻole ka NVRAM + DDF metadata i holoi ʻia)?¶

Pehea inā hoʻomaka ka ʻenehana ʻōpio i ka hola 2:00, ʻike "Foreign configuration found", kaomi Clear Foreign Configuration (ka holoi ʻana i ka DDF ʻO ka metadata RAID mai nā disks no laila ke ʻōlelo nei kēlā me kēia kaʻa Unconfigured Good), a ua nalowale kāu Disk Virtual holoʻokoʻa?

Mai haʻalele; paʻa mau kāu ʻikepili i ka 100 pakeneka ma nā pā. Kaomi Clear Foreign Configuration holoi wale i ka mea liilii DDF ʻāpana hoʻonohonoho ma ka hope loa o nā disks; ʻaʻole ** hoʻopā i nā kaha ʻikepili mea hoʻohana (LBA 0 ma ka hopena o kāu ʻāpana).

Eia naʻe, ** hoʻokahi hana hewa i ka wā o ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana e luku i nā mea āpau **. Eia ka protocol hoʻihoʻi ʻikepili ʻoihana pololei i ka wā i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ai kahi config RAID hardware.

Ke Kaʻina Hana 1 (Paʻa loa - 100% Zero Risk to Original Disks): Hoʻoponopono hou ma o ka HBA Heluhelu wale nō + R-Studio / UFS Explorer / mdadm¶

ʻO nā ʻenekini hoʻolaʻa ʻikepili ʻoihana ʻaʻole loa hoʻokolohua me ka "Hana hou i ka array" ma nā disks hana ola i loko o ka RAID controller BIOS inā ʻaʻole lākou 100 pakeneka o ke kauoha kaʻa pololei, ka nui o ka stripe (64 KB, 128 KB, 256 KB), a me ka hoʻololi parity (Left Asymmetric vs Left Symmetric). 1. E hoʻokuʻu i ke kikowaena a wehe i nā drive helu. 2. Hoʻohui i nā drive i kahi hale hana i lako me kahi ** non-RAID SAS Host Bus Adapter (HBA, e like me ka LSI 9207-8i / 9300-8i ʻālohilohi i IT-Mode Initiator-Target passthrough firmware)** no laila, ʻike pono ka ʻōnaehana hana i kēlā me kēia disk me ka ʻole o ka RAID BIOS e hoʻopilikia. 3. E wehe i UFS Explorer RAID Recovery a i ʻole R-Studio Technician: - Ua kūkulu ʻia nā mea hana ʻelua i Dell PERC, LSI MegaRAID, a me HPE Smart Array Heuristic Stripe-Order Detectors nāna e nānā i nā ʻāpana maka, e ʻike koke i ke kauoha kaʻa pololei, 64 KB / 256 KB ka nui o ka poloka kaha, ka hoololi like, a me DDF e hoʻomaka i ka offset ma ka hoʻomanaʻo heluhelu wale nō, a e ʻae iā ʻoe ** kope i kāu .vhdx, .vmdk, nā waihona SQL, a me nā faila ma waho o ka hui virtualized i kahi NAS ** me ke kākau ʻole i hoʻokahi byte i nā drive SAS kumu.

Ke Kaʻina Hana 2 (Ka "Re-Create Virtual Disk WITH NO INITIALIZATION" Hardware Trick - I ka manawa wale nō e ʻike ʻia ai ka 100% o nā ʻāpana)¶

Inā ʻaʻohe āu IT-Mode HBA a ua ʻike ʻoe me ka 100 pakeneka ʻoiaʻiʻo ka hoʻonohonoho mua ʻana o ka pūʻulu Dell PERC / LSI MegaRAID (mai kahi i lawe ʻia i waho. iDRAC TSR [Hōʻike kākoʻo ʻenehana] moʻo a kūkulu paha i ka pepa: kauoha pololei ʻo Physical Disk bay, pae RAID, ka nui o ka Stripe Element [e.g., 64 KB ma PERC H730 a i ʻole 256 KB ma H740P], a me ke kulekele heluhelu/kākau): 1. Ma ka pono MegaRAID / PERC BIOS, wehe Create New Virtual Disk. 2. E koho i ka Level RAID like, nā Disks Physical like pono ** ma ke kaʻina like pono**, a me ka nui o ka Stripe like (64 KB / 256 KB). 3. KE OLA-A I OLE KA MAKE: Ma lalo o ka Initialization pahu hāʻule iho, e hōʻoia ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia i NO INITIALIZATION (Haʻalele iā No / None; AOLE koho Fast Initialize a i ʻole Full Initialize). 4. Ke hana ʻoe i kahi Disk Virtual ma kahi mea hoʻokele LSI/PERC me Initialization = No, kākau ka mea hoʻoponopono i kahi mea hou DDF metadata poʻomanaʻo i loko o nā ʻāpana i mālama ʻia ma ka hope o nā disks aʻo ** waiho ʻia 100 pakeneka o nā poloka ʻikepili mea hoʻohana i hoʻopaʻa ʻole ʻia . 5. E hoʻomaka i kahi ** Heluhelu wale nō Linux Live USB (SystemRescue) mua a holo lsblk -f a i ʻole fdisk -l: ina kou NTFS, VMFS, a i ʻole XFS Hōʻike koke ʻia nā ʻāpana me kā lākou mau failasystem lepili paʻa, ua kūlike ke ʻano geometry. (E hoʻomaopopo: Mai hoʻomaka * ʻaʻole * e hoʻomaka i kahi nānā ʻo Parity Consistency Check a hiki i kou kākoʻo ʻana i nā ʻikepili koʻikoʻi a pau, no ka mea inā ʻoe i kuhi hewa ʻole ka nui o ka laina a i ʻole ke kauoha hoʻokele, e hoʻopau ka Consistency Check i nā poloka ʻikepili maikaʻi me ka parity maikaʻi ʻole.)

Playbook 3: Ka lawelawe ʻana i nā "Multiple Drive Failures" ma RAID 5 / RAID 6 a me ka "Punctured Stripe" Trap¶

He aha inā inā paʻa loa kāu 6-drive RAID 5 array Offline / Dead no ka mea ** Ua hāʻule ka Drive 2 i ʻekolu mahina i hala** (a ʻaʻohe mea i ʻike no ka mea ʻaʻole i hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā leka uila) a ** hoʻomaka ʻo Drive 4 e hoʻolei i nā Hapa Media (Bad Blocks / Sense Code 03/11/00) i kēia kakahiaka**?

ʻO ka palekana 4-Step Rescue no kahi Multi-Drive Dropped RAID Array:¶

1. E hoʻokuʻu aku i ka TTY / Event Log (perccli /c0 show termlog a i ʻole iDRAC TSR) MUA:
2. Ma mua o ka hoʻopā ʻana i kekahi mokuʻāina kaʻa, e heluhelu i ka log terminal firmware kūloko o ka mea hoʻoponopono (termlog). E nānā i nā kaha manawa pololei i ka wā i hoʻololi ʻia ai kēlā me kēia kaʻa mai Online i Failed a i ʻole Foreign.
3. ** Rula Nui:** He 99.999% ka ʻikepili hou o ka huakaʻi i hāʻule i waho o ka pūnaewele LAST (nā mea hou loa, e laʻa. ʻO ka huakaʻi i make i nā pule a i ʻole mau mahina i hala aku nei (Stale Drive) pono e noho ma waho o ka array.
4. ** Hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka "Hoʻokuʻu Hou Loa" ʻaʻole i hoʻohana ʻia i kahi Disk Blank Healthy ddrescue (Ma o ka IT-Mode HBA):**
5. No ka mea, ua haʻalele ka huakaʻi i 10 mau minuke aku nei ma muli o ka liʻiliʻi o nā ʻāpana hewa hiki ʻole ke heluhelu ʻia (UREs), ʻo ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka hoʻokele kino ma ka pūnaewele i loko o ka kāleka RAID a me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e holo i kahi kūkulu hou RAID 14-hola e ʻeha ai kāna poʻo heluhelu a make loa ma hope o 20 mau minuke.
6. Akā, e hoʻopili i kēlā kaʻa holo ʻole (a me nā mea hoʻokele lālā ola ʻē aʻe) i kahi RAID ʻole IT-Mode SAS HBA a hoʻohana GNU ddrescue (ddrescue -d -r1 /dev/sdX drive4_clone.img drive4.map) e kiʻi i ka 99.9999% o kāna mau ʻāpana hiki ke heluhelu ʻia ma kahi kaʻa maikaʻi a i ʻole faila kiʻi, e lele mālie ana ma luna o nā 3 a i ʻole 4 mau ʻāpana ʻino me ka ʻole o ka hāʻule ʻana o ka hui poʻo.
7. E kau i ka Cloned Array ma ke ʻano heluhelu-wale a kope i ka ʻikepili koʻikoʻi ma mua o ke kūkulu hou ʻana:
8. I ka manawa e hoʻopaʻa ʻia ai ka drive hemahema (a i ʻole ke koi ʻana i ka drive i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i ka pūnaewele ma ka BIOS controller), ** kau i ka leo OS ma ke ʻano Heluhelu wale nō ** (mount -o ro,norecovery) a e haʻalele i kāu ʻikepili koʻikoʻi loa, .vhdx/.vmdk nā faila, a me nā kaʻana moʻohelu kālā i kahi NAS waho ** koke **.
9. Pehea e holoi ai i kahi "Punctured Array" Ma hope o ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i kāu ʻikepili:
10. I ka manawa i loaʻa i kahi Dell PERC a i ʻole LSI MegaRAID Virtual Disk kahi ** Punctured Stripe ** (i hōʻike ʻia ma ka log control e Patrol Read can't fix bad block a i ʻole Strip is punctured), ** ʻaʻohe nui o ka hoʻololi ʻana a i ʻole ka holo ʻana i nā loiloi kūlike e wehe i ka hae puncture mai ka Virtual Disk **.
11. Ma hope o kou hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ka 100 pakeneka o kāu mau faila/VM mai ka ʻaoʻao punctured: pono ʻoe ** Holoi i ka Virtual Disk **, Full-Initialize a brand-new Virtual Disk ma nā drive olakino, hana hou i ka datastore / partition, a hoʻihoʻi i kāu ʻikepili mai ka waihona.

Nā helu ulia pōpilikia āpana a me nā protocols oihana¶

Nīnau pinepine¶

He aha ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o "Import Foreign Configuration" a me "Clear Foreign Configuration" ma Dell PERC / MegaRAID?¶

E noʻonoʻo i ka `Foreign` e like me ka mea hoʻoponopono RAID e nīnau ana: "ʻO ka hoʻonohonoho RAID i kākau ʻia ma kēia mau paʻakikī paʻakikī ʻaʻole i kūlike me ka hoʻomanaʻo kūloko o kaʻu kāleka; ʻo wai ka ʻoiaʻiʻo?" `Import Foreign Configuration` haʻi i ka mea hoʻoponopono: "ʻO ka paʻa paʻa paʻa i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo. E kope i ka hoʻonohonoho RAID MAI nā pahu paʻa i loko o ke kāleka hoʻokele a kau i kaʻu leo ​​me ka holoi ʻole ʻana i kekahi mea." Hoʻohana `Import` i kēlā me kēia manawa āu i hoʻololi ai i kahi kāleka RAID make, hoʻoneʻe i kāu mau kaʻa āpau i kahi kikowaena hou, a i ʻole he mana / backplane glitch kīkēkē i kāu laina ma waho. `Clear Foreign Configuration` haʻi i ka mea hoʻoponopono: "E holoi i ka metadata RAID mai kēlā mau kaʻa haole a hoʻohuli iā lākou i blank `Unconfigured Good` disks." Hoʻohana `Clear` WALE i ka wā e paheʻe ai ʻoe i kahi kaʻa kaʻa hoʻohana hoʻokahi (huki ʻia mai kahi kikowaena hoʻomaha kahiko) i loko o kahi kikowaena holo olakino a makemake ʻoe e holoi i ka metadata kahiko o kēlā kaʻa kaʻa hoʻokahi i hiki iā ia ke kūkulu hou ma ke ʻano he mea wela.

Hiki iaʻu ke huki i kaʻu mau pahu SAS/SATA a pau mai kahi Dell PowerEdge R740 make (me ka motherboard make) a hoʻopili iā lākou i kahi Dell PowerEdge R730 a i ʻole R750 e hoʻopaʻa koke i kaʻu kikowaena?¶

ʻAe. Kapa ʻia kēia ʻo Disk Roaming a i ʻole Array Migration, a me SNIA `DDF` (Disk Data Format) hiki i ka metadata ke hilinaʻi ma waena o Dell PERC (`H330`, `H730`, `H740P`, `H755`) a me nā mea hoʻoponopono Broadcom MegaRAID, inā ʻoe e hahai i nā lula ʻekolu: (1) E lepili i kēlā me kēia pahu kaʻa kaʻa me kāna helu bay pololei (`Bay 0` ma o `Bay N`) a hoʻokomo iā lākou i loko o ke kikowaena pani ma ke kauoha like; (2) E hōʻoia i ka manaʻo nui like a i ʻole ka mana hou aʻe a kākoʻo i ka pae RAID i hoʻohana ʻia; a (3) I ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ka server pani, e komo i ka PERC BIOS, e nānā i ka Configuration Foreign, a koho `Import Foreign Configuration`.

No ke aha i hōʻike ʻia ai ka HPE Smart Array "1785 - Slot 0 Drive Array Not Configured" ma POST, a no ke aha ke kaomi ʻana F2 mea make?¶

Ma Hewlett Packard Enterprise (`HPE`) Nā kikowaena ProLiant me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hoʻokele Smart Array, inā ʻaʻole i ʻoluʻolu ke kaula uila SAS backplane a lōʻihi paha ka lōʻihi o ka pahu kaʻa e wili ai i ka pahu, e hōʻike ka mea hoʻoponopono i kahi leka POST e like me `1785 - Drive Array Not Configured` a i ʻole `1789 - Disk Drive(s) Respond` ukali ʻia e nā koho like `Press F1 to continue` a i ʻole `Press F2 to accept data loss and re-enable logical drive`. Mai paʻi `F2` me ka heluhelu ʻole ʻana i ka ʻōkuhi pololei: ma kekahi mau hanauna firmware Smart Array, kaomi `F2` ke haʻi aku i ka mea hoʻokele e ʻae i ka nalowale mau o ka leo nalo a i ʻole e hoʻomaka hou i ka metadata drive logical. Akā, e hoʻohaʻahaʻa koke i ka mana, e hoʻoponopono i ke kaula SAS a i ʻole ka mana o waho no laila e wili pū nā drive āpau, a hoʻomaka hou.

Hiki iaʻu ke lawe i hoʻokahi kaʻa ma waho o kahi Hardware RAID 5 a i ʻole RAID 10 array, e hoʻopili iā ia i kahi pahu USB-to-SATA ma kaʻu Windows PC, a kope i kaʻu mau faila mai ia mea?¶

No RAID 5, RAID 6, RAID 0, a i ʻole RAID 10 (me 4+ drive): ʻAʻole.`64 KB` i `256 KB`) ua ʻoki ʻia i loko o nā lipine liʻiliʻi 64-kilobyte ma nā kaʻa a pau i ka manawa like, i hoʻopili ʻia me nā poloka parity XOR. ʻO ka hoʻopili ʻana i kahi kaʻa RAID 5 hoʻokahi i kahi Windows PC e hōʻike i kahi ʻāpana hiki ʻole ke heluhelu ʻia, a inā ʻoe e kaomi maʻamau i ka Windows Disk Management's "Initialize Disk (`MBR/GPT`)" popup ma kēlā kaʻa hoʻokahi, e kākau hou ʻoe i nā ʻāpana mua o Stripe 0. (ʻO ka ʻokoʻa wale nō he 2-drive RAID 1 Mirror: ma kahi aniani 2-drive RAID 1 maʻalahi, aia kēlā me kēia disk i kahi kope laina piha o ka leo a hiki ke kau ʻia i ka heluhelu-wale ma ke awa SATA / SAS non-RAID, ʻoiai ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e hoʻihoʻi i waho o ke aniani inā ʻoe e hoʻolālā.

Ua paʻa kaʻu RAID 5 rebuild ma 47% a ʻaʻole i pane iki ka server. Pono au e hoʻomaka hou i ke kikowaena a hoʻopau paha i ke kūkulu hou ʻana?¶

ʻO ka mea mua, mai hoʻopaʻa paʻakikī i ka kikowaena inā e ʻā ana nā LED hana hoʻokele. Ke hoʻolōʻihi nei kahi lako RAID 5 a i ʻole RAID 6 e kūkulu hou i kahi kolo (e like me ka hāʻule ʻana mai 150 MB/sec i 0.5 MB/sec ma 47 pakeneka), ʻaneʻane ʻo ia hoʻi ke ʻano o kekahi o nā kumu e ola nei ua paʻi i kahi ʻāpana o nā ʻāpana magnetic nāwaliwali / hoʻohaʻahaʻa a ke hoʻolilo nei i 8 kekona no kēlā me kēia ʻāpana e hana ana i ka ERC kūloko (`Error Recovery Control`) heluhelu hou. ʻOiai hiki iā ʻoe ke komo i ka leo i kau ʻia ma luna o ka pūnaewele (ʻoiai inā he lohi ia), e kope koke i kāu waihona waihona koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi, nā faila kālā, a me nā config VM mai ka server i kahi kaʻa NAS a i ʻole USB i kēia manawa, no ka mea, inā hāʻawi ʻia kēlā kumu hoʻokūkū paʻakikī ma mua o ka hiki ʻana i ka 100 pakeneka, e hoʻopau ke kūkulu hou ʻana a hele ka leo ma waho.

Nā alakaʻi pili¶

• Ua hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia ka pūʻulu NAS RAID, ka hemahema o nā kaʻa he nui, a me ka hoʻihoʻi ZFS/Btrfs
• Mīkini maʻamau VMDK, VHDX, a me QCOW2 kaulahao paʻi kiʻi palaho
• ʻAʻole paʻa ka paʻakikī a me ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ka ʻikepili
• ʻO SSD NVMe ke ʻano heluhelu-wale nō, 0% mau poloka, a me TRIM hoʻopakele hoʻopakele

Nā kumu a me ke alakaʻi kūhelu¶

• Hui Pūnaehana Pūnaewele Pūnaewele (SNIA): * Hōʻike ʻikepili disk RAID maʻamau (DDF) Hōʻikeʻike loea (Version 2.0)*, hoʻohālikelike i nā metadata hoʻonohonoho ma-disk (COD) a me ka hoʻokomo ʻia ʻana o nā haole ma waena o nā mea hoʻokele RAID ʻoihana.
• Dell Technologies Enterprise Engineering Documentation: Dell PowerEdge RAID Controller (PERC 9 / 10 / 11 / 12) Ke alakaʻi o ka mea hoʻohana: Managing Configuration Foreign, Preserved Cache (Pinned Cache), a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā kaha RAID Punctured (SLN156890 / 000139251).
• Broadcom Inc. (LSI / Avago ma mua): MegaRAID SAS Mea Hoʻohana Mea Hoʻohana Pūnaewele a StorCLI Palapala Kuhikuhi (/cX/fall show preview a /cX/fall import Kauoha Hoonohonoho Haole).
• Hewlett Packard Enterprise (HPE): HPE Smart Array SR Gen10 / Gen11 Ke alakaʻi hoʻohana a me ke alakaʻi hoʻoponopono pilikia (Māhele ʻIke i mālama ʻia. RIS Metadata a me POST Hepa Code 1785 i 1799).
• National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST): Ka Hoʻolaha Kūikawā 800-209 (Nā Kūlana Palekana no ka ʻOihana Hoʻomoe) a me SP 800-88 Rev. 1 (Nā Kūlana no ka Hoʻomaʻemaʻe Media).