Hoʻopiʻi ʻia ʻo Needle Spiking a i ʻole ka inu ʻana ma kahi pā a i ʻole Club: ʻO ka 12-Hour GHB Urine Test Window and Safe Buddy Extraction¶

ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o ka noʻonoʻo hikiwawe ʻole i wehewehe ʻia, ka maʻi lolo kaumaha, ka ʻike ʻana i ka tunnel, ka ʻōlelo ʻino, a i ʻole ka ʻike ʻana i ka pinprick ʻoi i loko o kahi pā lehulehu, hale pō, ʻahaʻaina, a i ʻole ʻahaʻaina hale ma hope o ka ʻai ʻana i ka ʻona liʻiliʻi a ʻaʻole ʻole he lāʻau lapaʻau koʻikoʻi a palekana pilikino. Inā hoʻoheheʻe ka mea hana hewa i kahi mea hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻole o ka puʻuhonua waena i loko o ke aniani mālama ʻole ʻia a hoʻohana paha i kahi nila hypodermic maikaʻi a i ʻole peni insulin i loko o kahi pahu hulahula i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka papahele hula, e hoʻomaka ana nā pōʻino mua ʻelua i ka manawa hoʻokahi: ke kaumaha o ka hanu wikiwiki a i ʻole ka manaʻo inā nalowale ka mea i ʻike ʻia, a me ka lawe pio ʻana e ka mea pepehi kanaka i hāʻawi ʻia ma ke ʻano he kanaka hoʻopio. kaʻa a kaʻa kaʻa paha. I nā kekona he kanaono mua i ʻike ai ʻoe a i ʻole kekahi hoaaloha i ka ʻona nui ʻole a ʻike paha i kahi ʻeha hou ma ka lima, ka poʻohiwi, ke kua lalo, a i ʻole ka ʻūhā, hoʻopaʻa i kahi hoa hilinaʻi, hōʻole e hele i waho i kahi kaʻa pōʻeleʻele a i ʻole ke ala me kekahi malihini, hoʻokele makaʻala a me ka palekana puka laikini, e kāhea koke i kou wahi. helu pilikia ina ua lohi ka hanu a i ole ka ike ana, a e ninau i ko makou inu spiking a me ka lā rape lāʻau triage alakaʻi, ko makou hoʻolei ʻia ka ʻāʻī syringe a me ke alakaʻi ʻana i ke koko pathogen PEP, a me kā mākou ka puka ʻana i kahi lā ʻino i alakaʻi palekana.

Hoʻomaopopo ka poʻe toxicologists forensic ma ka Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Laboratory, ka United Kingdom Forensic Science Regulator, a me ka Society of Forensic Toxicologists (SOFT) i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo maoli e pono e hoʻomaopopo i kēlā me kēia poʻe kiaʻi a me nā mea e kū nei: nā mea hana wikiwiki e like me gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) 1,4-butanediol (1,4-BD) ua hoʻololi ʻia e ke akepaʻa i carbon dioxide a me ka wai me ka wikiwiki a nalowale lākou mai ke koko o ke kanaka i loko o 4 a 8 hola a lilo i mea ʻike ʻole ʻia i loko o ka mimi i loko o 10 a 12 hola ma hope o ka ʻai ʻana. Inā kali ka mea pōʻino a hiki i ka ʻauinalā aʻe e kipa i ke keʻena kino, a i ʻole e hoʻolei i kāna mimi mua i ka pō ma mua o ka hōʻea ʻana i kahi keʻena ulia pōpilikia, nalowale mau loa ka hōʻike forensic o ka hoʻouna kemika. Ke ʻike nei i ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka hoʻopaʻa lima hoa, mālama i ke aniani mea inu i manaʻo ʻia, hopu i ka hōʻailona mimi mua loa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o kahi pahu i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma mua o ka pani ʻana o ka puka aniani metabolic 12-hola, a hoʻomaka i ka uaki ma hope o ka uaki ʻo HIV post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP)** 72-hola ma hope o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻana o ka nila a me ka puncture e pale i kou ola.

E hana i kēia i kēia manawa¶

1. ** E hoʻopaʻa kino iā ʻoe iho i kahi hoaaloha hilinaʻi a neʻe koke i kahi wahi palekana i hoʻomālamalama ʻia e nā limahana i loko o ke keʻena. ka papa helu nui, ke keʻena o ka luna hoʻonohonoho, ka hale lole ola kino, a i ʻole ka podium palekana mua kahi i loaʻa ai nā kiʻi kiʻi kiʻekiʻe CCTV a me nā limahana ʻaʻahu. Mai hoʻi hoʻokahi i loko o kahi lumi hoʻomaha i pani ʻia kahi e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hele ma waho o ka puka paʻa i hiki ʻole i nā mea lapaʻau.
2. **Paʻa i kekahi malihini, kamaaina hou, a i ʻole ka mea i hōʻoia ʻole ʻia mai ka "kōkua" i ka lawe ʻana a i ʻole ke alakaʻi ʻana i ka mea i hoʻopilikia ʻia ma waho. puka. E hoʻopaʻa i kahi palena waha a me ke kino a puni kāu hoaaloha, e haʻi i ka palekana o ke keʻena inā e lele ana a koi paha kekahi e lawe i ka mea i hōʻeha ʻia i ke kaʻa, a mai ʻae i ka mea i hōʻeha ʻia e haʻalele i ke keʻena koe wale nō me nā hoaaloha i loko o ka pōʻai a i ʻole nā ​​​​kauka kaʻa kaʻa like ʻole.
3. **E kelepona koke iā 911, 112, a i ʻole 999 inā hōʻike ke kanaka i nā haumāna kikoʻī a paʻa paha, hoʻolohi a hoʻohu ʻana paha, ka ʻili anuanu, ka luaʻi ʻana i ka hiamoe ʻana, a i ʻole hiki ʻole ke makaala. hoʻohaʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. E kau i ka mea hiamoe a luaʻi paha ma ko lākou ʻaoʻao ma ka kūlana hoʻihoʻi ma ka ʻaoʻao hema me ka hili iki ʻana o ko lākou ʻauwae i mua no laila e kahe ka luaʻi ma waho o ka waha ma mua o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i loko o ka māmā, a nānā i kēlā me kēia hanu a hiki i ka poʻe lapaʻau.
4. Hopu a sila i ka laana mimi mua loa ina aole hiki ke hoao ia oe e ka haukapila a i ole na makai i loko o 60 mau minuke. No ka mea, ua hemo ka GHB mai ke koko ma 6 a 8 mau hora a mai ka ohe i loko o 12 mau hola keu, ua pa'a kou mimi mua ma hope o ka 'ike 'ia** i ka mana'o ki'eki'e loa o ka lā'au makua a me kona mau metabolites. Inā e kali ana ʻoe ma kahi laina hoʻokolokolo lōʻihi o ka haukapila a ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hele koke i kahi mea nānā forensic hoʻomāinoino kolohe, e mimi pololei i loko o kahi ipu aniani maʻemaʻe maloʻo a i ʻole ke kīʻaha ʻilika i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, e kākau i ka lā a me ka manawa pololei ma ka poʻi, a mālama i loko o ka pahu hau ma 4 degere Celsius (39 degere Fahrenheit) e hāʻawi aku i nā luna kānāwai.
5. **E nānā i ka ʻili no kahi hōʻailona ʻoi loa inā ʻike ʻoe i kahi ʻoki ʻoi loa i loko o kahi lehulehu, a hoʻomaka i ka 72-hola pathogen pathogen PEP. a me kahi wahi pulu liʻiliʻi a i ʻole nā waimaka ma kou pālule. Holoi mālie i ka ʻili me ke kopa a me ka wai kahe (mai ʻomi, omo, a holoi ʻole i ka ʻeha maʻi me ka bleach), pōʻai i ke kiko me ka peni i hiki i ke kauka pilikia ke ʻimi iā ia i ka wā e pau ai ka pehu, a noi iā HIV Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) a me kahi Hepatitis B booster a i ʻole 4 mau hola i loko o ka Oihana Hoʻonaʻauao immunoglobulin.
6. **Mālama i ke aniani inu wai a noi koke i ka hōʻailona manawa CCTV mai ka luna hoʻonohonoho. E uhi i ka piko o ke aniani me ka napkin a i ʻole ka ʻeke, e hāʻawi pololei i ka luna bar a i ʻole ka mākaʻi pane ʻoiai e kau ana i ka napkin ma kou manamana lima no ka mālama ʻana i nā manamana lima huna ma ka ʻaoʻao o waho, a kākau iho i ka bar register wahi, timestamp, a me ka wehewehe kino o kēlā me kēia i kū kokoke i kāu papaʻaina a hāʻawi i mea inu iā ʻoe i hiki i nā mākaʻi ke hoʻopaʻa i ke kahua ma mua o ka 7-day hard-drive. nā pōʻaiapuni e holoi iā ia.

Ka lāʻau hoʻoholo: ʻO ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka pō, ka mālama ʻana i nā specimen, a me ka unuhi ʻana¶

E hoʻohana i kēia lāʻau hoʻoholo lāʻau lapaʻau i kēlā me kēia ʻanuʻu mai ka manawa mua i manaʻo ai ʻoe a i ʻole kekahi hoaaloha e inu i ka spiking a i ʻole ka nila.

flowchart TD
    Start["ʻO ke ʻano ʻino ʻole ʻole, ʻōlelo ʻinoʻino, nalowale kaʻa, a i ʻole Pinprick ʻoi ma ka Bar / Club"] --> ImmediateAnchor["1. LAKA KOE I KA HOA ILIIA: - E hopu i ka lima o ka hoa a olelo aku: 'Mana'o au ua wili ia' - Mai hele wale i loko o ka hale lua i pa'a wale 'ia - E ne'e i ke keena hoomalu malamalama, ka pahu nui, a i ole ke keena lapaau."]

    ImmediateAnchor --> StrangerBlock{"2. Ke ho'āʻo nei ka malihini, ka lā hou, a i ʻole ka mea e kū ana e hele a lawe paha i ka mea i pepehi ʻia ma waho?"}

    StrangerBlock -->|"ʻAe: Ke koi nei kekahi e 'lawe iā lākou i kaʻu kaʻa / Uber'"| AlertBouncers["INTERCEPT & ALERT DOOR SECURITY: - Hōʻole i nā kōkua āpau mai nā malihini a i ʻole nā ​​mea kamaʻāina hou loa - Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā bouncer laikini / ID i kēlā me kēia kanaka a hoʻopaʻa i ka leka manawa CCTV"]

    StrangerBlock -->|"ʻAʻole: Hoʻopuni ʻia e nā hoa hilinaʻi i hōʻoia ʻia"| AirwayCheck{"3. E nānā i nā ABC (Airway, Breathing, Consciousness): He luaʻi paha ka mea i pepehi ʻia, paʻakikī ke ala, a i ʻole ka hanu ʻana < 10 manawa/min?"}

    AlertBouncers --> AirwayCheck

    AirwayCheck -->|"ʻAe: Hae ʻulaʻula CNS / ʻO ke kaumaha o ka hanu"| CallEMS["KELE KĀWAI IA 911 / 112 / 999: - E kau i ka mea pepehi kanaka ma ka ʻaoʻao hema (kūlana hoʻihoʻi) - E hāmama ke ala ea, e hoʻoemi iki i ka ʻauwae - E mālama i ke aniani inu waiʻona no nā mākaʻi - Lawe ʻia ma ke kaʻa kaʻa i ka Oihana Emergency"]

    AirwayCheck -->|"ʻAʻole: Ala a me ka hanu maʻamau, akā nalo / huikau"| ExposureType{"4. Ua manaʻo ʻia he maʻi nila a he ʻili paha i loko o ka lehulehu?"}

    ExposureType -->|"ʻAe: Manaʻo ʻia ʻo Needle Spiking"| NeedleProtocol["NEEDLE SPIKING TRIAGE (HELE I KA ER WITHIN 2-12 HOUR): - Holoi malie me ke kopa a me ka wai (mai kaomi i ka wai) - Poai ka hoailona poka me ka peni a me ke ki'i me ka unahi - Mālama i na lole i komo ma ke kahua o ke poka - Noi i ka HIV PEP (< 72h), Hep B prophylaxis, & Forensic Tox Panel"]

    ExposureType -->|"ʻAʻole: Hoʻopiʻi ʻia ka inu ʻana"| UrineWindow["5. E UKU I KA 12 HOUR GHB METABOLIC CLOCK: - Noi koke i na Makai / SANE Drug-Facilitated Forensic Kit - Inā lohi ma ER a home paha, hopu mua loa i ka URINE VOID i loko o ka pahu maʻemaʻe i hoʻopaʻa ʻia & refrigerate ma 4C (39F) - Demand To GCMS-MS / LCc-ʻole wale nō. lāʻau lāʻau)"]

    NeedleProtocol --> UrineWindow

Forensic metabolic elimination windows: No ke aha e haʻalele ai nā pale lāʻau ER maʻamau i nā mea spiking¶

ʻO ka manaʻo kuhi hewa ʻole i waena o nā maʻi ʻo ia ka "screen drug screen" maʻamau i kauoha ʻia i loko o ka Emergency Department e ʻike maʻalahi inā ua piʻi ka inu. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ke kīʻaha immunoassay no ka haukapila maʻamau no ka ʻelima a ʻehiku mau papa maʻamau (amphetamines, cocaine, cannabis, opiates, phencyclidine, a me benzodiazepines kumu). **Holo loa iā GHB, GBL, 1,4-butanediol, ketamine, zolpidem, scopolamine, clonidine, tetrahydrozoline (imidazolines hāʻule maka), a me ka flunitrazepam haʻahaʻa.

No ka ʻike ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau a me ka lā-rape i hiki ʻole, pono e hōʻiliʻili ʻia kahi hōʻike koko a me ka mimi i loko o ka puka aniani haiki a nānā ʻia ma o Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) a i ʻole Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) ma o ka forensic toxicology laboratories (DFC) kit Crime-Facilita.

Pehea e hōʻiliʻili ai a mālama i kahi hōʻailona mimi "First-Void" ma mua o ka pau ʻana o ka uaki GHB 12-hola¶

Wahi a ka United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) Guidelines for the Forensic Analysis of Drugs Facilitating Sexual Assault and Other Criminal Acts a me ka UK Faculty of Forensic & Legal Medicine (FFLM), ʻo ka mea pale nui loa i ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i ka inu a me ka spiking needle ʻo ka lohi ma waena o ka hanana a me ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ka urine ma hope o 01:00. I kēlā me kēia manawa āu e mimi ai i ka pō, holoi ʻoe i ka lāʻau makua metabolizing ma lalo o ka lua.

Inā manaʻo ʻoe ua spike ʻia ʻoe a ke kali nei ʻoe i loko o kahi keʻena hoʻāʻo ʻo Emergency Department, e kali ana i nā mākaʻi, a i ʻole ke ola hou ʻana ma ka home ma mua o kou hele ʻana i ka haukapila:

1. Mai holoi i kou mimi mua ma hope o ka pilikia¶

• ʻOiai inā ʻaʻole i hāʻawi aku kahi kahu hānai a mākaʻi paha iā ʻoe i ke kīʻaha kikoʻī o ke kaulahao mālama, e noi koke i ke keʻena hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻo Emergency Department no kahi kīʻaha hōʻiliʻili mimi maʻemaʻe i ka manawa āu e hele ai ma nā puka, me ka ʻōlelo ʻana: "Aia wau no ka mea i manaʻo ʻia no ka inu ʻana a i ʻole ka nila spiking a pono wau e hōʻiliʻili i kaʻu mea ʻole mua ma mua o ka pani ʻana o ka pukaaniani GHB 12-hola."
• Inā aia ʻoe ma ke keʻena o kahi hoaaloha a i ʻole lumi hōkele a pono ʻoe e mimi ma mua o ka haʻalele ʻana i ka haukapila, e hoʻohana i ka ** ipu aniani maʻemaʻe, maloʻo, holoi hou ʻia me kahi poʻi kiʻekiʻe, a i ʻole he kīʻaha plastik hiki ʻole ke wehe ʻia i uhi paʻa ʻia me ke kiʻi paʻa **.

2. E hōʻiliʻili ma ka liʻiliʻi loa he 50 a 100 Milliliters (1.7 a hiki i 3.4 Fluid Ounces) me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻole ʻia.¶

• Mai inu i ka wai nui ma mua o ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka laʻana i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e "flush i kāu ʻōnaehana"; ʻO ka hoʻoheheʻe wai e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka urinary creatinine a hiki ke hoʻokuʻu i ka trace nanogram-per-milliliter (ng/mL) nā pae o GHB a i ʻole 7-aminoflunitrazepam ma lalo o ka ʻoki analytical o ke keʻena hana (typically 10 mg/L for exogenous GHB).
• E mimi pololei i loko o ka ipu maʻemaʻe.

3. Lepili a hoʻopaʻa i ka pahu hau ma 4°C (39°F)¶

• E kākau i kou inoa piha, ka lā pololei, a me ka minuke o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana ma ka lipine i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ka ipu.
• E hoʻokomo i ka pahu i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o kahi ʻeke plastik zip-luna maʻemaʻe a mālama i loko o ka keena friji nui ma 4 degere Celsius (39 degere Fahrenheit). Hoʻopau ka hoʻoluʻu i ka ulu ʻana o ka maʻi bacteria a pale i ka in vitro ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa enzymatic o nā metabolite paʻa ʻole.
• E hāʻawi i kēia ipu "first-void" i hōʻiliʻili iā ia iho i ka mea nāna e nānā a i ʻole ka mākaʻi noiʻi ** ma waho aʻe o** hāʻawi ʻana i ka lua o ka ʻike maka ʻana i ka mimi a me ke koko ma ka haukapila.

Nīla spiking (injection spiking) ma nā wahi lehulehu: Hoʻomaopopo a me ka protocol PEP 72-hola¶

Ua hoʻokumu nā keʻena hoʻokō kānāwai a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau kūikawā i nā kaʻina lapaʻau kūikawā no needle spiking, ʻo ia hoʻi nā hanana i kahi o ka poʻe hana hewa i loko o nā hale pō, nā ʻaha mele, a i ʻole nā ​​ʻahaʻaina i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka poʻe i hōʻeha ʻia ma o ka lole a i ʻole ka ʻili me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi syringe hypodermic liʻiliʻi, peni insulin diabetic, a i ʻole microneedle.

1. Ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka lāʻau lāʻau lapaʻau mai nā ʻano mechanical / anxiety reactions.¶

Hōʻike ʻo Needle spiking i ʻekolu mau pōʻino maʻi maʻi e pono ke kamaʻilio ʻia i ka manawa hoʻokahi i ka Oihana Emergency: 1. Intoxication La'au Laau Laau Paahana: Hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka ʻōpū a i ʻole subcutaneous o ketamine, midazolam, a i ʻole kekahi mea hoʻomaha. 2. Ka Hoʻouna ʻana i ke Koko (HIV, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C): ʻOiai ʻaʻole hiki i ka mea hoʻopiʻi ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka plunger a i ʻole ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka nila hakahaka a i hoʻohana hou ʻia paha ma waena o nā poʻe he nui i loko o kahi lehulehu, ʻo ka ʻili maʻi maʻi me ka nila i hoʻohaumia ʻia e lawe ana i ka maʻi hoʻoili ola kino no HIV, Hepatitis. 3. Acute Autonomic / Vasovagal Syncope: ʻO ka manaʻo ʻana i ke kui ʻana o ka nila i loko o kahi lāʻau ʻeleʻele i hui pū ʻia me ka wela a me ka hui ʻana e hiki ke hoʻomaka koke i ka hāʻule ʻana o ke koko vagal a maule.

2. Kokua mua koke a me ka mālama ʻana i nā mea hōʻike no ka maʻi ʻana o ka nila i manaʻo ʻia¶

Inā ʻike ʻoe i kahi ʻoi ʻoi a i ʻole ka ʻāʻī ʻana i loko o kahi lehulehu a ukali ʻia e ka noʻonoʻo a i ʻole ka helu ʻana: 1. E nānā koke i kahi hoaaloha hilinaʻi i ka pūnaewele ma lalo o ke kukui ʻālohilohi: E nānā i ka lima o waho (deltoid), ka lima, ka poʻohiwi hope, ka ʻūhā, ka ʻūhā, a me ka pipi. Ke waiho nei ka nila hypodermic hou he 0.5-a-1.5-millimeter pinpoint ʻulaʻula kiko, i hoʻopuni pinepine ʻia e kahi halo ʻeleʻele, kahi kulu liʻiliʻi o ke koko maloʻo, a i ʻole kahi puʻu liʻiliʻi ma lalo o ka ʻili. 2. Poai i ka wahi o ke kiko me ka peni pōpō: E kahakii i 2 kenimika (0.8 iniha) apo a puni ke kiko a lawe i ke kiʻi macro kokoke loa me kahi keneta ma ka ʻaoʻao no ka unahi ma mua o ka holoi ʻana. Hiki ke mae i loko o nā hola 4 a 6 paha nā māka nila 30-gauge. 3. E holoi mālie me ke kopa a me ka wai e holo ana: Holoi i ke kopa ma lalo o ke kopa maʻemaʻe me ke kopa maʻemaʻe no 60 kekona. Mai ʻomi, waiū, omo, a i ʻole e hoʻopili i ka bleach i ka ʻeha ʻeha; ʻo ka ʻomi ʻana i nā moena capillary a hoʻolalelale i ka absorption systemic. 4. E mālama i nā lole i ʻaʻahu ʻia ma luna o ke kahua o ka pūʻana: Holoi ʻia nā kulu liʻiliʻi microscopic o ka wai syringe a me ka DNA paʻi o ka mea hana hewa ma luna o nā ʻili lole a puni ka lua nila. E hoʻokomo i ka lole i loko o kahi ** ʻeke pepa ʻeleʻele maʻemaʻe (ʻaʻole loa he ʻeke plastik i sila ʻia) e hāʻawi aku i nā mākaʻi.

3. ʻO ka ʻOihana Kūlohelohe 72-Hour Mandatory Needle-Stick Protocol¶

ʻO kēlā me kēia mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka ʻāʻī ʻana i ka nila-spiking puncture pono e hele i ke keʻena pilikia pilikia o ka haukapila i ka hikiwawe loa, a ** i loko o 72 mau hola (ma loko o 2 a 24 mau hola)** no ʻehā mau lāʻau lapaʻau: - HV Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP): He 28 lā o ka lāʻau antiretroviral therapy ʻekolu lāʻau. Hoʻemi ka PEP i ka hopena o ka HIV seroconversion ma luna o 80 pakeneka i ka wā i hoʻomaka ai i loko o nā hola 24 mua, akā nalo ka hopena inā hoʻomaka ma hope o 72 hola. - Hepatitis B Post-Exposure Prophylaxis: Kahakiʻi koko no ka nānā ʻana i kāu antibody ma luna o ka Hepatitis B (anti-HBs) titer, a me ka **Hepatitis B hoʻonui i ka lāʻau lapaʻau ** a, inā ʻaʻole i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, Hepatitis B Immune Globulin (HBIG). - Tetanus Prophylaxis: He kiʻi hoʻoikaika Tdap a i ʻole Td inā ʻoi aku kāu kaʻi ʻana i ka tetanus hope ma mua o 5 mau makahiki aku nei. - Ka Papa Hana Hoʻopaʻa a me ka Hoʻokō ʻana i nā Serology: Hoʻokaʻa ʻia ke koko kumu ma La 0, a ukali ʻia e ka hoʻāʻo hou ʻana ma 6 pule, 12 pule, a me 24 pule no ka maʻi HIV, Hepatitis B, a me ka Hepatitis C.

Hoʻihoʻi palekana mai kahi pā, hui, a i ʻole ʻahaʻaina: E lanakila ana i ka ʻūhele predator "Good Samaritan"¶

Hōʻike ka loiloi kalaima no ka hoʻouka kolohe ʻana i ka hale kalapu a me ka hōʻike ʻana i ka ʻaihue ʻana ʻo ka mea paʻakikī loa o ka mea hoʻopiʻi ʻo ** ka unuhi ʻana i ka mea i hōʻeha ʻia ma waho o ka wahi lehulehu i hala i nā hoaaloha a me ka palekana puka ** ke hoʻomaka ka lāʻau lapaʻau e hana 15 a 25 mau minuke ma hope. Ke hilinaʻi nei ka poʻe pepehi kanaka i ʻekolu mau palapala ʻenehana social-engineering i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e kāu hui hoa aloha e pale aunoa:

1. ʻO ka palapala "Fake Boyfriend / Rideshare Helper".¶

I ka wā e hina ai ka mea hoʻokele ma kahi kokoke i ka lumi hoʻomaha, hele koke ka mea hana hewa, hoʻopaʻa lima i ko lākou pūhaka, a haʻi i ka poʻe e hele ana e kū ana a i ʻole ka poʻe bouncer: *"ʻO ia pū me aʻu, ke lawe nei au iā ia no ka ea hou a hoʻokomo paha iā ia i loko o kā mākou Uber." ʻike ʻia e hilinaʻi i ka malihini no ke kākoʻo kino. - The Defense: E hoʻokumu i kahi Pact Group ma mua o ka puka ʻana: ** ʻAʻohe mea i haʻalele i ke kahua me kekahi i hiki ʻole mai me lākou, ʻoiai inā lākou e ʻōlelo waha i loko o ka hui "makemake lākou e hoʻi i ka home" me kahi mea a lākou i ʻike ai.

2. ʻO ka "Divide-and-Distract" Accomplice Tactic¶

I loko o nā hui ʻelua kanaka hoʻopaʻapaʻa, ua hoʻokuʻu kekahi hoa i ka hoaaloha maikaʻi loa o ka mea i pepehi ʻia, hoʻokahe i ka mea inu ma luna o lākou, a i ʻole hoʻomaka i ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa waha ʻoiai ke alakaʻi nei ka lua i ka mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i waho o ka puka ahi. - The Defense: ʻO ka manawa e hōʻike ai kahi hoaaloha i nā hōʻailona o ka ʻona koke, paʻa i nā lima ma ke kino (kuʻe kuʻekuʻe) a haʻalele i nā mea hoʻowalewale waho, nā mea inu ʻawaʻawa, a i ʻole nā ​​hoʻopaʻapaʻa mai nā malihini. E neʻe pololei i ke keʻena palekana o ke keʻena.

3. ʻO ka "Nīnau iā Angela" a me ka Venue Welfare Code Protocols¶

Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia nā tausani o nā kaola, nā hale pō, nā kahua pāʻani, a me nā hale ʻaina ma waena o United Kingdom, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, Kanada, Australia, New Zealand, a me ʻEulopa i kā lākou mau bartenders a me nā luna kiaʻi puka i nā huaʻōlelo palekana palekana: - "E noi iā Angela": E hele i kekahi mea kūʻai, server, a i ʻole luna kiaʻi puka a ʻōlelo, "Ke hana nei anei ʻo Angela i kēia pō?" a i ʻole e haʻi pololei: "Ke hōʻike nei koʻu hoaaloha i nā hōʻailona o ka inu ʻana a pono mākou i kahi lumi lapaʻau palekana a me kahi alakaʻi palekana." - He aha ka mea e pono ai ka palekana wahi kūpono: lawe mai nā luna kiaʻi puka laikini a me nā luna mālama wahi i ka mea i hōʻeha ʻia a me kā lākou mau hoaaloha i loko o kahi **keʻena lapaʻau i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma hope o ke kahua **, kāhea i kahi kaʻa kaʻa, mālama i ke aniani i manaʻo ʻia, e nānā i ka CCTV e ʻike i ka mea i hoʻokokoke i ka papaʻaina, a alakaʻi pololei iā ʻoe i kahi kaʻa kaʻa a i ʻole kaʻa ʻohana.

Nā helu ulia pōpilikia āpana a me nā protocols oihana¶

ʻO ka pane ʻana i ka lāʻau ulia pōpilikia, nā pahu lāʻau toxicology forensic i hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka PEP e hoʻohana ana i ka nila-spiking ma lalo o nā ʻōnaehana aupuni.

• ** ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me Kanada**:
• Ka Hoʻouna ʻEmepera: E kelepona koke iā 911 no nā mea i manaʻo ʻia he spiking me ka hiamoe, luaʻi, a i ʻole nā ​​hōʻailona koʻikoʻi.
• Hoʻokolokolo Forensic SANE / DFC: Ma ke Keʻena ʻOihana Hoʻopiʻi Haukapila, e noi i kahi Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner (SANE) a i ʻole Forensic Nurse Examiner (FNE) no ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i kahi Drug-Facilitated Crime (DFC) Toxicology Kit (ke koko a me ka mimi mua ʻole). Ma lalo o ka US federal Violence Against Women Act (VAWA), hāʻawi ʻia nā hoʻokolohua lapaʻau forensic a me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka toxicology 100 pākēneka me ka uku ʻole me ka nānā ʻole inā koho ʻoe e waiho i kahi hōʻike makai i kēlā manawa.
• 24/7 Helpline: Kāhea i ka National Sexual Assault Hotline (RAINN) ma 1-800-656-4673 a i ʻole ** Manaʻo Poison ** ma 1-800-222-1222 (US) / 1-844-764-7669 (Kanada).
• United Kingdom:
• ** Ka Hoʻouna ʻEmepera**: Kāhea iā 999 (a i ʻole 112) no ka hoʻokō koke ʻana i ka ambulance a i ʻole ka mākaʻi. Inā palekana ʻoe ma ka home a i ʻole ma ka haukapila e makemake ana e hoʻonohonoho i ka Early Evidence Kit (EEK) mimi laʻana i loko o ka puka aniani he 12 hola, e kelepona koke iā 101 a haʻi ʻo ia he time-critical spiking toxicology collection.
• Sexual Assault Referral Centers (SARCs) & NHS A&E: E hele i ke keena NHS Accident & Emergency (A&E) kokoke loa no ka HIV PEP (ma loko o 72 hola) a me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka Hepatitis B ma hope o ka lāʻau nila, a i ʻole e kelepona i kāu wahi NHS Sexual Assault Referral Center (SARC) i ke koko preserved (SARC)**
• Uni ʻEulopa:
• Ka Hoʻouna ʻEmepera: Kāhea iā 112 ma nā mokuʻāina lālā a pau o EU (a i ʻole 15 no nā ulia pōpilikia SAMU / 17 no nā mākaʻi ma Farani).
• Palani / ʻEulopa Needle & Drink Spiking Protocol (Soumission chimique / Piqûres sauvages): Ma Palani, e kāhea i ke kikowaena kuhikuhi aupuni CRAFS (Centre de Référence sur les Agressions Facilitées par les Substances) ma 01 40 05 42 70, a hele koke i ke keʻena pilikia o ka haukapila (Urgences médico-judiciaires - UMJ) no ka hōʻiliʻili koko/mimi GC-MS a me ka PEP antiretroviral. Ma waena o Kelemānia, Sepania, Netherlands, a me Pelekiuma, e noi i kahi pahu toxicology forensic (K.O.-Tropfen-Test / Sumisión química) ma ke keʻena pilikia pilikia o ka haukapila kulanui.
• Australia a me New Zealand:
• Ka Hoʻouna Paʻi Kuleana: E kelepona iā 000 ma Australia a i ʻole 111 ma New Zealand.
• Nā Hoʻopaʻa Lapaʻau & Lapaʻau: E hōʻike aku i kekahi keʻena pilikia pilikia o ka haukapila aupuni no ka PEP lāʻau nila (72-hour window) a me ka mālama ʻana i ka mimi forensic ma o ka halemai Sexual Assault Service / Crisis Care Unit. Kāhea iā 1800RESPECT (1800 737 732) ma Australia a i ʻole Safe to Talk (0800 044 334) ma Aotearoa.
• India a me Asia-Pākīpika:
• ** Ka Hoʻouna Paʻi pilikia**: E kelepona iā 112 ma India (a i ʻole 1091 Wahine Helpline), 110 / 119 ma Iapana, 112 / 119 ma South Korea, a me 999 / 995 ma Singapore.
• Medical-Legal Case (MLC) Preservation: Ma kēlā me kēia aupuni a i ʻole ke keʻena pilikia o ka haukapila pilikino i ʻāpono ʻia ma India a i Singapore, e noi e hoʻopaʻa inoa koke i kahi Medico-Legal Case (MLC) me ka mālama ʻana i ka first-void urine a me ka sodium-fluoride venous blood no State Forensic Science Laboratory (FSL) gas chromatography productor.

Nīnau pinepine¶

No ke aha e haʻi pinepine ai nā keʻena pilikia o ka haukapila i nā maʻi "ʻAʻole mākou e hoʻāʻo i nā lāʻau lapaʻau lā-rape"?¶

I ka ʻōlelo ʻana a kahi kahu hānai a i ʻole kauka lapaʻau ʻaʻole hiki i ke keʻena o ka haukapila ke hoʻāʻo i nā lāʻau lapaʻau lā-rape, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻo ka mea hoʻomaʻamaʻa wikiwiki wikiwiki o ka hale maʻi e holo wale ana i nā pale dipstick 5-a-10-panel a ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻike iā GHB, Rohypnol, a i ʻole imidazolines. Eia nō naʻe, hiki i kēlā me kēia 'Oihana Hoʻopiʻi ke huki i ke kaulahao Forensic Toxicology Kit (a i ʻole e kāhea i kahi Forensic Nurse Examiner a i ʻole mākaʻi) e hōʻiliʻili i ke koko hina hina a me nā paipu mimi mua ʻole i hoʻouna ʻia i kahi hale hana hewa forensic forensic mokuʻāina a i hoʻolako pū ʻia me nā mea loiloi GC-MS a me LC-MS/MS. E noi mau i ka "Forensic Chain-of-Custody Toxicology Collection," ʻaʻole ia he pale lāʻau lapaʻau maʻamau.

Inā ala au i 14 a 24 mau hola ma hope o ka pāʻina me ka nalowale o ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana, ua lohi paha ka hoʻāʻo ʻana?¶

ʻAʻole, pono ʻoe e hele koke i ke Keʻena ʻĀkau a i ʻole Forensic Nurse Examiner a hāʻawi i kāu laʻana mimi mua loa ma ke ala ʻana. ʻOiai e hoʻomaʻemaʻe pinepine ʻia ka GHB mai ka mimi i loko o 12 mau hola, hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā mea spiking maʻamau (me ka flunitrazepam/Rohypnol, nā benzodiazepine mea hana hou e like me bromazolam, ketamine, zolpidem, a me scopolamine) i ka mimi ma o ka hoʻāʻo LC-MS/MS koʻikoʻi no 48 a 96 mau hola. Inā kali ʻoe i 3 a 5 mau pule ma hope o kahi hanana, hiki i nā laboratories forensic kūikawā ke hana i ka segmental Hair Strand Toxicology Testing e ʻike ai i kahi ʻike hoʻokahi i wili ʻia i loko o ka lauoho ulu ulu.

Hiki i kekahi ke hoʻokomo i kahi mea hoʻomaha wikiwiki i loko o kahi hui lehulehu me ka ʻike ʻole iaʻu i kahi syringe?¶

ʻAe, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o 1.5 kekona ma lalo o 1.5 kekona i loko o kahi lehulehu nui, ʻeleʻele, a me nā peni i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka punawai. Ma muli o ka lahilahi lauoho o ka nila, ʻike pinepine ʻia ka ʻike mua e like me ke ʻoki ʻana mai ka manamana lima a i ʻole ka sequin, a ʻike wale ka mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ke kiko ʻulaʻula liʻiliʻi me ka halo ʻeha ma hope i ka wā e komo koke ai ka nalo.

Pono au e luaʻi iaʻu iho inā manaʻo wau ua inu wale au i ka mea inu spiked 5 mau minuke aku nei?¶

Mai hoʻokomo i ka luaʻi ʻana inā ʻoe a i ʻole kāu hoaaloha e ʻeha nei i ka ʻeha, hiamoe, ʻaʻole i hoʻonohonoho ʻia, a i ʻole ka haʻi ʻōlelo. ʻO nā mea hoʻohaʻahaʻa o ka ʻōnaehana puʻuwai waena e like me GHB a me nā benzodiazepine hoʻomaka wikiwiki e hoʻopilikia i ka laryngeal gag reflex pale i loko o 10 a 15 mau minuke; ʻO ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka luaʻi ʻana i ka wā e hoʻopaʻa ʻia ai kou mau neʻe ʻana e hana i kahi pilikia weliweli o ke komo ʻana i ka wai ʻawaʻawa i loko o kou māmā. Akā, e ho'ōki koke i ka inu, e mālama i ke aniani no nā mākaʻi, e neʻe i kahi wahi palekana o nā limahana, a e loiloi ʻia e nā paramedic.

He aha ka hopena inā loaʻa iaʻu ka cannabis leʻaleʻa a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea ʻē aʻe i loko o kaʻu ʻōnaehana: e hopu ʻia au inā noi au i kahi hoʻokolohua forensic spiking?¶

Ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, Kanada, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ʻEulopa, a me Australia, ua pāpā nā kānāwai mālama olakino a me nā kulekele palekana i ka poʻe maʻi mai ka hopu ʻana i nā maʻi e ʻimi nei i ka mālama olakino a i ʻole nā ​​​​hōʻike hoʻomāinoino forensic i ka wā e ʻike ʻia ai nā hiʻohiʻona leʻaleʻa i kā lākou papa toxicology. ʻO ka haʻi pololei ʻana i ke kahu forensic e pili ana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau, ka waiʻona, a i ʻole nā ​​mea leʻaleʻa āu i lawe ai me ka manawaleʻa he mea nui ia i hiki ai i ka mea ʻawaʻawa forensic ke hoʻokaʻawale i ka lawe manawaleʻa mai ka mea hana ʻole i kauoha ʻia.

Nā alakaʻi pili¶

• Inu spiking a lā-rape lāʻau lapaʻau triage
• ʻO ka lāʻau nila, ka pahu syringe i hoʻolei ʻia, a me ka PEP ma ke koko
• Ke haʻalele ʻana i kahi lā maikaʻi ʻole: nā huaʻōlelo code, nā alakaʻi o nā wahi, a me ke kūʻē ʻana
• ʻO ka ʻaha mele, ka ʻahaʻaina, ka hale pō, a me ka hoʻolālā puka ʻana o ke kahua pāʻani a me ka holo ʻana o ka lehulehu
• Papa kuhikuhi helu pilikia

Nā kumu a me ke alakaʻi kūhelu¶

• United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC): Alakaʻi no ka ʻImi Forensic Analysis of Drugs Facilitating Sexual Assault and Other Criminal Acts (Laboratory Biological Specimen Collection Windows, GHB Cutoffs, and LC-MS/MS Standards).
• Society of Forensic Toxicologists (SOFT) & Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Laboratory: Drug-Facilitated Crimes (DFC) Kōmike i Manaʻo ʻia nā palena hana liʻiliʻi loa a me nā Protocols Preservation Protocols no GHB, Flunitrazepam, a me Novel Psychoactive Substances.
• United Kingdom Faculty of Forensic & Legal Medicine (FFLM) & National Police Chiefs' Council (NPCC): Management of Suspected Inu and Needle Spiking in Nighttime Economy Venues, Early Evidence Kit (EEK) Mimi Collection, and Emergency Department Triage.
• Nā Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) & World Health Organization (WHO): Nā Kūlana Hou no ka mālama ʻana i ka Non-Occupational Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (nPEP) no HIV, Hepatitis B, a me ka Hepatitis C Ma hope o Non-Consensual Percutaneous Needle Exposure.
• American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP): Clinical Policy and Toxicological Evaluation of the Acutely Intoxicated or Chemical Incapacitated Emergency Department Ma'i.