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ʻEha Trampoline Neck a me ka iwi kuamoʻo, Nā ʻAha Paʻa Paʻalua, a me ka hopena o ka Frame

He ʻokoʻa nā helu ulia pōpilikia ma ka ʻāina. Hoʻohana kēia ʻaoʻao i ka 911, ka helu no ʻAmelika a me Kanada. Nui nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe i hoʻohana i ka 112, 999, a i ʻole ka helu ʻē aʻe. E huli i ka helu no kou ʻāina.

Hoʻouna ʻia nā trampolines backyard a me nā pā pāka trampoline i loko o ka hale ma luna o 100,000 mau keiki a me nā pākeke i nā keʻena pilikia i kēlā me kēia makahiki ma ʻAmelika wale nō, me nā haneli he mau tausani i mālama ʻia ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa. ʻOiai ʻo ka lele ʻana ma luna o ka moena polypropylene elastic e ʻoluʻolu a kala ʻia, e hana ana kahi moena trampoline i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ke ʻano he catapult mālama ikehu e hoʻolele i ke kino o ke kanaka 2.5 a 4.5 mau mika (8 a 15 kapuaʻi) i ka lewa i ka wā e wehe ana i nā hōʻailona kaulike maʻamau. I ka wā e hoʻokuʻu ʻia ai ka ʻāʻī hope a i ʻole i mua i mua o ka ʻāina ** vertex-mua (ma ka lei o ke poʻo) a i ʻole ka ʻāʻī-mua** ma ka moena uʻi, a i ʻole i ka wā e lele ʻia ai ka mea lele ma ka ʻaoʻao i loko o nā paipu kila i hoʻopaʻa ʻole ʻia, nā pūnāwai wili kiʻekiʻe, a i ʻole nā ​​mea hoʻopuni a puni, e komo ka spine cervical i ka ikaika axial compression a hiki i ka hyperflex C7 o ka piko o ka cervical. ka haʻi-dislocation a me ka quadriplegia mau**.

ʻOi aku ka maʻamau o ka hopena "palua-pālua" (kip / catapult), e kū ana i ka wā e lele ai ʻelua a ʻoi aʻe paha o nā paona kino like ʻole ma ka moena trampoline hoʻokahi i ka manawa like. Wahi a nā haʻawina biomechanical i haʻi ʻia e ka American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), 75 pakeneka o nā ʻeha trampoline a pau i ka wā e lele ana nā kānaka he nui i ka moena i ka manawa like. Ke pae ka ʻōpio a makua paha he 80 kilo (175 paona) ma luna o ka moena ma kahi hapa o ke kekona ma mua o ka iho ʻana mai o kahi keiki ʻōpio 20 kilo (44 paona) i lalo, e piʻi hou ana ka moena ʻōlō i luna me ka wikiwiki i ka wā e iho ana nā wāwae o ke keiki. ʻO ka piʻi ʻana i luna i nā wāwae o ke keiki e iho ana e hoʻohua i ka ikehu kinetic e like me ** hāʻule 3 a 4 mau mika (10 a 13 kapuaʻi) ma luna o ka lāʻau paʻa a i ʻole ka lāʻau paʻa**, e hoʻoulu ai i kahi ʻano ** "trampoline fractures" o ka pā ulu tibial proximal**, supracondylar humerus elbow collisions. ʻO ka ʻike pehea e hoʻōki ai i ka lele ʻana me ka ʻole o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka mea ʻeha ʻeha i ke kuamoʻo ma luna o ka moena hikiwawe, pehea e hoʻokuʻu ai i kahi lālā i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma waena o nā pūnāwai wili kila kiʻekiʻe, a pehea e hoʻopaʻa ai i nā haʻi kuʻekuʻe wāwae a i ʻole nā ​​wāwae wāwae e hoʻopakele i nā ola a pale i ke kīnā o ke ola.

E hana i kēia i kēia manawa

Inā pae kekahi ma ko lākou poʻo a ʻāʻī paha, ua loaʻa i ka ʻeha nui o nā lālā, a i ʻole i paʻa ʻia i loko o nā pūnāwai a i ʻole ke kumu o kahi trampoline i kēia manawa, e hoʻokō i kēia mau hana ʻeono:

  1. E kauoha i nā mea lele ʻē aʻe ma luna o ka trampoline e hoʻokuʻu koke a kokolo aku i ka moena ma ko lākou mau lima a me nā kuli: ʻO kēlā me kēia ʻanuʻu a i ʻole ka paʻi ʻana ma luna o ka moena trampoline hoʻopaʻapaʻa e hoʻouna i nā nalu haʻalulu ma luna o ka ʻili holoʻokoʻa, e hoʻohuli a hoʻoluliluli i ka ʻāʻī a i ʻole ka iwi haʻi o ka mea ʻeha e moe ana ma luna o kahi moe. E ho'ōho "MA'A'I, MAI PALAPALA, E HOLO I KO KNE KNE A MOKOLO ALOHA I KA PI" no laila e hiki ole ai ka haalulu.
  2. E hoʻopaʻa i ka ʻāʻī i manaʻo ʻia a i ʻole ʻeha hope mai waho o ke kiʻi mua, a i ʻole e kolo ma luna o ka moena ma kou ʻōpū: Inā pae ka mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ko lākou poʻo, ʻāʻī, a i ʻole ke kua, a i ʻole e hoʻopiʻi i ka ʻeha o ka ʻāʻī, ke kani ʻana, ka helu ʻana, a i ʻole ka hiki ʻole ke neʻe i kona mau lima a i ʻole nā wāwae (ʻeha iwi kuamoʻo), e haʻi iā lākou "Mai hoʻoneʻe i kou poʻo, e nānā pololei i kahi wahi." Inā kokoke lākou i ka lihi, e hele ma ka ʻupena palekana mai ka honua ma waho o ke kiʻi e paʻa i ko lākou poʻo; inā pono ʻoe e piʻi ma luna o ka moena a hiki i ke kikowaena, kolo mālie ma kou mau kuʻekuʻe a me kou mau kuli i ʻole e luu ka moena a hili i ko lākou iwi kuamoʻo.
  3. ** MAI ho'āʻo e hāpai a amo paha i ka mea i hōʻeha ʻia ma ke kuamoʻo mai luna mai o kahi moena trampoline maʻalahi me ka ʻole o ka papa kua ʻoʻoleʻa**: No ka mea, e lele ana ka moena trampoline i loko o kahi kīʻaha hammock hohonu i kēlā me kēia manawa e kū ana ʻelua mau mākua i waenakonu, e hoʻāʻo ana e kiʻi i kahi mea ʻeha ma luna o ka moena e hoʻohuli i ko lākou ʻāʻī a me ka ʻāʻī i loko o ka puʻu. E waiho i ka mea i hoehaia e moe ana me ka pilikia ole ma ke kulana pololei i loaa (koe ke ole lakou e hanu ana a i ole i ka luai ikaika) a hiki i ka manawa e hiki mai ai na kauka lapaau e hoohee i ka papa kuamoo paa ma ka moena a i ole e wehe i na punawai e hoemi malie i ka moena a pau i lalo.
  4. Inā wili ʻia ka wāwae, ke kuli, a i ʻole ke poʻo o ke keiki ma waena o nā pūnāwai kila, e huki i ka makau puna e pili ana mai ke kiʻi me ka mea hana puna a i ʻole nā ​​wili: ʻO nā puna wili trampoline i lalo o ka haʻalulu kiʻekiʻe a paʻa pū me he iwi ā kila ke hele ka mea lele ma waena o lākou. E kaomi i kekahi kanaka makua ma luna o ke kiʻi kila a huki iki i nā wili puna e pili ana i mea e hoʻomaha ai i ke kaomi, a i ʻole e hoʻopaʻa i ka screwdriver, pliers, a i ʻole trampoline T-hook i loko o ka puka aniani o ka puna puna e wehe pono ai (e mālama pono i nā maka mai ke ala hoʻihoʻi puna).
  5. Inā ʻike ʻia ka lima, kuʻekuʻe, a kuʻekuʻe wāwae paha i ʻike ʻia, ʻinoʻino, a i ʻole he iwi ʻōpuʻu ma hope o ka hāʻule ʻana, MAI hoʻopololei iā ia: ʻO ka hāʻule ʻana o ka ikehu kiʻekiʻe ma luna o ka lima kīkoʻo ma luna o kahi trampoline ke kumu pinepine ʻia ** nā haʻihaʻi o supracondylar humerus** ma ka kuʻekuʻe (hiki ke kuʻi i ke aʻaʻa aʻalolo brachial) a i ʻole ** (nā haʻihaʻi hāmama, ka ʻike ʻana o ka iwi hui pū ʻia, a me nā nānā neurovascular). E uhi i ka ʻeha iwi hāmama me ka gauze maʻemaʻe maʻemaʻe, e kākoʻo i ka lālā me nā uluna a i ʻole nā ​​kāwele i ʻōwili ʻia ma ke kihi pololei i loaʻa, a e nānā inā he mahana a ʻulaʻula nā manamana lima a me nā manamana wāwae.
  6. E kelepona i nā lawelawe ulia pōpilikia no ka pae ʻana o ke poʻo/ʻāʻī, ka pohō o ka ʻike, ka lālā ʻino, a i ʻole ke keiki i hōʻole ʻole e kū ma hope o ka paʻi pālua: E kelepona i kou wahi. helu pilikia (911 ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me Kanada, 112 ma waena o ʻEulopa, 999 ma United Kingdom). Mai hoʻoikaika i kahi kamaliʻi e uē a hōʻole ʻole e amo i ke kaumaha ma hope o ka lele ʻana me nā keiki ʻoi aʻe e "hele i waho," no ka mea, ʻaneʻane loaʻa iā lākou kahi haʻihaʻi ** proximal tibial Metaphyseal ("trampoline") **.

No ke aha ke kumu o nā paka trampoline pāʻoihana i nā haʻi kuʻekuʻe wāwae a me nā ʻeha iwi kuamoʻo

Manaʻo ka poʻe mākua he ʻoi aku ka palekana o nā pāka trampoline kūloko ma mua o nā trampolines o hope no ka mea ua hoe nā paia. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, hōʻike nā palapala hoʻopaʻa inoa trauma maʻi e hoʻohana ana nā moena paka trampoline kalepa ** i nā pūnāwai hoʻokūkū hoʻokūkū kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻoihana ** e hoʻokuʻu i nā mea lele lele i ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe a ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī ma mua o nā moena home home. I ka pae ʻana o ke kanaka makua i ka pae kaulike ma waena o ka trampoline pā kihi a me ka moena papahele ākea, a i ʻole e lele i loko o ka lua pahu pahu pāpaʻu ma ke poʻo-mua, ʻo ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana i ka honua e hoʻopōʻino i ka ** pilon tibial hāmama a me ka haʻi kuʻekuʻe wāwae bimalleolar-dislocations** (kahi i haki ai ka iwi iwi wāwae) a ma **** lalo o nā lua huʻihuʻi maikaʻi ʻole.

ʻO ka lāʻau hoʻoholo hoʻoholo no ka trampoline spinal a me nā pilikia orthopedic

E hoʻohana i kēia lāʻau hoʻoholo hana no ka mālama ʻana i nā hōʻeha ʻeha ma kahi trampoline o ka hale a i ʻole ke kahua pāʻoihana i loko me ka ʻole o ka hōʻino ʻana i ka spinal a i ʻole neurovascular.

flowchart TD
    Start["Hana ʻia ka ʻeha Trampoline"] --> FreezeMat["1. E hoʻōho FREEZE i nā poʻe lele ʻē aʻe a pau koke<br/>2. E hāʻule nā poʻe lele lele ʻole i nā lima a me nā kuli a kolo mālie mai ka moena"]
    FreezeMat --> Mechanism{"2. He aha ke ʻano hana a me ka hoʻopiʻi mua?"}
    Mechanism -->|"A. Kau ʻia ma ke poʻo / ʻāʻī, ʻike ʻole, a i ʻole ka helu / Tingling"| CSpine["1. E haʻi aku i ka mea pepehi kanaka: MAI NENE I KO POO<br/>2. E kiʻi mai waho mai ka pahu a i ʻole e kolo palahalaha ma luna o ka moena e paʻa ai ke poʻo i loko o ka laina<br/>3. MAI lawe aku i ka mea pepehi kanaka mai ka moena puolo; e kali no ka EMS backboard a i ʻole ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa puna"]
    Mechanism -->|"B. Laʻa i hopu ʻia i loko o nā pūnāwai kila a i ʻole ke kiʻi"| FreeSpring["E kākoʻo i ke kaumaha o ka mea i pepehi ʻia i ʻole e wili ka lālā; e huki i nā ʻōwili puna e pili ana a wehe a wehe paha i ka pūnāwai mai ka pahu pahu me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka T-hook/plier mai nā alo."]
    Mechanism -->|"C. Kuʻekuʻe wāwae deformed, forearm, a i ʻole nā wāwae wāwae"| SplintAsFound["1. E nānā i ke kala o ka manamana lima, ka mahana, a me ka ʻike<br/>2. MAI hoopololei i ka ami deformed; pad me nā uluna/kāwele ma ke kūlana i loa'a<br/>3. E uhi i kekahi iwi hāmama me ka lole pulu maʻemaʻe a e kelepona iā 911/112/999"]
    Mechanism -->|"D. Ka'i 'o'ole'a / 'A'ole 'ana e kū ma hope o ka pā'ani 'ana i ka nui-Jumper"| TibiaCheck["Suspect Proximal Tibial 'Trampoline Fracture' (hoʻopiʻi pāpū ulu); e lawe i ke keiki mai ka moena, e hoopili i ka pahu hau i wiliia i ka hiku o luna, e lawe i ka urgent/ER X-ray"]

Matrix hoʻohālikelike: ʻelima mau hana hōʻeha trampoline maʻamau a me nā pūlima lapaʻau

Hoʻokaʻawale nā hui orthopedic a me nā neurosurgical trauma i nā hanana trampoline i ʻelima mau ʻano mechanical mua, kēlā me kēia me nā hae ʻulaʻula diagnostic ʻokoʻa a me nā lula kōkua mua.

Mekani Poino Ke kumu biomechanical ʻO ke ʻano maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻamau Kokua mua koke a me ka lawe mua
** Under-Rotated Somersault / Backflip ("Lawn-Dart" Landing)** Hoʻāʻo ʻo Jumper i ka hoʻihoʻi hope a i ʻole ka hoʻohuli mua, nalowale ka wikiwiki o ka huli ʻana a i ʻole e loaʻa i kahi moena i manaʻo ʻole ʻia, a hoʻopaʻa i ka lei poʻo mua i ka hyperflexion a i ʻole hyperextension. C1-C7 iwi kuamoʻo haʻihaʻi-dislocation, kuamoʻo iwi kuamoʻo contusion, quadriplegia, a i ʻole vertebral artery dissection (no ka lohi ʻana i ka lolo o ka lolo i nā hola ma hope) Ka neʻe ʻole o ka moena trampoline; hoʻopaʻa lima i ke poʻo a me ka ʻāʻī i ke kūlana i loaʻa; kelepona 911/112/999; inā ʻaʻole hanu, 2 mau mea hoʻopakele e hoʻopaʻa inoa ma luna o kahi papa paʻa i ka moena e hoʻomaka i ka CPR
"Paʻa-Palua" (Kip / Catapult Effect) ʻO ka lele kaumaha (ʻōpio/ʻelemakule) pae i ka moena e like me ke keiki māmā (<6 makahiki) e iho mai ana; ʻo ka moena hili i luna i nā wāwae iho o ke keiki "Trampoline Fracture" (ka haʻi koʻikoʻi o ka ʻāʻī o ka ʻāʻī / iwi iwi ʻaoʻao kiʻekiʻe) i nā kamaliʻi, a i ʻole ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka ea mai ka moena i loko o nā kumulāʻau/ka. Mai koi i ke keiki e kū a hele paha; e hoʻopaʻa i ka wāwae me ka ʻūhā a i ka ʻūhā; e ʻimi i nā lāʻau lapaʻau X-ray (nota: hiki i ka lauoho lauoho tibial fractures ke lawe i nā lā 7-10 e hōʻike maopopo ʻia ma ka X-ray)
Holo ma luna o ka lima i hohola ʻia (FOOSH) ma ka moena a i ʻole ka lepo Kiola ʻia ʻo Jumper a kanu i ka lima paʻa i ka moena hoʻihoʻi a hāʻule paha i ka ʻupena paʻa ʻole i ka lepo. Supracondylar humerus fracture (haʻi kuʻekuʻe lima ma luna o ka hui) a i ʻole ʻelua iwi poʻo ʻeha (radius/ulna); nui ka pilikia o brachial artery entrapment ma ka kuʻekuʻe E kuʻekuʻe i ka kuʻekuʻe ma ka ** ʻāmi pololei a pololei paha i loaʻa** (mai hoʻoikaika i ka pehu kuʻekuʻe wāwae e piʻo i 90 degere no ka maʻa, kahi e hoʻopaʻa ʻia ai ke aʻa brachial a hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka ʻoki ʻana o Volkmann); e hele koke i ER
Pūnāwai-Awāwa a me ka pā kila ʻO ka nalo, hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia, a i ʻole ka neʻe ʻana o ka vinyl perimeter pad e hōʻike ana i ka 15 a 25 knm (6 a 10 ʻīniha) ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā pūnāwai kila a me ke apo kila tubular. ** Ka poʻo poʻo kaumaha a i ʻole ka haki ʻana o ka maka** e kūʻē i ke kiʻi kila; haki ʻia ka ʻāʻī tibial/femoral shaft i ka wā e hāʻule ai ka wāwae ma ka lua puna a hāʻule ka lama ma ka ʻaoʻao; hohonu ** nā ʻūhā punawai** E kākoʻo koke i ke kino i ʻole e kuʻi ka wāwae i ka wāwae i ke kiʻi kila; wehe a hohola i nā puna me ke akahele; e hoʻomalu i ke koko a me ka maʻa ma mua o ka hāpai ʻana i ka wāwae i luna mai ka hakahaka
Paʻa-Pit a me Wall-Seam Impact (Paka Kalepa) Luʻu poʻo mua i loko o ka lua pāpaʻu a i ʻole ka polyurethane foam-cube lua, a i ʻole ka pae ʻana me hoʻokahi kapuaʻi ma luna o ka deck divider paʻa a hoʻokahi kapuaʻi ma luna o ka moena hili. Haʻi ka iwi kuamoʻo ʻāʻī ma lalo o ka lua huʻa; ka haʻi wāwae bimalleolar/trimalleolar haʻihaʻi-dislocation a me ** ka ʻoki ʻana o ke kuli piha (ACL/PCL/popliteal artery haʻihaʻi)** I loko o ka lua huhū: Mai huki i ka mea i pepehi ʻia ma ko lākou mau lima; e wehe i kahi alahele a kūkulu i ʻauwaha no EMS e hoʻoneʻe i kahi papa kua i lalo i ka lua.

Luʻu hohonu 1: Pehea e hoʻopakele ai i ka mea i hōʻeha ʻia i ke kuamoʻo mai kahi moena trampoline maʻalahi

ʻO kahi moena trampoline kekahi o nā wahi paʻakikī loa i ka mālama ʻana i ka pilikia ma mua o ka haukapila no ka mea e like ia me kahi hammock elastic nui. Inā pae kekahi ʻōpio 70 kilo (154 paona) ma ko lākou ʻāʻī i waenakonu o kahi trampoline he 4.2 mika (14 kapuaʻi), a piʻi ʻelua mau kanaka makua 85 kilomika (187 paona) ma luna o ka moena a hele i ke kikowaena e kōkua, ** ʻo ka hui pū ʻana o nā mea hoʻopakele e hoʻemi i ka 4 keneta a hiki i ka 130 mika. 18 iniha)**, e olokaa ana i ka mea i pepehiia ilalo i ka wawae o ka poe hoopakele a hoololi i ko lakou iwi kuamoo naha.

   [WHY WALKING ON A TRAMPOLINE MAT ENDANGERS A SPINAL VICTIM]

   WRONG (Standing Rescuers):
   [Frame] \                        / [Frame]
            \  [Rescuer] [Victim]  /  <-- Mat sags 40 cm into a deep V-trough,
             \____________________/       rolling and bending the broken neck

   RIGHT (External Reach OR Prone Crawl + Rigid Backboard Slide):
   [Frame] ------------------------ [Frame] <-- Rescuer 1 reaches through net from
             [====Backboard====]                ground (or crawls flat on belly)
                                                while EMS slides rigid board across

ʻO ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ka spinal ma kahi moena trampoline

  1. Hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka moena me ka ʻole o ka lele ʻana:
  2. E hooki koke i na keiki i eha ole ma ka trampoline, e haule malie i na eha a pau, a e kolo pakahi i ke kaapuni, e hee iho i ka honua me ka hookuu ole i ka punawai iluna.
  3. E hoʻopaʻa i ke poʻo mai waho o ka pā i nā manawa a pau e hiki ai:
  4. Inā aia ke poʻo o ka mea i pepehi ʻia ma loko o 1 mika (3 kapuaʻi) o ke apo kila o waho, mai AOLE e piʻi i luna o ka trampoline.
  5. Wehe i ka ʻupena paʻa palekana (aiʻole e komo i lalo), kū a kukuli paha ma ka lepo paʻa ma waho o ke kiʻi, e hoʻomaha i kou mau kuʻekuʻe ma ke ala hao i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, a e kau paʻa i nā lima ʻelua a puni nā ʻaoʻao o ke poʻo o ka mea i pepehi ʻia e hoʻopaʻa mau i ko lākou kuamoʻo.
  6. Inā aia ka mea i make ma ke kikowaena make o kahi trampoline nui:
  7. ʻO hoʻokahi wale nō mea hoʻopakele māmā e piʻi i luna o ka moena.
  8. Mai AOLE e ku iluna a e hele ma kou mau wawae. E moe pālahalaha ma kou ʻōpū ma ka lihi o ke kiʻi e hohola i kou kaumaha ma nā pūnāwai he nui loa, a kolo mālie ma kou ʻōpū a me nā kuʻekuʻe i kahi kūlana ma luna pono o ke poʻo o ka mea i pepehi ʻia.
  9. E kīʻaha mālie i nā lima ʻelua ma nā ʻaoʻao o ke poʻo a me nā pepeiao o ka mea i hoʻopaʻi ʻia e hoʻopaʻa i ko lākou ihu me ko lākou piko (a i ʻole e kākoʻo i ko lākou poʻo me ka maluhia ma ke ʻano kikoʻī i ʻike ʻia inā ʻike lākou i ka ʻeha a i ʻole ke kūʻē ʻana ke neʻe).
  10. Pehea nā Paramedics e hoʻokuʻu ai i ka mea pōʻino mai ka moena:
  11. Ke hōʻea mai nā mea kuni ahi a me nā mea lapaʻau me kahi paʻa ʻulaʻula lōʻihi lōʻihi (papa hope) a i ʻole kahi ** scoop stretcher**:
  12. Ke Kaʻina A (Hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka Papa Ma luna o ka Moena): ʻO ka poʻe hoʻopakele e kū ana ma ka lepo paʻa ma waho o ke kiʻi e hoʻokuʻu i kahi kuamoʻo māmā māmā ma ka ʻaoʻao pālahalaha o ka moena ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka mea i pepehi ʻia, e ʻae ana i ʻelua mau mea lapaʻau kolo haʻahaʻa e paheʻe a i ʻole ka ʻōwili ʻana i ka mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i 15 kenimika (6 iniha) ma luna o ka papa ʻoʻoleʻa, hoʻopaʻa i ke poʻo a lalo i lalo. lawe i ke kaumaha.
  13. Method B (Wehe i nā Puna e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka moena i lalo): Inā loaʻa kahi kanaka makua koʻikoʻi i ka maʻi naʻau a i ʻole he pōʻino ʻeha o ke kuamoʻo ma luna o kahi trampoline o ka hale kahi i maopopo loa ai ka ʻāina ma lalo o nā mea, hiki i nā mea kuni ahi ke hoʻonoho i ʻehā mau luina a puni ke kiʻi kila a ** wehe ʻo ia i ke kumu o ka pūnāwai coil a puni ka ʻaoʻao o lalo o ka moe. ka lau paʻa ma lalo me ka piko ʻole o ka iwi kuamoʻo o ka mea maʻi.

Luʻu hohonu 2: ʻO ka "Double-Bounce" physics a me ke kamaliʻi "Trampoline Fractures"

No ke aha i hoʻoikaika ai ka American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), ka Canadian Pediatric Society, a me ka Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents (RoSPA) i ke kānāwai koʻikoʻi "One Jumper at a Time" ma luna o kēlā me kēia alakaʻi palekana?

1. Pehea e komo ai ke keiki he 20 kilo i ka ikaika pae ma'amau he 9x

E noʻonoʻo i kahi makua kāne 80-kilogram (175-paona) a he kaikuaʻana paha e lele ana ma luna o kahi trampoline ma ka ʻaoʻao o kahi keiki 4-makahiki 20-kilogram (44-paona): 1. Kau ka mea lele kaumaha ma luna o ka moena, e hohola ana i ke koena kila i lalo me nā tausani Newton o ka ikehu elastic i mālama ʻia. 2. He kanalima milliseconds ma hope aku, oiai ke keiki e haule ana ilalo mai kahi lele liilii he 20 kenimika (8 iniha) me kona mau kuli pololei, ua hoopuka ka moena trampoline ** i ka ikehu i hoahu ia mai ka lele ana o ke kanaka makua 80-kilo a pa'i iluna e like me ka piston** iloko o na kapuai o ke keiki e iho ana. 3. Hōʻike nā hiʻohiʻona ʻenekini biomechanical e hoʻoili ana kēia "palua-pālua" ma waho o ka manawa i 70 pākēneka o ka ikehu kinetic o ka mea lele kaumaha i loko o nā wāwae haʻahaʻa o ke keiki liʻiliʻi, e hana ana i kahi ukana hoʻokūkū axial piʻi e like me ka **hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ke keiki mai kahi puka aniani lua-papa (3 a 4 mika / 310) ʻaoʻao.

2. Ka ʻike ʻana i kahi tibial proximal "Trampoline Fracture" i nā keiki ma lalo o 6 makahiki.

No ka mea, aia ka iwi iwia luna o ke keiki (proximal tibia) he papa ulu cartilaginous palupalu (physis) a me ka iwi metaphyseal porous ma lalo pono o ka hui kuli, ua paopao ka ikaika o ka piston palua i luna i ka cortex mua o ka iwi iwia luna. - No ke aha e poina pinepine ai nā mākua i ka wā mua: ʻAʻole e like me ka haki o ka wāwae makua, ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia ka ʻaoʻao o waho o ka proximal tibial trampoline fracture o kahi keiki liʻiliʻi. Noho paʻa ka periosteum (ka lima fibrous mānoanoa a puni ka iwi o ke keiki) e like me ka lālā willow ʻōmaʻomaʻo (buckle / torus fracture). - Ka Hōʻailona Hoʻolaha Kūlana: E lele ana ke keiki ma luna o kahi trampoline me kekahi kanaka, noho koke i lalo me ka uē ʻana, a ** hōʻole ʻole e kū i luna a i ʻole e kau i ke kaumaha ma kekahi wāwae (a i ʻole e hele me ka ʻokiʻoki ʻana i nā manamana wāwae) no hoʻokahi hola ma hope. - He aha ka hana: - Mai ** ʻAʻole ** e koi i ke keiki e kū a ho'āʻo paha e "hele aku." - Hāpai i ke keiki i kahi moe a noho kaʻa paha, e hoʻokiʻekiʻe i ka wāwae ma luna o ka uluna, a kau i kahi ʻeke anu i wahī ʻia i kahi kāwele lahilahi ma ka ʻāʻī o luna ma lalo pono o ka ʻeke kuli no 15 mau minuke i ka manawa (nā iwi haʻihaʻi a me ka ʻāʻī). - Noho X-Ray koʻikoʻi no nā mākua: E haʻi pono i ka mālama koʻikoʻi a i ʻole ke kauka lumi ulia pōpilikia i loaʻa ka ʻeha i ka wā ka lele trampoline lehulehu. I ka lā mua ma hope o ka hōʻeha ʻana, hiki i ka 20 pakeneka o nā haʻihaʻi tibial buckle kokoke i ke keiki liʻiliʻi loa ma ka ʻike X-ray mua a hope i hiki ke ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano he hiʻohiʻona ma kahi ** ʻaoʻao (ʻaoʻao-ʻaoʻao) X-ray** a i ʻole he X-ray hou 7 a 10 mau lā ma hope ke ʻike ʻia ka callus iwi ho'ōla. A hiki i ka wā e hoʻokuʻu ʻia ai ʻole i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o kahi kiola wāwae lōʻihi, ʻaʻole pono ke keiki e amo i ke kaumaha.

Luʻu hohonu 3: ʻAha nā kuʻekuʻe supracondylar, wehe ʻia nā kuʻekuʻe wāwae, a me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka makani.

Ma waho aʻe o nā hōʻeha ʻāʻī a me nā haʻihaʻi o ke keiki liʻiliʻi, ʻo nā trampolines ke kumu i ʻekolu mau pilikia orthopedic a me ke kaiapuni e pono ai ke hana koke.

1. Nā haʻihaʻi supracondylar humerus (kuʻekuʻe) keiki a me ka ischemia o Volkmann

Ke hoʻolele ʻia ke keiki i luna a hāʻule ʻino ʻia ma luna o ka lima kīkoʻo (FOOSH), piʻi ka ikaika i ka forearm a paʻi i ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa o ka iwi lima luna ma luna pono o ka hui kuʻekuʻe (supracondylar humerus fracture), ʻoi aku ka nui o 30 pakeneka o nā haʻi trampoline āpau e pono ai ke ʻoki: - Ke Aʻaʻa Brachial: ʻO ke aʻaʻaʻa nui e hāʻawi ana i ke koko i ka lima a me ka lima (brachial artery) a me nā median/radial/ulnar nerves e holo pololei ana ma mua o ka iwi kuʻekuʻe ma kahi e kū pono ai ka ʻaoʻao haʻi ʻoi i mua. - Rula Kokua Kokua Mua: - ʻAʻole e hoʻopōloli i ka kuʻekuʻe lima i pehu ʻia a hiki i 90 degere no ka hoʻokomo ʻana i loko o kahi maʻa lima triangular maʻamau. ʻO ka ʻoki ʻana i kahi haki supracondylar elbow i hoʻoneʻe ʻia e pani ʻia ke aʻa brachial i paʻa e like me ke kuʻi ʻana i ka paipu kīhāpai, ke ʻoki ʻana i ke kahe o ke koko i nā ʻiʻo o ka lima a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi ('** ʻeha ʻeha a me ka maʻi compartment / lala ischemic acute, occlusion arterial, a me ka pulseless extremity). - Akā, ** māʻi ka lima ma ka ʻaoʻao i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e ke keiki ** (maʻa mau 20 a 40 degere o ka hoʻololi ʻana) ma ka hoʻomaha ʻana ma luna o kahi uluna i paʻa ma ko lākou ʻaoʻao, a e nānā koke i ko lākou mau manamana lima ʻaʻulaʻula, mahana, a hiki ke wili** (inā haikea ka lima, ke anu, ka polū, a i ʻole ka ʻāʻī, a mālama ʻia ma ke ʻano he maʻi vascular. 911/112/999).

2. Kiʻekiʻe-wind trampoline lofting (lele kila kila missiles)

E like me ka hale hoʻolele hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, he 4.2-mika (14-foot) backyard trampoline he peʻa polypropylene nunui i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i loko o ke apo kila tubular māmā ʻo 60 a 90 kilokani wale nō (130 a 200 paona). Ke hili ʻia ka hekili ma mua o 50 kilomita i kēlā me kēia hola (31 mau mile i kēlā me kēia hola) ma lalo o ka moena, lele ka trampoline ʻaʻole i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka lewa, e haki ana ma nā puka aniani pā hale noho, hoʻopaʻa i nā hale, a i ʻole nā laina uila ma luna: - Mandatory Ground Anchoring: Pono e hoʻopaʻa ʻia kēlā me kēia trampoline i waho i ka honua me ma ka liʻiliʻi loa he 4 mau mea koʻikoʻi galvanized steel corkscrew auger stakes i wili ʻia he 40 kenimika (16 iniha) hohonu i loko o ka lepo a nakinaki ʻia ma luna o ke apo poʻomanaʻo nui (no ka mea, ʻo nā kumu wāwae trampoline e hiki ke paheʻe wale i ke kumu me ka ʻole o lalo. moena e huki i waho o na wawae a lele aku). - Ma mua o ka ʻino nui a i ʻole ka Hurricane: Inā ʻike ʻia nā makani ikaika ma luna o 65 mau kilomita i ka hola (40 mau mile i kēlā me kēia hola), e lawe i 10 mau minuke e wehe i ka moena a me ka ʻupena palekana i pā ʻole ai ka makani ma ke apo kila.

Ka papa inoa palekana o ka pā hale a me ka pā trampoline

Inā koho ʻoe e loaʻa i kahi trampoline o hope a i ʻole e kipa aku i kahi paka trampoline kalepa ʻoiai nā ʻōlelo aʻo a ka hui olakino e kūʻē i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka home, e hoʻokō i kēia mau lula ʻeono i hiki ʻole ke kūkākūkā i kēlā me kēia kau.

  • E hoʻokō i ke kānāwai koʻikoʻi "ONE JUMPER AT A TIME" me ka ʻole ʻokoʻa: ʻEkolu hapahā o nā ʻeha trampoline a pau i ka wā e kaʻana like ai ʻelua a ʻoi aku paha i ka moena. E kali i nā keiki e noho ma waho o ka ʻupena zipped a e hoʻololi pakahi i 2 mau minuke.
  • Kāʻe i nā kuʻekuʻe wāwae a pau, nā ʻūhā hope, a me nā paʻi mua: ʻO ka ʻūhā a me ka ʻōpala ke kumu helu ʻekahi o ka lolo mau o ka iwi kuamoʻo ma luna o nā trampolines a pono e hoʻomaʻamaʻa wale ʻia i loko o kahi keʻena hoʻomaʻamaʻa haʻuki ʻoihana i loko o kahi kāʻei ʻike ma lalo o kahi kaʻi i hōʻoia ʻia.
  • E hoʻopaʻa a hoʻopaʻa i ka ʻupena paʻa palekana MAMUA o ka lele ʻana a nānā i ka pā puna i kēlā me kēia pule: E hōʻoia ʻaʻole waimaka ka ʻupena pa, ua pani ʻia ka zipper a me nā pahu palekana, a ua nakinaki ʻia ka ʻūhā mānoanoa ** pūnāwai a me ka pahu uhi ** ma luna o 100 pakeneka o nā pūnāwai wili kila a me ke apo.
  • E wehe koke i ke alapiʻi hiki ke kū ʻole ke kanaka makua ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka trampoline: ʻO nā kamaliʻi ma lalo o 6 mau makahiki ka nui o ka pilikia o ka haʻihaʻi ʻana o ka papa ulu-palapala kokoke a me nā ʻeha iwi poʻo; ʻo ka wehe ʻana a me ka laka ʻana i ke alapiʻi e pale ai i ka piʻi ʻana o nā kamaliʻi i mālama ʻole ʻia.
  • E mālama i kahi 2.5 mika (8 kapuaʻi) palekana palekana ʻole a nānā i lalo o ka moena: E hoʻonoho i ka trampoline ma luna o ka mauʻu ma kahi o 2.5 mika (8 kapuaʻi) ka mamao mai nā pā, nā paia, nā pā paʻa, nā loko, a me nā hale hoʻoheheʻe, me 7.3 mika (24 kapuaʻi) o ka wehe ʻana o nā lālā a me nā uea. E nānā mau ʻaʻole ʻaʻohe keiki, kamaliʻi, a ʻīlio ʻohana paha e kolo ana ma lalo o ka moena trampoline ma mua o ka lele ʻana o kekahi ma luna (ʻo ka lele ʻana ma luna o ka moena e paʻi i ka mea e noho ana ma lalo).
  • Ma nā pāka trampoline kalepa, mai luʻu poʻo mua i loko o nā lua huʻihuʻi a hōʻalo i nā pā hale i ka lehulehu: Lele mau i loko o nā lua cube huʻa ka wāwae-mua me nā kuli e kukuli iki (ma hope o ka hōʻoia ʻana ua maopopo loa ka lua i ka mea lele mua), a mai ʻae i nā keiki liʻiliʻi e lele ma ka pā nui me nā ʻōpio a i ʻole nā ​​​​mākua.

E lawe i ka papa kōkua mua o nā keiki a me ka haʻi

Hiki i nā mākua a me nā alakaʻi o ka hui ʻōpio ke aʻo i ka hoʻopaʻa lima ʻana i ka spinal stabilization, ka mālama ʻana i ke koko, a me ka splinting lālā ma o ka hoʻopiha ʻana i kahi kōkua mua i hōʻoia ʻia. CPR ma o ke Keʻa ʻulaʻula, St John Ambulance, a i ʻole kahi mea lapaʻau pilikia kūloko.

Nīnau pinepine

No ke aha e hoʻokuʻu koke ai nā mea ʻē aʻe ma ka trampoline inā pae kekahi ma ko lākou ʻāʻī a poʻo paha?

Hana ʻia kahi moena trampoline i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e like me ke poʻo pahu hoʻomau nui kahi e hoʻouna ai kēlā me kēia kapuaʻi wāwae a i ʻole ka bounce i nā hawewe elastic ma ka ʻili holoʻokoʻa. Inā pae ʻino ka mea lele ma ko lākou poʻo a ʻāʻī paha a loaʻa i ka ʻāʻī o ka ʻāʻī o ka ʻāʻī, ʻo kekahi keiki e hele wāwae ana a i ʻole ke kuʻi ʻana ma luna o ka moena e hoʻowiliwili ikaika ʻo ia a kulou i ka ʻāʻī o ka mea ʻeha, hiki ke ʻoki a ʻeha paha ke kuamoʻo a lilo i ka lolo mau loa. Pono ka poʻe a pau ma luna o ka trampoline e maloʻo koke, e hāʻule mālie i ko lākou mau lima a me nā kuli, a kolo mālie mai ka lihi o ka moena no laila hiki ʻole ka haʻalulu i ka mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka wā e paʻa ana ke poʻo o ke kanaka makua mai waho o ke kiʻi a kāhea aku i nā lawelawe pilikia.

No ke aha i pilikia ai ka "palua-palua" me na kanaka elua ma ka trampoline no na kamalii?

Wahi a ka American Academy of Pediatrics, he 75 pakeneka o nā ʻeha trampoline a pau ke lele ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi kanaka ma luna o ka moena i ka manawa like, me ke keiki liʻiliʻi a hiki i ka 14 manawa ʻoi aku ka ʻeha ma mua o ka mea lele kaumaha. Ke pae ka ʻōpio a makua paha ma luna o ka moena he ʻumi kekona ma mua o ka iho ʻana mai o kahi keiki liʻiliʻi, ʻo ka moena ʻōloʻolo e paʻi i luna e like me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā wāwae o ke keiki. ʻO ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i waho o ka pae e hoʻoili i ka ikehu kinetic e like me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ke keiki 3 a 4 mau mika (10 a 13 kapuaʻi) ma luna o ka ʻuala, me ka ʻoki ʻana i ka pā ulu ma ka piko o ka iwi ʻā ("trampoline fracture") a i ʻole ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ke keiki me ka ʻole o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o ke kiʻi kila.

He aha ka "trampoline fracture" o ke kamaliʻi, a no ke aha i hala mua ai nā mākua?

ʻO ka "trampoline fracture" he ʻoki ʻoki a i ʻole ka haʻihaʻi ʻana o ka iwi iwi kiʻekiʻe (proximal tibial metaphysis) ma lalo pono o ke kuli i nā keiki ma lalo o 6 mau makahiki, ma muli o ka paʻi piston piʻi o ka moena i ka wā e lele pū ai me kahi keiki ʻoi aku a makua paha. ʻAʻole e like me ka wāwae o ke kanaka makua, ʻo ka iwi o ke keiki liʻiliʻi he lima lima mānoanoa o waho e pale ai i ka iwi mai ka neʻe ʻana i waho o ke ala pololei, no laila ʻaʻole ʻike pinepine ʻia ke kino, ʻaʻohe ʻeha, a me ka pehu liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka hōʻailona hōʻailona nui, ʻo ia ka hoʻōki koke ʻana o ke keiki i ka lele ʻana, uē, a hōʻole ʻole e kū a kau i ke kaumaha ma kēlā wāwae; ʻAʻole pono ʻoe e koi iā lākou e "hele i waho," a pono ʻoe e haʻi pololei i ke kauka ua hoʻomaka ka ʻeha i ka wā e lele ana i ka trampoline lehulehu no laila ua kauoha ʻia nā hihi-X-ʻaoʻao a me ka splinting.

Pehea ʻoe e mālama ai i kahi keiki i pehu a piʻo paha kona kuʻekuʻe ma kahi kihi ʻē aʻe ma hope o ka hāʻule ʻana ma luna o kahi trampoline?

ʻO ka hāʻule ʻana ma luna o ka lima kīkoʻo ma luna o kahi trampoline ke kumu maʻamau ka haki ʻana o ka supracondylar humerus ma luna pono o ka hui kuʻekuʻe, kahi e noho ai nā ʻāpana iwi ʻoi millimeters mai ke aʻa brachial nui a me nā aʻalolo e ola ai ka lima. Mai ho'āʻo e hoʻopololei i ka kuʻekuʻe wāwae ʻino a mai hoʻoikaika i ka kuʻekuʻe lima ʻeha e kulou a hiki i ka 90 degere e komo i loko o kahi maʻa lima maʻamau, no ka mea, ʻo ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i ka ami hiki ke ʻoki i ke aʻa brachial a ʻoki i ke kahe koko i ka lima. Akā, e kākoʻo a paʻi i ka lima me nā uluna ma ka ʻāpana ʻāpana e paʻa ai ke keiki, e nānā i ka mahana a me ka ʻulaʻula o ko lākou mau manamana lima, a hele koke i kahi keʻena pilikia o ka haukapila.

Nānā ʻia nā kumu

  • ʻO ka American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Council on Sports Medicine and Fitness: Kuhi Kūkākūkā e pili ana i ka palekana Trampoline i ka wā kamaliʻi a me ka wā ʻōpio (75% Multi-Jumper Injury Data, Proximal Tibial Fractures, and Home Use Recommendations).
  • ASTM International (United States): ASTM F381 Standard Safety Specification for Components, Assembly, Use, and Labeling of Consumer Trampolines a me ASTM F2970 Standard Practice for Design, Manufacturing, Installation, Operation, Maintenance, Inspection and Major Modification of Trampoline Courts.
  • ʻO ke Komisina palekana o nā mea kūʻai aku o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa (CPSC, United States) a me ka Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents (RoSPA, United Kingdom): National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) Trampoline Trauma Bulletin and Enclosure/Anchor Safety Alerts.
  • ʻO American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons (AAOS) a me Pediatric Orthopedic Society of North America (POSNA): * Hoʻoponopono Klinical o Pediatric Supracondylar Humerus Fractures (Brachial Artery Protection) a me Proximal Tibial Metaphyseal Trampoline Fractures *.
  • British Standards Institution (BSI): *BS EN 13219 a me PAS 5000 kikoʻī no ke kūkulu ʻana a me ka hana ʻana i nā paka trampoline kūloko.

Nā alakaʻi pili