ʻO ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana no ka pilikia pilikia, ka haʻalele ʻana i ke alapiʻi, a me ka mālama wai¶

ʻO ka noho ʻana i loko o kahi hale hale kūʻai nui, hale kiaʻi condominium, a i ʻole hale kiʻekiʻe o ke kūlanakauhale e hoʻololi i nā lula āpau o ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka pōʻino. Ke hāʻule ka uila uila i kahi kiʻekiʻe, kū koke nā mea hoʻokiʻekiʻe, hoʻopau nā paila hoʻoikaika uila i ka hoʻokuke ʻana i ka wai piula ma luna o ka papahele ʻelima a ʻeono paha, pani ʻia ka ea uila, a me ka iho ʻana he 20 a i ʻole 40 mau lele o nā alapiʻi puka aniani e pono ai nā kukui a me nā kāmaʻa. ʻO ka ʻike i ka wā e noho ai i loko o kahi keʻena i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ke ahi me ka wā e haʻalele ai i nā alapiʻi kaomi ʻia, pehea e mālama ai i 14 mau lā o ka wai inu i loko o kahi keʻena liʻiliʻi, a pehea e wela ai, hoʻomālamalama, a hoʻomaʻemaʻe i kahi hale kū pololei me ka ʻole o ka pilikia ʻana o ka carbon monoxide e mālama pono i nā mea a pau o kāu ʻāpana.

E hana i kēia i kēia manawa¶

1. Himi a hele i nā alapiʻi puka pilikia ʻelua ma kāu papahele i kēia lā. Pono kēlā me kēia hale kiʻekiʻe o kēia manawa ma nā code hale a me ke ahi (e like me ka International Building Code a me NFPA 101 Life Safety Code) e loaʻa i ʻelua mau pā puka kūʻokoʻa i helu ʻia i ke ahi. E hele i lalo i nā alapiʻi ʻelua mai kou papahele a hiki i ka puka hoʻokuʻu alanui i kēia lā i ʻike ʻoe i ke alapiʻi e puka pololei ana i waho a me ka mea e hoʻokuʻu ai i loko o ka papa o ka papahele, a e hōʻoia ʻaʻole paʻa nā puka lalo iā ʻoe i loko o ke alapiʻi.
2. E hoʻopaʻa i ʻelua mau kāmaʻa paʻa paʻa, nā mīkina lima hana ʻili, ke kukui ʻulaʻula kiʻekiʻe, a me kahi respirator particulate (N95/FFP2) ma ka ʻaoʻao o kou wahi moe. I ke ōlaʻi pō, hoʻāla ahi, a i ʻole pahū, aniani haki, hāʻule ka pā maloʻo, a me nā alapiʻi ʻeleʻele a me ka lepo lepo e hoʻokuʻu ʻia i lalo he 20 mau kapuaʻi weliweli.
3. Mai hoʻohana i ka ʻeleke i ka wā o ka hoʻāla ahi, ke olai, ka ʻōlelo aʻo waikahe, a i ʻole ka mana paʻa ʻole. Hiki i ka wela a me ka uahi ke hoʻoneʻe i nā puka o ka ʻelewele a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea ʻike ʻike maka, e hoʻokuʻu i ke kaʻa ma ka papahele pololei i ke ahi, ʻoiai hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻoe ma waena o nā papahele me ka ʻole o ka ea a hoʻopakele no nā hola. E hoʻohana mau i nā alapiʻi ahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia.
4. E hoʻomaopopo i ka "pale ma kahi" (compartmentation) inā he ahi ma ka papahele ʻē aʻe. Ua hana ʻia nā hale kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a me ke kila me nā pā i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ke ahi he 1 a i ka 2 mau hola, nā papahele papa, a me nā pani pani paʻa ponoʻī i ke ahi i hoʻokahi ʻāpana. Inā ʻaʻohe ahi i loko o kou keʻena a ʻaʻohe uahi o kou alaloa, e noho i loko o kāu ʻāpana me ka sila i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka puka a kāhea aku i kou wahi. helu pilikia (911 ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me Kanada, 112 ma waena o ʻEulopa, 999 ma United Kingdom) hiki ke ʻoi aku ka palekana ma mua o ke komo ʻana i kahi alapiʻi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka uahi, ke ʻole ka ʻōnaehana leo hoʻāla ahi a i ʻole nā ​​mea puhi ahi e aʻo i kāu papahele e haʻalele.
5. E kūʻai ma kahi o 56 lita (15 US galani) o ka wai inu modular no kēlā me kēia kanaka ma nā wahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. No ka mea, ʻo ka piʻi nui o ke alanui o ke kūlanakauhale, hiki ke piʻi i nā papa mua 4 a i 6 wale nō me ka ʻole o nā pamu hoʻoulu hale uila, lilo nā hale o ka papahele ma luna o ka wai paipu a me ka lua i ka ʻeleʻele. E hoʻohana i nā pōhaku lepo HDPE he 10 a hiki i ka 20-lita (2.5-a-5-galani) hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma lalo o nā moena a ma ke kumu o nā paia e amo ana i ka ukana ma mua o ka pahu kaumaha hoʻokahi i hiki ke ʻoi aku ma mua o nā helu kaumaha o ka papahele noho.
6. Mai hoʻohana i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe ʻaila, pahu lanahu, a i ʻole mea hoʻoheheʻe propane ma luna o ka pā hale a i ʻole i loko o ka hale. ʻOiai ma ka pā hale kiʻekiʻe, nā ʻili makani a me nā ʻaoʻao o ka hale ke kaomi ʻino e huki hou i ke kinoea kalapona monoxide (CO) make ma nā puka aniani hoʻoheheʻe a i loko o nā ʻāpana kokoke ma luna ou, ʻoiai e mālama ana i nā hale kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe. code a hana i ka pōʻino pahū.

flowchart TD
    Alarm["Kūlana Kiʻekiʻe: Alarm, Smoke, Blackout, or Quake"] --> TypeCheck{"He aha ka pilikia koke?"}
    TypeCheck -->|Fire or Smoke Inside Your Unit| GetOutNow["E haʻalele koke i nā kānaka a pau"]
    GetOutNow --> CloseDoor["Pani (Mai Laka) Kou Puka Keena Mahope ou i Pololi Ke ahi"]
    CloseDoor --> PullAlarm["Huki i ka Hale Alarm Fire Alarm ma ke ala e hiki ai i Stairwell"]
    PullAlarm --> CheckStair["Manaʻo i ka ʻīpuka alapiʻi me ke kua o ka lima: E nānā no ka uahi"]
    CheckStair -->|Clear of Smoke| Descend["E hele i lalo i ke alapiʻi paʻa lima: Mai hoʻohana i ka Elevator"]
    CheckStair -->|Smoke in Stairwell A| SwitchStair["ʻO ke ala keʻa i kahi ʻanuʻu ʻē aʻe B (A i ʻole kahi malu i loko o ka Unit inā paʻa ʻelua)"]
    TypeCheck -->|Fire Alarm on Another Floor| FeelUnitDoor["Manaʻo i kou Puka Mua a me kou Puka Puka me ke kua lima"]
    FeelUnitDoor -->|Hot or Hallway Full of Smoke| DefendInPlace["Pale ma kahi: Mai wehe i ka puka"]
    DefendInPlace --> SealDoor["Hoʻopaʻa i nā āpau puka me nā kāwele pulu a me ka lipine paʻa, pani i nā puka makani, kelepona i ka helu pilikia"]
    FeelUnitDoor -->|Cool and Hallway Clear| ListenPA["E hoʻolohe i ka Building Voice PA System a i ʻole nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo o ka Oihana Kinai Ahi"]
    ListenPA -->|Order to Evacuate Your Floor| CloseAndGo["E hopu i ka Go-Bag, e pani i ka puka, e iho i ke alapii akaka"]
    ListenPA -->|Instructed to Stay in Place| ReadyToGo["E mālama i nā kāmaʻa a me ka Go-Bag On, Monitor Door and PA System"]
    TypeCheck -->|Grid Blackout Only (No Fire)| BlackoutAction["E hōʻalo i nā Elevators, hoʻopiha i nā ʻauwaʻa/ipu ma mua o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻana o ka hale, e hoʻohana i ka lua-bike ʻauʻau."]

ʻO ke ahi kiʻekiʻe a me ka uahi hoʻoikaika kino: "Paʻa ma kahi" vs.¶

ʻAʻole like me ka hale paʻa lāʻau ʻohana hoʻokahi, kahi e hoʻopau ai ke ahi i ka hale holoʻokoʻa ma lalo o 3 mau minuke a ʻo ka haʻalele koke ʻana e koi mau ʻia, nā hale kiʻekiʻe (i wehewehe ʻia e ka National Fire Protection Association ma NFPA 101 a me ka International Building Code ma ke ʻano he mau hale me kahi papahele i noho ʻia ma mua o **23 mika, a i ʻole 75 kapuaʻi o ke keʻena kiʻekiʻe o ke keʻena ahi. ma ke kumu hana ʻenekinia i kapa ʻia ʻo compartmentation.

Pehea ka hana ʻana o ka compartmentation kiʻekiʻe¶

I loko o kēia mau lā i hoʻoikaika ʻia i ka pōhaku kiʻekiʻe a me nā kila pale ahi. - Kūkulu ʻia kēlā me kēia keʻena ma ke ʻano he keʻena ahi hoʻokahi i hoʻopuni ʻia e nā papa papa lepo a me nā ʻāpana ahi gypsum/masonry i helu ʻia e pale i ke komo ʻana i ke ahi no 1 a 2 mau hola. - ʻO nā puka komo hale a me nā puka alapiʻi he mau hui pani pani ponoʻī i hoʻolālā ʻia e pale i ka lapalapa a me nā kinoea wela loa. - Hoʻolako ʻia nā alapiʻi kiʻekiʻe me ka mīkini ** peʻa kaomi ʻana i ke alapiʻi** e puhi ana i ka ea hou o waho i ke kumu alapiʻi ke hoʻāla ʻia kahi puʻupuʻu, e mālama ana i ke kaomi ea maikaʻi i loko o ke alapiʻi no laila ʻaʻole hiki i ka uahi mai kahi alapiʻi ke hoʻokuke aku ma mua o ka puka alapiʻi ke wehe ʻia e ka poʻe haʻalele.

Ka hoomaopopo ana i ka "Stack Effect" (chimney effect) ma na hale kiekie¶

I ka wā anuanu, ʻoi aku ka mahana o ka ea i loko o kahi hale 30-papa i wela a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ke anuanu o waho. Hoʻokumu kēia ʻokoʻa wela i ka **hopena hoʻopaʻa **: piʻi wikiwiki ka ea i loko o nā ʻea ʻeleʻele, nā alapiʻi, nā ʻauʻau holoi lole, a me nā alualu paipu kū pololei e like me ke kapuahi nunui. Ma nā ʻano wela wela a i ʻole nā ​​hale kiaʻi kau wela, hiki mai kahi hopena hoʻopaʻa hope, e huki ana i ka uahi i lalo ma o nā kumu kū pololei. Ma muli o ka hopena o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana, hiki i ka wehe ʻana i ka puka makani hoʻokahi i loko o ke keʻena ʻā a i ʻole ka wehe ʻana i kahi puka ahi alapiʻi ma kahi papahele haʻahaʻa hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe i ka makapō, ka uahi ʻawaʻawa i 25 mau papahele i nā minuke.

ʻO ke ola haʻalele ʻana i ke alapiʻi: hoʻokele i nā mokulele 10 a 60 me ka palekana¶

ʻO ka iho ʻana he 30 mau mokulele o nā ʻanuʻu kīwaha puka ʻole i ka wā o ka ulia pōpilikia ke koi kino a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka wā e pōʻeleʻele ai nā kukui uila ma hope o 90 mau minuke.

1. Nā papahele komo hou a me nā puka alapiʻi i paʻa¶

No ka pale ʻana i ka poʻe ʻaihue mai ka ʻauwana ʻana ma luna o nā papahele hale, nui nā hale kūʻai a me nā hale noho kiʻekiʻe e laka i ka ʻaoʻao o ke alapiʻi o nā puka alapiʻi me ka paʻa ʻana o nā lima o ke alapiʻi i loko koe wale nō ma nā ** papa komo hou ** (maʻamau i kēlā me kēia 4 a hiki i 5 papa, hōʻailona ʻia e kahi hōʻailona ma ka paia i loko o ke alapiʻi). Ma lalo o nā code kūkulu hale hou (IBC Section 1010), pono e wehe 'akomi nā puka alapiʻi i paʻa mai ka ʻaoʻao alapiʻi i ka wā e hoʻā ai ke ahi a i ʻole e pau ka mana o ke kūkulu hale. Eia nō naʻe, ma nā hale kahiko me nā laka paʻa ʻole uila, inā ʻoe e komo i kahi alapiʻi i ka wā o ka ʻeleʻele ahi ʻole a hele i lalo i 6 mau mokulele e ʻike wale i kahi keakea, pono paha ʻoe e hele i luna a i lalo paha i kahi re-entry floor e hoʻi ai i ke alaloa. E lawe mau i kāu mau kī hale i loko o kāu ʻeke i nā manawa a pau e komo ai ʻoe i ke alaloa a i ʻole ke alapiʻi.

2. Nā ala kaʻa kaʻa a me ka hoʻopaʻi lima lima¶

I ka wā o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o ka hale, ʻelua mau kahe i ka manawa like i loko o ke alapiʻi: nā kamaʻāina e hele ana i lalo ** a me nā mea kuni ahi e piʻi ** i luna ** e lawe ana i 35 kilokani (75 paona) o nā hose, nā mea hanu, a me nā mea hana hoʻokomo ikaika. - E mālama i loko (a i ʻole ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau i koho ʻia) ma ka faila hoʻokahi a waiho i kahi ala ākea no nā poʻe kinai ahi e piʻi ana a i ʻole nā ​​hui hoʻopakele e halihali ana i nā kamaʻāina ʻeha. - E hoʻopaʻa i ʻekolu mau wahi pili a i ʻole ka hoʻopaʻa mau ʻana i ke alapiʻi lima. E waiho ʻole i kou lima nui (e hoʻohana i ke kukui poʻo a me ke ʻeke ʻeke ma mua o ka lawe ʻana i nā ʻeke kūʻai ʻilika a i ʻole nā ​​ʻeke ma nā lima ʻelua). - Mai ʻaʻahu i nā kuʻekuʻe wāwae kiʻekiʻe, nā paʻa paʻa, nā paʻipaʻi, a i ʻole nā ​​​​pūkuʻu ma kahi alapiʻi sika. ʻO nā alapiʻi pulu mai nā mea hoʻopuʻu ahi i hoʻāla ʻia a i ʻole nā ​​hono paipu ahi ahi i loko o ka pae ʻana i ke alapiʻi e pahee koke nā kapuaʻi.

3. Hoʻokuʻu i nā kamaʻāina me ke kino kīnā mai nā papahele o luna¶

Inā hoʻohana ʻoe a i ʻole kekahi lālā o ka hale i kahi noho huila, mea hele wāwae, a ʻaʻole hiki ke hele i lalo i ke alapiʻi me ke kōkua ʻole, e hoʻolālā i mua ma mua o ka hiki ʻana mai o kahi pilikia: 1. ** E ʻimi i ka "Area of ​​Refuge" (Area of ​​Rescue Assistance):** He mau alcoves pae ʻāina i helu ʻia i ke ahi i nā hale kiʻekiʻe o kēia wā i loko o nā pā alapiʻi a i ʻole nā ​​lobbies i hoʻolako ʻia me nā ʻōnaehana intercom pilikia ʻelua ala i hoʻopili pololei ʻia i ka papa kuhikuhi ahi. 2. E hoʻopaʻa inoa me ka hoʻokele hale a me ka Voluntary Vulnerable Needs Registry o ke keʻena kinai ahi: E hōʻoia i ka mālama ʻana o ka concierge hale a i ʻole ka luna waiwai i ka manawa hou Mobility Assistance List i loko o ka pahu kauoha ahi (Knox Box) no laila e ʻike nā kapena ahi e hōʻea mai i ka minuke e pono ke kōkua i ke alapiʻi. 3. E mālama i kahi noho hoʻokuʻu alapiʻi maʻalahi a i ʻole ka lawe pahu hoʻopakele lole i loko o kou keʻena: I loko o ka hale me ʻelua mau mākua kahi e hoʻohana ai kekahi i ka noho huila, e mālama ana i kahi noho hoʻokuʻu alapiʻi i hoʻolako ʻia i ke ala (e lele ana i lalo i nā ihu o ke alapiʻi me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ala kuʻi) a i ʻole kahi mea hoʻopakele ma ka webbed hana kaumaha e lawe i kahi noho hoʻopakele ma ka ʻaoʻao a i ʻole ka ʻohana. E ʻike i kā mākou alakaʻi ma nā kino kīnā a me nā pono olakino i nā pilikia.

ʻO ka waiho ʻana o ka wai kiʻekiʻe: ka hahau ʻana i ka pau ʻole o ka pauma booster a me nā palena haʻahaʻa o ka papahele¶

I loko o ka hale ʻohana hoʻokahi a i ʻole ke keʻena papahele papahele, mālama mau ʻia nā kumu wai o ke kūlanakauhale i kanu ʻia ma lalo o ke alanui i ka 275 a 550 kilopascals (40 a 80 paona i kēlā me kēia ʻīniha square) o ke kaomi hydraulic, ua lawa ia no ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka wai paipa i luna aʻe ** 15 a 20 mika (50 a 65 kapuaʻi)**, a hiki i ka papa uila. iho.

Ma luna o ka papahele 6, lanakila ka gravity. Ke hilinaʻi nei nā hale kiʻekiʻe i ʻelua ʻōnaehana no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka wai i nā papahele o luna: 1. Pūmū hoʻoulu wai hale uwila ma ka hale lalo a i ʻole ka papahele mīkini, ka mea e hoʻopau ai i ka mana o ka mākia hikiwawe ke ʻole ke hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka hale hoʻoheheʻe pilikia. 2. Nā pahu wai koʻikoʻi ma luna o ka hale, kahi e paʻa ai ka wai i hoʻokahe koke ʻia i ka wā e holoi ai nā haneli o nā kamaʻāina i nā halepaku a holo i nā paipa i ka wā ʻeleʻele. I ka wā e kahe ai ka pahu o ka hale, e nalowale nā ​​paipu o ka papahele o luna a hiki ke huki i kahi ʻūhā, e koi ana iā ʻoe e mālama i kou wai ponoʻī i loko o kāu ʻāpana.

Ke helu ʻana i nā palena haʻahaʻa o ka papahele no ka mālama ʻana i ka wai o ka hale¶

He kaumaha ka wai: 1 lita o ka wai he 1 kilokani (1 ke galani US he 8.34 paona). ʻO ka pahu wai poli 208-lita (55-galani) maʻamau ʻo 208 kilokani (460 paona) i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma kahi kapuaʻi pōʻai o 0.28 mau mika square wale nō (3 kapuaʻi square), e hoʻoikaika ana ma mua o 150 paona i kēlā me kēia kapuaʻi square (7.3 kilopascals) o ka ukana kiko kūloko. Hoʻolālā nā loina hale noho maʻamau i ka lumi noho a me nā papahele lumi moe no ka ukana ola like ʻole o 1.9 kilopascals (40 paona no kēlā me kēia kapuaʻi square). Hiki i ke kau ʻana i ka pahu he 208-lita (55-galani) i waenakonu o kahi papa hale lāʻau kahiko e hoʻoulu ai i ka haʻi ʻana a i ʻole ka pohā.

Pehea e mālama pono ai i nā lā 14 o ka wai i loko o kahi hale liʻiliʻi¶

Manaʻo ka World Health Organization (WHO) a me FEMA e mālama i ka liʻiliʻi loa 4 lita (1 US galani) i kēlā me kēia kanaka i kēlā me kēia lā, e like me 56 lita (15 US galani) no hoʻokahi kanaka no 14 mau lā, a i ʻole 112 lita (30 US galani) no kahi hale ʻelua kanaka. E hoʻokaʻawale i kēlā kaumaha me ka palekana me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hoʻolālā modular:

ʻO ka mana waho-grid, hoʻomehana, a me ka kuke ʻana i loko o kahi keʻena me ka ʻole o ke kalapona monoxide¶

I loko o kahi hale kaʻawale me ka pā hale nui, hiki i nā mea hale ke hoʻokele i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe gasoline portable 6 mika (20 kapuaʻi) mai ka hale a i ʻole ke kuke ʻana ma ka propane backyard grill. ** ʻAʻole i loaʻa ia koho ma ka hale a me ka poʻe noho kiʻekiʻe.** ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea puhi ahi i loko a i ʻole ma ka lanai o kahi hale ʻāpana lehulehu he mea make a me ke kānāwai ʻole ma lalo o nā code ahi o ke aupuni.

1. Ka mana hoʻihoʻi hale noho palekana: Lithium Iron Phosphate (\(LiFePO_4\)) nā kikowaena mana.¶

Ma kahi o ka mīkini hana puhi wahie, pono e hilinaʻi ka poʻe noho ma kahi kekuhi uila hiki ke hoʻoiho hou ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka Lithium Iron Phosphate (\(LiFePO_4\)) kemika pākahiko: - ** ʻAʻohe hū, ʻaʻohe walaʻau, palekana i loko:** No ka mea, ʻo ka hale hoʻokohu uila hiki ke mālama i ka uila ma mua o ka puhi ʻana i ka wahie, hoʻopuka ʻo ia i ka carbon monoxide, ʻaʻohe walaʻau e huki i ka manaʻo i loko o kahi hale pouli, a he 100% kū kānāwai i loko o kekahi hale. - No ke aha he \(LiFePO_4\) waiwai kemika i loko o ka hale: ʻO nā ʻōhua lithium-ion (NMC/cobalt) kahiko e lawe i ka pilikia nui o ka holo ʻana i ka wela ke ʻeha a wela paha. Lithium Iron Phosphate (\(LiFePO_4\)) paʻa ka wela a me ke kemika, ʻaʻole e puhi i ke ahi ma lalo o nā hoʻokolohua koʻikoʻi maʻamau, a lōʻihi no 3,000 a 4,000 mau kaʻina hana (ma kahi o 10 mau makahiki). - Hoʻopiha hou i ka lā o ka lākeke a i ʻole pukaaniani: E hoʻohui i kahi kikowaena uila 500-a-2,000-watt-hour (\(Wh\)) me kahi 100-a-200-watt folding portable solar panel. I loko o ka pō ʻeleʻele i nā lā he nui, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻopaʻa i ka ʻaoʻao pelu i ka lā e kū pono ana i ka lā (e hoʻohana ana i nā kaula zip UV kaumaha a i ʻole nā ​​​​carabiners stainless no laila ʻaʻole hiki i nā makani kiʻekiʻe ke puhi iā ia ma ke alanui) a i ʻole e hoʻopaʻa iā ia i loko o ka puka aniani e hoʻopiha ai i nā kelepona, nā mīkini CPAP lapaʻau, nā lekiō, a me nā kukui LED. E nana palekana generator no ka helu mana wattage.

2. ʻO ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka meaʻai a me ka kuke ʻana¶

Ke pio ka uila a me ke kinoea hale, mai lawe mai i ka pahu lanahu, kapuahi propane hoʻomoana, a i ʻole kapuahi hoʻihoʻi kinoea keʻokeʻo i loko o kou keʻena. - Ke koho mua (nā meaʻai ʻaʻole kuke): E kūʻai mai 7 a i 14 mau lā o nā meaʻai paʻa paʻa (nā iʻa a me nā ʻiʻo hiki ke ʻai ʻia, nā pākīkī, nā huaʻai, ka waiū UHT, nā pahu protein, a me nā kopa hiki ke ʻai ʻia ma ka wela lumi). - ** Ka lua koho (Pele uila a i ʻole ka pā wela hoʻokomo ma kahi pākaukau \(LiFePO_4\)):** ʻO ka hoʻolapalapa ʻana i 500 milliliters (2 kīʻaha) o ka wai no ka oatmeal koke, nā meaʻai maloʻo maloʻo, a i ʻole nā ​​mea pēpē pēpē i loko o kahi ipu huakaʻi hele uila 600-a-1,000-watt liʻiliʻi he 4 mau minuke a hoʻopau i ka pā uila ma lalo o 7 50 watts. ka uahi a me ke kalapona monoxide. - Kolu koho (Chafing dish gel fuel / Sterno cans with crack window ventilation): Inā ʻaʻohe ou wahi pākahiko a pono ʻoe e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka sopa a i ʻole e hoʻolapalapa i ke kīʻaha wai i loko o ka hale, e hoʻohana wale i loko o ka helu diethylene glycol a i ʻole ethanol chafing gel cans (Sterno) i loko o kahi kapuahi metala paʻa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma luna o ka pahu pahu metala. ʻīniha) a me ka **carbon monoxide alarm ** e noho ana ma ka pākaukau ma ka ʻaoʻao o ʻoe. Mai hoʻohana i nā kapuahi waiʻona wai e hiki ke hoʻokahe i ka wai wela ke kuʻi.

3. E noho mehana ma kahi ʻeleʻele hoʻoilo kiʻekiʻe me ka ʻole o nā mea wela¶

ʻO nā papahele o luna o nā pā aniani-pākuʻi kiʻekiʻe e lilo koke ka wela i ka wā e pani ʻia ai nā boiler hale waena a i ʻole nā ​​puma wela i ka hoʻoilo. - Kūkulu i kahi "micro-environment" (tent-inside-a-room): Ma kahi o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana e hoʻomāhana i kahi keʻena holoʻokoʻa 80-square-mika (850-square-foot), e koho i hoʻokahi lumi lumi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi i loko a i ʻole ke alahele ma waho o nā puka aniani o waho. E kau i kahi hale lole liʻiliʻi 2 a 4 kanaka ma luna pono o kou moena a i ʻole ka moena lumi lumi, e hoʻomoe i nā pākeʻe a me nā mea hōʻoluʻolu ma luna o ka lele, a e moe i loko o ka hale lole i nā papa wela a me kahi ʻeke moe. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ka wela o ke kino o ke kanaka i ka lewa liʻiliʻi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia o ka hale lole i loko e 8 a 12 degere Celsius (15 a 22 degere Fahrenheit) ma luna o ka wela o ka lumi me ka ʻole wahie. - E hoʻohana i 12-volt DC pumehana pākeʻe i hoʻohana ʻia e ke kahua pākaukau: ʻO kahi mea hoʻomehana ākea 120V/230V maʻamau e huki i 1,500 watts a hoʻokahe i kahi pākahiko paʻa i loko o 45 mau minuke. ʻO ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana, he 12-volt DC uila hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻo ka pākeʻe uila i hoʻopili ʻia i loko o ke awa 12-volt o kahi kikowaena uila e hoʻomaʻamaʻa pono i kou kino i loko o kāu ʻeke moe ʻoiai e huki wale ana i ka 35 a 45 watts.

ʻO ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana o ka lua wai kiʻekiʻe a me nā pilikia ulia pōpilikia¶

Ke pau ka mana ma kahi hale kiʻekiʻe, lilo ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe i pilikia ma mua o ka hale kaʻawale. 1. No ke aha ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e holoi a ninini i ka wai ma nā ʻauwai inā e hoʻopiha ʻia nā papahele haʻahaʻa: ʻO kēlā me kēia pūʻulu kūpaʻa o nā keʻena e kaʻana like i ka hao hoʻokahi a i ʻole PVC puʻu lepo kūpaʻa (sewer drainpipe). Inā hoʻopaʻa ka ʻino, ka wai kahe, a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea hoʻoheheʻe kūloko o ke aupuni i ka puka ʻana o ka ʻili o ka hale nui ma lalo, a hoʻomau ka poʻe noho ma ka papahele 5 a hiki i 30 i ka holoi ʻana i nā halepaku me ka wai bākeke a i ʻole nā ​​ʻauʻau ʻauʻau ʻauʻau, ʻo ia mau mea hoʻoheheʻe maka a pau i lalo i ka paipu kūpaʻa a hū aʻe i waho o nā halepaku, nā ʻauʻau, a me nā poho o nā hale noho, 3 papa ma ka papahele. 2. Inā ʻoe e noho ana ma ka papahele 1 a hiki i ka 4: ʻO kāu mau mea ʻauʻau ʻauʻau ka pahu hoʻomaha no ka hale kiaʻi holoʻokoʻa ma luna ou inā e hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka laina hoʻoheheʻe hale nui. E hoʻopaʻa i kahi ** pahu hoʻāʻo hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia i ka ʻōpala a i ʻole ka pahu hoʻoheheʻe ʻauʻau koʻikoʻi a me nā ʻeke one ma ka lima e hoʻopili i kou ʻauʻau ʻauʻau a me ke kīʻaha lua ke lohe ʻoe i ka hū ʻana mai nā paipu ma lalo. 3. E hoʻonohonoho i kahi lua wai maloʻo maloʻo maloʻo i loko o kou lumi ʻauʻau: I ka manawa e hāʻule ai ke kaomi wai a ʻōlelo paha ka hoʻokele no ka pau ʻole o ka pauma wai, e pani i ka pahu wai ma hope o kou halepaku, e laina i ke kīʻaha maloʻo maloʻo (a i ʻole ʻelua mau bākeke 19-lita / 5-galani) me nā ʻeke ʻōpala biodegradable kaumaha, a hoʻohui i ka ʻōpala kitty, ka ʻōpala paina a me ka ʻōpala paʻa i kēlā me kēia. nā mea ʻala.

Nā ōlaʻi a me ka makani nui ma nā hale o ka papahele o luna¶

ʻO ka luʻi liʻiliʻi ma nā hale kiʻekiʻe¶

ʻO nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o nā wahi seismic i kēia manawa ua hana ʻia i hiki ke maʻalahi no laila e ʻoluʻolu lākou me nā ʻale honua ma mua o ka paʻi ʻana. Inā noho ʻoe ma ka papahele 20 a i ʻole 40, e manaʻo ʻia ka hoʻonui ʻia o ke ōlaʻi: hiki ke oscillate ka papahele ma ka 0.3 a 1 mika (1 a 3 kapuaʻi) a ʻoi aku paha no kekahi mau minuke ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka haʻalulu ʻāina. - Hoʻokuʻu, uhi, a paʻa i waho mai ke aniani pākū waho: E neʻe koke mai nā puka makani a me nā balconies, e hele ma lalo o kahi papa ʻaina paʻa a i ʻole ke pākaukau e kū pono ana i ke kolamu a i ʻole ka paia o ke alahele, a paʻa a paʻa ke koli. - E hoʻopaʻa i kēlā me kēia pahu puke, televise, a me nā ʻaʻahu kiʻekiʻe i nā papa o ka paia: No ka mea, he koʻikoʻi ka wikiwiki o ka hahau ʻana ma ka papahele o luna, ua lilo nā mea lako ʻole i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a me nā waihona lumi kuke i mea pōʻino i ka lewa. E hoʻouka i ka earthquake museum putty ma lalo o nā mea hoʻohana countertop, nā kī puna ʻike keiki i loko o nā keʻena kīhini kiʻekiʻe, a me nā kaula seismic nylon e hoʻopaʻa ana i nā waihona puke a me nā mea lole i loko o ke kila a i ʻole nā ​​papa lāʻau.

ʻO ke kaomi makani kiʻekiʻe i ka wā o nā ʻino a me nā ʻino¶

ʻO ka wikiwiki o ka makani ma ka papahele 30 (90 mika / 300 kapuaʻi ma luna o ka honua) ʻo 20% a 35% kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka wikiwiki o ka makani i ana ʻia ma ka ʻili o ke alanui ma muli o ka nele o ka paʻi ʻana o ka honua. - E hoʻomaʻemaʻe i kou pā hale 24 mau hola ma mua o ka makani ʻino, ka ʻino, a i ʻole ka ʻino ʻino: E lawe mai i kēlā me kēia noho lāʻau, papaʻaina, ipu kanu, kaʻa kaʻa, a me ka moena puka i loko o kou keʻena. ʻO kahi ipu pua seramika i puhi ʻia mai ka lāʻi o ka papahele 25 e pā i ke alanui me ka wikiwiki o ka hopena. - E pani i nā puka o loko i loko o kou keʻena: Inā na ka makani kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole nā ​​ʻōpala lele e uhaʻi i ka puka makani o waho o ka lumi noho, hiki i ke kaomi ʻana o ka ea maikaʻi i loko o kāu ʻāpana ke koi i kou puka mua e wehe. ʻO ka paʻa ʻana o nā puka lumi moe a me ka lumi ʻauʻau e hoʻokaʻawale i ke kaomi makani a hāʻawi iā ʻoe i kahi lumi palekana i loko.

Hale a me ka papa helu hoʻomākaukau no ka pilikia¶

E hoʻopau i kēia loiloi no ka hōʻoia ʻana ua mākaukau kāu ʻāpana no kahi kauoha ahi, ʻeleʻele, a i ʻole kahi hoʻomaha:

• E hele i nā alapiʻi puka ʻelua a hiki i ke alanui: E hōʻoia i kahi i hoʻokuʻu ʻia ai ʻo Stairwell A a me Stairwell B ma ka ʻilikai o ka honua, e nānā i nā papahele i hōʻailona ʻia ʻo ia nā papahele komo hou i wehe ʻia, a nānā i ka hana ʻana o nā kukui alapiʻi.
• E helu i nā puka mai kāu ʻāpana a i nā alapiʻi ʻelua: E hele i ke alapiʻi a helu i ka nui o nā puka hale a me nā huli e kū ana ma waena o kou puka mua a me kēlā me kēia puka alapiʻi i hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa ka puka i ka uahi ʻeleʻele.
• Kūkulu i kahi "Defend-in-Place Door Sealing Kit": E kūʻai **2 ʻōwili lipine 50-milimeter (2-ʻīniha) **, ʻokiʻoki ʻia i ka ʻili palaki no nā puka puka ʻauʻau / lumi kuke, a me 2 mau kāwele ʻauʻau pulupulu i loko o ka bākeke kokoke i kou puka mua.
• ** E kūʻai i 14 lā o ka wai inu modular (56 lita / 15 galani no kēlā me kēia kanaka):** E waiho i nā pōhaku wai HDPE hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma lalo o nā moena a i ʻole ma nā paia o ka pā keʻena ukana i loko o nā pā leak-contains, me kahi ** Bathtub Water Bob liner** i loko o ka lumi lumi.
• E hoʻokuʻu i ka Go-Bag a me Stairwell Kit ma kahi moe: E hoʻokomo i nā kāmaʻa lace paʻa, ke kukui a me ke kukui uila, nā mīkina lima hana ʻili, ka mask respirator N95/FFP2 i kēlā me kēia kanaka, kahi puʻupuʻu, nā kī hale, a me kahi pahu lā.
• E hoʻolako i kahi pahu hoʻomaʻemaʻe hale ʻole: E kūʻai i ʻelua bākeke 19-lita (5-galani) me kahi poʻi noho hale lua, nā ʻeke ʻōpala ʻelua hana kaumaha, a me kahi ʻeke 10-kilogram (22-paona) o nā pellet sawdust paina a i ʻole nā ​​ʻōpala popoki.
• E hoʻomākaukau i ka mana hoʻihoʻi i loko o ka hale a me nā kukui: E mālama i kahi \(LiFePO_4\) i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka mana uila, nā kukui LED hiki ke hoʻopaʻa hou ʻia, a me kahi mea ʻike ** uahi a me carbon monoxide (CO) i hoʻohana ʻia ma ka pākaukau ma kēlā me kēia pae moe.
• Hoʻonohonoho i kahi Pūnaehana Floor Buddy: E hoʻololi i nā helu kelepona a me nā helu hale me ʻelua mau hoalauna ma kāu papahele, e ʻike ana i nā poʻe ʻelemakule a i ʻole nā ​​hoalauna me nā hemahema e pono ai ke kōkua i ka nānā ʻana i nā mākaʻikaʻi a i ʻole ka lawe ʻana i ka wai ma ke alapiʻi.

Nīnau pinepine¶

Nānā ʻia nā kumu¶

• National Fire Protection Association (NFPA, United States / International): NFPA 101 Life Safety Code, High-Rise Building Evacuation and "Defend in Place" Safety Sheets, a me Emergency Evacuation Planning Guide for People with Disabilities.
• ** ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me ka Federal Emergency Management Agency (USFA / FEMA, United States):** High-Rise Fire Safety, *Hoʻomākaukau i nā hale noho a me nā hale kiʻekiʻe *, a me FEMA P-58 Seismic Performance Assessment of Buildings.
• ** Ke Keʻena Kinai Ahi o New York City a me NYC Emergency Management (FDNY / NYCEM, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa):** *Pale ʻana i ke ahi ma nā hale hale ʻaʻole ahi i ke ahi me nā hale hale ʻaʻole ahi * a me * mākaukau New York: alakaʻi kiʻekiʻe.
• ** ʻAha Kūkākūkā o nā Aliʻi Kinai Ahi a me ke Keʻena Home (NFCC, United Kingdom):** Ka Palekana ahi ma nā ʻāpana i kūkulu ʻia o ka hale ("Stay Put" Strategy vs. Simultaneous Evacuation).
• International Code Council (ICC, International): International Building Code (IBC) Mokuna 4 (High-Rise Buildings, Stairwell Pressurization, and Structural Live Loads).
• Nā kikowaena no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana a me ka pale ʻana i nā maʻi (CDC, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa): *Ka Paʻi ʻana i ka ʻona ʻana o Carbon Monoxide ma nā hale noho ʻohana lehulehu a me ke alakaʻi hoʻomaʻemaʻe hoʻomaʻemaʻe.

Nā alakaʻi pili¶

• Ka papa inoa o ka pahu ulia pōpilikia
• ʻeke hele a me ka ʻeke hoʻokuʻu
• Hoʻolālā pilikia ʻohana
• ʻO nā kino kīnā a me nā pono olakino i nā pilikia pilikia
• Nā ʻōlelo hoʻolaha wai paila a me ka palekana wai
• Helu pilikia