Skip to content

고층 및 아파트 비상 대비, 계단 대피 및 물 저장

긴급 전화번호는 국가마다 다릅니다.. 이 페이지에서는 미국과 캐나다의 전화번호인 911을 사용합니다. 다른 많은 국가에서는 112, 999 또는 다른 번호를 사용합니다. 해당 국가의 전화번호 찾기.

다층 아파트 건물, 콘도미니엄 타워 또는 도시의 고층 건물에 거주하면 재해 대비의 모든 규칙이 변경됩니다. 고층 건물의 전기 그리드에 장애가 발생하면 엘리베이터는 즉시 멈추고, 전기 부스터 펌프는 5층 또는 6층 위로 수돗물을 밀어내는 것을 멈추고, 기계적 환기가 차단되며, 창문 없는 계단을 20-40층 내려가려면 전용 조명과 신발이 필요합니다. 방화 구획 아파트 내부에 있어야 할 때와 압력이 가해진 계단통으로 대피해야 할 때, 작은 옷장 안에 14일분의 식수를 저장하는 방법, 일산화탄소 중독 위험 없이 수직형 주택을 난방, 조명 및 위생 처리하는 방법을 알면 집에 있는 모든 사람을 안전하게 보호할 수 있습니다.

지금 하세요

  1. 지금 귀하의 층에 있는 두 개의 비상구 계단통을 찾아 걸어가십시오. 모든 현대식 고층 건물에는 건물 및 화재 규정(예: 국제 건축 규정 및 NFPA 101 생명 안전 규정)에 따라 최소 2개의 독립적인 방화 등급 출구 인클로저가 있어야 합니다. 오늘 두 개의 계단통을 바닥에서 거리 배출구까지 걸어 내려가서 어느 계단통이 야외로 직접 나가고 어느 계단통이 1층 로비로 배출되는지 파악하고 맨 아래 문이 계단통 내부에 잠기지 않는지 확인하십시오.
  2. 튼튼하고 발가락이 막힌 신발, 가죽 작업용 장갑, 고루멘 손전등 및 미립자 호흡기(N95/FFP2)를 침대 바로 옆에 준비하십시오. 야간 지진, 화재 경보 또는 폭발 시 깨진 유리, 떨어진 마른 벽, 어둡고 먼지가 많은 계단통으로 인해 맨발로 20층의 콘크리트 계단을 내려가는 것은 위험합니다.
  3. 화재 경보, 지진, 홍수 경고 또는 불안정한 전력망 중에는 엘리베이터를 사용하지 마십시오. 열과 연기로 인해 엘리베이터 샤프트 도어가 휘어지거나 광학 센서가 작동하여 불이 붙은 정확한 층에서 운전실이 멈출 수 있으며, 지진으로 인한 흔들림이나 전력 변동으로 인해 몇 시간 동안 환기나 구조 접근이 불가능하여 층 사이에 갇히게 될 수 있습니다. 항상 밀폐된 화재 계단을 이용하십시오.
  4. 화재가 다른 층에 발생한 경우 "제자리 방어"(구획)를 이해하십시오. 현대식 콘크리트 및 강철 고층 건물은 1-2시간 내화 등급 벽, 콘크리트 슬래브 바닥 및 단일 유닛에 대한 화재를 진압하기 위해 자동으로 닫히는 방화문으로 설계되었습니다. 아파트에 화재가 발생하지 않았고 복도에 연기가 없는 경우, 문을 봉인한 채 유닛 내부에 머무르고 지역 주민에게 전화하십시오. 긴급 전화번호 (미국과 캐나다에서는 911, 유럽 연합 전역에서는 112, 영국에서는 999) 건물 화재 경보 음성 시스템이나 소방관이 층별 대피를 지시하지 않는 한 연기로 오염된 계단으로 들어가는 것보다 더 안전할 수 있습니다.
  5. 낮고 하중을 견딜 수 있는 벽장 공간에 1인당 최소 56리터(15 US 갤런)의 모듈식 식수를 저장하십시오. 도시 거리의 주요 압력은 일반적으로 건물 전기 부스터 펌프 없이 처음 4-6층까지만 도달하기 때문에 상층 아파트에서는 ​​흐르는 수돗물과 변기 물 내리는 시간이 모두 손실되어 정전이 됩니다. 주거용 바닥 중량 등급을 초과할 수 있는 단일 무거운 통보다는 침대 아래와 내력벽 바닥에 쌓을 수 있는 10-20리터(2.5-5갤런) HDPE 물 벽돌을 사용하십시오.
  6. 아파트 발코니나 실내에서 휘발유 발전기, 숯불 그릴 또는 통풍구가 없는 프로판 히터를 절대로 작동하지 마십시오. 야외 고층 발코니에서도 바람의 소용돌이와 건물 정면의 음압으로 인해 치명적인 일산화탄소(CO) 가스가 슬라이딩 유리문을 통해 바로 위의 이웃 유닛으로 유입됩니다. 반면 다가구 건물 내부에 액화 휘발유나 대형 프로판 실린더를 보관하는 것은 화재 규정을 위반하고 치명적인 폭발 위험을 초래합니다.
flowchart TD
    Alarm["고층 비상: 경보, 연기, 정전 또는 지진"] --> TypeCheck{"즉각적인 위험이란 무엇입니까?"}
    TypeCheck -->|Fire or Smoke Inside Your Unit| GetOutNow["즉시 모두 대피"]
    GetOutNow --> CloseDoor["화재를 진압하려면 뒤에 있는 아파트 문을 닫으세요(잠그지 마세요)."]
    CloseDoor --> PullAlarm["계단으로 가는 길에 복도 수동 화재 경보 장치를 당기세요"]
    PullAlarm --> CheckStair["손등으로 계단 문 느끼기: 연기 확인"]
    CheckStair -->|Clear of Smoke| Descend["난간을 잡고 계단 아래로 걸어가기: 엘리베이터를 절대 사용하지 마세요"]
    CheckStair -->|Smoke in Stairwell A| SwitchStair["복도를 건너 대체 계단 B로 이동(또는 둘 다 차단된 경우 숙소 내 대피소)"]
    TypeCheck -->|Fire Alarm on Another Floor| FeelUnitDoor["손등으로 현관문과 손잡이를 느껴보세요"]
    FeelUnitDoor -->|Hot or Hallway Full of Smoke| DefendInPlace["제자리 방어: 문을 열지 마세요"]
    DefendInPlace --> SealDoor["젖은 수건과 덕트 테이프로 문 틈을 막고, 통풍구를 차단하고, 긴급 전화번호로 전화하세요."]
    FeelUnitDoor -->|Cool and Hallway Clear| ListenPA["건물 음성 PA 시스템 또는 소방서 지침을 들어보세요."]
    ListenPA -->|Order to Evacuate Your Floor| CloseAndGo["비상용 가방을 챙겨 문을 닫고 계단을 내려가세요"]
    ListenPA -->|Instructed to Stay in Place| ReadyToGo["신발과 배낭을 착용하고 모니터 도어 및 PA 시스템"]
    TypeCheck -->|Grid Blackout Only (No Fire)| BlackoutAction["엘리베이터를 피하고, 지붕 탱크 배수 전에 욕조/냄비를 채우고, 양동이 양변기를 사용하세요."]

고층 화재 및 연기 역학: "제자리 방어" 대 수직 계단통 대피

화재가 3분 이내에 전체 구조물을 집어삼킬 수 있고 항상 즉각적인 대피가 필수인 단독 주택 목조 주택과 달리, 고층 건물(국가 화재 예방 협회의 NFPA 101 및 국제 건축법에서 정의된 점유 바닥이 소방서 차량 접근의 가장 낮은 수준보다 23미터 또는 75피트 이상, 대략 7층 이상인 건물로 정의)은 구획이라는 구조 공학 원칙에 따라 작동합니다.

고층 구획이 작동하는 방식

현대식 철근 콘크리트 및 내화 강철 고층 건물의 경우: - 각 아파트는 콘크리트 바닥 슬래브와 1-2시간 동안 화재 침투를 견딜 수 있는 등급의 석고/조적 방화 칸막이로 둘러싸인 개별 방화 구획으로 구성됩니다. - 아파트 입구 문과 계단 입구 문은 화염과 과열 가스를 차단하도록 설계된 방화 등급의 자동 폐쇄 조립체입니다. - 고층 계단통에는 기계식 계단 가압 팬이 장착되어 있어 경보가 울릴 때 신선한 실외 공기를 계단 통로로 불어 넣어 계단통 내부에 양의 기압을 유지하므로 대피자가 계단통 문을 열 때 불타는 복도에서 나오는 연기가 계단통 문을 지나 밀려나가지 않습니다.

고층 건물의 "스택 효과"(굴뚝 효과) 이해

추운 날씨에는 난방이 된 30층 건물 내부의 공기가 차가운 실외 공기보다 더 따뜻하고 부력이 좋습니다. 이러한 온도 차이로 인해 스택 효과가 발생합니다. 즉, 부력이 있는 실내 공기가 엘리베이터 샤프트, 계단, 세탁 슈트 및 거대한 굴뚝처럼 수직 파이프 위로 빠르게 상승합니다. 더운 열대 기후나 에어컨이 설치된 여름 타워에서는 역 스택 효과가 발생하여 연기가 수직 통로를 통해 아래로 끌어당깁니다. 연돌 효과로 인해 불타는 아파트에서 창문 하나를 열거나 낮은 층에 있는 계단통 방화문을 열면 눈이 멀고 유독한 연기가 몇 분 만에 25층 위로 퍼질 수 있습니다.

대본 기본 작업 단계별 생명안전 프로토콜
화재는 아파트 내부에서 시작됩니다 즉시 아파트에서 대피하세요. 1. 즉시 모든 사람을 아파트에서 내보내십시오.
2. 떠날 때 아파트 현관문을 뒤로 단단히 닫으세요. 문을 닫으면 산소가 차단되고 화염과 연기가 공용 ​​복도를 채우는 것을 방지할 수 있습니다.
3. 복도에 있는 수동 화재 경보기 풀 스테이션을 활성화합니다.
4. 가장 가까운 금연 출구 계단으로 들어가 거리로 내려간 후 밖으로 나오면 지역 응급 전화번호로 전화하세요.
화재 경보음이 울리고 화재는 다른 층에서 발생하며 복도는 깨끗합니다 건물의 단계별 대피 계획을 따르거나 투명한 계단을 통해 대피하세요. 1. 튼튼한 신발을 신고, 휴대용 가방, 아파트 열쇠, 손전등.
2. 손등으로 현관문과 금속 손잡이를 느껴보세요. 구멍을 통해 연기가 나는지 살펴보세요.
3. 건물의 비상 음성/경보 통신 시스템(EVACS)을 듣습니다. 많은 고층 건물에서는 단계적 대피(화재 층, 위 한 층, 아래 한 층 먼저 대피)를 사용합니다.
4. 계단통이 아래쪽에서 막히는 경우 아파트로 돌아갈 수 있도록 아파트 열쇠를 가져가세요.
복도 또는 양쪽 계단이 연기로 가득 차 있습니다 자택에서 방어하세요(아파트에 머무르세요). 1. 연기가 가득한 복도나 계단에 들어가지 마세요.
2. 현관문을 닫고 잠금 장치를 해제한 상태로 유지하십시오.
3. Stuff wet bath towels or sheets into the gap at the bottom of your entry door and seal perimeter seams with wide duct tape.
4. 연기 냄새가 배관을 통해 유입되는 경우 덕트 테이프와 플라스틱 시트로 욕실과 주방 배기구를 밀봉하십시오.
5. 지역 비상 전화번호로 전화하고 정확한 건물 주소, 층 번호, 아파트 번호를 말한 다음 밝은 천을 창문에 걸어(유리가 깨지지 않게) 위치를 표시하세요.

연기를 배출하기 위해 고층 창문을 부수지 말고 계단통 방화문을 열지 마십시오.

Never smash a window in a high-rise apartment unless thick smoke inside your room makes breathing impossible and no interior room is available. Breaking a high-rise window showers deadly shards of heavy plate glass onto firefighters and evacuees on the sidewalk below, and high-altitude wind roaring into the broken window can pressurize the fire on your floor or draw flames from a lower-floor window directly into your room. Similarly, never wedge or prop open a corridor or stairwell fire door; a propped fire door defeats stairwell pressurization and turns the entire stair shaft into a lethal chimney.


Stairwell evacuation survival: navigating 10 to 60 flights safely

Descending 30 flights of windowless concrete stairs during an emergency is physically demanding and disorienting, especially when emergency battery lighting dims after 90 minutes.

1. Re-entry floors and locked stairwell doors

To prevent burglars from wandering onto residential floors, many commercial and residential high-rises lock the corridor side of stairwell doors while keeping the inside stairwell handles locked except on designated re-entry floors (typically every 4 to 5 floors, marked by a sign on the wall inside the stairwell). Under modern building codes (IBC Section 1010), all locked stairwell doors must automatically unlock from the stairwell side whenever the building fire alarm activates or building power fails. However, in older buildings without electronic fail-safe locks, if you enter a stairwell during a non-fire blackout and walk down 6 flights only to find an obstacle, you may need to walk up or down to a marked re-entry floor to get back into a hallway. Always carry your apartment keys in your pocket whenever you step into a hallway or stairwell.

2. Stairwell traffic lanes and handrail discipline

During a full-building evacuation, two simultaneous flows occur inside the stairwell: residents walking down and firefighters climbing up carrying 35 kilograms (75 pounds) of hoses, breathing apparatus, and forcible-entry tools. - Keep to the inside (or designated right-hand side) in single file and leave an open lane for firefighters ascending or rescue teams carrying injured residents. - Maintain three points of contact or a continuous grip on the handrail. Leave your dominant hand free (use a headlamp and a backpack rather than carrying plastic grocery bags or suitcases in both hands). - Never wear high heels, flip-flops, slippers, or socks in a concrete stairwell. Wet stairs from activated fire sprinklers or firefighter standpipe connections located inside the stairwell landing make smooth soles slip instantly.

3. Evacuating residents with mobility disabilities from upper floors

If you or a household member uses a wheelchair, walker, or cannot walk down stairs without assistance, plan ahead before an emergency occurs: 1. Locate the "Area of Refuge" (Area of Rescue Assistance): Modern high-rises have fire-rated landing alcoves inside the stairwell enclosures or elevator lobbies equipped with two-way emergency intercom systems connected directly to the ground-floor Fire Command Center. 2. Register with building management and the local fire department's Voluntary Vulnerable Needs Registry: Make sure the building concierge or property manager keeps an up-to-date Mobility Assistance List inside the ground-floor Fire Command Box (Knox Box) so arriving fire captains know on minute one that a resident in your apartment requires stairwell evacuation assistance. 3. Keep a lightweight track-style stair evacuation chair or fabric rescue carry sled inside your apartment: In a household with two adults where one uses a wheelchair, storing a commercial track-equipped stairwell evacuation chair (which glides down stair noses using friction tracks) or a heavy-duty webbed rescue carry seat next to the front door allows a family member or two neighbors to bring a non-ambulatory person down the stairs. See our guide on disabilities and medical needs in emergencies.


High-rise water storage: beating booster pump failure and floor load limits

In a single-family house or ground-floor apartment, municipal water mains buried under the street typically maintain 275 to 550 kilopascals (40 to 80 pounds per square inch) of hydraulic pressure, which is enough to push tap water up roughly 15 to 20 meters (50 to 65 feet), or up to the 4th to 6th floor, even when the regional electrical grid goes down.

Above the 6th floor, gravity wins. Tall buildings rely on two systems to get water to upper floors: 1. Electric domestic water booster pumps in the basement or mechanical floor, which stop the instant grid power fails unless wired into a fueled building emergency generator. 2. Rooftop gravity water tanks, which hold a finite reserve of water that drains quickly once hundreds of residents flush toilets and run taps during a blackout. Once a rooftop tank drains, upper-floor pipes lose pressure and can pull a vacuum, requiring you to store your own water inside your unit.

Calculating structural floor load limits for apartment water storage

Water is heavy: 1 liter of water weighs 1 kilogram (1 US gallon weighs 8.34 pounds). A standard 208-liter (55-gallon) poly water barrel weighs 208 kilograms (460 pounds) concentrated on a circular footprint of just 0.28 square meters (3 square feet), exerting more than 150 pounds per square foot (7.3 kilopascals) of localized point load. Standard residential building codes design apartment living room and bedroom floors for a uniform live load of 1.9 kilopascals (40 pounds per square foot). Placing a 208-liter (55-gallon) drum in the center of an older wood-joist apartment floor can cause structural sagging or cracking.

How to store 14 days of water safely in a small apartment

The World Health Organization (WHO) and FEMA recommend storing at least 4 liters (1 US gallon) per person per day, which equals 56 liters (15 US gallons) for one person for 14 days, or 112 liters (30 US gallons) for a two-person apartment. Distribute that weight safely using modular strategies:

Storage Location in Apartment Container Type & Capacity Why This Location Is Structurally and Practically Ideal
Underneath the bed frame Flat stackable 10-to-13-liter (2.6-to-3.5-gallon) BPA-free HDPE "WaterBricks" or cases of 500-mL bottles Spreads 50 to 80 kilograms (110 to 175 pounds) across 2 to 3 square meters (20 to 32 square feet) of floor area, keeping floor loading well below 10 pounds per square foot while using zero closet space.
Bottom of closets along exterior or corridor load-bearing walls 15-to-20-liter (4-to-5-gallon) rigid square HDPE water jerrycans with spigots Floor joists and concrete slabs have maximum shear strength directly adjacent to load-bearing perimeter walls. Always keep containers inside a plastic washing-machine drain pan or heavy bin liner to protect neighbors downstairs from slow leaks.
Inside the bathtub (Immediate Emergency Fill) 일회용 식품 등급 플라스틱 욕조 물통(최대 245-380리터/65-100 US 갤런 수용) 욕조는 처음부터 욕조 전체와 성인 사람의 무게를 지탱할 수 있도록 설계되었습니다. 욕실 캐비닛에 밀봉된 식품 등급 폴리에틸렌 욕조 라이너를 보관하세요. 폭풍이 다가오거나 그리드가 깜박이는 순간, 라이너를 욕조에 놓고 건물 지붕 탱크나 부스터 펌프가 마르기 전에 수도꼭지에서 채우십시오.
Your residential hot water heater tank (If in-unit) Existing 115-to-190-liter (30-to-50-gallon) tank If your apartment has its own electric or gas tank water heater inside a utility closet, turn off the dedicated circuit breaker or gas valve first so the heating elements do not burn out dry, close the cold-water inlet valve at the top of the tank, open a hot-water faucet in the bathroom to break the vacuum, and drain clean water from the brass spigot at the bottom of the tank.

Protect downstairs neighbors from catastrophic water container leaks

Never store thin, translucent grocery-store 4-liter (1-gallon) milk-jug-style water containers in an apartment closet. Those jugs are blown from thin high-density polyethylene or biodegradable resin whose seams split after 6 to 9 months, leaking gallons of water through your floor into your downstairs neighbor's ceiling. Use only thick-walled, blue or white food-grade HDPE #2 rigid jerrycans or factory-sealed polyethylene terephthalate (PETE #1) bottled water cases placed inside a plastic boot tray or storage tote. For water treatment rules, see boil water notices and water safety.


Off-grid power, heating, and cooking in an apartment without carbon monoxide poisoning

In a detached house with a large backyard, homeowners can run a portable gasoline generator 6 meters (20 feet) from the building or cook on a propane backyard grill. Apartment and high-rise dwellers do not have that option. Using combustion appliances inside or on the balcony of a multi-unit building is both lethal and illegal under municipal fire codes.

1. Safe apartment backup power: Lithium Iron Phosphate (\(LiFePO_4\)) power stations

Instead of a fuel-burning generator, apartment residents should rely on a portable rechargeable battery power station using Lithium Iron Phosphate (\(LiFePO_4\)) battery chemistry: - Zero fumes, zero noise, indoor-safe: Because a portable battery power station stores electricity chemically rather than burning fuel, it emits zero carbon monoxide, makes no noise that attracts attention in a dark building, and is 100% legal inside any apartment. - Why \(LiFePO_4\) chemistry matters indoors: Older lithium-ion (NMC/cobalt) batteries carry a higher risk of thermal runaway if punctured or overheated. Lithium Iron Phosphate (\(LiFePO_4\)) cells are thermally and chemically stable, do not catch fire under standard stress tests, and last for 3,000 to 4,000 charge cycles (roughly 10 years). - Balcony or window solar recharging: Pair a 500-to-2,000-watt-hour (\(Wh\)) power station with a 100-to-200-watt folding portable solar panel. During a multi-day blackout, you can secure the folding panel to a sunny south- or west-facing balcony railing (using heavy-duty UV zip ties or stainless carabiners so high-altitude winds cannot blow it onto the street) or prop it inside a sunny window to recharge phones, medical CPAP machines, radios, and LED lanterns. See generator safety for power wattage calculations.

2. Safe indoor emergency food warming and cooking

When electricity and building gas are off, never bring a charcoal grill, camping propane stove, or white-gas backpacking stove inside your apartment. - First choice (No-cook foods): Stock 7 to 14 days of ready-to-eat shelf-stable foods (canned fish and meats, nut butters, crackers, fruit, UHT milk, protein bars, and canned soups that can be eaten at room temperature). - Second choice (Electric kettle or induction hotplate on a \(LiFePO_4\) battery): Boiling 500 milliliters (2 cups) of water for instant oatmeal, freeze-dried meals, or baby formula in a small 600-to-1,000-watt electric travel kettle takes only 4 minutes and consumes less than 50 to 70 watt-hours from a portable battery station, producing zero smoke and zero carbon monoxide. - Third choice (Chafing dish gel fuel / Sterno cans with cracked window ventilation): If you have no battery station and must warm soup or boil a cup of water indoors, use only indoor-rated diethylene glycol or ethanol chafing gel cans (Sterno) inside a stable metal folding stove placed on a metal baking sheet over your kitchen stove range, with a nearby window cracked 2.5 centimeters (1 inch) and a battery-powered carbon monoxide alarm sitting on the counter right next to you. Never use liquid alcohol stoves that can spill burning liquid if bumped.

3. Stay warm in a high-rise winter blackout without combustion heaters

Upper floors of glass-curtain-wall high-rises lose heat rapidly when central building boilers or heat pumps shut down in winter. - Build a "micro-environment" (tent-inside-a-room): Instead of trying to heat an entire 80-square-meter (850-square-foot) apartment, pick one small interior bedroom or hallway away from wind-chilled exterior glass windows. Pitch a small 2-to-4-person camping tent right on top of your mattress or living room rug, pile blankets and comforters over the tent fly, and sleep inside the tent in thermal base layers and a sleeping bag. Human body heat warms the small enclosed air volume of an indoor tent by 8 to 12 degrees Celsius (15 to 22 degrees Fahrenheit) above room temperature without any fuel. - Use 12-volt DC heated blankets powered by a battery station: A standard 120V/230V space heater draws 1,500 watts and drains a portable battery in 45 minutes. By contrast, a 12-volt DC electric heated throw blanket plugged into the 12-volt port of a portable power station warms your body directly inside your sleeping bag while drawing only 35 to 45 watts.


High-rise sewer backflow and toilet emergencies

When power fails in a tall building, sanitation becomes a crisis much faster than in a detached house. 1. Why you must never flush or pour water down drains if lower floors are flooded: Every vertical stack of apartments shares a single cast-iron or PVC vertical soil stack (sewer drainpipe). If a storm surge, flash flood, or municipal sewer backup blocks the main building sewer exit in the basement, and residents on floors 5 through 30 continue flushing toilets with bucket water or draining bathtubs, all of that raw sewage cascades down the vertical pipe and erupts out of the toilets, bathtubs, and sinks of apartments on the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd floors. 2. If you live on floors 1 through 4: Your bathroom fixtures are the relief valve for the entire tower above you if the main building sewer line plugs. Keep a rubber expandable test plug or heavy rubber drain stopper and sandbags on hand to plug your shower drain and toilet bowl if you hear gurgling from the pipes below. 3. Set up an immediate dry Twin-Bucket Toilet in your bathroom: The moment building water pressure drops or management warns of sewer pump failure, shut the water supply valve behind your toilet, line the dry toilet bowl (or two 19-liter / 5-gallon buckets) with heavy-duty biodegradable waste bags, and add kitty litter, pine sawdust pellets, or coco coir after each use to solidify waste and control odors.


Earthquakes and extreme wind in upper-floor apartments

Seismic sway in tall buildings

Modern high-rises in seismic zones are engineered to be flexible so they sway with earthquake ground waves rather than snapping. If you live on the 20th or 40th floor, an earthquake will feel amplified: the floor may oscillate horizontally by 0.3 to 1 meter (1 to 3 feet) or more for several minutes after ground shaking stops. - Drop, Cover, and Hold On away from exterior curtain-wall glass: Move immediately away from floor-to-ceiling windows and balconies, get underneath a sturdy dining table or desk against an interior structural column or hallway wall, and hold on until the swaying stops. - Anchor every bookcase, television, and tall wardrobe to wall studs: Because upper-floor whip acceleration is severe, unanchored furniture and kitchen cabinet contents become airborne hazards. Install earthquake museum putty under countertop appliances, child-proof spring latches inside high kitchen cabinets, and nylon seismic straps tying bookshelves and dressers into steel or wood wall studs.

High-altitude wind pressure during severe storms and hurricanes

Wind speeds at the 30th floor (90 meters / 300 feet above ground) are 20% to 35% higher than wind speeds measured at street level due to the lack of ground friction. - Clear your balcony 24 hours before any gale, derecho, or tropical storm: Bring every balcony chair, table, plant pot, bicycle, and doormat inside your apartment. A ceramic flower pot blown off a 25th-floor balcony hits the street at terminal velocity. - Close interior doors inside your apartment: If high-velocity wind or flying debris shatters an exterior living room window, positive air pressure rushing into your unit can force your front door open. Keeping bedroom and bathroom doors closed compartmentalizes wind pressure and gives you an intact interior safe room.


아파트 및 고층 건물 비상 대비 체크리스트

귀하의 장치가 화재, 정전 또는 대피 명령에 대비할 수 있는지 확인하려면 이 감사를 완료하십시오.

  • 두 출구 계단을 모두 거리로 이동합니다. 계단 A와 계단 B가 지상에서 배출되는 위치를 확인하고, 잠금 해제된 재진입 층으로 표시된 층을 확인하고, 계단 조명이 작동하는지 확인합니다.
  • 집에서 두 계단통으로 통하는 문 수를 세세요. 복도를 걸으며 칠흑 같은 연기 속에서 출구를 찾을 수 있도록 현관문과 각 계단통 문 사이에 얼마나 많은 아파트 문과 회전구가 있는지 세어보세요.
  • "제자리에 고정된 도어 씰링 키트" 만들기: 50mm(2인치) 덕트 테이프 롤 2개, 욕실/주방 배기구용 미리 절단된 플라스틱 시트, 면 목욕 타월 2장을 현관문 옆 양동이 안에 보관하세요.
  • Store 14 days of modular drinking water (56 liters / 15 gallons per person): Place stackable HDPE water bricks under beds or along load-bearing closet walls inside leak-containment trays, plus a Bathtub Water Bob liner in the bathroom.
  • 침대 옆에 수직 대피용 휴대용 가방과 계단통 키트 준비: 튼튼한 레이스업 신발, 헤드램프와 손전등, 가죽 작업 장갑, 1인당 N95/FFP2 호흡기 마스크, 호루라기, 아파트 열쇠 및 데이팩이 포함됩니다.
  • Equip a no-flush apartment sanitation kit: Store two 19-liter (5-gallon) buckets with a snap-on toilet seat lid, heavy-duty double waste bags, and a 10-kilogram (22-pound) bag of compressed pine sawdust pellets or clumping cat litter.
  • Prepare indoor-safe backup power and lighting: Maintain a charged \(LiFePO_4\) portable power station, rechargeable LED lanterns, and a battery-operated smoke and carbon monoxide (CO) detector on every sleeping level.
  • Organize a Floor Buddy Network: Exchange phone numbers and apartment numbers with at least two neighbors on your floor, identifying any older adults or neighbors with mobility needs who may need help checking alerts or carrying water up the stairs.

자주 묻는 질문

When a fire alarm goes off in a high-rise apartment building, should I always evacuate down the stairs or stay in my apartment?

If the fire is inside your own apartment, evacuate everyone immediately, close your front door behind you, pull the hallway fire alarm, and go down the stairs. If the fire is elsewhere in the building, feel your front door with the back of your hand and look through the peephole. If the hallway is clear of smoke, listen to the building's voice announcement system or evacuate down a smoke-free stairwell while carrying your apartment keys. However, if your front door is hot or the hallway/stairwell is filled with smoke, stay inside your apartment ("defend in place"), seal the door cracks and vents with wet towels and duct tape, call your local emergency number to report your floor and apartment number, and signal from a window without breaking the glass.

Why did my tap water stop running on the 12th floor only 15 minutes after the power went out?

Municipal street water mains typically only have enough pressure (275 to 550 kilopascals / 40 to 80 psi) to push water up 4 to 6 stories above the street. All floors above that rely on electric domestic water booster pumps in the basement or a rooftop gravity tank. When the power grid fails and your building's generator does not power the water pumps, upper floors lose water pressure almost immediately. Fill a bathtub liner and cooking pots the moment the lights flicker, and keep 56 liters (15 gallons) of modular stored water per person in your unit.

Is it safe to run a small portable inverter generator or propane heater on my open-air apartment balcony?

No. Running a gasoline, propane, or dual-fuel generator or charcoal grill on an apartment balcony is life-threatening and illegal under municipal fire codes. Wind turbulence against a high-rise building facade creates suction eddies that pull exhaust fumes and invisible carbon monoxide (CO) right back through balcony doors, window seals, and fresh-air intakes into your apartment and the apartments above you. Storing gasoline cans inside an apartment also creates a severe fire hazard. Use an indoor-safe Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4) battery power station instead.

How much water can I safely store in an upper-floor apartment without overloading the floor?

Standard residential apartment floors are engineered for a uniform live load of 1.9 kilopascals (40 pounds per square foot). While a single 208-liter (55-gallon) drum concentrates 208 kilograms (460 pounds) onto a 3-square-foot circle (over 150 pounds per square foot, which is unsafe for many floors), you can safely store 115 to 230 liters (30 to 60 gallons) of water in an apartment by distributing it in flat 10-to-20-liter (2.5-to-5-gallon) containers underneath beds and at the base of closets along load-bearing walls.

What should I do if I am inside a high-rise elevator when an earthquake strikes or the power fails?

If an earthquake starts while you are in an elevator, press the buttons for every floor immediately and exit at the first floor where the doors open. If the power fails and the elevator traps you between floors, do not try to pry open the doors or climb out of the ceiling hatch, as the elevator cab could move suddenly when power returns. Press the emergency intercom button inside the cab, call your local emergency number if you have a cell signal, tap on the metal door when you hear firefighters in the hallway, and sit on the floor until rescue crews lock out the power and open the doors.


확인된 소스

  • National Fire Protection Association (NFPA, United States / International): NFPA 101 Life Safety Code, High-Rise Building Evacuation and "Defend in Place" Safety Sheets, and Emergency Evacuation Planning Guide for People with Disabilities.
  • United States Fire Administration and Federal Emergency Management Agency (USFA / FEMA, United States): High-Rise Fire Safety, Preparedness in Apartments and High-Rise Buildings, and FEMA P-58 Seismic Performance Assessment of Buildings.
  • New York City Fire Department and NYC Emergency Management (FDNY / NYCEM, United States): Fire Safety in Fireproof vs. Non-Fireproof Apartment Buildings and Ready New York: High-Rise Guide.
  • National Fire Chiefs Council and Home Office (NFCC, United Kingdom): Fire Safety in Purpose-Built Blocks of Flats ("Stay Put" Strategy vs. Simultaneous Evacuation).
  • International Code Council (ICC, International): International Building Code (IBC) Chapter 4 (High-Rise Buildings, Stairwell Pressurization, and Structural Live Loads).
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, United States): Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Prevention in Multi-Family Dwellings and Emergency Sanitation Guidance.

관련 가이드