Stump Grinder, Trencher Chain, and Directional Drill Strike: ʻO ka mea hoʻohana i ke alo o ka mea hana a me ka palekana o ka pae ʻana.¶

ʻO nā ʻauwaha ʻeli hele wāwae, nā mea wili carbide kiʻekiʻe, a me Horizontal Directional Drills (HDD) ʻo ia ʻekolu o nā mīkini kala ʻole loa i ka hoʻoponopono ʻāina, ka hana pono, a me ka hoʻolimalima ʻana i nā lako hale. ʻO ka hele wāwae ma hope o ka ʻeli ʻana o ka auwaha e hoʻolele i ke kaulahao kila i ʻike ʻia me nā niho tungsten-carbide alligator ma 120 a 210 mika i kēlā me kēia minuke (400 a 700 kapuaʻi i kēlā me kēia minuke) oiai e kauo ana i ka mīkini i hope i ka mea hoʻohana; wili ʻia kahi huila ʻoki kila paʻa 40-a-90-kilograma (90-a-200-pauna) ** ma 1,000 a 2,000 mau kaʻapuni i kēlā me kēia minuke (kahi māmā holo rim o 110 a 180 km/h / 70 a 110 mph); a me ka Horizontal Directional Drill e hoʻokuʻu i ke kaula kila conductive he mau haneli mau mika makapō ma lalo o ka lepo kahi e hiki ai i ka drill bit ke hou aku i kahi 13,800-volt a hiki i 34,500-volt underground uea uwila kumu mua a i ʻole kekahi ** peahi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe maoli kinoea nui ** poloka mai ka rig. Ma waena o OSHA, NIOSH, a me UK Health and Safety Executive (HSE) no ka hoʻokolokolo ʻana i ka make, ʻelua mau ʻano pōʻino pōʻino e hoʻi hou a pinepine: ** nā mea hoʻohana e hoʻohana ana i ka zip-tie, ke kaula bungee, ka uwea, a i ʻole ka lipine e hoʻopaʻa ai i ka Operator Presence Control ("deadman lever") no laila e holo mau ana ke kaulahao ʻeli a i ʻole ka huila ʻokiʻoki i ka holo ʻana o ka ʻauwaʻa HD i ka wā e wili ai ka huila ʻeli. rig wili ikaika a i ʻole i kā lākou moena hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma luna o ka lepo pulu i ka wā o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka laina mana lalo**.

Inā hihia ke kanaka i ke kaulahao auwaha a i hahau ʻia paha e ka huila wili kumu, a i ʻole ke kuʻi ʻia e ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kuhikuhi i kahi mea uila i kanu ʻia a i ʻole ke kinoea, e kelepona koke i kou wahi. helu pilikia (911 ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me Kanada, 999 ma United Kingdom, 112 ma waena o ka European Union, a me 000 ma Australia) a hahai i nā lula elekene koʻikoʻi a me nā lula hemorrhage. Pono ʻoe e nānā i kā mākou alakaʻi ma excavator a i ʻole backhoe e hahau ana i kahi laina kinoea kiʻekiʻe i kanu ʻia a i ʻole ke kaula kumu mua ma lalo o ka honua, lāʻau chipper snag, kaula entanglement, a feed chute safety bar triage, a ke koko nui a me ka noi tourniquet.

E hana i kēia i kēia manawa¶

Ma muli o ke alo ʻana paha ʻoe i kahi hoʻopaʻapaʻa mechanical (trencher a i ʻole stump grinder) a i ʻole kahi mea hoʻohana ma lalo o ka honua ma kahi Horizontal Directional Drill (HDD):

1. ʻAʻole e hoʻopaʻa i lalo, lipine, wedge, a i ʻole e kāpae i kahi mea hoʻohana ("Deadman") Lever ma kahi Trencher a i ʻole Stump Grinder:
2. Hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻauwaha hele wāwae a me nā wili ʻōpala me kahi pahu puna Operator Presence Control (OPC) bar ma ka pahu lima e wehe koke ai i ka hoʻokele hydraulic a i ʻole ka paʻa electromagnetic a hoʻopaʻa i ka huila ʻoki/ʻeli kaulahao i loko o 1 a 3 kekona ka manawa e haʻalele ai nā lima o ka mea hana i ka paʻa.
3. Inā hoʻopaʻa ka mea hoʻohana i ka lei i lalo me kahi kaula zip, uwea, a i ʻole ke kaula bungee e hōʻemi ai i ka luhi lima a i ʻole e hele i mua e kiola i ka lepo mai ka ʻauwaha, e hoʻihoʻi ke kumu huna a i ʻole ka pahu pōhaku i hope i ka mīkini ma luna o ko lākou wāwae, hopu i kā lākou puʻupuʻu a i ʻole kā lākou pume ma ke kaulahao ʻeli 200-mika i kēlā me kēia minuke, a huki i ko lākou kino holoʻokoʻa.
4. Inā hoʻopaʻa ʻia kekahi i ke kaulahao ʻauwaha a i ʻole i hahau ʻia e kahi mea wili kumu, e pepehi i ka ʻenekini a hana i ka laka piha ma mua o ka hoʻopā ʻana i ka boom:
5. E paʻi i ke pihi ʻulaʻula Emergency Stop, e hoʻohuli i ke kī hoʻā i OFF, a i ʻole e pani i ka pahu pani wahie / huki koke i ka pahu pahu pahu pahu mai ka pahu mīkini.
6. Mai ho'āʻo e hoʻohuli i ke kaulahao ʻauwaha hydraulic i ka wā e paʻa ai kekahi lālā i loko: ʻo ka hoʻohuli ʻana i nā niho ʻeli e haehae i ka iwi ʻāwīwī, nā ʻaʻa, a me ka ʻiʻo palupalu i ka lua o ka manawa. E waiho i ke kaulahao paʻa, waiho i kekahi tourniquet ma kahi, a kali i nā mea hoʻolaha hydraulic hoʻopakele ahi a me nā ʻili plasma/rotary e wehe a ʻoki paha i nā kaulahao a puni ka lālā.
7. E noi i kahi CoTCCC Windlass Tourniquet "High and Tight" i loko o 60 kekona no ka ʻeha nui o nā lālā:
8. ʻO nā kaulahao Trencher a me nā niho wili wili kumu ke kumu o ka ikaika nui avulsive maceration and open comminuted fractures i haumia i ka lepo a me nā ʻāpana lāʻau.
9. Inā e hū aʻe ana ke koko ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula mai ka wāwae a i ʻole ka lima ʻāwīwī, e kāʻei i kahi holoholona makani pāʻoihana (CAT a i ʻole SOFTT-W) 5 a 8 kenimika (2 a 3 ʻīniha) ma luna o ka ʻeha (a i ʻole "Kiʻekiʻe a Paʻa" ma ka piko loa o ka ʻūhā a i ʻole ka ʻāʻī ke ʻō aʻe ka ʻūhā, a hiki i ka wili ʻana o ka ʻeha a pau ka ʻeha. pau ke koko, laka i ka clip, a kakau i ka manawa pono o ka noi ma ke kaula.
10. Inā hahau ka Horizontal Directional Drill (HDD) i kahi uwea uila ma lalo o ka honua, e hoʻolohe i ke kānāwai ʻanuʻu:
11. Inā ʻo ʻoe ka Drill Operator e noho ana ma ka rig a i ʻole e kū ana ma luna o ka Equipotential Grounding Mat: STAY PUT. I ka wā a pau o kou mau wāwae ʻelua e noho holoʻokoʻa ma luna o ka paepae rig metala a i ʻole ma luna o ka moena hoʻopaʻa metala i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, aia kou mau lima a me kou mau wāwae i ka ** kūpono like loa (ʻokoʻa ʻole volts ma waena o kou kino). ** ʻAʻole e heʻe me hoʻokahi kapuaʻi ma ka rig/moena a me hoʻokahi wāwae ma ka lepo ("Touch Potential"), e ala pololei ana i 13,800 volts ma kou puʻuwai.
12. Inā ʻo ʻoe ka Walkover Locator Operator a i ʻole Mud-Mix Crew e kū ana ma ka ʻāina: Inā kani ke kani ʻana o ke kani ʻana, ʻūhū ka honua, a kani paha kou mau kāmaʻa, ** e hoʻokuʻu koke i kāu pahu hulina me ka ʻole e kūlou i lalo e hoʻopā i ka lepo me kou mau lima, e kaomi i kou mau kuʻekuʻe wāwae me ka bunny-hop (me nā wāwae ʻelua e pae i ka manawa like) kapuaʻi) ma kahi o 15 a 30 mau mika (50 a 100 kapuaʻi) ka mamao** mai ka wili wili, ke ala lua, a me ka lua puka.
13. Inā he Trencher a Directional Drill paha i kahi laina kinoea maoli, e pepehi i kēlā me kēia kumu puhi ahi a e haʻalele koke i ka makani:
14. Inā lohe ʻoe i ka uwē o ka mahuka ʻana o ke kinoea, ʻike i ka lepo a i ʻole ka ʻeli ʻana i ka lepo e puhi mai ana i luna mai ka ʻauwaha a i ʻole ka lua komo, a i ʻole honi i ka mercaptan (hua popopo): ** e hoʻopau koke i ka mīkini mīkini inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e hele hou i ke ao kinoea e hoʻopau ai i ka ʻenekini)**, haʻalele i nā mea hana a pau, mai hoʻohana i nā kelepona kelepona a i ʻole nā ​​hua kī, a i loko o ka **00 pahu kī, a i ka **00 pahu kī, a i loko o ka 00 pahu kī. mika (330 a 1,000 kapuaʻi) i luna o ka makani ma mua o ke kāhea ʻana iā 911 / 999 / 112 / 000 a me ka hoʻouna ʻana i ka pilikia hoʻokele kinoea.
15. E nānā i nā niho Carbide i hoʻolei ʻia i ka wikiwiki a me nā pōhaku mai nā mea wili kumu:
16. Hiki i ka huila ʻoki ʻoki kumu ke kuʻi i ka pā kila i kanu ʻia, nā pōhaku lepo, a i ʻole ka pōhaku pōhaku i hūnā ʻia i loko o nā aʻa kumulāʻau e hiki ke ʻoki i kahi 150-gram (5-auneke) tungsten-carbide niho a hoʻolana iā ia ma 160 km/h (100 mph) me he slug raifela a hiki i ka 50 mika (165 kapuaʻi) ka mamao. E mālama i ka poʻe e kū ana, nā keiki, a me nā kaʻa ** ma kahi o 25 a 50 mau mika (80 a 165 kapuaʻi) ka mamao ma hope o nā pale pahū lāʻau paʻa paʻa, a ʻaʻole loa e kū pololei i ka mokulele kaʻa o ka huila ʻoki.

lāʻau hoʻoholo: ʻauwaha/wili-wili-wili entanglement vs¶

flowchart TD
    Start["KA ILI ILOKO O KA AINA, KA ILI ANA I KA PALAPALA, A I ?"] --> IncidentType{"He aha ke ʻano pilikia e kū nei?"}

    IncidentType -->|Mechanical Entanglement or Thrown-Object Trauma - (Walk-Behind Trencher Chain or Stump Grinder Wheel)| MechKill["1. E PEPEHI A ME KA LAKA I KA WAEWAI - • E hoʻokuʻu i ka mea hoʻohana i ka ʻaoʻao o ke alo / paʻi i ka E-Stop / hoʻohuli i ke kī - • Huki i ka uea pahu ahi a pani i ka pahu wahie - • ʻAʻole loa e hoʻohuli i ke kaulahao me kahi lālā i paʻa i loko."]

    MechKill --> BleedTriage["2. HEMORRHAGE & AMPUTATION TRIAGE - • E kelepona iā 911 / 999 / 112 / 000 koke (noi Heavy Rescue) - • E hoʻopili i ka CoTCCC Windlass Tourniquet HIGH & TIGHT ma luna o ke koko - • Inā ʻoki ʻia ka ʻāpana kino: e uhi i ka ʻeke sterile maʻemaʻe, e hoʻopaʻa i loko - iluce ʻeke wai, a hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o ka ʻeke plastik, a hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o ka ʻeke plastik."]

    IncidentType -->|Horizontal Directional Drill (HDD) or Trencher - Strikes Underground ELECTRIC Primary Cable| ElecRule["1. ZERO CONTACT & STEP-POTENTIAL ESCAPE - • Drill Operator on Rig/Grounding Mat: STAY PUT on platform/moena; - Mai hoʻopā aku i ka rig a me ka ʻāina ʻole i ka manawa hoʻokahi - • Pūʻali ʻĀina / Locator: Drop wand; BUNNY-HOP me nā wāwae ʻelua - pili paʻa 15-30 m (50-100 ft) kaʻawale mai ke ala rig & bore - • E kali i ka pono uila e hōʻoia i ka hemo ʻana o ka laina a hoʻopaʻa ʻia."]

    IncidentType -->|Horizontal Directional Drill (HDD) or Trencher - Strikes Underground NATURAL GAS or Petroleum Line| GasRule["1. IGNITION CUTOFF & UPWIND EVACUATION - • Nānā: Hiki i ke kinoea ke hoʻi i hope ma ke ala o ka annular bore - pololei i loko o ka lua HDD A i loko o nā hale haʻahaʻa kokoke - • Haʻalele i nā mea hana; MAI hoohana i na hoololi/kelepona i loko o ka pahu hau - • E ha'alele i 100-300 m (330-1,000 ft) UPWIND & e kelepona koke i 911"]

Luʻu hohonu 1: Hele wāwae ma hope o ka ʻauwaha a me nā kinematics wili a me ka mālama trauma¶

Hoʻolimalima pinepine nā mea hale a me nā limahana hoʻoponopono ʻāina i nā ʻauwaha hele wāwae (no nā laina sprinkler a i ʻole nā ​​kukui uila haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa) a me ka hele wāwae ma hope a i ʻole ka huki ʻana ma hope o nā ʻōpala me ka liʻiliʻi o 5 mau minuke o ka hoʻonohonoho kaʻa. ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā mana mechanical pololei o nā mīkini ʻelua e pale i nā hewa make:

1. Holo-Mahope o Trencher Poino a me na rula hana palekana¶

1. Ka Pahele Paheʻe-a-Hule-A-Holo:
2. I ka ʻeli ʻana o ke kaulahao ʻauwaha i ka lepo, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia kekahi **poʻo i ka ʻauwaha e hoʻopuehu i ka lepo pahee i loko o kahi puʻu pali ma ka lihi o ka ʻauwaha hāmama.
3. ʻO ka poʻe hana e hele ana ma ka piko o kēlā puʻu hao wale - a i ʻole e hele i hope me ka nānā ʻole ʻana ma hope o ko lākou mau kuʻekuʻe wāwae - hele pinepine i loko o ka lua a i ʻole ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka puʻu lepo ākea i loko o ke kaula wili a me ke kaulahao ʻeli.
4. Rula: E hoopaa paa i na lima elua ma na auwaha i na manawa a pau (ma kahi i hoonoho paa ia ai oe ma hope o na huila hookui a me ka pale o ka mea hana), e wehe i kou ala hele i hope mai na pohaku, na paipu, a me na lua mamua o ka hoomaka ana i ka auwaha, a mai hele ma kahi o ka auwaha hamama a i ole e ku kokoke i ka auger poo ke holo ka enekini.
5. Trencher Kickback a Boom Bounce:
6. E hoʻohaʻahaʻa mau i ka boom ʻeli i ka lepo me ka mālie i ka wā e kaʻawili ana ke kaulahao i ka throttle piha *ma mua o ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā huila hoʻokele honua.
7. E mālama i ka boom eli ma kahi 45-a-60-degere keki ma mua o ke kū pololei (90 degere); ʻO ka puʻupuʻu kūpaʻa e hoʻonui i ke kamaʻilio kaulahao a me ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i hope i ka wā e pā ana i nā aʻa kumulāʻau a i ʻole nā ​​cobbles.

2. ʻOkiʻi huila ʻoki a me nā ʻāpana kickback¶

1. Inertia Flywheel Kiʻekiʻe (Ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana ma hope o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka ʻenekini):
2. ʻO ka huila ʻoki ʻoki kumu kūʻai a hoʻolimalima paha he 13-a-25-milimeter (0.5-a-1.0-inihi) mānoanoa diski kila ke kaumaha 40 a 90 kilokani (90 a 200 paona) e wili ana ma 1,000 a 2,000 RPM.
3. ʻOiai ʻaʻohe mīkini kaʻa paʻa paʻa e hana ana a i ʻole ka pau ʻana o ka pahu pahu, ** hoʻopaʻa ka huila ʻoki wili i ka ikehu kinetic rotational nui a hiki ke hoʻomau i ka holo mālie no 15 a 45 kekona ma hope o ka pio ʻana o ka ʻenekini**. Mai hele i mua o ka mea wili kumu no ka nānā ʻana i ka ʻōpala a i ʻole nā ​​ʻāpana lāʻau akaka a hiki i kou ʻike maka ʻana i ka huila ʻoki e hiki mai ana i kahi **100 pakeneka make **.
4. Upper-Quadrant Climb Cut vs. Lower-Quadrant Plunge Kickback:
5. Holo ka lihi lalo o ka huila wili kumu ** i ka mīkini a i ʻole ma waho o ka mīkini** ma muli o ka hoʻolālā ʻana, ʻoiai ʻo ka mua/kahāhā luna o ka huila hiki koke ke piʻi i luna o ke kumu inā e hoʻokomo hohonu ka mea hoʻohana, e huki ikaika i nā lima lima i luna a huki paha i ka mīkini ma ka ʻaoʻao.
6. Mai wili mai ka ʻaoʻao iho o kahi pali pali kahi e hiki ai i ka mīkini ke ʻōwili i hope iā ʻoe, a mai ʻae i ka lua o ke kanaka e kū ma kahi kokoke i ka hopena ʻoihana o ka mea wili e paʻa ana i ka ʻōʻō a i ʻole ka rake i ka wā e hana ana ka huila.

3. Hoʻohālikelike i nā pōʻino Mīkini, Nā Paʻa Palekana, a me ka Hoʻopau pilikia¶

Luʻu hohonu 2: Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) nā hahau ʻana ma lalo o ka ʻāina a me ka lāʻau lapaʻau.¶

Hiki i ka Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) i nā mea hana pono ke hoʻokomo i nā ʻauwaha fiber-optic, nā kumu wai, a me nā kaula uila ma lalo o nā alaloa, nā muliwai, a me nā kaiāulu me ka ʻole e ʻeli i kahi ʻauwaha hāmama. Eia nō naʻe, no ka hoʻokele makapō o ke poʻo drill 1 a 15 mau mika (3 a 50 kapuaʻi) ma lalo o ka honua no 100 a 1,000+ mika (330 a 3,300+ kapuaʻi), ua komo nā rigs HDD i kahi ʻāpana like ʻole o nā mea hoʻohana ma lalo o ka honua.

1. No ke aha ke hahau ʻana i kahi uwea mana i kanu ʻia he 300 mau mika ka mamao e uila ai i ka wili pahu a me ka lepo holoʻokoʻa.¶

Ke huki ʻia nā niho carbide o ke poʻo drill lalo (a i ʻole ka back-reamer ākea aʻe ma ka lua lua - ʻo ia ka mea e hōʻeha ai ** ma luna o 50 pakeneka o nā pā HDD āpau ** no ka mea e hoʻonui ka reamer i ke anawaena puka mai 10 knm a 30+ knm) ʻoki ʻia i loko o ka insulation o kahi puʻupuʻu i kanu ʻia 7,200-volt, 13,0volt, 13,0volt uwea:

1. ** Lilo ke kaula hao hao i ka pahi kaʻa kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe**:
2. Hoʻokumu ʻia nā koʻokoʻo hoʻoheheʻe kila i hoʻopili ʻia (drill stem) i ka mea hoʻokele metala haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa e hoʻi ana mai ka lae o lalo o ka honua a hiki i ka ** HDD drill rig e noho ana ma ka ʻili he mau haneli mau mika ka mamao **.
3. I loko o ka 1 millisecond, lele ka pahu kila holoʻokoʻa o ka pahu hoʻoheheʻe HDD, nā ʻauwae hydraulic vise, nā hui ʻana o ka pauma lepo, a me ka pahu paipu e lele i tausani volts ma luna o ka honua maoli.
4. Pono Hoʻopā (No ke aha i make koke ai ka mea hana ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka Rig):
5. Inā kū ka mea kōkua a luna hoʻomalu paha ma ka lepo ma kahi kokoke i ka rig HDD a kau i ko lākou lima ma luna o ka pahu wili metala - a i ʻole e komo i loko me kahi wīwī paipu - i ka wā e pā ai ka drill bit i kahi kaula 200 mika ma lalo o ke alanui, aia ko lākou lima ma 13,800 volts aʻo ko lākou mau kāmaʻa ma luna o ka ** lepo uila haʻahaʻa**. Pahū ʻia ka mea make ma ko lākou lima, ma ko lākou puʻuwai, a puka i ko lākou mau wāwae i ka lepo (Touch Potential).
6. No ke aha e ho'ōla ai ka moena equipotential ground i ke ola o ka mea hana:
7. Pono nā kūlana palekana o ka ʻoihana OSHA a me HDD (e like me ka Common Ground Alliance [CGA] a me DCA guidelines) i kēlā me kēia mea hoʻohana HDD e kū ana ma hope a i ʻole ka ʻaoʻao-kū hoʻokele console e kū ma luna o kahi heavy welded steel-mesh Equipotential Grounding Grid Mat i hoʻopaʻa pololei ʻia i ka chassis o ka rig drill me ke kaula keleawe kaumaha.
8. Ke hoʻoikaika ʻia ka rig drill a hiki i 10,000 volts, ʻo ka moena metala ma lalo o nā kāmaʻa o ka mea hoʻohana ** lele pū i 10,000 volts ma ka microsecond like loa . Ma muli o \(10,000\text{ V} - 10,000\text{ V} = 0\text{ V}\) hiki ke ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā lima a me nā wāwae o ka mea hoʻohana, ** ʻaʻohe au e kahe ana ma loko o ke kino o ka mea hoʻohana - INA ʻole lākou e makaʻu a heʻe hoʻokahi kapuaʻi mai ka lihi o ka moena ma luna o ka lepo.
9. Ka ʻanuʻu Hiki ma ka ʻaoʻao Bore (Pino i ka Walkover Locator Operator):
10. I ka wā e wili ana, hele pololei ka lua o ka luina (ka Locator / Tracker) ma ke alanui ʻilikai a i ʻole ka lau nahele ma luna o ke poʻo drill ma lalo o ka honua e lawe ana i ka pahu hopu electromagnetic e nānā i ka hohonu a me ka pitch o ka bit.
11. Inā hahau ka bit drill i ke kaula uila kiʻekiʻe i kanu ʻia ma lalo pono o nā wāwae o ka Locator - a i ʻole ke kahe ʻana o ka hewa i ka lepo ma o ka Strike Alert voltage stake a me ke ala o ka drill rig - e ʻā ana ka uila ma waho o ka lepo ma nā apo concentric (Earth Potential Rise / Step Voltage).
12. Hana Ho'ōla Locator: Pono ka Locator e ʻaʻahu i ASTM F1117 / EN 50321 dielectric insulating overshoes (mau kāmaʻa) i nā manawa a pau. Inā ʻaʻa ka pū kī a i ʻole ka poʻo o ka honua, pono ** ʻaʻole e hele maʻamau ka Locator; Pono lākou e kaomi pono i ko lākou kuʻekuʻe wāwae a me ka bunny-hop a i ʻole ka shuffle me nā paheʻe kuʻekuʻe wāwae liʻiliʻi (e hoʻopaʻa mau ana nā kapuaʻi ʻelua me kekahi) ma kahi liʻiliʻi 15 a 30 mau mika (50 a 100 kapuaʻi) ka mamao mai ka laina lua a me ka rig.

2. ʻEha ʻEha ʻEha ʻEha ʻEha ʻEha Kiʻekiʻe-Pressure Drilling Fluid (Bentonite Mud) ma HDD Rigs.¶

Hoʻopili ʻo HDD rigs i ka wai wili kaomi kaomi (bentonite clay slurry) i ke kikowaena o ke kumu drill ma 500 a 3,000+ PSI (35 a 200+ bar) no ka hoʻoluʻu ʻana i ka bit, lubricate i ka tunnel, a holoi i nā ʻokiʻoki.

• Inā hoʻohana kekahi ohua i ko lākou lima (ʻoiai e komo ana i nā mīkina lima ʻili koʻikoʻi) e nānā i kahi lī ma kahi puʻupuʻu lepo kaomi kiʻekiʻe, swivel, a i ʻole ka hui drill-rod i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, e neʻe ana kahi pahu pine o ka lepo wili ma 1,500 PSI ma ** ʻoi aku ma mua o 150 mika kekona (335 mph)** a me ka ** ʻoi aku ka ʻili ma mua o ka ʻili kanaka. kiko ʻulaʻula**.
• No ke aha ke ʻoki ʻia ʻana o ka ʻōpala ʻo High-Pressure Mud Injection i loko o 12 mau hola: Ke hoʻokomo ʻia ka slurry pālolo bentonite, polymers, a me ka bacteria lepo i loko o ka pāma a i ʻole nā ​​manamana lima ma lalo o ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe, e kahe ana ka wai ma nā ʻāʻī i loko o ka lima, e hoʻoulu ai i compartment syndrome, chemical necrosis, a me fulminant necrotizing infection.
• Ka Hana Kūikawā: ʻOiai ke ʻano o ka ʻaila hydraulic kaomi kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole ka ʻeha i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka lepo bentonite me he pine pine ʻole me ka ʻole o ke koko, ** mālama ʻia ia ma ke ʻano he pilikia o ke ola a me nā lālā**. E lawe koke i ka mea hana i kahi Kanawaena Trauma Papa 1 a i ʻole Hale Hana Hana Lima no ** ka hoʻopau ʻana a me ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka lāʻau i loko o 4 a 6 mau hola** (ʻaʻole loa e hoʻopili i ka hau i kahi hōʻeha ʻeha kiʻekiʻe, no ka mea, e wikiwiki ana ka vasoconstriction i ka make ʻana o ke kino).

Nā helu ulia pōpilikia āpana a me nā protocols oihana¶

Nīnau pinepine¶

No ke aha i komo ai ka nui o ka make ma hope o ka auwaha i kahi kaula zipa maʻalahi a i ʻole ʻāpana uea i loaʻa ma ka pahu lima ma hope o ka ulia?¶

Ma ka ʻauwaha hele wāwae, pono ka mea hoʻohana e ʻomi mau i ka pihi Operator Presence ("deadman") i hoʻopiha ʻia i ka pūnāwai ma luna o ka ʻauamo e hoʻomau i ka huli ʻana o ke kaulahao ʻeli a me nā huila. Ma hope o 20 mau minuke o ka hana ʻauwaha haʻalulu, luhi nā lima o nā mea hoʻohana, a i ʻole makemake lākou e haʻalele i ke kaulahao e holo ana i ko lākou hele ʻana i mua o ka ʻauwaha e kiola i ka pōhaku paʻa i waho o nā niho a i ʻole ka ʻōpala e wehe i ka lepo mai ka ʻauwaha. ʻO ka manawa e hoʻopaʻa ai ka mea hoʻohana i kahi zip-tie, bungee cord, a i ʻole uea a puni kēlā lever deadman a piʻi i mua o nā pahu lima, ua wehe lākou i ka mīkini palekana wale nō e hiki ke pani i ka mīkini. Inā paheʻe ko lākou kāmaʻa ma ka puʻu lepo a pā i ke kaulahao ʻeli, huki ka mīkini iā ​​lākou i loko o ka boom a hoʻomau i ka holo ʻana a maloʻo ka pahu wahie.

Inā loaʻa ka wāwae o koʻu hoa i loko o ke kaulahao ʻeli ʻeli ʻana ma hope o koʻu pani ʻana i ka ʻenekini, no ke aha e hoʻomaka ʻole ai au i ka ʻenekini a i ʻole e hoʻohuli i ke kaʻa hydraulic e hoʻihoʻi i ke kaulahao mai kona wāwae?¶

Mai hoʻomaka i ka ʻenekini a i ʻole e hoʻāʻo e hoʻihoʻi i ke kaulahao ʻauwaha, ka ʻili lāʻau ʻōpala hānai, a i ʻole ka auger mahiʻai i ka wā e hihia ana kekahi lālā kanaka i loko. Hoʻopili ʻia nā niho ʻeli ʻana o ka tungsten-carbide ma ke kaulahao auwaha a hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma nā kihi ʻokoʻa; ʻO ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana i ke kaulahao i hope a hiki i 5 kenimika (2 ʻīniha) e like me ka huki ʻana i ka ʻili ʻili i hope ma ka iwi ʻoki a ʻoki ʻia nā aʻa femoral a tibial paha, e hoʻohuli ana i kahi ʻeha e ola ai i ka hemorrhage make koke. E hoʻopaʻa paʻa loa i ka ʻenekini (huki ʻia ke kaula uila a hemo paha ka pākaukau), e hoʻopili i kahi tourniquet windlass kiʻekiʻe a paʻa ma luna o ka wahi e hoʻopaʻa ʻia ai, a kali i nā hui hoʻopakele koʻikoʻi o ke keʻena ahi e ʻoki i nā loulou me nā mea ʻoki hydraulic a i ʻole nā ​​ʻili rotary.

Pehea e hiki ai i ka mea hana e kū ana ma luna o ka lepo 200 mika (650 kapuaʻi) ka mamao mai kahi laina uila ma lalo o ka honua ke kiʻi ʻia ma kahi hana Horizontal Directional Drill?¶

I ka wā e hū ai ka Horizontal Directional Drill (HDD) i mau haneli mau mika ma lalo o ka lepo, hoʻokuʻu ʻo ia i kahi kaula hoʻomau o nā paipu wili kila i hoʻopaʻa ʻia mai ka ʻili honua a hiki i ke poʻo drill. Inā ʻoki kēlā poʻo wili kila a i ʻole hoʻi hope i loko o ke kaula uila 13,800-volt i kanu ʻia he 200 mika ma lalo o ke alanui, e holo koke ka uila i hope ma o ke kaula hao hao holoʻokoʻa, e hoʻoikaika ana i ka rig drill ma ka ʻili A me ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka lepo pulu a puni ka wahi paʻa a me nā kumu kumu o ka rig. ʻO kēlā me kēia mea hana i hoʻopā i ka rig drill metala i ka wā e kū ana ma ka honua ("Touch Potential") - a i ʻole e hele wāwae me nā wāwae maʻamau ma o ka gradient lepo ikaika ("Step Potential") - hoʻopau i kahi kaapuni kiʻekiʻe-voltage ma ko lākou puʻuwai.

He aha ka "moena kumu hoʻohālikelike" ma luna o kahi pahu pahu kuhikuhi, a no ke aha ʻaʻole pono e haʻalele ka mea hoʻokele i ka wā o ka hahau mana?¶

ʻO ka moena hoʻopaʻa paʻa like ʻo ia ka mākia kila-mesh palahalaha i kau ʻia ma ka lepo ma lalo pono o nā wāwae o ka mea hoʻohana HDD a hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ke kaula kaumaha pololei i ke ʻano metala o ka rig drill. E like me ka manu e noho maluhia ana ma ka laina mana 13,800-volt no ka mea aia kona mau wāwae ʻelua i ka volta like like, ʻo ka mea hoʻohana e kū ana me nā wāwae ʻelua ma luna o ka moena kaulike i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e piʻi i ka voli like like me nā levers hoʻomalu i ko lākou mau lima i ka wā e paʻi ai, no laila ke kahe ʻana o ka ʻea ʻelua ma ko lākou kino. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka lepo lepo he 15 kenimika wale nō (6 ʻīniha) ma waho o ka lihi o kēlā moena, aia ma kahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa loa; inā hopohopo ka mea hoʻohana a hoʻokuʻu i hoʻokahi kapuaʻi mai ka moena ma luna o ka lepo me ka hoʻopā ʻana i ka rig a i ʻole ka moena me ko lākou wāwae ʻē aʻe, e poʻo pololei ke au make ma ko lākou kino.

No ke aha i hoʻopiha ai ke kinoea maoli i ka hale haʻahaʻa o ka mea hale i ʻekolu hale i ka wā i hahau ʻia ai kahi pahu kuhikuhi i kahi laina kinoea ma ke alanui?¶

I ka wā e hoʻokuʻu ai ka ʻauwaha kuhikuhi i kahi paipu kinoea kūlohelohe ma lalo o ka asphalt paʻa, lepo maloʻo, a i ʻole ka pālolo paʻa, ʻaʻole hiki i ke kinoea i hoʻokuʻu ʻia ke kaomi maʻalahi i luna ma o ke kahua. Akā, hele ke kinoea i ke ala ʻoi loa ke kū'ē - e hele ana ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka ʻauwaha lalo (annulus) a me nā ʻauwaha moe ʻiliʻili liʻiliʻi e hoʻopuni ana i ka wai a me nā laina hili ma waena o ke komo ʻana o ka pā kumu o nā hale kokoke. I kēlā me kēia manawa e paʻi ʻia kahi laina kinoea ma lalo o ka ʻāina i ka wā o ka ʻauwaha a i ʻole ke kuhikuhi ʻana i ka ʻeli ʻana, pono e haʻalele koke nā luina a me nā mea kuni ahi a nānā i nā haʻahaʻa o nā hale a puni no ka hōʻiliʻili kinoea pahū.

• ʻO kēia alakaʻi no ka ʻike ʻike a ʻaʻole ia e hoʻololi i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i nā mea hana i hōʻoia ʻia, nā protocols pale ʻino-pono, a i ʻole ka mālama lapaʻau ʻoihana. Paipai ikaika mākou i ka lawe ʻana i kahi papa ʻae ʻia Stop the Bleed (tourniquet and wound-packing), First Aid, a me CPR/AED ma o ka American College of Surgeons, the Red Cross, or St John Ambulance.*

Nā alakaʻi pili¶

• ʻO ka excavator a i ʻole backhoe e hahau ana i kahi laina kinoea kiʻekiʻe i kanu ʻia a i ʻole ke kaula kumu mua
• ʻO nā laina mana i lalo a me ka uila uila kaʻa (hiki i ka paepae)
• ʻO ka lāʻau ʻoki ʻoki, ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ke kaula, a me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka pahu palekana palekana
• ʻO ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka mīkini holoi a me nā ʻeha kickback
• ʻO ke koko koʻikoʻi a me ka noi tourniquet
• Nā helu pilikia ma ka ʻāina

Nā kumu a me ke alakaʻi kūhelu¶

• ʻO ka Hoʻomalu Ola a me ka Ola Ola (OSHA, United States) & National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH): Ka pale ʻana i nā ʻeha a me nā make o nā limahana mai nā Trencher Entanglements, Stump Grinder Kickbacks, a me Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) Underground Utility Strikes (29 CFR 1926).
• Common Ground Alliance (CGA, ʻAmelika ʻĀkau): Alakaʻi Hoʻomaʻamaʻa maikaʻi loa - Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) Potholing/Daylighting, Cross-Bore Prevention, Strike Alert Systems, a me Equipotential Grounding Mats.
• Luna Hoʻokele Ola a me ka Maluhia (HSE, United Kingdom): Ke ʻalo ʻana i ka pōʻino mai nā lawelawe ma lalo o ka honua (HSG47) & hoʻohana palekana ʻana i nā Trencher-Controlled Trenchers and Stump Grinders (PUWER 1998).
• ʻAhahui ʻOihana Mana & Hoʻokaʻaʻike (PCCA) & ʻAhahui Kūʻai Kūʻai Kūʻai (DCA): Ka Papa Hana Palekana HDD - Pane Strike Electrical, Step and Touch Potential Physics, and High-Pressure Drilling Fluid Injection Triage.
• Komite ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa (ACS) no ka Trauma: Hoʻopau i nā alakaʻi alakaʻi o ke koko a me ka Prehospital Trauma Life Support (PHTLS) no ka High-Energy Agricultural and Industrial Limb Maceration and Tourniquet Application.