Umufatanyabikorwa w'ubucuruzi w'umunyaruyeri akuraho amakonti canke gufunga abafatanyabikorwa¶

Kuvyuka ku mburi za banki zikora zigaragaza ko umugenzi wawe w’ubudandaji 50/50 canke umushingwamanza wa LLC yashize amadolari 180.000 kuri konti y’ibikorwa vy’ishirahamwe mu konti yawe bwite y’ibanga, akuraho amakuru yawe y’umuyobozi wa Google Workspace canke Microsoft 365, ahindura ishirahamwe Stripe canke Shopify kwishura, kandi ahindura ibiro vyinshi vy’imbere mu gihugu. ikigo gishobora guhangana na co. Kubera ko amabanki y’ubudandaji, abagurisha porogarama zo mu gicu, n’inzego za polisi zo mu karere babona ko amatati yo mu mutima hagati y’abafise uburinganire ari “ibibazo vy’uburongozi bw’amashirahamwe,” umufatanyabikorwa w’umunyaruyeri afise uburenganzira bwo gusinya ku ikarita y’umukono wa banki canke uburenganzira bwo gushikira umunyamuryango w’urubuga ashobora kwambura ishirahamwe rikora amahera y’abaguzi baryo. mu gihe abapolisi banse kwinjiramwo ku nzira.

Guhagarika umushingwamanza canke umufatanyabikorwa w’umunyaruyeri imbere y’uko batuma ubucuruzi bubura amahera bisaba ko habaho igikorwa co gusubiza inyuma gihuye, gihujwe mu mabanki y’ubudandaji, ubuhinga bwo gutora uburongozi bw’amashirahamwe, gusubizaho ibikorwa remezo vy’ubuhinga bwa none, n’amatati y’uburinganire vyihutirwa. Mu gutanga Itangazo ry’Impaka z’Ishirahamwe n’Isaba ry’Imikono Ibiri ku gisata c’itunga rya banki y’ubudandaji mu masaha abiri ya mbere, gushitsa ivyemezo vyanditse vy’umunyamigabane canke umunyamuryango nimba ufise ubugenzuzi bw’amatora, kuzigama ibitabo vy’igenzura ry’igicu ry’ubuhinga bwa none imbere y’uko bikurwaho vyihutirwa, no gutanga Itegeko ryo guhagarika (TRO), Icizigiro c’ubwubatsi, n’Ikizigiro c’agateganyo**, urashobora guhagarika amahera yibwe, ugahatira kugarura uburenganzira bwawe bwo gukoresha ubuhinga bwa none n’ubw’umubiri, no gufata uwo mufatanyabikorwa w’umunyaruyeri we ubwiwe ko ari we abazwa ivy’ukurenga ku gikorwa co kwizigira n’ubusuma bw’abanyagihugu.

Ivyo ubikore ubu¶

1. Shira imbere umutekano wo ku mubiri kandi ugabanye ugutongana ku kibanza. Iyo uguhangana n’uwo mufatanyabikorwa mu bucuruzi, umushingwamanza, canke abajejwe umutekano babo b’abikorera ku giti cabo bakoresheje ku biro vyawe canke mu bubiko bwawe biteye imbere bikaba ugutera ubwoba ku mubiri, gusunika, canke gufungwa bitemewe n’amategeko, subira inyuma nibura metero 10 ku karere kawe k’amahera y’ivyihutirwa (3) (911 muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika no muri Kanada, 112 mu Bumwe bw’Uburayi bwose, 999 mu Bwongereza, canke urabe vyose inomero z'ivyihutirwa) ubwo nyene.
2. Hamagara kandi urungikire ubutumwa kuri banki yawe y'ubudandaji Relationship Manager kugira ngo ushireho "Disputed Account / Dual-Signer Freeze" mu masaha 1. Nimba uwo mukundana ariko arakura amahera canke ariko aratera ubwoba bwo gukubura konti y'ibikorwa, ntugerageze gukina urukino rwo "ni nde yoshobora gukura amahera vuba" muri konti y'umuntu ku giti ciwe. umucamanza); ahubwo, ushireho inyandiko yanditse mu buryo butegekanijwe Itangazo ry’Amabwirizwa Ahushanye n’Impari z’Ubutunzi hakurikijwe Itegeko ry’Ubucuruzi Rimwe (UCC) / amategeko ya banki, utegeka banki guhagarika amawaya yose asohoka kandi usabe imikono ibiri canke itegeko ry’urukiko.
3. Saba gusubiramwo amakuru / gusubiramwo amakuru ya SWIFT iyo amahera yasohotse muri banki mu masaha 24 gushika kuri 72 aheze. Saba abakozi ba banki barungike Isaba ryo gusubiramwo amakuru ya Fedwire canke SWIFT camt.056 Gukuraho kubera amafaranga y’ishirahamwe ataremewe canke y’ubuhendanyi, kandi ushireko amakuru yuzuye y’ivyemezo vy’umurongo wa PDF yerekana inomero nyayo y’inzira ya banki yakira, inomero ya konti, n’izina ry’uwuzoronka inyungu ku muvugizi wawe w’urubanza.
4. Funga umunyamabanga wa mbere w'indangarubuga, amakuru ya DNS, n'uwutanga akaranga k'igicu (IdP) ubwo nyene. Niba ugifise uburenganzira bwo gukoresha GoDaddy, Cloudflare, AWS Route 53, Google Workspace, canke Microsoft 365, fungura Ugufunga kw'Ivyanditswe, ukureho uburenganzira bw'umufatanyabikorwa w'umunyaruyeri, maze wohereze hanze kopi yuzuye ya CSV/JSON y'idosiye ya Igitabo c'Igenzura ry'Umuyobozi yerekana aderesi ya IP ivyemezo.
5. Suzuma ijana ryawe nyaryo ry’amatora ryasinywe mu masezerano y’ibikorwa vya LLC, amasezerano y’ubufatanye, canke amategeko agenga ishirahamwe. Kura inyandiko z’ubutegetsi zasinywe ubwo nyene: nimba wewe (canke ihuriro ry’abashinze/abashoramari b’inzirabugunge) ufise 51 kw’ijana canke irenga y’imigabane y’amatora), ushobora ete (canke irenga Ukwemera kwanditse kw’Abanyamuryango/Abarongozi benshi gukuraho umufatanyabikorwa w’umunyaruyeri nk’umukuru/umuyobozi uno musi; iyo uhagaze ku 50/50 canke uri umufatanyabikorwa mutoyi, utegerezwa kuronka itegeko ry’urukiko ryihutirwa (TRO) kugira ngo ubakureho.
6. Gutanga ikirego c’ivyihutirwa c’Itegeko ryo Guhagarika Ibikorwa vy’Igihugu (TRO) n’Itegeko ryo Guhagarika Itunga ry’Igihugu mu masaha 24 gushika kuri 48. Gukomeza ubutane bw’ubudandaji / umuvugizi w’ubudandaji ubwo nyene kugira ngo ashireho ikirego cagenzuwe kubera **Ukurenga ku gikorwa co kwizigira, Guhindura, no gukuraho itegeko ry’ukwizigira ry’umuntu ku giti ciwe kuri banki, konti aho amafaranga y’ishirahamwe yashitse no kugarura uburenganzira bwawe bwo gukoresha ubuhinga bw’ishirahamwe.

Rogue umufatanyabikorwa wa banki n'igiti c'ingingo y'inyishu y'ugufunga ishirahamwe¶

flowchart TD
    Start["Umufatanyabikorwa Akura Konti ya Banki y'Ishirahamwe, Afata Sisitemu z'Ikoranabuhanga, canke Afunga Abafatanyabikorwa"] --> BankCheck{"Amafaranga y’amashirahamwe yoba ariko ararungikwa canke ariko ararungikwa hanze na ACH?"}

    BankCheck -->|"Ego"| FreezeBank["1. Gutanga 'Itangazo ry'amabwirizwa atandukanye' ryanditse ku biro vy'itunga rya Banki<br/>2. Gutera Intambara muri Banki / Ibisabwa vyo Gushirako Umukono Ubiri<br/>3. Gutanguza Fedwire / SWIFT Wire kwibuka no kwohereza hanze inyandiko z'abaronka inyungu"]
    BankCheck -->|"Oya (IT / Gufunga ku mubiri gusa)"| VoteCheck{"Ni bangahe uburinganire bwawe bwo gutora & ubugenzuzi bwa board?"}
    FreezeBank --> VoteCheck

    VoteCheck -->|"Igenzura ry'abantu benshi (Imigabane y'amatora irenga 50% / Igenzura ry'inama nkuru)"| MajorityAction["Gushitsa Ukwemera Kwanditse kw'Abanyamigabane Benshi / Abanyamuryango ba LLC:<br/>1. Kuraho umufatanyabikorwa w'umunyaruyeri nk'Umukuru / Umuyobozi ubwo nyene<br/>2. Gushikiriza Icemezo c'Ishirahamwe Banki, Umushahara, n'Umunyamabanga w'Ikibanza<br/>3. Gusaba ko amafaranga yahinduwe asubizwa vuba mu masaha 24"]

    VoteCheck -->|"50/50 Ugupfa CANKE Umufatanyabikorwa muto"| CourtAction["Dosiye y'Ikirego c'Ivyihutirwa (Ikirego cagenzuwe + Ikirego ca TRO):<br/>1. Ex Parte Itegeko ryo guhagarika amakonti ya banki y'aho umuntu aja<br/>2. Itegeko ry'Itegeko ryo gusubizaho Ubuyobozi bw'Ikoranabuhanga, Imeli, n'Ugushika ku Mubiri<br/>3. Gusaba Umuyobozi w'Agateganyo, Umucungezi, canke Uwakira yashizweho n'Urukiko"]

    MajorityAction --> DefianceCheck{"Mbega umugenzi w'umunyaruyeri yoba yanse kugarura amahera canke gutanga imfunguruzo z'urubuga/ubuyobozi?"}
    DefianceCheck -->|"Ego"| CourtAction
    DefianceCheck -->|"Oya"| ForensicAudit["Gukora igenzura ry’ivy’ubuhinga bw’amafaranga y’amezi 24 aheze<br/>Guhanahana amakuru ku nguvu / kwirukana amafaranga yibwe"]

Icigwa ca 1: Guhagarika umugende wa banki no gutuma haba amakimbirane muri banki y'ubudandaji¶

Ni kubera iki umuntu mukorana mu bucuruzi afise 50 kw’ijana (canke mbere 20 kw’ijana) yoshobora kwinjira muri banki y’ubudandaji canke akinjira mu bijanye n’ubucungezi bw’itunga ryo kuri Internet maze akarungika amahera 100 kw’ijana y’ishirahamwe ata ruhusha rwawe? Kubera ko hakurikijwe Amasezerano y'Ikonti y'Ubucuruzi n'Itegeko ry'Ubucuruzi (UCC) Ingingo ya 4**, umuntu wese yanditswe nk'"Uwushizeko umukono" ku ikarita y'umukono w'ishirahamwe afise ububasha bwo gushirako umukono umwe afise ububasha bwose butegekanijwe n'amategeko nk'umukozi wa banki, kiretse gukuraho amahera ububasha canke kumenyesha banki ko hariho amatati y’ubutegetsi.

Uko wohatira banki guhagarika amahera umuntu akura mu masaha 2¶

Amabanki y’ubudandaji aranka kuregwa kubera gufata uruhande mu ntambara y’ubufatanye. Hafi amasezerano yose y’ubudandaji yo gushiramwo amahera muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Kanada, Ubwongereza, na Ostraliya arimwo ingingo itomoye "Ibisabwa bihushanye / Amatati ku bijanye na konti" ivuga yuko iyo banki ironse amabwirizwa atandukanye avuye kuri babiri canke barenga, abakuru, canke abashizeko umukono ku bijanye n’uwugenzura iyo konti, banki ifise uburenganzira bwo gushiramwo ** amasezerano atandukanye ("Interpleader Freeze") kuri konti**, kwanka kwubahiriza amawaya canke amasheki y'uruhande rumwe gushika bose abafatanyabikorwa bariko baratongana bashize umukono ku mabwirizwa rusangi canke umucamanza asohoye itegeko ry'urukiko.

1. Gutanga "Itangazo ry'amabwirizwa avuguruzanya n'ugukuraho ububasha bw'umuntu umwe":
2. Hamagara umuyobozi w’imigenderanire ya banki yawe y’ubudandaji, umuyobozi w’ishami, n’ibiro vy’ubuhendanyi vy’itunga ryawe ubwo nyene, hanyuma ukurikirane mu minota 15 mu gutumako ubutumwa kuri e-mail no mu gutanga n’ukuboko itangazo ryashizweko umukono ku rupapuro rw’ikete ry’ishirahamwe.
3. Vuga ikibanza cawe nk'umunyamuryango/umukozi/umunyamuryango arongoye muri dosiye, menya ukwimurirwa kutaremewe kwakozwe na [Rogue Partner Name], kandi uvuge mu buryo butomoye: "Nk'Umunyamuryango 50% / Umuyobozi w'Ishirahamwe] wa [Izina ry'Ishirahamwe], ndamenyesha Banki impaka zisanzwe zijanye n'uburongozi bw'ishirahamwe kandi nsubiramwo ukwemera kwanje ku bijanye n'ugukura amahera, gushiramwo amawaya, canke inkomoko ya ACH na [Izina ry'Umufatanyabikorwa w'Umunyavyaha]. Konti #[XXXX] canke bisaba imikono ibiri y'abayifise bompi ku bijanye n'ugucuruza kwose hanze y'imishahara ya ADP/Gusto yashinzwe mbere."
4. Ukingire umushahara w'abakozi n'imisoro y'ikigega ca IRS mu gihe c'uguhagarika ibikorwa vya banki:
5. Imbere yo gusaba banki guhagarika konti y’ibikorwa, suzuma nimba umugwi w’abakozi bahembwa canke amahera yoherezwa y’ikori biteguwe gukurwa kuri konti mu masaha 72 akurikira (raba Ingorane z'amahera y'imishahara n'ukubura kwubahiriza amategeko y'imishahara).
6. Saba umukozi w’itunga rya banki yemere gusa uwundi muntu yagenzuwe (ADP / Gusto / Paychex) debit n’ubuyobozi bw’imisoro debits kugira ngo bikureho, canke kuronka umufatanyabikorwa w’umunyaruyeri wemerewe mu nyandiko biciye ku muvugizi wabo mu masaha 24 kugira ngo arekure amahera y’imishahara kugira ngo nta n’umwe mu bafatanyabikorwa ahangane n’uburenganzira bw’umukozi bwite kubera umushahara utarishwe.
7. Gukuraho amakarita y'inguzanyo y'ishirahamwe no gukuraho amahinduka yo kwishura kuri konti y'umucuruzi:
8. Abafatanyabikorwa b’abanyaruyeri kenshi bashika ku madolari 30.000 gushika ku madolari 100.000 mu mafaranga y’imbere canke mu kugura kw’umuntu ku giti ciwe ku makarita ya American Express canke Visa mu gihe nyene binjira muri Stripe, Square, Shopify, canke Amazon Seller Central kugira ngo bahindure inomero y’inzira ya banki yo kwishura ku konti nshasha ya banki bafunguye.
9. Ubwo nyene winjire mu bibanza vyose vy’ugutunganya ivy’ubudandaji, ufate amafoto y’amateka ya konti ya banki y’ugutanga amahera, ufunge ivyo wahinduye kuri konti y’ugutanga amahera, maze umenyeshe umugwi w’abadandaza bakora ivy’uguhindura inzira.

Icigwa ca 2: Uburongozi bw'amashirahamwe, Gukuraho benshi n'uguhagarika 50/50 n'uguhagarika abantu bake¶

Ububasha bwawe bwo kwirukana canke kwambura ububasha bwo gukora umunyamuryango w’umunyaruyeri ata kurindira umucamanza buvana n’imiterere nyayo y’ubutunzi n’ivyanditswe mu Amasezerano yawe y’Ibikorwa vya LLC, Amategeko agenga Ishirahamwe, canke Amasezerano y’Ubufatanye.

Kugereranya ububasha bw'ubutegetsi hakurikijwe imiterere y'ubunywanyi¶

Imburi ihambaye: Gukuraho umufatanyabikorwa nk' Umukuru/Umukozi vs. kumunyaga Imigabane y'Uburinganire¶

Naho woba ufise 70 kw’ijana vy’ishirahamwe canke LLC kandi uwo mufatanije umunyaruyeri afise 30 kw’ijana, tahura urubibi rukomeye rw’amategeko hagati ya uburongozi/akazi na ubutunzi bw’uburinganire:

• Ushobora kubakurako ububasha bwo gukora: Ufise ububasha bwo gutora benshi, urashobora guca wirukana umugenzi wawe w’umunyaruyeri mu kazi kiwe k’umushahara nk’Umuvugizi Mukuru w’Igihugu, Umukuru w’Ikoranabuhanga, canke Umunyamuryango, ukamukurako ikarita yiwe ya banki n’uburenganzira bwo gukoresha email y’ishirahamwe, ukamubuza kwinjira mu biro.
• NTUshobora gukuraho gusa 30% vy’imigabane yabo canke imigabane y’abanyamuryango ba LLC: Keretse iyo amasezerano yawe y’abanyamigabane canke amasezerano y’ibikorwa yasinywe arimwo Ingingo y’ugusubira kugura imigabane / Intumbero y’ugusubira kugura imigabane idashizwemwo, nyen’imigabane aracari afise imigabane yabo mu buryo butegekanijwe n’amategeko inyuma y’aho bashizeho imigabane. Kugira ngo usubize imigabane yabo y’uburinganire, utegerezwa gukoresha amasezerano Ingingo yo Gugura-Kugurisha / Kwirukana canke ukaronka urubanza rw’urukiko rusubiza inyuma agaciro k’imigabane yabo ku bijanye n’ivyago vy’amahera n’amahera yibwe bafise umwenda w’ishirahamwe.

Icigwa ca 3: Gusubirana indangarubuga z'amashirahamwe zanyazwe, imeyili, na serveri zo mu gicu¶

Mu bucuruzi bwa none, umufatanyabikorwa w’umunyaruyeri agenzura imfunguruzo z’ubuhinga (umunyamabanga w’itongo, umuzi wa AWS/Azure, ububiko bwa kode ya GitHub, canke konti ya Google Workspace / Microsoft 365 Super Admin) arashobora gufata ishirahamwe ryose nk’ingwate naho boba bafise gusa 10 kw’ijana vy’itunga.

Ingingo zo guhangana n'ugufunga kwa mudasobwa n'ugushira mu ngiro CFAA / Gukoresha nabi mudasobwa¶

1. Kuzigama Ivyemezo vy’Ugukoresha Mudasobwa Ata Wemerewe (18 U.S.C. Igice ca 1030):
2. Iyo umufatanyabikorwa mu bucuruzi canke umunyamuryango akuyeho ivyemezo vyemewe vy’abakozi bemerewe muri sosiyete, agafuta amakuru y’ishirahamwe, agahindura inzira y’ama email y’abaguzi yinjira, canke akafunga sosiyete mu bikoresho vyayo bwite ata ruhusha rw’inama nkuru y’ubuyobozi, ibikorwa vyabo birashobora kurenga ku mategeko ya leta agenga ivy’uguhindura mudasobwa, **Computer Fraud (CFOut on) Itegeko ry’Ubwongereza ryerekeye gukoresha nabi mudasobwa 1990, uretse ko rigira itegeko rusangi Guhindura no gukoresha nabi mudasobwa.
3. Ntukigere ugerageza "gusubira" muri email y'umuntu ku giti ciwe canke ibikoresho vy'umuntu ku giti ciwe. Ahubwo, wandike isaha nyayo @company.com email, Slack, CRM, n’ivyo kwinjira mu gicu vyaciwe.
4. Gusubira gusaba ahantu h'akazi ka Google, Microsoft 365, na konti z'imizi ya AWS:
5. Niba uwo mufatanyabikorwa w’umunyaruyeri yahinduye ijambobanga ry’umuyobozi mukuru ku kibanza c’akazi ca Google canke Microsoft 365, suzuma nimba wewe ukigenzura DNS / Umunyamabanga w’itongo (nk’akarorero, GoDaddy, Cloudflare, Namecheap) aho izina ry’itongo ryanditswe.
6. Google Workspace na Microsoft 365 zompi zifise Gusubizaho konti y'umuyobozi yemewe: mu kwongerako ubuhinga bwihariye TXT canke CNAME n’inyandiko y’igenzura ku mirongo ya DNS y’itongo no kwerekana inyandiko z’ishingwa ry’ishirahamwe (Ingingo z’Ishirahamwe, ikete rya EIN, n’icemezo c’ishirahamwe), ishirahamwe ryemewe rishobora guhatira uwutanga igicu gusubiramwo uburenganzira bwa Super Admin bwo gusubira mw’ishirahamwe.
7. Ku rundi ruhande, iyo uwo mufatanyabikorwa w’umunyaruyeri yanyaze umunyamabanga w’itongo ubwiwe maze akayimurira company.com mu izina ryabo bwite, umuvugizi wawe w’urubanza ategerezwa guca aronka Ex Parte Temporary Restraining Order (TRO) itegeka canecane umufatanyabikorwa (kandi akategeka umunyamabanga w’itongo Igisata kijejwe gukurikiza amategeko) gufunga itongo kugira ngo ntihagire uwuyirungika no kugarura amakuru ya DNS mu gihe c’iterabwoba ry’ubugizi bwa nabi n’ubugizi bwa nabi.

Icigwa ca 4: Gukoresha uburenganzira bwo gusuzuma ibitabo n'amadosiye butegekanijwe n'amategeko¶

Iyo umufatanyabikorwa akuru akufunze QuickBooks, Xero, NetSuite, n’urubuga rwa banki y’ubudandaji, ikintu ca mbere ubanza gukora ni ukugaragaza neza ingene amahera yahinduwe, aho yagiye, n’uko uwo mufatanyabikorwa yariko ariha mu mpisho abagurisha b’ibinyoma canke gushinga ishirahamwe ry’igitutu ry’uguhiganwa.

Gukoresha Ibisabwa n'Igenzura ry'Itegeko kugira ngo umuntu atangaze ivy'amahera ku nguvu¶

Mu mategeko yose yerekeye ishirahamwe n’ishirahamwe LLC muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Canada, n’Ubwongereza, umunyamigabane, umunyamuryango wa LLC, canke umufatanyabikorwa rusangi afise uburenganzira bushitse bwo gusuzuma ibitabu vy’ivy’ubutunzi, amakuru y’imisoro, amakuru ya banki, n’amakuru y’uburongozi bw’ubucuruzi:

• Itegeko ry’Ishirahamwe ry’Ubucuruzi ry’Igihugu ca Delaware n’Icitegererezo (nk’akarorero, Igice ca 220 ca DGCL / Itegeko ry’Ishirahamwe rya Cal. Corp. Igice ca 1601): Umunyamigabane wese canke umuyobozi wese asaba mu nyandiko mu ndahiro avuga “intumbero ibereye” (kandi akora amatohoza ku bijanye n’uburongozi bubi bw’umukuru w’igisirikare, akoresheje ubuhinga bwa none, intumbero ibereye) arafise uburenganzira bwo gusuzuma ibitabu vy’itunganywa ry’amafaranga y’ishirahamwe, amakete ya banki, amasezerano, n’iminota y’inama nkuru mu misi 5 y’akazi. N’ikindi gikomeye kuruta: Umuyobozi w’Ishirahamwe ubu canke Umuyobozi w’Ishirahamwe afise uburenganzira hafi butagira uburenganzira butegekanijwe n’amategeko bwo guca abona amakuru yose y’ishirahamwe akenewe kugira ngo ashobore gukora ibikorwa vyiwe vy’ubuzima.
• Itegeko ry’Ishirahamwe ry’Ishirahamwe ry’Igihugu ry’Igihugu (RULLCA Section 410): Umunyamuryango wese w’Ishirahamwe ry’Ishirahamwe afise uburenganzira bwo gusuzuma no gukopa amakuru yose yerekeye ibikorwa vy’ishirahamwe, uko amafaranga ameze, amakuru y’imisoro ya Leta/Leta, n’amakuru y’ibikorwa.
• Canada (CBCA Igice ca 21 / OBCA) n’Ubwongereza (Itegeko ry’Amashirahamwe 2006): Abafise imigabane n’abarongozi bafise uburenganzira bwo gusuzuma butegekanijwe n’amategeko, kandi kwihisha amakuru y’ivy’ubuhinga bw’ivy’ubuhinga bw’ivy’ubuhinga bw’ivy’ubuhinga bw’ivy’ubuhinga bw’ivy’ubuhinga ni icaha gitegekanijwe n’amategeko hakurikijwe Igice ca 388 c’Itegeko ry’Amashirahamwe y’Ubwongereza 2006.

Icigwa ca 5: Gutsinda itegeko ryo guhagarika igikorwa c'igihe gito (TRO) n'ukwizigira kwubaka¶

Iyo umugenzi wawe w’umunyaruyeri yirengagije ikete ryawe ry’ugusaba, yanse kugarura amahera yacitse, canke ariko arasaba n’umwete abakozi bawe n’abaguzi bawe ngo baje mu gisata gishasha ca LLC (ukurenga ku ngingo ngenderwako Corporate Opportunity Doctrine), ntushobora kurindira amezi 18 kugira ngo urubanza rw’abanyagihugu rubeho. Utegerezwa kuronka imfashanyo y’itegeko ryihutirwa mu masaha 24 gushika kuri 72.

Ivyiyumviro vyihutirwa vy'ibice 4 umuvugizi wawe azotanga¶

1. Ugusaba Ex Parte guhabwa itegeko ryo guhagarika ibikorwa vy'agateganyo (TRO) n'uguhagarika itunga:
2. Ishikirizwa mu buryo bwihutirwa (kenshi n’itangazo ry’amasaha 24 canke itangazo zero nimba gutanga itangazo vyotuma uwo mufatanyabikorwa arungika amahera yibwe hanze y’igihugu).
3. TRO irabuza mu mategeko umufatanyabikorwa w’umunyaruyeri gukura, kwimurira, gukoresha, canke kuremesha amahera yose y’ishirahamwe, kandi ihagarika amakonti yihariye y’umuntu ku giti ciwe canke y’inyuma ya banki aho amahera yahinduwe yashitse mu Ikigega c’Ubwubatsi.
4. Itegeko ry'Itegeko ryo Gusubizaho Ivyariho kera:
5. Inkiko zitanga amategeko yo kuzigama "ikibanza ca nyuma nyaco, c'amahoro, kitagira aho kigarukira cabanjirije impaka ziriko ziraba."
6. Kubera ko ikibazo ca nyuma c’amahoro cari imbere y’uko uwo mufatanyabikorwa w’umunyaruyeri akufunga mu biro, akuraho amakuru yawe ya email/software, akagukurako amazi kuri konti ya banki, umucamanza azotegeka uwo mufatanyabikorwa w’umunyaruyeri gusubiramwo ubwo nyene amakuru yose yo kwinjira, gutanga imfunguruzo z’ibikorwa vy’umubiri, no gusubiza iyo konti yahinduwe kuri ho4. gufatwa/guhabwa amande kubera Gusuzugura Urukiko.
7. Gushinga Umuyobozi w’Agateganyo, Umucungezi, canke Uwakira Ivy’Agateganyo:
8. Iyo sosiyete ifise 50/50 kandi abo babiri badashobora kwizigirana kugira ngo bashire umukono ku masheki, nusabe sentare gushinga Umuyobozi w’agateganyo (kugira ngo akureho amabarabara y’ubuyobozi) canke Umucungezi / Umukozi w’Imari yashinzwe n’Urukiko rw’Igihugu akazi kiwe konyene ari ugutanga amasheki y’abakozi n’abafatanyabikorwa gusahura ubucuruzi mu gihe ugugura canke kwirukanwa n’ubutungane biriko biraburanishwa.
9. Iciyumviro ku bijanye n’Inguzanyo z’Ukwakira Ivy’Ubushitse: Irinde gusaba Ukwakira Inguzanyo yuzuye kiretse bikenewe, kuko Ukwakira Inguzanyo z’Ubushitse birazimvye kandi bishobora gutuma umuntu adashobora kwishura inguzanyo z’amabanki y’ubudandaji.
10. Ukwirukanwa n'ubutungane kw'umufatanyabikorwa w'umunyaruyeri (Guma ubucuruzi, kwirukana umusuma):
11. Mu mategeko y’ubu y’ubufatanye (nk’Icigwa ca 602(5)** ca RULLCA, yemejwe mu bihugu birimwo California, Florida, Illinois, New Jersey, na Washington) be n’amategeko y’ubufatanye (Icigwa ca 601(5) ca RUPA), ntubwirizwa gusesa no gusenyura ubucuruzi buzana inyungu kubera gusa uwo mushingwamanza wawe ari we twashinze ubucuruzi.
12. Ushobora gusaba sentare kwirukana (gutandukanya) uwo mufatanyabikorwa w’ikibi mu kwemeza ko bakoze inyifato mbi yagize ingaruka mbi kandi mu vy’umubiri kuri iyo sosiyete, ukamuhindura umunyagihugu w’ubutunzi atagira uburenganzira bwo gutora, igiciro ciwe co kugura kigabanywa idolari ku dolari n’amahera bivye n’amahera baciye mu mategeko.

Icigwa ca 6: Inyandiko z'ibisabwa vyihutirwa ijambo ku rindi (Itangazo ryo guhagarika banki n'umufatanyabikorwa w'umunyaruyeri guhagarika no guhagarika)¶

Inyandiko ya 1: Itangazo ryihutirwa ry'amabwirizwa avuguruzanya kuri Banki y'Ubudandaji¶

Ikiganiro: BIHUTIRE: Itangazo ry'Intambara y'Ubutunzi bw'Ishirahamwe, Ukwimurira Ishirahamwe ata wemerewe & Gusaba Gufata Umukono w'Ishirahamwe, [Izina ry'Ishirahamwe ry'Itegeko], Konti #[XXXX]
"Ku Muyobozi w'Ishami, Umuyobozi w'Imigenderanire y'Ubucuruzi, n'Igisata c'Ubuhendanyi/Ivy'Amategeko mu Itunga rya [Izina rya Banki]:

Ndi [Izina ryawe], [Izina, nk’akarorero, 50% Umunyamuryango Muyobozi / Umushingwamanza n’Umunyamabanga w’Ishirahamwe] wa [Izina ry’Ishirahamwe] (EIN: [XX-XXXXXXX]), kandi ndi umunyamuryango wemerewe kuri Konti y’Ubucuruzi #[XXXX].

Urasavye umenyeshe ko hariho impaka zikomeye z'uburongozi bw'ishirahamwe n'ivy'ubutunzi ku bijanye n'ugutanga amafaranga ata wemerewe yatangujwe n'uwashizeko umukono [Izina ry'umufatanyabikorwa w'umunyaruyeri]. Mu buryo bwihariye, ku [Itariki], [Izina ry’Umufatanyabikorwa w’Umunyavyaha] yarungitse $[Igiciro] kuri Konti #[XXXX] biciye kuri [Wire/ACH] ata ruhusha rw’inama nkuru/umunyamuryango kandi hanze y’ingendo isanzwe y’ubudandaji.

Dushingiye ku masezerano ya konti ya banki y'ubudandaji yerekeye ibisabwa bihushanye n'ingingo ya 4 ya UCC, ndakuraho uburenganzira bwose bwo gukura amahera umuntu akoresheje umukono umwe, gukoresha amawaya, inkomoko za ACH, canke gukura amahera ku murongo w'inguzanyo na [Izina ry'umufatanyabikorwa w'umunyaruyeri]. Ndategeka Banki mu buryo butegekanijwe:
1. Ubwo nyene utangure Kwibuka / Guhindura ACH ku bijanye n’uguhererekanya (s) ata wemerewe $[Igiciro] coherejwe ku [Itariki];
2. Gushiramwo Administrative Dispute Hold kuri Konti #[XXXX] (canke usabe kwemezwa kwanditse hamwe kwa [Izina ryawe] na [Izina ry’Umufatanyabikorwa w’Umunyaruyeri]) ku bikorwa vyose biva hanze, kiretse gusa ibice vy’imishahara vyashinzwe imbere y’igihe kuri [ADP/Gusto]; na
3. Zigama kandi umpe kopi z'amakuru yose yerekeye abaronka inyungu, amakuru yo kwinjira muri IP, n'amatangazo ya konti y'imisi 90 iheze."

Inyandiko ya 2: Guhagarika Urubanza, Guca ku mategeko, no Gusaba Gusubizaho Amasaha 24 ku Mufatanyabikorwa w'Umunyavyaha¶

Iciyumviro: ITANGAZO RY'AMATEGEKO: Kurenga ku gikorwa co kwizigira, guhindura umutungo w'ishirahamwe, no kuzigama amatati
"[Izina ry'Umufatanyabikorwa], ibikorwa vyawe vy'uruhande rumwe ku [Itariki] (harimwo no kwimurira $[Igiciro] kuri konti y'ibikorwa ya [Izina ry'Ishirahamwe] ata ruhusha, gukuraho uburenganzira bwanje bwo gukoresha [Google Workspace / QuickBooks / Bank Portals], no guhungabanya ibikorwa vyawe vy'ishirahamwe) bivuga ko ari ukurenga ku bikorwa vyawe n'uburenganzira bwawe guhindura/kwiba ivy’ishirahamwe, no kwivanga mu migenderanire y’ubudandaji y’ishirahamwe.

Keretse iyo ibikorwa vy’ugukosora bikurikira birangiye mu buryo bushitse bitarenze [Igihe nyaco, nk’akarorero, ejo isaha cumi n’ibiri z’ijoro, amasaha 24 kuva ubu], umuvugizi wacu w’amatati azotanga Ikirego cagenzuwe n’Ikirego c’Igihugu c’Itegeko ry’Uguhagarika Ibikorwa vy’Igihe gito, Ukwizigira kw’Ubutungane, na [] uburenganzira, igihano c’ivyago, n’ugusubizwa amahera yose y’ishirahamwe:
1. Gusubiza 100 kw’ijana vy’amahera yahinduwe $[Igiciro] biciye ku nzira y’ugutanga amahera y’umusi umwe, ugasubira muri [Izina ry’Ishirahamwe] kuri konti y’intango y’ibikorwa;
2. Gusubizaho amakuru yuzuye, ataco abujijwe y’Umuyobozi Mukuru n’umunyamuryango ku [urutonde rw’imeli zose, igicu, ubuhinga bwo guharura amafaranga, n’ibibanza vy’ubudandaji] n’ugushikira [Aderesi y’Ingoro]; na
3. Hagarika guhanahana amakuru yose n’abakozi, abagurisha canke abaguzi bivuga ko bahindura uburongozi bw’ishirahamwe.

ITANGAZO RY'IKIBAZO: Usabwa n'amategeko kuzigama no kudafuta, guhindura, canke kwandika kuri email iyo ari yo yose, ubutumwa bwo kuri Slack/WhatsApp, amakuru ya banki, amakuru y'igenzura ry'igicu, canke ama hard drive yerekeye [Izina ry'Ishirahamwe] canke ikigo cose gihanganye."

Ibibazo bikunda kubazwa¶

Inyobora zifitaniye isano¶

• Gukuraho abakozi n'umutekano ku kazi
• Ubusuma bwo ku kazi, ubusuma bwo mu maduka, n’ubuhendanyi bwo mu mutima
• Ishirahamwe ry'ubucuruzi ry'imeli (BEC) n'ukwibuka ubusuma bw'amatelefone
• Ikibazo c'amahera y'imishahara n'ukubura kwubahiriza amategeko y'imishahara
• Umugambi wo gukomeza ubucuruzi no gusubizaho ibiza
• Inomero z'ivyihutirwa n'ugurungika mpuzamakungu

Amasoko yasuzumwe¶

• Komisiyo y’Itegeko Rimwe (ULC) (Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika): Itegeko ry’Ishirahamwe ry’Igihugu ry’Igihugu ry’Igihugu (RULLCA) ryasubiwemwo Igice ca 407 (Uburongozi bw’Ishirahamwe ry’Igihugu), Igice ca 409 (Ingingo z’Inyifato / Inshingano z’Ubudahemuka n’Ukwitwararika), Igice ca 410 (Uburenganzira bw’Umunyamuryango ku Makuru), Igice ca 409 (Uburenganzira bw’Umunyamuryango ku Makuru), Igice ca 409 (Uburenganzira bw’Umunyamuryango ku Makuru), Igice ca 409. Gutandukana/Kwirukana Umunyamuryango w’Ikibi).
• Itegeko ry’Ishirahamwe ry’Ishirahamwe ry’Igihugu ca Delaware (DGCL) n’Itegeko ry’Ishirahamwe ry’Ubucuruzi ry’Icitegererezo (MBCA) (Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika): Itegeko rya 142 rya DGCL (Gukuraho Abayobozi b’Ishirahamwe), Igice ca 220 (Igenzura ry’Ibitabo n’Ivyanditswe), Igice ca 225 (Itora ry’Ishirahamwe ry’Ishirahamwe ry’Ishirahamwe ry’Igihugu ry’Igihugu canke ry’Igihugu2), Igice ca 225. Umuyobozi w’agateganyo mu gisagara ca Deadlock).
• Itegeko ry’ubudandaji rimwe (UCC) Ingingo ya 4 n’amategeko agenga ivy’ugushiramwo amafaranga muri banki y’ubudandaji (Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika): Uburenganzira bwa Banki bwo guhagarika amakonti iyo yakiriye itangazo ry’ibirego bihushanye / amatati y’ubutegetsi.
• Itegeko ry’amashirahamwe ryo mu 2006 n’Itegeko ryerekeye uguhomba kw’amashirahamwe ryo mu 1986 (Ubwongereza): *Igice ca 171 gushika ku ca 177 (Ibikorwa rusangi vy’abarongozi), Igice ca 388 (Itegeko ryo kugumiza amakuru y’ivy’ubuhinga bw’amafaranga yuguruye kugira ngo abayobozi bayasuzume), n’Igice ca 994 (Ikirego c’Umunyamuryango wa Unfair Prejucedi ku bijanye n’Ishirahamwe.
• Itegeko ry’amashirahamwe y’ubudandaji ryo muri Canada (CBCA) n’amategeko agenga amashirahamwe y’ubudandaji yo mu ntara (Canada): Igice ca 122 (Igikorwa co kwizigira abarongozi n’abakozi), Igice ca 21 (Ugushika ku makuru y’amashirahamwe), n’Igice ca 241 (Igikorwa co gutorera umuti agahahazo n’amategeko y’agateganyo y’urukiko).