Ugusenyuka kw'Izuba Kuri hanze y'Uruzitiro: Fizi ya Class-T yapfutse, Umugenzuzi w'Ishaja Yakozwe, n'Ibanki y'Ibateri¶

Iyo inzu y’ibarabara, imodoka y’ibarabara, inzu ntoyi canke inzu iri kure cane bitakaje amashanyarazi y’izuba mu kiringo c’imbeho kiri munsi y’umuyagankuba, ivyo bica vyihuta biva ku ngorane bikaja ku ngorane y’ubuzima. Iyo ata nguvu za bateri y’amavolte 12, 24 canke 48 y’umuriro n’inguvu z’umuyagankuba w’amavolte 120 canke 230, ibikoresho vy’ugushushanya amabarabara vy’amazuku birafunga hagati mu gihe c’ingendo, amapompa y’amariba n’ibikoresho vy’ugusukura UV vy’ibidengeri birahagarika gutemba, ibikoresho vy’uguhumeka vy’i CPAP n’ibikoresho vy’uguhumeka vy’i CPAP n’i (\(\text{LiFePO}_4\)) canke amabanki y'amabateri y'amabuye y'agaciro ashobora gusenyuka ubudasiba. Ikibi kuruta, kugerageza gusubizaho ubuhinga bwo gucunga amabateri (BMS) canke gusubirira fizi nyamukuru yapfutse mu buryo butari bwo, birashobora gutuma umuyagankuba w’amavolte 100 gushika ku mavolte 450 udafise ububiko bw’amavolte mu nzira igororotse mu gikoresho co gucungera amabateri, MOSFET yerekana umuyagankuba w’umuyagankuba.

Amabateri y’umuriro muto (DC) abika inguvu nyinshi cane z’amakosa: umuriro mutoyi upfuye mu banki y’amabateri ya litiyumu y’amavolte 12 canke 48 ushobora kurekura 3.000 gushika ku 10.000 amperes z’umuriro udahinduka, ugatuma urufunguruzo rw’icuma ruhinduka umuriro w’icuma ushobora gusha umuriro w’umuyagankuba canke w’imiti. Nimba banki y’amabateri iriko iranywa itabi, iriko iravuza induru, iriko irasohora ubumara bw’iyidrojeni canke gaze y’iyidrojene, canke iriko iravyimba kubera ubushuhe buva ku bushuhe, uce uva mu nzu canke mu modoka ubwo nyene maze uhamagare inomero y’ivyihutirwa yo mu karere iwanyu (911 muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika no muri Kanada, 112 mu bihugu vyose vy’Ubumwe bw’Uburaya, 999 mu Bwongereza) canke usuzume ivyacu . inomero z'ivyihutirwa ububiko. Ku bibazo bijanye n’ibikorwa remezo bitari ku rubuga, raba izuba, amazi n'imyanda bitagira uruzitiro, ubuzima bw'imodoka n'ivyihutirwa vy'uburaro bw'imodoka, na amashanyarazi y’ibikoresho bikoresha umwuka w’ikirere, ibikoresho bikoresha umwuka w’ikirere, n’ibikoresho bikoresha CPAP.

Ivyo ubikore ubu¶

1. Suzuma ko ubushuhe bwa bateri buva, umuriro, canke gazi y’ubumara isohoka imbere y’uko ukora ku ruzitiro urwo ari rwo rwose. Niwaba wumva umunuko w’ibinyobwa (ugusohoka kw’amazi y’ibara ry’agahama) canke amagi yaboze (agazi y’ibara ry’agahama y’ibara ry’agahama), wumve utugingo ngengabuzima twa bateri, canke ubone sdo not hissing igice. Katura ivyuma vy’izuba vyo hanze, bice biva hanze, uce uva hanze uvuye hanze, hanyuma uhamagare 911 (112 canke 999).
2. Wumvire itegeko ry’inzahabu ryo gukuraho: WAME zima Solar PV Array Disconnect IMBERE yo gukuraho Banki ya Bateri ku gikoresho co gucungera umuriro ca MPPT. Gukuraho banki ya bateri mu gihe amatara y’izuba aguma afise amashanyarazi mu gikoresho co gucungera umuriro bikuraho umuriro w’umugenzuzi, ca-u (\(V_{oc}\)) kugira ngo ushiremwo no guteka MOSFETs zo mu mutima n’ibikoresho vy’imbere.
3. Wumvire Itegeko ry’Izahabu ryo Gusubira Gufatanya: WAME uhuze Banki ya Bateri n’igikoresho co gucungera umuriro MBERE, urindire amasegonda 30 kugira ngo igicapo gifunguke maze kimenye 12V/24V/48V, hanyuma uhuze Solar PV Array n’Igikoresho ca Solar PV Array LAST. Guhuza amapaneli y’izuba n’igikoresho co gucungera umuriro gishobora gukoreshwa umugenzuzi kugira ngo asome nabi umuriro w’ibarabara nk’uburyo bw’amavolte 48 maze ushire amavolte 58 mu banki y’amabateri y’amavolte 12.
4. Ntukigere uhindukiza umuyagankuba mukuru wa bateri yugarijwe ku muhinduzi w’umuriro utabanje gushaja ama Capacitors. Ama inverter manini manini y’ama watt 1.500 gushika ku 5.000 y’umuyagankuba w’umuyagankuba arimwo ama capacitors menshi cane yo mu mutima DC akora nk’umuyagankuba w’umuyagankuba wa **0-ohm for de5ad. Gufunga umuyagankuba wa bateri ataco ubanza gucagura bituma haba umuyagankuba w’amashanyarazi w’ama ampere 1.000 utera BMS yawe ya litiyumu mu gufunga umuriro muto, ugafunga amakontakte y’umuyagankuba, canke ugafuha fizi yawe ya Class-T.
5. Nimba inverter yawe canke fizi ya Class-T yapfuye mu mwijima w’ubukonje, ushire ivyuma bikomeye vy’ubuzima 12V/24V (igikoresho co gushushanya, urumuri rwa LED, pompe y’amazi) uyishire ku bipimo vya bateri biciye ku fizi y’imodoka iri mu murongo. Inverter ya AC ikoresha amazi 15 gushika kuri 40d. Guca ku nzira y’umuyagankuba yapfuye kugira ngo ukoreshe igikoresho cawe co gushushanya amavuta y’amavolte 12 n’igikoresho cawe co gucapura telefone ataco uhinduye ku banki ya bateri, birazigama igihe co gukoresha incuro zitanu mw’ijoro.
6. Ntukigere ugerageza gukoresha ku nguvu bateri ya Litiyumu (\(\text{LiFePO}_4\)) ubushuhe bwo mu gice cayo buri munsi ya degre 0 Celsius (degre 32 Fahrenheit). Gushaja bateri ya \(\text{LiFePO}_4\) yakonje bituma ivyuma biva kuri litiyumu (degre plating**), kwonona ubushobozi bw’ingingo no gutuma haba akaga k’umuriro wo mu mutima w’umurongo muto. Susurutsa uruzitiro rwa bateri hejuru ya degre 5 Celsius (degre 41 Fahrenheit) imbere yo gukoresha umuriro wo kuyishaja.

Igiti c'ingingo: Gupima urutonde rw'izuba rw'umwiza¶

flowchart TD
    A["Amashanyarazi azimye hanze y'uruzitiro: Inverter yapfuye canke mu nzu y'umwijima"] --> B{"Hari umwotsi, umunuko w’amagi aboze canke w’ibinyobwa, canke igisandugu c’amabateri gishushe?"}
    B -->|"Ego: Ubushuhe buhunga canke gazi"| C["NTUFUNGURE isandugu y’amabateri; n'uve mu muyaga ubwo nyene maze uhamagare 911 / 112 / 999"]
    B -->|"Oya: Hakanye kandi haracereje"| D["Pima umuriro wa DC ku bipimo vya bateri vs. Busbar ukoresheje igipimo c'umuyagankuba"]
    D --> E{"None iyo multimètre isoma iki ku bibanza vy’amabateri?"}
    E -->|"0.0V gushika kuri 2.5V kuri Bateri ya Litiyumu (canke 0V inyuma ya Fuse)"| F{"Suzuma Ikigo Nyamukuru-T / ANL Ububandanya bwa Fuse mbere"}
    F -->|"Fizi irapfutse (Ugufungura)"| G["1. Zima Inverter n'Igikoresho ca PV\n2. Suzuma ko intsinga zipfuye zigufi\n3. Imbere yo gushiramwo umuriro w'inverter n'umuriro imbere yo gushiramwo umuriro w'inyuma"]
    F -->|"Fizi ntaco ikoze: Bateri ubwayo isoma 0V"| H["LiFePO4 BMS iri mu gukingira itiro ry'umuriro muto canke ry'umuriro muto"]
    H --> I["Guca imizigo yose; mbere y'ugushaja CANKE gukoresha 13.6V (gusa iyo bateri > 0°C / 32°F)"]
    E -->|"Inguvu zisanzwe (12.8V / 25.6V / 51.2V) kuri Bateri, Inverter Yapfuye"| J["Suzuma Inverter DC Breaker, Remote Gufungura/Kuzima, canke Guca Umuriro Muto"]
    J --> K["Iyo Inverter ipfutse: Reka Inverter n’umugozi w’Igikoresho co Gushushanya 12V n’Igikoresho co Gushaja USB biciye ku fizi y’umurongo wa 15A ku bateri"]
    E -->|"Bateri iri hasi (<11.5V / 23V / 46V) na MPPT ntiyishura ku zuba"| L["1. Gukuraho PV Array MBERE\n2. Suzuma ama Breaker ya PV n'ama plugs ya MC4\n3. Subira gufatanya Bateri MBERE, hanyuma PV Array"]

Itegeko rya 1: Urutonde rw'ingenzi rwo guca no gusubira gufatanya ibikoresho bigenzura umuriro w'izuba vya MPPT¶

Mu gihe c’ugucika kw’umuriro vyihutirwa, ikosa risanzwe kandi rizimvye cane abatuye hanze y’uruzitiro bakora ni ugusubira gufungura igikoresho co kugenzura umuriro w’izuba ca MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) cari carakonje mu guhindukiza umuriro w’umuyagankuba w’ibateri nyamukuru maze ugasubira gufungura mu gihe izuba ririko rirakayangana ku bipande vyo ku gisenge.

1. Kubera iki guca bateri mu gihe amatara y’izuba ariko arakora bitera umugenzuzi wa MPPT¶

Kugira ngo utahure igituma urutonde ruhambaye, suzuma itandukaniro ry’umuriro hagati y’igisenge cawe n’ibarabara ryawe ry’amabateri:

• Igikoresho c’izuba gisanzwe co mu nzu canke mu nzu y’indege gifise amatara y’izuba 2 gushika ku 6 y’inguvu nyinshi akoreshwa mu buryo bukurikiranye, atanga 75 gushika ku 250 volts DC open-circuit (\(V_{oc}\)) (kandi ashika kuri 450 volts DC ku bikoresho binini binini bihindura umuriro).
• Imbere mu gikoresho co kugenzura umuriro wa MPPT, ama transistors ya MOSFET ahindura amafaranga n’ama coils y’umuyagankuba bitera intambwe iyo nzira y’amavolte 150 gushika ku **14,4 volts (ku banki ya 12V), 28,8 volts (ku banki ya 24V), canke 57,6 volts (ku banki ya 24V), canke 57,6 volts (ku banki ya 24V), canke 57,6 volts (ku banki ya 24V), canke 57,6 volts (ku banki ya 24V), canke 57,6 volts (ku banki ya 24V). buffer kugira ngo unywe umuriro.
• Ivyo bishika iyo bateri ivuye mu gihe c'umuzigo: Iyo uzimye umuyagankuba mukuru wo guhagarika bateri, canke iyo BMS y'imbere ya bateri yawe \(\text{LiFePO}_4\) ifunguka kubera ubusumbasumbane bw'umuriro mwinshi canke ubushuhe bukonje, mu gihe umugenzuzi ariko arakora cane, kugenda. Mu masegonda makeyi, umurongo w’umuyagankuba uriko urasenyuka mu gitereko ca MPPT urema igipimo c’umuriro w’ugusenyuka kirenze igipimo c’umuriro wo gusenyuka c’ama MOSFET, kigafuha urubaho rw’imbere rw’umugenzuzi canke kigatuma umuriro wa bisi ya 12V/24V DC utera imbere urenga applivoltance out-60. motherboard y’umuriro, module ya compresseur ya frigo, pompe y’amazi, na routeur) bikiri bifatanye n’ibarabara ry’umuyagankuba ry’umuyagankuba.

2. Intambwe ku yindi nyayo y'uguhagarika no gusubira gutangura¶

Fata mu mutwe kandi ushireko ikimenyetso uru rukurikirane ku ruhome rwawe rw'umuyagankuba ukoresheje ikimenyetso kidahera:

• Kugira ngo uzime canke usubiremwo umuyagankuba (IZUBA RYA MBERE, BATERI YA KABIRI):
• Intambwe ya 1: Zima Imizigo ya DC / Inverter ya AC kugira ngo umuriro uremereye uhagarike gutemba.
• Intambwe ya 2: Zima OFF Igikoresho co guca umuriro w’izuba / Isolator y’izuba (hagati y’ibikoresho vy’izuba n’umugenzuzi wa MPPT). Ntukigere ukuraho ama connecteurs y’izuba ya MC4 n’intoke zawe mu gihe umuriro uriko uragenda uri munsi y’umuzigo; gukuraho umugozi w’umuyagankuba w’umuriro w’amashanyarazi 150V DC MC4 bikuraho umuriro wa plasma uhoraho ushongera umuriro w’ipulasitike maze ugatuma umuriro w’umuyagankuba uturika. Niba udafise igikoresho co gucapura PV, banza utere uburengeti bukomeye butaboneka canke igipande c’ikarata hejuru y’ibikoresho vy’izuba.
• Intambwe ya 3: Rindira amasegonda 15 kugira ngo igisomwa c'injiza ca PV c'umugenzuzi wa MPPT kigere kuri 0 Volts.

• Intambwe ya 4: Zima Igikoresho co guca amabateri / co guca amabateri (hagati ya banki ya bateri n'umugenzuzi wa MPPT). Rindira amasegonda 60 kugira ngo ama LED yose y’umugenzuzi agende mu mwijima kugira ngo microprocesseur isubire gukora.

• Kugira ngo ushire ubushobozi ku gikoresho co gucungera umuriro (BATERI YA MBERE, IZUBA RYA KABIRI):

• Intambwe ya 1: Suzuma ukoresheje multimètre ko banki yawe ya bateri yerekana umuriro mwiza wo kuruhuka (hejuru ya 10.5V ku 12V, 21V ku 24V, canke 42V ku 48V).
• Intambwe ya 2: Hindukiza ON Igicapo ca Bateri / Igicapo ca Bateri MBERE (gufatanya banki ya bateri n'iy'umugenzuzi wa MPPT BATT + kandi BATT - terminaux mu gihe amatara y’izuba aguma ataco akora).
• Intambwe ya 3: Rindira amasegonda 30 yuzuye. Raba igicapo ca MPPT canke porogarama ya Bluetooth ifunguye maze ugenzure ko umugenzuzi yafunze ku ntunganyo y’umuriro (12V, 24V, canke 48V) n’imiterere y’ubuhinga bwa bateri (LiFePO4 vs. AGM vs. Flooded Lead-Acid).
• Intambwe ya 4: Hindukiza ON Igikoresho co gucapura DC c'Imirongo ibiri y'Izuba PV LAST. Mu masegonda 10 gushika kuri 30, igikoresho co gukurikirana MPPT kizokubura umuriro w’ibarabara maze gitangure gucagura vyinshi ata nkomanzi.

3. "Hyper-VOC" y'ibihe vy'ubukonje (Igituma ibikoresho bigenzura izuba biturika mu gitondo c'izuba -20°C)¶

Ivyuma vyinshi bitagira uruzitiro bikora mu ci cose no mu mpera z’umwaka, hanyuma bikafuka umuyagankuba wavyo wa MPPT canke bikajugunya "Ikosa 20 / PV Over-Voltage Fault" mu gitondo ca mbere gitomoye kandi gikanye cane c’urushana.

• Fizike ya Silicon ikonnye: Ivyuma bikoresha izuba bitanga umuriro mwinshi uko bikonja. Igitabo c’amakuru y’izuba kivuga urutonde rw’inguvu zaco zifunguye (\(V_{oc}\)) ku gihe c’igerageza ry’izuba (STC) ry’i +25 degre Celsius (+77 degre Fahrenheit). Ku degre yose ubushuhe bugabanutse munsi ya +25°C, umuriro w’ico gipande uraduga n’ibice 0,30 gushika kuri 0,35 kw’ijana ku degre Celsius.
• Igipimo c’umuriro w’urushana: Ku -25 degrees Celsius (-13 degrees Fahrenheit), 50°C zigabanutse munsi y’igipimo ca 25°C, umuriro w’izuba ry’umurongo wuguruye uraduga 16 gushika ku 18 kw’ijana hejuru y’igipande kiri inyuma. Iyo ushize amatara atatu y’amavolte 45 mu rutonde (\(3 \incuro 45\igisomwa{V} = 135\igisomwa{V}\) ku 25°C) mu gikoresho co kugenzura MPPT gifise ubushobozi bwa 150V (nk’igikoresho ca Victron SmartSolar 150/35), ku musi w’izuba ryinshi inyuma y’aho ubushuhe bugera kuri -25°C. 158 Volts DC, birenze 150V vy’umugenzuzi kandi bikagabanya diode y’uburinzi bw’injiza.
• Igikoresho co gukosora ivyihutirwa mu gitondo gikanye: Niba umugenzuzi wawe wa MPPT yerekana Ikosa ry’umuriro urengeje urugero mu gitondo kiri munsi ya zero, zima umuzima wa PV ubwo nyene, ugende ku gasandugu k’ivyuma bifatanya hasi canke ku gisenge, hanyuma **ushire umugozi umwe mu gice c’umurongo a-se-3 mu gihe gito. 2-in-series string) gushika ubushuhe bushushe, canke urindire gushika mu gicugu igihe ubushuhe bw’izuba bushushanya utugingo ngengabuzima tw’ibirahuri maze tugatuma umuriro wavyo ugabanuka munsi y’urugero.

Itegeko rya 2: Uko wobanza gucapura ama capaciteur y’inverter kugira ngo BMS yawe na fizi ya Class-T ntizipfuke¶

Twibaze ko banki yawe y’amabateri ya litiyumu yatsitaje BMS yayo yo mu mutima mw’ijoro rimwe kubera umuzigo watumye bateri igira amazi menshi gushika ku 10.0V y’umuriro mutoyi. Bukeye mu gitondo, ugerageza guhindura umuriro w’ibateri nyamukuru ugasubira ku . ON, kandi mu kanya nk’ako guhindukiza umuyagankuba, haba SNAP ivuga cane, BMS ya bateri igaca isubira mu 0.0V Short-Circuit Protection, canke fizi yawe nyamukuru ya 250A Class-T irapfuka.

1. Kubera iki inverter yapfuye isa n’umurongo mugufi wapfuye kuri Lithium BMS .¶

Inverter yose y’ubushobozi bwinshi DC-to-AC (1.000W gushika kuri 5.000W) irimwo banki nini y’amashanyarazi ibikoresho vy’iyunguruzo rya bisi ya DC ku bihimba vyayo vy’injiza vyiza n’ibibi kugira ngo ihindure umuvuduko wa AC:

• Iyo inverter imaze iminota irenga 2 ivuye ku nguvu za bateri, izo capacitors zo mu mutima zica zimanuka zishika kuri 0.0 Volts zigakora nk’umuriro mutoyi w’0.001-ohm** mu masegonda 10 gushika kuri 50 ya mbere iyo nguvu zisubiye gukoreshwa.
• Gutera bateri y’amashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi 12,8V, 25,6V, canke 51,2V \(\text{LiFePO}_4\) ataco ihinduye ku bikoresho vy’amashanyarazi vy’amashanyarazi vy’amashanyarazi 0, bica bituma amashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi agera kuri 800 gushika ku 3.500 amperes agira ako kanya.
• Igikoresho ca BMS ca bateri yawe kibona igipimo c’amashanyarazi c’ama ampere 2.000, kigafata ko hariho igihe gipfuye, maze kigafungura MOSFETs zaco zo mu mutima mu masegonda 200, kigasiga system yawe ipfuye.

2. Uburyo butatu butekanye bwo gushaja imbere y'igihe ama capacitors yawe y'inverter mu murima¶

Utegerezwa kuzuza ("pre-charge") ama capacitors y'inverter ku nkomezi za bateri mu masegonda 5 gushika kuri 10 biciye ku nzira y'umuriro mbere yo gufunga umuyagankuba mukuru wa bateri canke gufunga umugozi wa nyuma w'umuyagankuba.

flowchart TD
    A["Bikenewe gusubira gufatanya banki ya bateri n'inverter yasohotse"] --> B["1. Hindukiza umuriro w'inverter\n2. Gufungura umuyagankuba wa bateri (canke usige umugozi munini w'umuyagankuba udapfutse)"]
    B --> C{"Ni igikoresho ikihe co gushaja imbere y'igihe ufise mu kuboko?"}
    C -->|"Ihitamwo A: Igikoresho co gukingira imbere y'ugushaja (10 gushika kuri 50 Ohm, 25W-50W)"| D["Fata Resistor ijana ku nzira zifunguye za Main Switch mu masegonda 8"]
    C -->|"Ihitamwo B: 12V Itara ry'Igerageza ry'Imodoka canke Itara ry'Imbere ry'Itara rya Halogen"| E["Gukora ku matara bijana ku bipande vy’amatara vyuguruye: Amatara arakayangana cane mu ntango, hanyuma agaca azimangana uko ama capacitors yuzura (amasegonda 8)"]
    C -->|"Ihitamwo C: Itara ry'umuriro ry'umuriro 120V canke ikintu c'ishimikiro co guteka umukate"| F["Fata amano 2 y'umuyagankuba wa 120V canke umuyagankuba w'umuriro w'umuriro (Toaster) ku bihimba vy'umuriro w'umuyagankuba vyuguruye mu masegonda 10"]
    D --> G["Ubu ama capacitors yuzuye 99% ku nguvu za bateri: Zero spark"]
    E --> G
    F --> G
    G --> H["Ubwo nyene hindukiza umuyagankuba wa bateri ku ON (canke ushire umugozi wo hasi) mu masegonda 3"]

Kurikiza ubu buryo bw'intambwe 4:

1. Hindukiza umuriro w'umubiri wa Inverter ON/OFF ku OFF.
2. Hitamwo umuriro-ugabanya ubu:
3. Ivyiza: Igikoresho co gukingira umugozi w’ivyuma gifise ubushobozi bwa 10 ohms gushika kuri 47 ohms (10W gushika kuri 50W).
4. Igikoresho ca 12V/24V: Itara ry’amafirime y’imodoka ry’amavolte 12 canke itara ry’imbere ry’umuyagankuba H4/H7 (si itara ry’amatara ry’umuyagankuba).
5. Igikoresho co mu nzu c’ubuhinga bwa 12V/24V/48V: Igikoresho cose co gushushanya kidakoreshwa n’ubuhinga bwa none** gifise umuyagankuba w’umubiri ufunguwe, nk’itara rya kera ry’umuyagankuba 60W, igikoresho co guteka umukate w’ishimikiro kitari co c’ubuhinga bwa none, a**cron, canke sol (ivyo bihimba bibiri vy’umuyagankuba wa AC bikora igikoresho co gukingira nichrome c’amaohm 12 gushika ku 100).
6. Funga ikinogo gifunguye mu masegonda 8 gushika kuri 10: Ufise umugozi mwiza wa bateri nyamukuru uhuye kandi umugozi mukuru w’inverter gusa ufunguye (canke umugozi w’inverter negative ufashe mu kuboko kwawe gufise amaganzu), kanda umugozi umwe w’umugozi wawe, umugozi w’amatara, canke umugozi w’ikete ku Bateri Side ad the Amasegonda 10 yuzuye**.
7. Funga umuriro mukuru ubwo nyene: Mu masegonda 2 uhejeje gukuraho resistor, hindukiza umuriro mukuru wa bateri ku ON (canke ushire umugozi ku gipfukisho). Hazoba zero spark kandi BMS yawe \(\text{LiFePO}_4\) izoguma kuri internet.

Itegeko rya 3: Kugereranya no gusubirira ama fizi y’umuriro (Class-T vs. ANL vs. MEGA vs. MRBF)¶

Iyo multimètre yawe yerekana 13.2V (canke 26.4V / 52.8V) ku bipimo vya bateri, ariko 0.0V ku ruhande rw’inverter rw’igikoresho cawe co gufata amafizi, fizi yawe nyamukuru yarapfutse. Fizi ifise ibipimo bibiri bihambaye: Igipimo cayo c’Inguvu zikomeza (nk’iyi 200A) na Ubushobozi bwayo bwo Guhagarika Inguvu (AIC), umuriro munini cane w’umuriro upfuye-gufi fizi ishobora kuzimya ata guturika mu nzira y’umuriro w’amazi uhoraho.

Itegeko rya 4: Kuvyura "Ipfuye" (0.0V) \(\igisomwa{LifePO}_4\) Bateri mu buryo bwo gusinzira bwa BMS¶

Iyo bateri \(\text{LiFePO}_4\) ipfuye gushika ku 0 kw'ijana y'Igihugu c'Igikoresho (nk'10.0V kuri 12V, 20.0V kuri 24V, canke 40.0V kuri 48V), Igikoresho co Gucungera Bateri (BMS) co mu mutima wayo kirafungura igikoresho cayo co gukuraho Igikoresho gikomeye. Ivyo bikoresho vy’amabateri bica bisoma 0.0 Volts (canke 1.2V gushika kuri 3.8V), kandi ibikoresho vy’izuba vy’ubwenge MPPT n’ibikoresho vy’ugushaja AC vy’ubwenge biranka gucana kuko bisaba kubona nibura 8.0V gushika kuri 9.0V ku bikoresho kugira ngo umenye ko hari bateri ihuye.

Uburyo bune bwo "Kuvyura" umuntu asinziriye \(\text{LifePO}_4\) BMS¶

Ubanze usuzume ko ubushuhe bwo mu mutima bwa bateri buri hejuru ya degre 0 Celsius (degre 32 Fahrenheit), ushireko imizigo yose yo mu nzu, hanyuma ukoreshe bumwe muri ubu buryo bune:

• Uburyo bwa 1: Porogaramu ya Bluetooth-Inguvu-Gutangura canke Gusubiramwo Ivy'Umubiri:
• Ku MPPT ya Victron SmartSolar (igihe izuba rimurikira), fungura Porogarama ya VictronConnect, uje kuri Ivyagezwe > Bateri, hanyuma ufunge n’amaboko umuriro w’izina (12V, 24V, canke 48V) aho gufunga Auto; iyo MPPT izosunika umuriro wo gushaja ku bipimo maze izivyure BMS mu masegonda 5.
• Ku mabati y'ibarabara (EG4, SOK, Pylontech, Epoch), kanda ku ruhande rw'imbere rwinjiye RESET canke SW pinhole n’igikoresho co gufata impapuro mu masegonda 3 gushika kuri 5 kugira ngo ufunge ama MOSFETs mu masegonda 30 kugira ngo charger yawe ishobore gufunga.
• Uburyo bwa 2: Gusimbuka bihuye bivuye kuri Bateri y'Imodoka (Ku bikoresho vya 12V):
• Koresha intsinga z'imodoka (canke 12V litiyumu ihinduwe "Manual Override / Boost Mode") kugira ngo uhuze Bateri y'imodoka y'amavolte 12 ifise amagara meza mu gihe kimwe (+ ku +, - ku -) ku nzira y'amabateri \(\text{LiFePO}_4\) asinziriye amasegonda 10. BMS izokwumva 12.6V, ipfunge MOSFETs zayo, maze ireke umugenzuzi wawe w’izuba canke AC charger itangure gushaja.
• Uburyo bwa 3: "Bateri y'umwotsi w'ama Volt 9 + Bateri ya 3x AA" Uburyo bwo gukangura:
• Ukeneye gusa 12.5 gushika kuri 13.5 Volts kuri 0.01 Amps mu masegonda 2 kugira ngo uvyure umurongo w’ubuhinga bwa 12V BMS. Fata bateri y'umurongo w'amavolte 9 isanzwe iva ku gikoresho cawe co kumenya umwotsi mu rutonde n'ibateri zitatu z'amavolte 1,5 AA canke AAA** (\(9\umwandiko{V} + 4.5\umwandiko{V} = 13.5\umwandiko{V}\)) hanyuma ukore kuri le $+13.5 na \(1} the\)-V \(\text{LiFePO}_4\) mu gihe amatara yawe y'izuba ari mu zuba.
• Uburyo bwa 4: Gushushanya bateri iri munsi y'ubushuhe bwa 0°C (32°F):
• Iyo bateri yawe isoma 12.8V gushika kuri 13.1V kandi igatanga amatara, ariko yanse kwemera umuriro uwo ari wo wose, BMS iri mu Uburinzi bw’umuriro w’ubushuhe buke (LTCP) munsi ya 0°C (32°F). Ntukigere ukoresha urubeya rwuguruye canke urumuri rwa propane ku gitereko c’amabateri. Teka amazi ku nkoko yawe y’ikambi, wuzuze amacupa abiri y’amazi ya Nalgene canke ibibindi vy’ama Mason bizingiwe n’igitambaro cyumye, ubishire imbere mu gasandugu k’amabateri gafise insulation iruhande y’amabateri, hanyuma ufunge igipfukisho. Mu minota 45, thermistor yo mu mutima izoduga hejuru ya +5°C (+41°F) maze yongere ishobore gucapura.

Itegeko rya 5: Ivyihutirwa 12V/24V bica ku nzira iyo inverter yawe ya AC canke umugenzuzi wa MPPT¶

1. Guca mu nzira y’inverter ya AC yapfuye kugira ngo ukoreshe imizigo y’ubuzima ku DC¶

Mu gihe c’ivyihutirwa vy’urushana, uburyo bwawe bwo kurokoka (ubushuhe, umuco, n’ivy’itumanaho) bukora ku 12-volt canke 24-volt DC:

1. Ukure inverter ya AC yapfuye yose muri banki ya bateri kugira ngo ntishobore guca mu nzira ngufi canke gukuraho amazi muri bateri.
2. Ikoresha igikoresho cawe co gushushanya imodoka canke igikoresho co gushushanya ifuru ya propane: Igikoresho co gushushanya umuyaga (Webasto, Espar, Vevor) n’igikoresho co gushushanya ifuru y’i RV bikoresha 12V DC (bikoresha 10A gushika kuri 12A mu minota 3 mu gihe c’umuyagankuba udahagarara). Ivyiza n’ibibi vy’ivyo bikoresho vy’ugushushanya bishire ku bihimba vy’amabateri vy’amashanyarazi 12V biciye ku fizi y’imodoka y’amashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi 15 canke 20.
3. Shira umugozi w’ivyihutirwa w’amatelefone, CPAP z’ubuvuzi, n’ama laptop: Shira umugozi w’ivyuma vy’itabi 12V (ufise fizi y’umuyagankuba 10A) ushire ku bikoresho vyawe vy’amabateri y’amabateri 12V kugira ngo ukoreshe **umugozi w’ugushaja w’imodoka 12V USBsC PD canke umugozi wa **CPAP0w52 kw’ijana ry’inguvu nkeyi za bateri mw’ijoro rimwe kuruta gukoresha CPAP biciye ku inverter ya AC).

2. Gucungera amaboko-ugushaja igihe umugenzuzi wawe w'ugushaja wa MPPT apfutse¶

Ntukigere ushiramwo umuriro w’izuba w’uruhererekane w’inguvu nyinshi (\(80\ivyanditswe{V}\ivyanditswe{ gushika }200\ivyanditswe{V}\)) ushize kuri bateri y’amashanyarazi 12V. Ariko rero, mu gihe c’ubuzima canke urupfu vyihutirwa n’umugenzuzi wa MPPT yapfuye, urashobora gukora Supervised Manual Pulse Charge ukoresheje igikoresho kimwe c’umuriro muto:

1. Kuvako ibikoresho vy’uruhererekane biri ku gisenge canke hasi kugira ngo ukoreshe gusa Igikoresho c’Izuba c’Umuntu ku giti ciwe gifise umuriro uhuye n’ibateri yawe (vyiza ni igikoresho kimwe c’amazina c’i 12V gifise \(V_{mp}\) hafi 18V kuri bateri ya 12V, canke igikoresho kimwe c’izuba c’amashanyarazi c’i 36V-42V).
2. Kuva ibikoresho vyose vy’ubuhinga bwa none 12V/24V ku gice ca DC fuse block mu gihe uriko urashaja kugira ngo umuriro w’ibarabara udashobora gushika ku bikoresho vyawe iyo BMS igenda.
3. Huza ibara rimwe ry’izuba na bateri biciye ku 20A canke 30A DC breaker mu gihe uriko urabona multimètre digitale ipfutse ku bice vy’ibateri. Inguvu za bateri zica zishika kuri 14.0V (ku 12V), 28.0V (ku 24V), canke 56.0V (ku 48V), uhindure n’amaboko igikoresho co guca izuba. Ntukigere usiga umuriro w’izuba udatunganijwe uhuye ata wuwucungera.

Inomero z'ivyihutirwa zo mu karere n'amategeko y'ibigo¶

Igihe umuyagankuba utari ku ruzitiro rwacitse ugatuma bateri iturika, imiti itera, canke ibikoresho bifasha ubuzima bikaba vyihutirwa, koresha iyi nzira yo mu karere:

• Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika na Canada:
• Umuriro wa Bateri, Uguhunga kw'Ubushuhe, canke Ivyihutirwa vyo Gufasha Ubuzima: Hamagara 911. Menyesha abarungika ubwo nyene nimba umuriro urimwo amabateri ya Litiyumu-Ion / \(\text{LiFePO}_4\) canke Aside y’amabuye y’agaciro / gazi y’iyidrojeni.
• Itegeko ryerekeye amashanyarazi n’ingingo ngenderwako z’umutekano hanze y’uruzitiro: Raba Itegeko ry’igihugu ryerekeye amashanyarazi (NEC) Ingingo ya 690 (Ivyuma bikoreshwa n’izuba) na Ingingo ya 706 (Ivyuma bikoreshwa mu kubika ingufu), hamwe n’**ABYC E-11 ku bijanye n’ugushiraho amashanyarazi agendagenda / E-DC/13ne
• Ikibanza co gukingiramwo ubukonje burengeje urugero / Igikoresho co gushushanya: Niba ubuhinga bwawe bwo gushushanya butakora neza mu bihe biri munsi ya zero, hamagara 211 kugira ngo ubone ahantu hafi ho gushushanya vyihutirwa.
• Ubwami bw'Ubwongereza:
• Ivyihutirwa: Hamagara 999 (Umuriro n’Ubutabazi canke Ambulance), canke 111 ku mpanuro z’ugucika kw’amashanyarazi y’ibikoresho vy’ubuvuzi bitari ivyihutirwa. Iyandikishe ku Igitabu c’Ibikorwa vy’Imbere (PSR) co mu karere kawe canke hamagara ku murongo w’ivyihutirwa w’amasaha 24 w’umuguzi w’umwuka w’umwuka wo mu nzu wa NHS.
• Ubumwe bw'Uburayi:
• Ivyihutirwa: Hamagara 112 mu bihugu vyose bigize Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Uburayi ku bijanye n’umuriro w’amabateri, uguturika kw’aside, canke gutabara abafise ubushuhe bwinshi. Kurikiza Itegeko 60364-7-712 na Itegeko 62619.
• Ostraliya na Nouvelle-Zélande:
• Ivyihutirwa: Hamagara 000 muri Australiya canke 111 muri Nouvelle-Zélande. Ivyuma bishirwa hanze y’uruzitiro bigenzurwa n’amategeko 5139** na amategeko 5033.
• Ubuhindi na Aziya-Pasifike:
• Ivyihutirwa: Hamagara 112 mu Buhindi kubera umuriro n’ubuvuzi vyihutirwa.

Urutonde rw'ibikoresho vy'umuyagankuba vyihutirwa hanze y'uruzitiro¶

Inzu yose, ubwato, canke inzu yose itari mu muyagankuba ikwiye kubika iki gikoresho co gutoranya amashanyarazi mu gihe c’ivyihutirwa imbere mu gasandugu k’umye kanditswe iruhande y’igipande nyamukuru:

• 1. Multimètre ya Digital True-RMS ifise amabateri y’inyuma: Bikenewe kugira ngo umuntu agerageze umuriro w’ibarabara n’ugukomeza kw’amafizi.
• 2. Ivyuma bibiri vy’inyuma vy’amabateri (Class-T, MRBF, canke ANL) + Ivyuma vy’inyuma vy’amabateri (10A, 15A, 20A, 30A): Gumana amafizi y’ivyuma bipfutse imbere mu kabati k’amashanyarazi.
• 3. Igikoresho co gukingira imbere y’ugushaja (25-Ohm gushika kuri 47-Ohm, igikoresho co gukingira 25-Watt): Fata ku gicapo cawe nyamukuru c’amabateri mu masegonda 8 imbere y’uko ufungura igicapo inyuma y’urugendo urwo ari rwo rwose rwa BMS.
• 4. 12V/24V Alligator-Clip-ku-Itabi-Igikoresho co Gucana Umugozi ufise Fuse y’Ibarabara 15A: Itanga ubushobozi ku gikoresho cawe co gushushanya, igikoresho co gucapura telefone, canke CPAP ya 12V ataco ihinduye ku bipimo vya bateri iyo busbar yawe canke inverter yawe ipfuye.
• 5. Insulated 10mm, 13mm, 14mm, na 17mm Box Wrenches zizingiwe mu bipande 3 vy’umugozi w’umuyagankuba: Bikingira impanuka guca ku nzira y’umuyagankuba.

Ibibazo bikunda kubazwa¶

Ni kuki ntegerezwa kwama nca amatara y’izuba imbere y’uko nca banki y’amabateri ku gikoresho canje co gucungera umuriro?¶

Igikoresho co kugenzura umuriro w’izuba ca MPPT gikoresha banki y’amabateri ifatanye nk’ikimenyetso c’umuriro waco be n’igikoresho co gukingira umuyagankuba kugira ngo kinywe umuriro uca mu bikoresho vyaco vy’imbere bigenda bimanuka. Iyo ucitse bateri mu gihe amatara y’izuba akiriko arasunika ubushobozi mu gikoresho co kugenzura, ukubura umuzigo mu buryo butunguranye bituma haba ugutera kw’umuriro ushobora gutera umuriro w’imbere mu gikoresho co kugenzura maze ukarungika amavolte 50 gushika ku 150 mu bikoresho vyose vy’amavolte 12 bikiriko birakoreshwa.

Ni kuki BMS yanje ya bateri ya litiyumu itera intambwe mu gukingira umuriro muto igihe cose ngerageje gucana umuyagankuba wanje w’inverter?¶

Inverters nini z’umuvuduko wa sine zisukuye zirimwo ama capacitors menshi cane yo mu mutima DC ashobora gusohoka gushika ku zero volts iyo ataco akora. Iyo uhinduye umuriro wa bateri, izo capacitors zitagira ikintu zikora nk’umuriro mutoyi w’ubushobozi bwa 0-ohm mu masegonda 20 ya mbere, zigatuma umuriro w’inrush w’ampere 1.000 gushika ku 3.000 utuma bateri ya litiyumu igira uburinzi bw’umuriro mutoyi. Kugira ngo ivyo ubikingire, fata umuyagankuba w’amaohm 10 gushika kuri 50, umuyagankuba w’imodoka w’amavolte 12, canke amahembe abiri y’umuyagankuba w’umuyagankuba w’ishimikiro udakoresheje ubuhinga bwa none, ujabuke ku bice vy’umuyagankuba vyuguruye mu masegonda 8 kugira ngo ushire umuriro imbere y’uko uhindukiza umuyagankuba ufunze.

Novyura gute bateri LiFePO4 isoma 0.0 volts ku multimètre kandi chargeur yanje y’ubwenge yanse kuyimenya?¶

Iyo bateri ya LiFePO4 ipfuye gushika ku rugero rwayo rwo guhagarika umuriro muto, BMS yayo yo mu mutima irafungura umuyagankuba wayo w’umuriro ukomeye kugira ngo ama terminal asome 0 volts, ivyo bikaba bibuza abagenzuzi b’izuba b’ubwenge n’abashaja ba AC kumenya ko bateri ifashe. Ubanze ugenzure ko bateri isusurutse kuruta degre 0 Celsius (32 degrees Fahrenheit), ushireko imizigo yose, hanyuma ukoreshe umuvuduko mutoyi w’amavolte 12,6 gushika kuri 13,6 ku bipimo vy’amasegonda 5 gushika ku 10, ukoresheje imigozi y’ugusimbuka ivuye kuri bateri y’imodoka, gukoresha inguvu mu gukoresha Bluetooth y'umugenzuzi wawe w'izuba.

Ni kuki umugenzuzi wanje w’amashanyarazi wa MPPT yateye ikosa rya PV Over-Voltage mu gitondo c’urushana rwo mu gihe c’ubukonje kandi yariko irakora neza mu ci cose?¶

Ivyo bikoresho bikoresha umuyagankuba w’izuba birongereza umuriro wavyo ($V_{oc}$) n’ibice nka 0,30 gushika ku bice 0,35 kw’ijana ku degre yose y’ubushuhe bugabanuka munsi ya degre +25 z’ubushuhe (+77 degre Fahrenheit). Mu gitondo c’urushana, izuba ryinshi ry’ubushuhe bwa -25 degrees Celsius (-13 degrees Fahrenheit), uruzitiro rw’ibipande rutanga umuriro uruta 16 gushika ku 18 kw’ijana ku rugero rw’urupapuro rwavyo rw’amakuru, ivyo bikaba bishobora gutuma umuriro w’icuma w’amavolte 135 urenga igisenge c’umuyagankuba w’amavolte 150. Zima PV breaker ubwo nyene maze mu gihe gito unyure ku ruhande rumwe rw’urudodo mu gihe c’imbeho nyinshi cane.

Noshobora gusubirira fizi ya Class-T yapfuye iri ku banki ya bateri ya litiyumu n’iyindi fizi y’imodoka ANL canke MEGA ihendutse?¶

Igikoresho kinini c’amabateri citwa LiFePO4 gifise ubushobozi buke cane bwo guhangana n’imbere kandi gishobora gutanga ama ampere 5.000 gushika ku 10.000 mu nzira ipfuye. Ivyuma vy’umuriro vy’umugwi wa T vyuzuye umusenyi w’ivyuma bishobora guhagarika umuriro w’amashanyarazi 20.000, mu gihe ivyuma vy’imodoka vy’amavolte 32 vy’amashanyarazi vyitwa MEGA be n’ivyuma vy’amashanyarazi vy’ubwoko bwa ANL bitagira izina bifise ubushobozi bwo gucagura (2.000 amperes) canke plasma burstain a dead short irashika cane cane ku bikoresho vy’amavolte 24 canke 48.

Ni kubera iki ari akaga gushaja bateri y’icuma ca litiyumu (LiFePO4) iri munsi y’ubukonje, mbere n’aho yoba iriko iratemba buhoro buhoro?¶

Iyo amazi y’umuyagankuba ari mu gice ca LiFePO4 amanutse munsi ya degre 0 Celsius (degre 32 Fahrenheit), ions za litiyumu ntizishobora kwinjira (gunyerera) ningoga bihagije mu bice bitobito vy’anode ya graphite mu gihe co gucapura. Ahubwo, amasahani y’ivyuma yitwa litiyumu araguma ku ruhande rw’ico gikoresho, agasenyura ubushobozi bwa bateri maze akakura inshinge z’ivyuma zitoya cane (dendrites) zishobora gutobora uruzitiro rw’imbere rwo gutandukanya ibintu maze zigatuma umuriro w’imbere ugira umuriro mutoyi. Imisi yose ushuhuze bateri ya litiyumu ikonje hejuru ya degre 5 (degre 41 Fahrenheit) imbere y’uko uyishaja.

Inyobora zifitaniye isano¶

• Izuba, amazi n'imyanda bitari mu nzira
• Ubuzima bw'imodoka n'aho kuba mu modoka vyihutirwa
• Amashanyarazi arazima ku bikoresho bikoresha umwuka w’ikirere, ibikoresho bikoresha umwuka w’ikirere, be n’ibikoresho bikoresha CPAP
• Ihema n'ibitambaro vyo gushusha: gukingira umuriro w'ihema n'umuyagankuba

Amasoko n'ubuyobozi buzwi¶

• Ishirahamwe ry’igihugu ryitaho umuriro (NFPA): Itegeko ry’igihugu ryerekeye amashanyarazi (NEC / NFPA 70) Ingingo ya 690 (Ivyuma bikoreshwa n’izuba) n’ingingo ya 706 (Ivyuma bikoreshwa mu kubika inguvu).
• Inama y’Ubwato n’Ubwato y’Abanyamerika (ABYC): Itegeko E-11 (Ivyuma vy’Amashanyarazi AC na DC ku Ubwato) n’Itegeko E-13 (Amabateri ya Lithium-Ion: Ibisabwa kugira ngo Ukingirwe n’Ubushobozi bwo Guhagarika Amashanyarazi).
• Igisata c’Inguvu ca Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika (DOE) n’Ikigo c’Igihugu c’Inguvu Zishobora Gusubirwamwo (NREL): Ingingo ngenderwako z’Ivy’Inguvu z’Ingufu zishobora Gusubirwamwo.
• Komisiyo Mpuzamakungu y’Ivy’Ubuhinga bw’Amashanyarazi (IEC) n’Ivyagezwe Australiya: IEC 62619 (Ibisabwa kugira ngo umuntu agire umutekano ku bikoresho vy’amashanyarazi n’amabateri) na AS/NZS 5139 (Umutekano wo gushiramwo amabateri).