Igihe kirekire c’ubukonje buri munsi ya zero, kuragira kw’urubura (Dzud), n’ukwigungira ukwawe mu gihe c’urushana mu misozi¶

Igihe kirekire c’ubukonje buri munsi y’ubukonje bufatanijwe n’urubura rudashobora guca hejuru y’urubura (ruzwi kw’isi yose n’ijambo ry’ivyago ry’ikimongoliya dzud, no muri Amerika ya ruguru no muri Eurasia yo mu buraruko nk’urushana rw’urubura canke ikiza c’urubura rudashobora guca mu karere k’urubura) ni ikintu gikomeye c’indwi nyinshi c’ubushuhe buke cane aho ubushuhe buri munsi y’ubukonje buringaniye. (-22 degrés Fahrenheit) gushika kuri -45 degrés Celsius (-49 degrés Fahrenheit) inyuma y’imvura ku rubura, hagati mu rushana inzinguzingu z’ugushonga no gusubira gukonja, canke urubura rwinshi ruhamba ibibanza vyo mu misozi. Mu buryo butandukanye n’igihuhusi gitoyi, igihe kirekire co gufunga mu karere ka Arctique kiratuma uburyo bwo gushushanya n’ugutwara abantu mu misozi budakora neza: propane y’amazi ihagarika guhinduka umwuka imbere mu bidengeri vyo hanze ku -42 degrees Celsius (-44 degrees Fahrenheit), amavuta ya dizeli atavuwe n’amavuta akomeye y’ubushuhe, bica bihinduka ibidashobora guca munsi y’urubura rwo mu bwoko bwa glaze, kandi ibidengeri vy’ibikoko vyuguruye birakonja bifise uburebure burenga metero 1 (amafuti 3,3). Iyo habaye ikibazo c’ubuvuzi canke c’ubushuhe mu gihe co kwitandukanya n’abandi mu ntara, hamagara inomero y’ivyihutirwa yo mu karere kawe (911 muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika na Kanada, 112 mu Bumwe bw’Uburayi bwose, 999 mu Bwongereza) canke urabe urutonde rwacu rw’ibintu vyihutirwa . inomero z'ivyihutirwa. Ku bijanye no kwitaho ubukonje bukomeye, soma umuvuduko w'amazi, ikiza ca arctique, n'umuyaga w'ubukonje, gusubiramwo ibihuhusi vyo mu rushana n'ibihuhusi, kandi witegurire gutakaza ukuboneka n’ . inkubi y’umuyaga yo hasi, urubura rwo hasi, n’imirongo y’umutekano.

Ivyo ubikore ubu¶

1. Gushiramwo abantu bose baba mu rugo mu cumba kimwe gikingiwe n’amazi kiraba mu Bumanuko maze ugenzure ibikoresho bipima umwuka w’ikirere. Iyo ubushuhe bwo hanze buguma munsi ya degre -35 Celsius (-31 degrees Fahrenheit) mu kiringo c’amayinga menshi, gushusha inzu yose y’itongo biraheza vuba amavuta y’ibinyabiziga. Manika ibitambaro vy’ubwoya biremerera canke ibitambaro vy’ubwoya ku miryango kugira ngo ukingire ivyumba bitakoreshwa, ushire hasi ibikoresho bigabanya ubushuhe mu mababa asohotse amazi, wongere ugerageze inkengeri zikoreshwa na bateri zikoreshwa n’umuyagankuba imbere y’uko ucana igikoresho ico ari co cose co gushushanya inkwi, amakara canke amavuta ya kerosene.
2. Izingire imibiri y’itangi ry’amavuta y’ibinyabiziga ry’amavuta y’ibinyabiziga ry’inyuma maze uzingire amavuta y’ibitoro y’ibinyabiziga imbere y’uko ubushuhe bushika kuri -35 degre Celsius (-31 degre Fahrenheit). Propane y’amazi ihagarika guteka ikaba gazi ikoreshwa ku -42 degre Celsius (-44 degre Fahrenheit), kandi umuvuduko w’itangi ugabanuka cane ku degre -31 za Celsius. Celsius (-31 degrés Fahrenheit) iyo itangi ryuzuye munsi ya 30 kw’ijana. Ushire urubura ku nzira y’umuyagankuba, ushire urubura rwo gukingira amazi ku mpande zo hasi z’itangi (canke ukoreshe uburengeti bwo gushushanya itangi rya propane riri ku rutonde rwa UL), kandi ntukigere ukoresha urubeya rwuguruye canke amazi ashushe ku itangi canke ku murongo wa gaze.
3. Fura amataratara yose ya dizeli, amakamyo, amageneratore, n'ibidengeri vy'amavuta yo gushusha hanze n'umuti wo gukingira ubukonje n'umuti #1 wo mu rushana. Igihe amabuye y'agaciro ya parafine amaze gusohoka muri #2 ya dizeli ("igicu" kiri hafi y'ibipimo -9 vy'ubukonje n'ubushuhe bwa -15 degre 0), ivyongera mu vyo kwirinda ntibishobora gusubira gusenya iyo nkoko. Gumana amayunguruzo y’amavuta y’ibinyabiziga n’ibikoresho vyo gusubiramwo amazi mu nzu yawe ishushe kugira ngo ukureho akayunguruzo ka traktere kapfutse mu gihe c’ivyihutirwa vyo kugaburira amatungo.
4. Gushire umurongo w’umutekano uhoraho w’imilimetero 10 (0.375-inch) hagati y’umuryango w’inzu, ububiko bw’inkwi, itangi ry’amavuta, n’ikigega. Uburyo bw’umuyaga mwinshi bumara igihe kirekire bwo mu karere ka Arctique butera ibihuhusi vy’umuyaga bitunguranye vyo hasi n’imiyaga y’amazi y’ijoro. Ntukigere ugenda mu kigega canke mu kinogo c’ibifungurwa ku bushuhe bwa -40 degre Celsius (-40 degre Fahrenheit) ata mugozi udahinduka, amataratara yo gukina ski, balaclava, n’igihe co kwinjira uri kumwe n’umuntu ari mu nzu.
5. Gumena no guca umuriro mu myobo y’amazi y’inzoga y’amatungo incuro zibiri ku musi ukoresheje ibipfukisho vy’amazi bica ku nkengera y’ikiyaga kandi bifise insulation. Amatungo apfa kubera ukubura amazi n’indwara y’ibicurane imisi imbere y’inzara mu gihe c’ubukonje bw’urubura kubera ko kurya ivyatsi vyumye ata mazi y’amazi bitera ububabare bw’umubiri. Ntukigere ureka ibikoko bikagenda ku kiziga gikonje kugira ngo binywe mu mwobo uri hagati; n’uce ibinogo vy’amazi canke ibinogo vy’inkengera vy’uruzitiro bivuye ku birenge bikomeye vyo ku nkengera y’ikiyaga maze ushiremwo ibice vyose vy’urubura vyaciwe imbere y’uko ico kinogo gisubira gukonja.
6. Gucagura ibipande vy’urubura vy’amabarabara mu matongo y’uburagiriro y’urushana maze ushire imikuku mu kibanza co gukingira umuyaga. Igihe imvura y’ubukonje canke inzinguzingu y’ubukonje buva ku masentimetero 2 gushika kuri 5 (0,8-kugeza kuri 2-inch) y’urubura hejuru y’urubura, amafarasi, inka, intama zica mu bipande vyazo, n’ibindi bikoko. Gufunga ibikoko inyuma y’uruzitiro rwo gukingira umuyaga rufise uburemere bw’ibice 20 kw’ijana, kugaburira ubwatsi bufise amashami maremare mu gicugu kugira ngo ubushuhe bwo gutumba bushike ku rwego rwo hejuru mu gicugu, no gutera ubutaka bukonje bufise amasentimetero 30 (inci 12) y’ivyatsi vyumye.

Igiti c'ingingo: kwitandukanya n'abandi mu misozi n'ugutoranya amatungo¶

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Gutahura ivy’ikirere n’ivy’ubuhinga bwa fizike vy’i dzud n’ugufunga igihe kirekire munsi ya zero¶

Mu bihugu bifise ikirere gishushe, ibihuhusi vyo mu rushana bikunda kumara imisi imwe canke itatu imbere y’uko umuyaga ususurutse ugarukana ubushuhe busanzwe. Mu bice vy’imbere mu gihugu, mu biyaya vy’amatongo vy’uburebure burebure, mu bibanza vy’imisozi iri hagati y’imisozi, no mu biyaya vy’amabuye y’agaciro (nka Mongoliya, Kazakhstan, Siberiya, ibiyaya vy’amashamba vyo muri Kanada, imbere muri Alaska, ibiyaya binini vyo mu buraruko bwa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, no mu biyaya vy’amabuye vy’i Scandinavie), lockcyrctic High can canke dome umuyaga ukaze imbere mu binogo vy’amazi imisi 30 gushika ku 90 ikurikiranye.

Iyo iyo mbeho iramba ikurikije urutonde rw’ibihe vyihariye, abahinga mu vy’imitererere n’ibigo vy’ivyago vy’uburimyi barashira mu migwi ivyo bintu bakoresheje ubuhinga mpuzamakungu dzud typology bwemewe n’ishirahamwe mpuzamakungu ryitaho ivy’imitererere (WMO) be n’ishirahamwe ry’ibifungurwa n’uburimyi (FAO) ry’ishirahamwe ry’ibihugu vy’ubumwe bw’Uburayi:

Gukingira no gutorera umuti ikibazo c'amavuta y'ibinyabiziga: propane, amavuta yo gushusha, na dizeli¶

Igihe giteye akaga kuruta ibindi vyose ku muryango wo mu ntara y’i burasirazuba uri ukwawo mu gihe c’ubushuhe bwa -40 degrees Celsius (-40 degrees Fahrenheit) ni igihe ifuru yo hagati canke umuyagankuba w’inyuma upfuye bukwi na bukwi, atari kubera ko itangi ry’amavuta riri ubusa, ariko kubera ko amavuta yashitse ku rugero rwayo rw’umubiri.

1. Igipfukisho c'umwotsi w'itangi rya propane (LPG) ku bushuhe bwa -42 degre Celsius (-44 degre Fahrenheit)¶

Gazi y’amazi (propane HD-5 y’ubudandaji) yicara imbere mu gitereko c’icuma co hanze nk’amazi atemba munsi y’umwotsi wa gazi ufise umukazo. Iyo ifuru yo mu nzu ifunguye, irakura umwotsi hejuru; iyo nzira y’ugutemba kw’inguvu ituma iyo propane iri hasi iteka maze igasubira kwuzuza umwotsi. - Igihome c’ubushuhe bwa -42,2 degre Celsius (-44 degre Fahrenheit): Ku muvuduko w’ikirere, propane y’amazi iteka ku bushuhe bwa -42,2 degre Celsius (-44 degre Fahrenheit). Ku degre 21 z’ubushuhe (degre 70 z’ubushuhe), umuvuduko wo mu tanki ni nk’ibilo 860 (125 psi)**; ku -18 degre Celsius (0 degre Fahrenheit), igabanuka ikaja ku ibilopaskali 193 (28 psi); ku -35 degre Celsius (-31 degre Fahrenheit), igashika ku 55 kilopascals (8 psi), bikaba bihagije gusa kugira ngo umuntu akoreshe umugenzuzi w’inzira zibiri; kandi ku -42,2 degre Celsius (-44 degre Fahrenheit), umuvuduko w’igipimo utera 0 kilopascals (0 psi) rero gazi zero iratemba naho itangi ryoba ryuzuye 80 kw’ijana. - Autorefrigeration mu bidengeri biri hasi: Propane y’amazi itetse inywa ubushuhe bwihishije biciye mu bihome vy’icuma vy’itangi. Iyo itangi ryuzuye munsi y’ibice 25 kw’ijana, hariho ahantu h’icuma hatose hato cane kugira ngo haboneke ubushuhe bwo hanze, ivyo bikaba bituma amazi asigaye akonjera munsi ya degre -42 z’ubushuhe (-44 degre Fahrenheit) mbere n’igihe umuyaga wo hanze woba uri -30 degre Celsius (-22 degre Fahren).

Intambwe ku yindi ibikorwa vyihutirwa vyo kugarura uruja n’uruza rwa propane:¶

1. Gabanira umuzigo w’uguhinduka umwotsi wa BTU: Zima ibikoresho vya gaze ya kabiri (ibikoresho vy’ugushusha amazi, ivy’ukwumisha, ivy’ugushusha amazi mu garage) hanyuma ukoreshe igishushanyo kimwe gusa c’intango ku gihe.
2. Bank clean snow irya n’ino y’umubiri wo hasi w’itangi: Guteranya urubura rudakomeye irya n’ino y’impande zo hasi z’itangi bikingira icuma gukonja mw’ijoro n’imishwarara. Ntukigere uhamba dome, shutoff valve, canke regulator munsi y’urubura, kandi ugumize umuyaga w’umurongo w’impwemu ureba hasi usukuwe n’urubura.
3. Fungura neza igikoresho co gucungera umuriro: Zingira igikoresho co gucungera umuriro mu gitambaro hanyuma usukeko amazi asusurutse yo mu ruzi (degre 40 gushika kuri 104 gushika kuri degre 122 za Fahrenheit), canke ukoreshe igitambaro co gushushanya itangi rya propane kiri ku rutonde rwa UL. Ntukigere ukoresha itara ry’umuriro canke urubeya rwuguruye.

2. Dizeli na #2 amavuta yo gushusha parafine¶

Dizeli #2 n’amavuta yo gushusha mu nzu #2 arimwo ivyuma vyitwa parafine bihinduka amabuye y’agaciro iyo bikonje. Ku Igicu (-9 gushika kuri -12 degrés Celsius [15 gushika kuri 10 degrés Fahrenheit]), amabuye y’agaciro y’ibishashara arahindura igicu c’amavuta y’ibinyabiziga maze agaca apfuka ibintu vy’iyunguruzo ry’impapuro; ku Gel Point (-15 gushika kuri -18 degre Celsius [5 gushika kuri 0 degre Fahrenheit]), amavuta #2 atavuwe arakomera imbere mu mirongo y’umuringa.

Intambwe ku yindi y'ibikorwa vyihutirwa vy'amavuta y'ibinyabiziga:¶

1. Ukwirinda gukingira urushana imbere y’uko ubukonje bukonja: Vanga #1 Dizeli canke #1 Kerosene (K-1) mu binogo vy’amavuta #2 vyo hanze (umuvango 50/50 umanuka gushika ku bushuhe bwa -35 degre Celsius [-31 degrees de Fahrenheit], na kerosene 100 kw’ijana gushika ku bushuhe bwa degre C-142. degre za Fahrenheit]). Wongeremwo Igikoresho co gutuma umuyaga ugenda neza (Anti-Gel) mu gihe amavuta y’ibinyabiziga acari asusurutse kuruta -5 degrés Celsius (23 degrés Fahrenheit).
2. Gukuraho ivyuma vyihutirwa ku bushuhe bwa -40 degre Celsius (-40 degrés Fahrenheit): Ntukigere ukoresha moteri ya dizeli ikoresheje gel incuro nyinshi. Subirizaho akayunguruzo k’amavuta y’ibinyabiziga n’akayunguruzo k’inyuma gashushe kuzuye hagati 50 kw’ijana #1 ya kerosene na 50 kw’ijana ya Diesel Wax Re-Liquefier, usuke amavuta y’ibishashara n’amavuta ya kerosene asusurutse #1 mu gitereko, hanyuma ushire ihema mu nzu y’akayunguruzo n’igitambaro co gupfuka canke c’umuyagankuba.

Amatungo ashobora kurokoka mu gihe ca dzud: ingaburo, gukingira umuyaga, no guca amazi¶

Mu gihe c’ibintu bimara igihe kirekire bishika munsi ya zero be n’ibisigazwa vy’urubura, amatungo arapfa iyo umuyaga ubukonje bushushe vyihuta kuruta uko umutsi wavyo wo gufata ibiribwa ushobora gutuma ibifungurwa bimera, canke iyo ukubura amazi y’amazi bihagarika gutuma ibifungurwa vy’umubiri bimera.

1. Gugabanya ubushuhe bukomeye (LCT) n’ugufungura¶

Inka canke ifarasi ikuze ifise impuzu y’urushana yumye igira Ubushuhe burengeye (LCT) bwa -7 gushika kuri -13 degre Celsius (19 gushika kuri degre 9 Fahrenheit) (buduga gushika kuri +15 degre Celsius [59 degre Fahrenheit ni we] iyo co heat). 1. Itegeko ry’Ivyatsi vy’Ivyatsi 1 kw’Ijana ku Degre: Wongere inguvu zishobora gusimburwa n’1 kw’ijana ku degre 1 yose y’ubukonje bw’umuyaga bumanuka munsi ya LCT y’igikoko. Ku bushuhe bwa -40 degre Celsius (-40 degre Fahrenheit), inka zumye zikenera 30 kw’ijana vy’inguvu z’ibifungurwa ku musi. 2. Gaburira ubwatsi bufise uruti rurerure, atari ivyatsi vy’intete bitunguranye: Inyamaswa zirya n’amafarasi zitanga ubushuhe bw’umubiri biciye mu ugutumba kw’imigera y’insinga za cellulose (ivyatsi). Gutera kabiri intete zidatetse bitera indwara y’acidose lactique n’uguvyimba; ahubwo, ushireho ivyatsi vy’uguhitamwo ku buntu n’ivyatsi vy’ivyatsi vy’ivyatsi vy’ivyatsi. 3. Gaburira ifunguro ry’ivyatsi riremereye cane hagati ya 16:00 na 18:00: Ubushuhe bwo gutuma uruzitiro rumera bushika ku rwego rwo hejuru amasaha 4 gushika ku 8 inyuma yo kurya, bihuye n’isonga ry’ubushuhe bwo mu mutima n’amasaha akanye cane kuva mu gicugu gushika mu gatondo.

2. Amabwirizwa yo kuvomera amatungo ataco akora¶

Ntukigere wemera ko inka canke amafarasi yirundanira ku kidengeri gikonje gikikuje umwobo uri hagati, ivyo bikaba bica ibice vy’urubura maze bigatuma abantu benshi baroha. 1. Uzingire ibidengeri vyakonje kandi uce ibibanza vyo ku nkengera y’ikiyaga gusa aho ibinono biruhukira ku mfuruka y’amabuye akomeye, ukoresheje inkoni kugira ngo ibikoko 2 canke 3 ntibishobore gushika aho bishika. 2. Ushire ivu ry’inkwi, umusenyi, canke ivyatsi vy’umwanda hakurya y’inzira y’urubura kugira ngo ibikoko ntibinyerere ngo bigabanye igihimba c’irondoka cavyo. 3. Skim ibice vyose vy’urubura bicitse mu mwobo ubwo nyene kugira ngo urubura ntirutere imbuto y’ugukonja ningoga, kandi ufunge 80 kw’ijana vy’umwobo n’igipfukisho c’ibiti gikingira.

3. Ivyuma bikingira umuyaga n’ivyo gukingira abana bavutse vuba¶

Ubaze ibikingira umuyaga bifise 20 kw’ijana vy’ibihengeri (imbaho ​​z’amasentimetero 15 zifise ibihengeri vy’amasentimetero 1,5) kugira ngo umuvuduko w’umuyaga ugabanuke n’ibice 75 kw’ijana mu karere k’umuyaga incuro 10 z’uburebure bw’uruzitiro ata gutera urubura rwiwe ku mfuruka y’urubura. Igitanda gikonjeshejwe hasi n’ivyatsi vyumye bifise uburebure bwa sentimetero 30 kugira ngo ntihagire ubukonje bw’amabere y’inka n’ubukonje bw’amabere y’inka, kandi bushire inyana ziherutse kuvuka mu nzu imbere y’uko uzigaburira ubushuhe (ubushuhe bwa degre 38 Celsius n’ubushuhe bwa degre 100 za Fahrenheit).

4. Gukingira ibikoresho bishobora gusenyuka no guca umurongo w’amazi ku bushuhe bwa -40 degre Celsius (-40 degre Fahrenheit)¶

Igihe ugaburira imikuku ukoresheje igikoresho co gutwara imbere canke ukuraho inzira zo gushika mu murima mu gihe c’ubukonje bukomeye, ibihimba vy’ubuhinga n’ivy’amazi bica bimenagurika: - Ivyerekeye gushushanya amazi: Ku bushuhe bwa -40 degrés Celsius (-40 degrés Fahrenheit), amazi akanye arafise uburemere bw’amazi akanye. Gukoresha amaboko y’ivyuma bikoresha amazi canke ivyuma bikoresha umuyagankuba ubwo nyene umaze gutangura traktere, bica bituma ipompo y’amazi igira umwobo maze igafuha amazi y’imipira afise umuvuduko munini. Reka tracteur ikore ku 1.000 gushika ku 1.200 RPM mu minota 15 gushika ku 20 hanyuma uzunguruke buhoro buhoro ku nzira y’amazi ata muzigo kugira ngo izunguruke amazi asusurutse imbere yo guterura imizigo y’ivyatsi iremereye izunguruka. - Ivyuma bifise carbone nyinshi bishobora gusenyuka: Munsi ya degre -30 za Celsius (-22 degrees Fahrenheit), amapine y’icuma gifise carbone, iminyororo y’ibiti, n’amacumu y’ibikoresho vy’ugutwara ibintu biratakaza ubukomezi bw’ugukomera (uguhinduka kuva ku gukomera gushika ku gusenyuka). Ntukigere utera umunyororo wo gukurura imodoka ukanye canke ngo utere icumu riremereye ry’umugozi ku butaka bukonje, kuko ico cuma gishobora guca nk’icuma gicuzwe maze kigatera ibice vy’ivyuma bigana mu nzu y’indege.

Kurokoka indwi nyinshi umuntu yitandukanije n'abandi mu nzu yo mu misozi iri munsi ya zero¶

Iyo amabarabara yo mu misozi apfutse munsi ya metero 2 (amafuti 6,5) y’urubura rwakozwe n’umuyaga kandi ubushuhe bukaba buri ku bipimo vya -40 degrees Celsius (-40 degrees Fahrenheit), abajejwe ivy’ubutabazi, amakamyo atwara amavuta y’ibinyabiziga, n’abakozi bo gusanura amazi n’amazi boshobora kutashika mu mihana iri kure cane mu kiringo c’indwi zibiri.

1. Guhingura ikirere gitoyi co mu nzu ("Icumba-Mu-Cumba")¶

Iyo ubuhinga bwawe bwo gushushanya bwananiwe canke amavuta y’ibinyabiziga agabanutse akaja munsi ya 25 kw’ijana: 1. Hitamwo icumba kimwe gitoyi co mu nzu (canke icumba gitoyi gifise icumba c’inkwi cemewe) kiri mw’igorofa ry’imbere kure y’uruhome rwo mu muyaga. 2. Ushire ibipfukisho vy’ibikombe canke imisumari ku madirisha yo hanze maze umanike ibipande bibiri vy’ibitambaro vy’ubwoya, imifuko yo kuryamako, canke ibipfukisho vy’ibibumbano hejuru y’ibirahuri, ukingire imirongo yo hasi ku ruhande rw’idirisha kugira ngo umuyaga uhagarare. 3. Shinga ihema ryo gukambika ry’ibihe 3 canke 4 hejuru y’umusego munini canke ikirundo c’amatapi imbere muri ico cumba. Abantu bane baryamye mw’ihema ritoyi ry’ibara ry’agahama ryubatswe mu cumba kitashushe, barashobora kuguma bafise umuyaga uri mw’ihema ku +12 degrees Celsius gushika kuri +18 degrés Celsius (54 degrees Fahrenheit gushika kuri 64 degrees Fahrenheit) bakoresheje ubushuhe bwo mu mubiri bwonyene, evens

2. Gukura amazi mu matiyo vs kuguma amatiyo ari mazima¶

Ku bushuhe bwa -40 degrees Celsius (-40 degrees Fahrenheit), imiyoboro y’amazi atashushe iri mu bihome vyo hanze irakonja maze igaturika mu masaha 2 gushika kuri 4, inzu igasesagura urubura iyo ipfutse. - Nimba ukiri n’ubushuhe n’ububasha/umuvuduko w’amazi: Fungurira inzugi z’ibikoresho vyo mu gikoni no mu bwogero munsi y’ibikoresho vyo gukaraba kugira ngo umuyaga wo mu cumba ushushe ushikire amatiyo yo mu ruhome, maze ureke amazi ashushe n’akanye atose ku ruzi rudahinduka uruzi rw’amabuye y’agaciro (amazi agendagenda atwara ubushuhe buva hasi cane). - Iyo ubushuhe bwawe bupfuye burundu: Ntutegereze ko amatiyo aturika. Zima umupfunda w’amazi yo mu nzu nini munsi y’umurongo w’urubura (canke uzime umuvuduko w’ipompa y’iriba), fungura uruzitiro rwose ruri hejuru n’urwo hasi kugira ngo umwuka winjire, ushire amazi mu gipfukisho co hasi cane co mu nzu yo hasi, ushire amazi mu gitereko c’amazi ashushe, ushire amazi mu bwiherero bwose kugira ngo ushire amazi mu gitereko c’amazi propxirno antifreeze** mu mitego yose yo mu gikarabiro P, mu gitereko c’amazi co mu bwogero, no mu gitereko c’amazi co mu bwiherero kugira ngo amazi ahagaze mu mitego ntasaduke ivyuma canke ivyuma vy’ivyuma. Ku bijanye n’uburyo bwo gusubiza amatiyo mu buryo bushitse, raba ivyacu imiyoboro yakonje y'ivyihutirwa kandi nta bushuhe mu rushana.

Inomero z'ivyihutirwa zo mu karere n'amategeko y'ibigo¶

Mu gihe c’ivyago vy’uburimyi n’uburimyi, bwira abajejwe ivy’ubuvuzi vyihutirwa be n’ikigo c’igihugu c’uburimyi canke c’uburinzi:

• Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika: Hamagara 911 ku bibazo vyihutirwa vy’ubuvuzi canke vy’ubuzima. Ku bijanye n’imfashanyo y’ibifungurwa vyihutirwa vy’amatungo n’amatangazo y’ivyago, bwira intara yawe Ikigo kijejwe gucungera ibiza (EMA) na Ikigo c’Ibikorwa vy’Itongo ca USDA (FSA) (kijejwe Porogarama y’Indezo y’Ibitungwa n’Ifashanyo y’Ivyihutirwa ku Bitungwa). Monitor Ikigo c'igihugu kijejwe ivy'imihindagurikire y'ikirere (NWS) Imburi z'ubukonje bukaze (weather.gov).
• Canada: Hamagara 911 kugira ngo ubone abapolisi, abazimya umuriro, n’abaganga bo gutabara. Gukurikirana Ibidukikije n’Ihinduka ry’Ikirere Canada (ECCC) Imburi z’Imbeho Ikaze. Amakomine yo mu misozi n’ama Minisiteri y’uburimyi yo mu ntara ni yo ahuza ibikorwa vyo gutwara ibifungurwa vy’urushana vyihutirwa be n’ugushira imbere ibikoresho vyo gutera urubura kugira ngo bishikirizwe ubuvuzi n’amavuta.
• Ubwongereza: Hamagara 999 canke 112 ku bibazo vyihutirwa, canke 105 kugira ngo umenyeshe ko amashanyarazi yacitse (ingo zo mu misozi zishobora gushikirwa n’ingorane zishobora kwiyandikisha ku Igitabo c’Ibikorwa vy’Imbere). Mu gihe c’urubura rwo mu misozi, Defra, Leta ya Ekose, n’Ishirahamwe ry’Igihugu ry’Abarimyi (NFU) ni bo bahuza ivy’uguronka ibifungurwa vyihutirwa.
• Ubumwe bw'Uburaya n'ibihugu vyo mu Burengero: Hamagara 112 mu bihugu vyose bigize Ubumwe bw'Uburayi, Norvege, na Islande. Muri Suède (MSB), muri Finilande (Pelastustoimi), muri Norvege (DSB), no muri Islande (Almannavarnir), abajejwe gukingira abanyagihugu barahuza ibikorwa vyo gukura abantu mu bibanza vy’ubuvuzi bikoresheje imodoka zikoreshwa n’urubura be n’ugutanga amavuta yo gushushanya mu buryo bwihutirwa.
• Mongoliya, Aziya yo hagati, na Aziya-Pasifike: Muri Mongoliya, hamagara 101 / 105 ku Ikigo c’Igihugu co Gucungera Ivyihutirwa (NEMA), gihuza inyishu z’igihugu dzud, ububiko bw’uburagiriro bw’urushana, n’ugutanga ibifungurwa vy’ibikoko Umusaraba Mutukura / FAO. Mu Bushinwa, hamagara kuri 110 / 119 / 120; mu Buyapani, hamagara 119; muri Australiya na Nouvelle-Zélande, hamagara 000 (Ostraliya) canke 111 (Nouvelle-Zélande) maze uhuze ivy’imibereho myiza y’ibitungwa vyo mu bihugu vy’imbere biciye ku Federated Farmers NZ canke Ibisata vy’Inganda z’Ibanze vya Leta.

Ibibazo bikunda kubazwa¶

Ni kubera iki -40 degre Celsius zingana na -40 degre Fahrenheit, kandi ni kubera iki ubuhinga bw’ubuhinga bushobora kunanirwa muri ico gihe?¶

Ubushuhe bwa Celsius na Fahrenheit burahurira ku -40 degrees kubera uburyo bwo guhindura umurongo. Uretse iyo mibare, -40 degrees ni urugero rw’ugusenyuka kw’umubiri ku bikorwa remezo vyo mu ntara: propane y’ubudandaji HD-5 ishika ku ntumbero yayo yo guteka mu kirere ku -42,2 degrees Celsius (-44 degrees Fahrenheit) kandi igatakaza umuvuduko w’itangi, nitrile transhydro n’imipira y’imipira O- flexed, amavuta asanzwe y’imoteri arakomera, kandi amabateri y’aside y’amabuye y’agaciro aratakaza ibice birenga 70 kw’ijana vy’ivyo akora.

Noshobora gusuka inzoga yo gutera canke amavuta ya peteroli mu gitereko c’amavuta ya dizeli canke mu gitereko c’amavuta yo gushusha kugira ngo mpagarike gukora gelling ku -40 degrees?¶

Ntukigere usuka amavuta ya peteroli canke inzoga yo mu nzu yo gusukura muri moteri ya dizeli canke mu gitereko c’amavuta yo gushusha. Gasoline igabanya uburebure bw’umuriro wa dizele ku rugero rwo guturika kandi igasenyura amapompo y’amavuta y’ibitoro afise umuvuduko munini, mu gihe inzoga zituma amapompo y’amavuta y’ibinyabiziga atandukana kandi zigasenyura amapompa y’amavuta y’ibinyabiziga. Gusa uvange amavuta ya kerosene #1 canke dizeli #1 isukuye maze ukoreshe ibikoresho vy’ubudandaji vy’ubudandaji vyihariye, bitagira inzoga, n’ibikoresho vyo gusubira guhindura amazi.

Ni urubura rungahe rukenewe kugira ngo litiro 1 y’amazi yo kunywa ishonge iyo iriba ryakonje?¶

Urubura rw’ifu rudakomeye rufise igipimo c’urubura n’amazi kiri hagati ya 10:1 na 15:1, bisobanura ko utegerezwa gushongera litiro 10 gushika kuri 15 (amagaloni 2,6 gushika kuri 4) z’urubura rworoshe kugira ngo ubone litiro 1 (lita 1) y’amazi. Gushiramwo urubura rwumye ata guca ku ruhande mu nkono yumye hejuru y’icuma biturira iyo nkono y’icuma mu gihe imifuko y’umuyaga ikingira urubura ruri hejuru. Imisi yose usuke amasentimetero 3 gushika kuri 5 (inci 1 gushika kuri 2) y’amazi y’intango mu nkono, ushiremwo ibice vy’urubura canke vy’urubura vyinshi mu mazi asusurutse, hanyuma ushire amazi yashonze ku mfuruka.

Ni kuki intama n’inka zipfa zihejeje kurya ubwatsi bufise ubukonje mu gihe c’ubukonje bw’umuyaga?¶

Iyo urubura rwinshi canke urubura rwuzuye ivyatsi vy’uburagiriro vy’urushana vyumye ku bushuhe bwa degre -35 Celsius (-31 degrés Fahrenheit), inka canke intama y’ingore ishonje irarya ibiro vyinshi vy’urubura ruri munsi ya zero hamwe n’ibiti. Uwo mubumbe w’urubura ugabanya ubushuhe bwo mu mutima buva kuri degre 39 (degre 102 Fahrenheit) bukaja munsi ya degre 30 (degre 86 Fahrenheit), ivyo bikaba bitangaje imigera yo mu mubiri, bikahagarika ubushobozi bwo gukora neza mu mara, bigatuma inzoka zigira ibivyimba vyinshi, kandi zigatuma inzoka zigira ububabare bukomeye.

Nokora iki iyo umuntu ari mu nzu y’itongo iri ukwayo arwaye ubukonje bukomeye, akamara imisi adashobora gushika mu bitaro?¶

Suzuma ingorane zo gusubira gukonja imbere y’uko ususurutsa igihimba c’umubiri. Dukurikije amabwirizwa y’ishirahamwe ry’abaganga ryitwa Wilderness Medical Society n’iry’umusaraba utukura, nimba hari amahirwe ko ikiganza canke ikirenge cakozwe n’urubura coshobora gukonja ubugira kabiri, n’ugukomeze gukonja gushika aho haba icumba gishushe gikomeye, kuko gukonja no gusubira gukonja bituma utugingo ngengabuzima duca ibice bikomeye. Igihe umaze kwinjira mu cumba gishushe, ushire umutwe mu mazi azunguruka ashushe ku bushuhe bwa degre 37 gushika kuri 39 (degre 98,6 gushika kuri 102,2 Fahrenheit) mu minota 30 gushika bimeze neza, uhe ibuprofen nimba iriho, uzingure neza igihimba cose c’umubiri n’ibindi bihimba vy’umubiri. ushire umurwayi kure y’ikirenge gishonze. Gufata inyigisho y’ubutabazi bwa mbere ivuye ku musaraba utukura, St John Ambulance, canke umuganga wo mu karere bitegura imiryango yo mu misozi kugira ngo ishobore kwitaho igihe kirekire.

Inyobora zifitaniye isano¶

• Igihuhusi co mu mazi, ikiza ca arctique, n'umuyaga ukanye wo kurokoka
• Inkubi y’umuyaga yo hasi, urubura rwo hasi, n’imirongo y’umutekano
• Hypothermie n'ubukonje bw'ubutabazi bwa mbere vyihutirwa
• Nta bushuhe mu rushana: ubuzima bwo mu nzu n'ubushuhe bw'inyuma butekanye

Amasoko n'ubuyobozi buzwi¶

• Ishirahamwe ry’Ishirahamwe ry’Ubumwe bw’Ibihugu vy’Abarabu ryitaho ivy’Ibiribwa n’Uburimyi (FAO) n’Ishirahamwe ry’Isi ry’Ivy’Imihindagurikire y’Ikirere (WMO): Imbuzi y’Ivyago vy’Imbeho, Ubwoko bw’Ivyago vy’Imbeho vy’Uburagiriro (Dzud Yera, Irabura, Ibarafu, Imbeho, n’Ibikonje), n’Ingingo ngenderwako zo kugaburira Amatungo mu gihe c’Ivyihutirwa.
• Igisata c’Uburimyi ca Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika (USDA) Igisata c’Ukwagura n’Ivyagutse vya Kaminuza ya Dakota yo mu Buraruko / Montana State University: Ugucungera amatungo mu gihe c’imbeho nyinshi, uguhindura ibifungurwa mu gihe c’ubushuhe burengeye (LCT), n’ubuhinga bwo kuvomera amatungo munsi ya zero.
• Ishirahamwe ry’igihugu ry’umuyagankuba wa propane (NPGA) na NFPA 58 (Itegeko ry’umuyagankuba wa peteroli): Imirongo y’ubushuhe bw’umuvuduko w’umwuka wa propane, ukwirinda gukonjesha mu bihe vy’ubukonje, n’umutekano wo gukuraho urubura/urubura.
• Ikigo c’ubushakashatsi n’ubuhinga c’ingabo za Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika mu turere dukonja (CRREL): Igitabo c’ibikorwa vy’ibihe vy’ubukonje: Gutera amavuta ya dizeli/Gelling, gucungera amabateri ari munsi ya zero, n’ubuhinga bwo gukingira ahantu hakanye cane.
• Ishirahamwe ry’ubuvuzi ryo mu bugaragwa (WMS): Ingingo ngenderwako z’ubuvuzi zo kwirinda no kuvura indwara y’umusonga n’indwara y’umusonga mu mpanuka mu bibanza vya kure no mu bibanza bikomeye.