Ibiti bica ibiti n'igiti co gusya igiti co gukingira no gukiza¶

Ivyo bikoresho vy’ubudandaji bica ibiti n’ivyo bica ibiti biri mu mashini zikoresha inguvu nyinshi cane zikoreshwa mu gutera ibiti, mu gutunganya ahantu, mu gukora amashamba y’ibisagara no mu gusukura ibisigazwa vy’ibisigazwa vy’ibiti inyuma y’igihuhusi. Imbere mu gikoresho co gucapura ibiti c’ubudandaji canke c’ingoma, uruziga canke ingoma y’icuma ikomeye ipima ibilo 250 gushika ku 900 (amapawundi 550 gushika ku 2.000) izunguruka ku 1.000 gushika ku 2.200 ku munota (RPM) ifise ivyuma bikomeye slice-meter-0-5. (12-ku-20-inch) ibiti bikomeye. Imbere y’izo mbugita zizunguruka hariho ibikoresho vy’amazi infeed rollers bifise amenyo y’icuma akomeye afata amashami akayakwegera mu nzira y’amazi ku giciro ca metero 0,5 gushika kuri 1,0 ku segonda (amafuti 1,6 gushika kuri 3,3 ku segonda). N’ubukazi burengeye ubw’ibindi ni ugufatanya kw’umugozi wo kuduga canke ku murongo w’ivyuma: iyo umurongo wo kuduga w’umuhinga mu vy’ibiti, umugozi wo gutera ivyatsi, canke umurongo w’ivyuma vy’ivyuma bishizwe mu mpanuka mu gikoresho co gucapura hamwe n’uburoso, uwo mugozi urarengana ivyuma vy’amazi bigenda buhoro maze ukazingira ataco ushizeko umugozi 1,800. chute ku metero 15 gushika kuri 30 ku segonda (33 gushika kuri 67 miles ku isaha), vyihuta kuruta igihe c’ugusubiza kw’imitsi y’umuntu, no gukwega umukozi uwo ari we wese yizitiye canke afashe umugozi agororotse mu nzira y’ibifungurwa canke akamukubita n’inkoni mu kirere.

Dushingiye ku matohoza y’urupfu yakozwe n’ubuyobozi bw’umutekano n’ubuzima ku kazi bwa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika (OSHA), ikigo c’igihugu kijejwe umutekano n’ubuzima ku kazi (NIOSH), komite y’umutekano w’ibiti ANSI Z133, n’ubuyobozi bw’ubuzima n’umutekano bwo mu Bwongereza (HSE), abakozi bakora ibiti n’abakozi bakora ibiti: gushika kure y’umunwa w’imeza y’ibifungurwa kugira ngo usunikire amashami magufi mu bikoresho vy’ibifungurwa vy’amazi, umugozi w’ivyuma canke impuzu zidakomeye/igitambaro c’amaboko gifata ku maguru y’amahwa, ibipfukisho vy’amadisiki/ivy’ingoma bitapfutse biguruka bifunguye canke bisambuka inyuma y’aho umuvuduko w’amazi ufunguriye kickback canke gutera ibisasu vy’amenyo vy’urutare/carbide**. Kumenya ingene wotera umurongo w’umutekano wo gucungera ibifungurwa n’imirongo y’ubwoba y’amahirwe ya nyuma** mu gice c’isegonda, ingene wofungura umugozi wo gukingira umugozi maze ugakoresha umugozi wo gukingira umugozi inyuma y’ugumenagura canke guca igihimba c’umubiri, n’igituma utegerezwa kurindira gushika umugozi uhagaze imbere y’uko ukuraho.

Ivyo ubikore ubu¶

1. Slam canke ukure umugozi w’umutekano wo gucungera ibifungurwa kugira ngo ushire inyuma (usunikiwe imbere werekeza ku nzira y’amazi) canke uhagarare ubwo nyene nimba hari uwufatwa n’amazi. Ku gikoresho cose c’uburoso bw’amazi gihuye n’itegeko rya ANSI Z133, umugozi w’icuma w’impande zitatu ukikuje umugende w’amazi w’amazi umuvuduko w'inzira:
2. Gukwegera umurongo ugana ku mukoresha bitera imbere.
3. Kwimurira umurongo ku gipfukisho co hagati bihagarika ibiziga (NEUTRAL / STOP).
4. Gusunika umugozi gushika IMBERE (uja ku mashini) bisubiza inyuma ibiziga vy’amazi (FULL REVERSE) kugira ngo bisubize inyuma ishami n’igihimba c’umubiri c’uwagirizwa bive mu biziga.
5. Iyo uwo muntu amaze gukwegwa imbere mu kanwa k’uruzitiro, gukurura imirongo ya Last-Chance yo mu mutima imanitse imbere hejuru y’uruzitiro bitera umuvuduko w’amazi kugira ngo uhagarike canke uhindure izo nzira z’amazi ubwo nyene.
6. Kura umugozi w’ivyuma/PTO maze utere Emergency Stop (E-Stop) canke uzime urufunguzo rwo gucana UBWO nyene. Guhagarika ivyuma bifata amazi bihagarika ugukwegwa imbere, **ariko igikoresho c’icuma c’ibilo 500 severrtia munsi y’ivyuma birabandanya. Kurura igikoresho c’ivyuma canke c’amazi kugira ngo ukureho imikanda y’umuduga wa moteri ku nzira y’uguca, hanyuma wice moteri ya dizeli/gasoline ubwo nyene.
7. Shirako umugozi w'umuyaga wa CoTCCC "high and tight" mu masegonda 30 ku bijanye n'ugucika intege kw'amaguru canke guca igihimba c'umubiri bikomeye. Gutera umutsi w'umubiri n'ugutera umutsi w'umubiri bica imitsi y'amaboko canke y'igihimba c'irondoka, bikaba bituma umuntu asohoka amaraso mu minota 2 gushika kuri 3. Imbere yo kugerageza gusenyura imashini, shira igikoresho co gupfuka umuyaga (nk’ico CAT canke SOFTT-W) sentimetero 5 gushika ku 8 (inci 2 gushika ku 3) hejuru y’igikomere (canke hejuru mu gikiriza/mu rubavu nimba igikomere kiri hafi y’aho igikomere gifatanya), ugobe inkoni y’umuyaga gushika ihagaze neza. inomero y’ivyihutirwa yo mu karere kawe (911 muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika no muri Kanada, 112 mu Bumwe bw’Uburaya bwose, 999 mu Bwongereza, canke raba inomero z'ivyihutirwa).
8. Koresha umugozi wo guterura amazi (NTA GUTERURA imbere/inyuma) kugira ngo urekure igihimba gifatanye hagati y’ibiziga vy’amazi. Iyo ukuboko kw’umukozi, ukuboko, canke igikapu c’umukozi bijanjaguwe maze bifatwa hagati y’ibiziga vy’amazi vy’amenyo yo hejuru n’ayo hasi, moteri idashitse hasi kandi rollers**, zishobora gukwegera igihimba c’umubiri gushika kure cane kija ku mbugita. Ahubwo, koresha amazi top-yoke lift control lever (canke ufungure umuvuduko wo gukuraho umuvuduko wo hasi / ushire ingǒgo yo hejuru n’igikoresho co gutera amazi n’ibiti bikomeye) kugira ngo ushire hejuru ingǒgo yo hejuru ireremba ihagaze ku rubavu rw’uwagirizwa.
9. Rekura umuvuduko w’ukubaho kw’umukoresha (deadman grip) ubwo nyene iyo igikoresho co gusya ibiti gisubiye inyuma, kiduga umuzi, canke kigafata umurongo w’amazi wahambwe. Igikoresho co gusya igiti gigenda inyuma kandi kigenda kigenda kizunguruka uruziga ruremereye rufise amenyo ya tungsten-carbide ku **1,000. Iyo uruziga ruteye umuyoboro w’icuma wahambwe, umugozi w’uruzitiro canke ibuye, canke iyo umuntu ariko aravyitegereza akubiswe n’ibisigazwa biguruka, rekura umugozi w’ukubaho kw’umukoresha (uca uca ufungura uruziga rw’umucuzi maze ugaca ukoresha frein y’umuvuduko) hanyuma utere buto E-Stop itukura.
10. Iyo igikoresho co gusya giteye ku murongo wa gazi kavukire wahambwe canke ku mugozi w’umuyagankuba uri munsi y’ubutaka, uce uvayo ubwo nyene kandi NTUKORE ku gicapo c’icuma iyo habayeho ugusesa. Iyo igikoresho co gusya giteye umuyoboro wa gazi y’umuhondo wo munsi y’ubutaka, rekura ibikoresho bigenzura, ureke aho hantu hatere umuyaga moteri yose/1912. kuva kure cane ataco bihungabanya. Iyo uruziga ruciye umugozi w’amashanyarazi uri munsi y’ubutaka ufise inguvu kandi imashini ikaba iriko iratera umuriro, ushiremwo canke utere imbere n’ibirenge vyose hamwe utakoze ku mashini n’isi icarimwe (raba imirongo y'amashanyarazi yacitse n'umuyagankuba w'imodoka).

Ibiti bica ibiti n'igiti co gusya igiti c'ingingo y'ubutabazi bwihutirwa¶

Koresha iki kigereranyo c’ingingo yo mu ndimiro kugira ngo ukore igikorwa co guhagarika imashini ubwo nyene, kurekura uruzitiro rw’amazi, no kugenzura amaraso ashobora gukiza ubuzima.

flowchart TD
    Start["Ibiti canke igiti co gusya Ivyihutirwa"] --> MachineType{"Ni iyihe mashini canke akaga<br/>kariko karaba?"}

    MachineType -->|"1. Umukozi Yafashwe Canke Akwegwa Mu<br/>Igikoresho co Guca Ibiti"| StopRollers["GUFANGA IVYO GUTANGA UBWO nyene (< Segonda 1):<br/>1. SLAM izunguruka umurongo w'umutekano IMBERE (Inyuma yuzuye)<br/> CANKE gukurura imigozi y'imbere y'amahirwe ya nyuma / gutera E-Stop<br/>2. Kura PTO / Igikoresho co gufatanya & uhindure urufunguzo rwo gucana OFF<br/>3. Kuraho urufunguzo rwo gucana urushire mu mufuko w'umurokozi"]

    StopRollers --> VictimState{"Mbega uwo muntu yagirijwe icaha ararekurwa n’ico kinogo<br/>canke apfutse mu bipfukisho vy’ibifungurwa?"}

    VictimState -->|"Uwagirizwa arabohorwa / Asubirwamwo<br/>avuye amaraso menshi canke akacirwa"| BleedControl["AMATEGEKO Y'AMARASO MENSHI:<br/>1. Gutera TOURNIQUET y’umuyaga 5 gushika kuri 8 cm hejuru y’igikomere<br/> (canke High & Tight mu gikiriza/mu gikiriza); guhindukiza gushika amaraso ahagaze<br/>2. Niba igipfukisho ca kabiri gikenewe, gishire iruhande n'uruhande hejuru y'ica mbere<br/>3. Pakira ibikomere vy’amasanganya (izosi/urutugu/ibere) n’agatambaro<br/>4. Hamagara 911 / 112 / 999 & uvure umubabaro w'amaraso"]

    VictimState -->|"Igihimba c'umubiri gifatanye hagati y'<br/>Ibikoresho vy'amazi bifise amenyo"| RollerRelease["GUSOHORA MU BIMENYETSO:<br/>1. Gutera igipfukisho hafi y'ibikoresho IMBERE yo guterura ingǒgo<br/>2. NTUZOKWIGEZE ufungura moteri kugira ngo izunguruke amarole imbere/inyuma<br/>3. Rindira gushika igikoresho co gucapura/ingoma iri inyuma y'ibizingiti ihagaze 100%<br/>4. Hagurutsa uruzitiro rwo hejuru rureremba rw'ibifungurwa ukoresheje Hydraulic Yoke Lift<br/> canke jack + ibiti bikomeye vy'ibitanda"]

    MachineType -->|"2. Umugozi wo kuduga / Umurongo w’ivyuma<br/>Wafashwe mu Chipper"| RopeSnag["UMUGOZI WO GUKUBISHA / UMUGAMBI WO KUDUGA:<br/>1. Kwibira kure y’imigozi yose izungurutse hasi UBWO nyene<br/>2. Kubita Chipper E-Stop & gukuraho umugozi igihe cose ushobora kwegera<br/>3. Suzuma uwuduga igiti hejuru kugira ngo abone ko afise ububabare bw'amashami<br/>4. Gutabara mu kirere iyo uwuduga akomeretse mu gisenge"]

    MachineType -->|"3. Igitero c'Igiti c'Igiti, Gutera,<br/>canke Gutera Gazi/Umuyagankuba"| StumpAction["IVYITURWA VY'IGITERERE:<br/>1. Rekura umurongo w'ukubaho kw'umukoresha w'umupfu & utere E-Stop<br/>2. Iyo umurongo wa GAS wahambwe ucitse: Heba imashini & uve mu muyaga<br/>3. Iyo umugozi w'AMASHANYARAZI wahambwe ukubiswe: Gutera imbere n'ibirenge hamwe<br/>4. Iyo iryinyo riguruka/urutare rukomeretse: Gutera umukazo, igipfukisho, canke ingabo y'amaso"]

Kugereranya uburyo 5 bwica cane bwo guca ibiti no gusya ibiti¶

Gutahura ingene uburyo butandukanye bwo gucapura n’ugusya bukora birasigura igituma hariho uburyo bwihariye bwo gucungera umutekano be n’ingene bunanirwa iyo burengewe.

Ubuhinga bwo gukingira uburoso: Uko intsinga z'imirongo 4 n'iz'ubwoba zikora¶

Imbere yo kugaburira ishami rimwe mu gikoresho ico ari co cose co guca ibiti, umukozi wese ari hasi ategerezwa kugerageza ku mubiri uburyo bwose bune bwo guhagarika/gusubira inyuma mu gihe c’ugutembera imbere y’uko umuntu atangura.

   WOOD CHIPPER INFEED CHUTE SAFETY ARCHITECTURE (ANSI Z133)

         [Cutter Disc / Drum: 1,500-2,200 RPM]  <-- Hood Pin Interlock
                         ^
         [Upper & Lower Toothed Feed Rollers]   <-- Hydraulic Yoke Lift
                         ^
        +---------------------------------+
        |   ||     ||       ||     ||     |  <-- [1] Internal "Last-Chance"
        |   ||     ||       ||     ||     |      Panic Cables (Pull to Stop/Reverse)
        |                                 |
   +====|=================================|====+
   ||   |      INFEED CHUTE MOUTH         |   || <-- [2] 3-Sided Wrap-Around
   ||   |  (Min 150 cm / 60 in reach to   |   ||     Feed Control Safety Bar
   ||   |   rollers from tray lip)        |   ||     (PUSH FORWARD = FULL REVERSE)
   ||   +---------------------------------+   ||
   ||      /                           \      ||
   ||     /   FOLD-DOWN INFEED TRAY     \     ||
   +=====/===============================\=====+
        [=================================]      <-- [3] Bottom Knee/Thigh Bump Bar
                                                         (Trips if operator is lifted)

1. Igikoresho co gucungera umutekano w’ibifungurwa (Igikoresho c’umutuku canke c’umuhondo gikikuje umurongo w’amazi)¶

• Uko ikora: Ihuye n’ubuhinga butaziguye ku nzira y’amazi igenzura uruja n’uruza rw’amazi aja ku ma moteri y’ibifungurwa.
• Emergency muscle memory: Abantu benshi batamenyerejwe bariko bararaba, bihenda biyumvira ko gukwega umugozi bagana kuri bo bizotuma ama rollers asubira inyuma. Nkako, gukwegera umurongo ugana ku mukoresha bikora IMBERE (INWARD) feed. Kugira ngo UHAGARIKE ibiziga, sunika umurongo umwe ukanda imbere ku nzira y’ubutabera iri hagati; kugira ngo USUBIRE ama rollers maze usubire inyuma ishami ry'umugozi, utere umugozi gushika IMBERE werekeza ku mubiri w'umunyagihugu.

2. Imbere "Amahirwe ya nyuma" Intsinga z'Ubwoba¶

• Imbere hejuru y’umurongo w’ivyuma, hafi hagati y’umunwa w’inyuma w’igitereko n’ibizingiti vy’amenyo, manika ivyuma bibiri Imirongo y’ugukwega y’Igihe Ca nyuma (canke umurongo w’urugendo wo mu mutima).
• Iyo umuntu akoresha igikoresho afashwe n’ishami maze akakwegwa n’umutwe canke ukuboko imbere, akarenga umurongo w’inyuma w’umutuku akaja mu mugende w’amazi, gukubita canke gukubita umugozi umwe mu mazi umanitse, ubwo nyene uca utanga umuvuduko w’amazi maze ugahindura canke ugahagarika ivyo bikoresho vy’ugufungura imbere y’uko umubiri w’uwakozweko nabi ushika ku bikoresho vy’amazi.

3. Hasi / Hasi Feed-Stop Bump Bar (Igikoresho c'ivi c'ubuhinga bwa none canke c'ubuhinga)¶

• Ivyo bikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwa none bifise igiti co hasi giteretse munsi y’umunwa w’igitereko c’ibifungurwa gishobora gupfungwa ku burebure bw’ivi gushika ku matako.
• Igituma iriho: Iyo izo nkoko zifise amenyo zifatanye imbere y’ishami ry’amahembe, impera y’inyuma y’ishami iri hanze y’uruzitiro kenshi zizunguruka zija hasi hanyuma zitera amaguru y’uwuzikoresha hejuru, zigaterura umubiri wazo hejuru y’umunwa w’igitereko aho zidashobora gushika ku gitereko co hejuru. Iyo amatako canke amavi y’uwukoresha akubise ku gipfukisho co hasi, kiratera umugozi w’amazi maze ugahagarika ubwo nyene izo nzira zitanga ibifungurwa.

4. Igikoresho co guca-Inzu Hood Pin n'Ikimenyetso c'Ihinduka ry'Igikoresho¶

• Ntukigere witiranya guhagarika ibikoresho vy’amazi n’uguhagarika idisiki canke ingoma yo gucapura.
• Iyo usunikiye umurongo utukura kuri Neutral canke Reverse, ni ibikoresho vy’amazi bigenda buhoro gusa bihagarara; idisiki y’imbugita y’icuma y’ibilo 500 iri inyuma y’izo nkoko ku masentimetero 15 gusa, iracariko irazunguruka ku muvuduko wa 1.800 ku munota kandi izoca ikintu cose coyikorako.
• Naho umaze gukuraho embrayage ugazimya urufunguzo rwo gucana moteri, iyo flywheel iremereye iragenda buceceka ku bipimo vyayo vyuzuye ikidodo mu minota 2 gushika kuri 5. Ntukigere ukuraho icuma igipfukisho co gufunga igipfukisho gushika uravye ku mpera y’umugozi mukuru w’uruzitiro (ikimenyetso c’uguhinduka kw’umugozi) maze ukabona ko ikimenyetso canke umutwe w’ibara ry’umugozi uri ku mugozi udakora rwose.

Intambwe ku yindi amategeko yo kugaburira uburoso butekanye kugira ngo wirinde gufatanya¶

Kurikiza aya mategeko ANSI Z133, OSHA, na Ishirahamwe ry’Inganda zikora ibiti (TCIA) ku kibanza cose c’akazi:

1. Feed brush Butt-End (Cut-End) Ubwa mbere: Imisi yose ushire iherezo ry’ishami ry’igiti ryinshi kandi ry’amababi imbere, ntushire imbere isonga ry’ishami ry’amababi ry’ibitoke. Kugaburira butt-end mbere bituma amashami yose yo mu ruhande n’amaforogo bishobora gupfunyarika neza inyuma nk’umutaka uko ishami ryinjiye mu nzira, aho gufatanya hanze yerekeza ku maboko yawe no ku maganzu yawe.
2. Hagarara ku RUHANDE rw'igitereko c'ibifungurwa, usunikire ishami, hanyuma UBWO nyene uhindukire ugende mu buryo bugororotse:
3. Ntukigere uhagarara hagati inyuma y’umurongo w’amazi. Iyo igihimba c’umubiri gigoramye gikubita mu ruhande canke ibuye ryihishije rigasubira inyuma rivuye mu mbugita, guhagarara inyuma y’ico kinogo bica bishira umutwe wawe n’igikiriza cawe ku murongo w’umuriro.
4. Yegera uvuye ku ruhande, usunikire umutwe w’inyuma mu bipfunsi gushika biwufashe, urekure ishami ubwo nyene, hanyuma ugende mu buryo bugororotse uva aho ufungura mu gihe uguma uhagaze amaso hasi kugira ngo ubone amashami akurikira.
5. Ntukigere ushika kure y’urubibi rw’inyuma rw’igitereko c’ibifungurwa; koresha ishami rirerire gusunika ibisigazwa bigufi:
6. Niba ufise ibiti bigufi, ibiti vy’imiberoshi, ibiti vy’imiberoshi, canke amaguru n’amaboko bikomeye, ntiwigere ubisunikira mu nzira y’amazi n’ibiganza vyawe, kandi ntukigere uduga ku gitereko kugira ngo ubiterere n’inkweto yawe.
7. Rara ibipande bigufi ku gitereko c’ibifungurwa gisanzwe maze ukoreshe ishami rirerire, rigororotse ry’uburebure bwa metero 2 (amafuti 6,5) (canke igiti co gusunika) kugira ngo ubisunikire mu bizingira, ureke umucapura arye ishami ry’ugusunika nyene hamwe n’ibisigazwa bigufi.
8. Gushitsa amategeko agenga arborist PPE (Nta maganzu y'amaboko, nta migozi irekuye):
9. Ambara amaganzu y’akazi y’amaboko akwiriye neza (ntiwigere agira amaboko manini, akomeye y’urukoba akora nk’ibikoresho vyo gufata amashami arenga).
10. Ambara ishati y’amaboko maremare igaragara cane, ipfutse neza mu mpuzu yawe, ata n’imigozi y’impuzu y’imbere, imigozi idapfutse canke imfunguruzo zizunguruka.
11. Ambara **inkofero ikomeye ANSI Z89.1 ifise umugozi w’inkofero w’intonde 4 ugenewe guca ku nguvu zitekanye (canke ata n’inkofero y’inkofero nimba ubuyobozi bw’umuhinguzi buvuga ko abakoresha ibikoresho vyo gucapura hasi bashobora kwirinda gufatwa n’izosi iyo inkofero ikubiswe mu nzira), ANSI impact eath protectionne and he uburinzi.
12. Itegeko ry'"Akarere katagira imigozi":
13. Imbere yo gutangura igikoresho co gucapura, shiraho Akarere katagira imigozi k’amametero 3 gushika kuri metero 10 hakikije umugende w’amazi.
14. Iyo uwuduga igiti ariko arakora hejuru mu giti kiri hafi y’igiti, umugozi wo kuduga urenze urugero w’uwuduga n’imirongo yose y’ibikoresho vyo kumanuka bitegerezwa guzingirirwa imbere mu gafuko k’umugozi canke bikaterwa ku ruhande rumwe rw’igiti kugira ngo ishami rigwa ntiryigere rikwegera umugozi uriko urakura mu mugozi w’igiti.

Gukuraho no gukomeretsa ubutabazi bwa mbere ku bikomere vy'abaca ibiti n'abasya ibiti¶

Impanuka z’ibikoresho vyo guca ibiti n’ivyo gusya ibiti zituma haba uguca ibice kw’ibiti bifise inguvu nyinshi, uguca ibice vy’ibiti bifunguye vyandujwe n’ibice vy’ibiti n’ivu, n’ibitero vy’ibiti bishobora kwinjira mu mubiri.

Intambwe ya 1: Umutekano w’aho hantu n’ugufunga/gufunga (LOTO) Imbere y’uko abarokozi bashika¶

1. Slam Feed Control Bar kugira ngo USUBIRE canke UHAGARIKE, ufungure igikoresho co gufata clutch/PTO, hanyuma uhindure urufunguzo rwo gucana OFF.
2. Kura urufunguzo rw’umuriro ku switch urushire mu mufuko wawe kugira ngo ntihagire umuntu ahagaze afise ubwoba ashobora gutera starter mu mpanuka mu gihe amaboko yawe ari imbere mu chute ariko arakiza uwagirizwa.
3. Rindira ko disc/drum y’ugucapura ihagarika guhindukira imbere yo gufungura igipfukisho c’ugucapura ico ari co cose canke gushika hafi y’ivyuma.

Intambwe ya 2: Gukoresha Tourniquet ("Hagarika Amaraso")¶

Kubera ko amaguru n’amaguru yamenetse biva amaraso cane, shirako igikoresho co gufatanya IMBERE yo kurekura igihimba gipfutse ku bipimo vy’ibifungurwa nimba hari amaraso menshi ava mu mitsi canke bitegerezwa gusohoka: 1. Shira igikoresho co gupfuka umuyaga co mu bucuruzi (CAT canke SOFTT-W) sentimetero 5 gushika kuri 8 (inci 2 gushika kuri 3) hejuru y'aho umuntu akomeretse (hafi y'umutima), canke "Ikirenge kandi gikomeye" ku ruhande rwo hejuru cane rw'ukuboko kwo hejuru canke uruhande rwo hejuru rw'itako nimba exa. Ntukigere ushira igipfukisho hejuru y’inkokora canke y’ivi. 2. Kurura umugozi uko bishoboka kwose, ugobeke inkoni y’umuyaga gushika amaraso atukura cane ahagaze burundu, ufunge iyo nkoni mu gipfukisho, hanyuma wandike igihe co kuyikoresha ku mugozi w’igipfukisho canke ku ruhanga rw’uwakozweko nabi. 3. Nimba amaraso abandanya kuva mu gipfukisho ca mbere (gisanzwe ku matako manini manini y’imitsi), reka igipfukisho ca mbere gikingijwe mu kibanza caco maze ushireko igipfukisho ca kabiri c’umuyaga hejuru (hafi y’) ica mbere, iruhande n’uruhande. 4. Ku bikomere bikomeye vyo mu ijosi, mu gikiriza (axillary), canke mu gikiriza (inguinal) aho igipfukisho c’amaguru n’amaboko kidashobora gukikuza, funga umwobo w’igikomere ushike ku igufa ukoresheje igitambaro co kurwana co gukingira amaraso (canke igitambaro c’intambara gisanzwe) maze ufate **umukazo udatezuka ku **iminota ibiri gushika 5 ha. abaganga bafata ingingo (raba gucungera kuva amaraso cane).

Intambwe ya 3: Kurekura Igihimba Gishizwe mu Bipimo vy'Ibifungurwa vy'Amazi¶

Iyo ukuboko canke ukuguru kw’uwagirizwa gushizwe hagati y’ibikoresho vy’amazi bifise amenyo: 1. Suzuma ko hariho igikoresho co guterura ingǒgo y’amazi gikoreshwa n’amaboko: Ivyuma vyinshi vy’ubudandaji bifise igikoresho co guterura amazi gifatanye n’ingǒgo yo hejuru y’uruzitiro kugira ngo abakoresha bashobore guterura uruzitiro rwo hejuru kugira ngo bemere ibiti binini. Niba umuvuduko w’amazi usaba ko moteri ikora, koresha gusa umugozi wo guterura ingǒgo iyo umugozi mukuru w’ugucagura ufunguwe 100% kandi umurongo w’ugucungera umuvuduko w’amazi ukingiwe mu buryo butagira aho bugarukira, CANKE ukoreshe umugozi w’amazi ukoreshwa n’amaboko / umugozi w’icupa ry’imodoka ushizwe ku giti gikomeye ikadiri kugira ngo utere hejuru uruzitiro rwo hejuru rugororotse ruvuye ku gice c’umubiri c’uwagirizwa. 2. Crib every centimeter of lift: Uko utera ingǒgo y’icuma iremereye yo hejuru, ushire ibiti bikomeye canke ibipande vy’ibiti bikomeye munsi y’impande zompi z’ingǒgo kugira ngo iyo ingǒgo inyerera, ingǒgo y’amenyo ntishobore gusubira gutera hasi ku muntu yagirizwa.

Intambwe ya 4: Kuzigama Ibihimba Vyaciwe no Kuvura Ibisasu Bica mu Mubiri¶

• Kwitwararika ukuboko, intoke canke ukuboko kwaciwe: Igihe uwo muntu amaze guhagarara neza kandi akagira n’igipfukisho, usukure umwanda ku gice cose c’umubiri caciwe n’umunyu canke amazi meza (ntiwigere ugisukura), uzingire ico gice mu **mufuko w’ipulasitike utose gatoyi, ushireko igitambaro c’umubiri gifise ubumara, umufuko ukingiwe hejuru y’igitanda c’urubura n’amazi imbere mu gikoresho co gukonjesha. Ntukigere ushira utugingo ngengabuzima twaciwe ku barafu ataco ufise canke ku barafu yumye, ivyo bikaba bikonja kandi bikasenya imitsi y’amaraso ikenewe kugira ngo umuntu asubire gufatanya mu kubagwa.
• Gumanikwa n’ibipande vy’ibiti canke amenyo y’ibiti vy’ibiti vy’amabuye y’agaciro: Iyo igipande c’ibiti canke igice c’icuma gikomeye gimanitswe cane mu gikiriza, mu nda, mw’izosi canke mw’ijisho, ntukikuremwo (raba Gumanika guhagarara na ibikomere vy'amaso). Guhagarika ico kintu mu kibanza caco ukoresheje ivyuma vyinshi maze ugitware ubwo nyene mu kigo c’abakomeretse co ku rwego rwa mbere.

Ibibazo bikunda kubazwa¶

Ni ubuhe buryo usunika umugozi w’umutekano ku gikoresho co gucapura ibiti kugira ngo uhagarike canke usubize inyuma ibizingiti vy’ibifungurwa?¶

Ku bikoresho vy’amazi bikoreshwa n’amazi bihuye n’ingingo ya ANSI Z133, gusunika umurongo w’umutekano wo gucungera ibifungurwa KURE yawe (imbere, werekeza ku mashini no ku munwa w’uruzitiro) bihagarika uruzitiro ku nzira ya mbere yo hagati (Neutral) maze bikagira FULL REVERSE ku nzira y’uruzitiro iyo isunitswe vyose. Gukwega umurongo ugana ku wuwukoresha bitera imbere (imbere) ifunguro. Ivyo bikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwa none na vyo nyene birafise umurongo wo hasi w’ivi/itako munsi y’umunwa w’igitereko c’ibifungurwa be n’imigozi ibiri y’ugukwega ya Last-Chance imanikijwe imbere hejuru y’uruzitiro rwo gucapura zica zihagarika canke zisubiza inyuma izo nkoko iyo zikubiswe canke zikwezwe.

Ni kuki umugozi wo guhindura umugozi w’ibifungurwa udashobora guhagarika umugozi wo kuduga unyura mu gikoresho co guca ibiti?¶

Ico gipfukisho c’umutekano gizingirako gusa kigenzura ibiziga vy’amazi bigenda buhoro (bihindukira ku metero nka 0,5 gushika kuri 1 ku segonda), si igipande kinini c’icuma c’icuma canke ingoma izunguruka ku 1.500 gushika ku 2.200 RPM inyuma gusa y’ivyo biziga. Kubera ko umugozi wo kuduga w’ibiti w’ibiti ari muremure kandi ushobora guhinduka, igihe nyene umutwe w’uwo mugozi uca mu bikoresho vy’ugufungura maze ugakora ku mbugita zizunguruka zinyaruka cane, uwo mugozi uzunguruka ata guca ku ruhande umugozi w’imbugita w’inguvu 1.800-RPM ku kilometero 50 gushika kuri 600. isaha). Naho izo nzira z’ugufungura zica zisubira inyuma ubwo nyene, iyo ngoma izunguruka irabandanya izunguruka umugozi gushika umugozi uhagaze canke umugozi ugaca, ni co gituma imigozi yose itegerezwa kuguma n’imiburiburi ku metero 10 (amafuti 33) kure y’igikoresho co gucapura gikoreshwa.

Ni kubera iki ari bibi gukuraho igipfukisho c’igikoresho co gucapura ubwo nyene umaze kuzimya moteri y’igikoresho co guca ibiti?¶

Igikoresho co gucapura canke ingoma kiri imbere mu gikoresho co gucapura ibiti co mu bucuruzi ni uruziga rw’icuma rukomeye rupima ibiro 250 gushika ku 900 (amapawundi 550 gushika ku 2.000) rwagenewe kubika inguvu nyinshi cane zo guhindukiza kugira ngo rushobore gucapura ibiti bikomeye cane ataco bihagaze. Iyo uzimye urufunguzo rwo gucana moteri maze ugakuraho igikoresho co gufatanya, iyo disiki y’icuma iremereye irabandanya izunguruka ata co ivuze imbere mu nzu mu minota 2 gushika ku 5 yuzuye. Iyo uwukoresha iyo ndege akuye igipfukisho co gufunga igipfukisho c’icuma maze akagifungura mu gihe iyo disiki iguma igenda iramanuka, igipande c’igiti gifatanye canke izo mbugita zizunguruka zirashobora gutera iyo nkoko idapfutse maze zigatera igipfukisho c’icuma c’ibilo 100 mu mutwe w’uwuzikoresha n’inkomezi zishobora kwica. Igihe cose rindira gushika ikimenyetso c’uguhinduka kw’umugozi kigaragara kigaragaza ko ata n’umwe yinyiganza imbere yo gukurura umugozi w’ibarabara.

Abarorerezi bakwiye kuba kure gute y’igikoresho co gusya ibiti gikora, kandi bigenda gute iyo giteye umurongo wa gaze wahambwe?¶

Abari aho bose, abo bakorana, n’ibinyabiziga bikwiye kuguma nibura ku metero 15 gushika kuri 25 (amafuti 50 gushika kuri 80) kure y’igikoresho co gusya ibiti gikora, kandi ntimwigere bahagarara mu nzira y’imbere/inyuma y’uruziga rwo gukata, kuko amenyo y’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma. isaha (ibilometero 125 kw’isaha). Iyo igikoresho co gusya igiti giteye kigaca umurongo wa gaze kavukire wahambwe, rekura umurongo w’ukubaho kw’umukoresha w’umupfu ubwo nyene kugira ngo uhagarike moteri n’umuvuduko, ntugerageze gusubira gufungura canke guhindura imashini (ivyo bikaba bituma haba ibishashi vy’umuriro), ushire umuntu wese mu muyaga hejuru nibura metero 100 (amafuti 330), kandi ca1,19 the gaz. utility uri kure cane.

Amasoko yasuzumwe¶

• Ikigo kijejwe umutekano n’ubuzima ku kazi (OSHA, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika): Itangazo ry’umutekano n’ubuzima SHB 08-04-16: Ivyago vyo gukoresha ibikoresho bica ibiti; Amabwirizwa y’Ishirwa mu ngiro ry’Ibikorwa vyo Kwitwararika Ibiti; na Gufunga/Gufunga (29 CFR 1910.147).
• Ikigo c’Igihugu c’Umutekano n’Ubuzima ku Kazi (NIOSH / CDC, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika): Gukingira urupfu n’ibikomere biva ku bikoresho bica ibiti (NIOSH Hazard ID 8) n’Isuzuma ry’urupfu n’ugucungera (FACE) Raporo ku bijanye n’ugufatanya imigozi yo kuduga.
• Komite yemewe y’Ivyagezwe ANSI Z133 n’Ishirahamwe ry’Ibikorwa vy’Ukwitwararika Ibiti (TCIA, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika): Ivyagezwe vy’Igihugu ca Amerika ku bikorwa vy’uburimyi bw’ibiti: Ibisabwa kugira ngo umuntu agire umutekano (ANSI Z133): Ivyuma bica ibiti, ibica ibiti, n’ibice bitagira imigozi.
• Ikigo kijejwe ubuzima n’umutekano (HSE, Ubwongereza): Urupapuro rw’amakuru ku bijanye n’uburimyi bw’ibiti n’amashamba AIS38: Ivyuma bica ibiti: Uburyo bwo gukora neza n’ugupima umurongo wo guhagarika ibifungurwa.
• Komite y'Ivy'Ukwitwararika Abakomeretse mu Ntambara (CoTCCC) n'Ishure ry'Abaganga ry'Abanyamerika: Guhagarika Gukoresha Igikoresho co Gufata Amaraso Gikomeye kandi Gikomeye no Gucungera Amaraso y'Igihugu ku Bacitse Ibikomere.

Inyobora zifitaniye isano¶

• Igitero c'urusenga, inguvu zisubiza, n'ibikomere vy'umupfakazi bitema igiti
• Imashini zo mu murima PTO zifatanya n'ibinogo vy'intete
• Guca ibara ry’umukemuzi w’ivyatsi, gutera ibisasu, n’impanuka zo kwihindukiza
• Gucungera amaraso menshi no gukoresha tourniquet
• Impanuka zo ku kazi n'impanuka zo mu nganda
• Igikomerekezo co gujanjagurwa n'indwara y'ibice