Ikarita Yasibwe cyangwa Ifite Ikarita ya SD cyangwa Ikarita ya CFexpress muri Kamera Mugihe cyo Kurasa: Andika-Kurinda Gufunga, Akaga ka TRIM, na RAW Carving¶

Ku bw'impanuka ukanda ** Ikarita ya Format ** (Format Media) imbere muri Sony Alpha, Canon EOS, Nikon Z, Fujifilm, cyangwa kamera ya Panasonic Lumix hagati yubukwe cyangwa amashusho yubucuruzi, cyangwa kubona amashusho yerekana flash Card Cannot Be Accessed / Card Not Formatted / Format Card?, ni buri mufotora nabafata amashusho mabi cyane. Mu masegonda atanu yambere nyuma yimpanuka muburyo bwa kamera cyangwa Delete All Images tegeka, ** hafi 100 ku ijana by'amafoto yawe ya RAW (.CR3, .ARW, .NEF, .RAF, .DNG) n'amashusho ya videwo (.MP4, .MOV) baracyicaye kumubiri imbere muri NAND flash yibuka selile **. Ikisenya ubukwe cyangwa kurasa burundu nibizakurikiraho: gufata ndetse na "test shot" ebyiri cyangwa eshatu kugirango urebe niba ikarita yongeye gukora, ureke kamera yongere yerekane kandi wandike ububiko bwububiko bushya (SONY/AVCHD, DCIM/100CANON), cyangwa kwinjiza ikarita yangiritse muri mudasobwa igendanwa ya macOS cyangwa Windows utiriwe winjiza ibyuma byandika-birinda. Niba clip imwe ya videwo yaciwe na bateri yapfuye hagati yo gufata amajwi aho kuba ikarita yakozwe, simbukira kuri kamera RAW video MP4 / MOV dosiye itarangiye nyuma yurupfu rwa bateri no gusana umutwe wa atom; kubisanzwe ikarita yibikoresho yibikoresho cyangwa abasomyi bananiwe, reba SD ikarita ya ruswa, ikarita yibuka ya kamera, hamwe nubukwe bwamafoto yubukwe na gusiba dosiye kubwimpanuka, disiki yimiterere, no kugarura amafoto. Niba amashusho yatakaye arimo ibimenyetso byangiza ubuzima, impanuka zo mumuhanda, cyangwa iperereza ryakozwe na polisi, hamagara nimero yihutirwa yawe (911 muri Amerika no muri Kanada, 112 hirya no hino mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, 999 mubwongereza) cyangwa reba ububiko bwacu bwa nimero yihutirwa.

Kora ubu¶

1. ** NTIBIKORE kanda buto na rimwe, hanyuma ukurura bateri ya kamera (cyangwa uhindure amashanyarazi OFF no gusohora ikarita) ako kanya **: Kamera zigezweho zitagira indorerwamo (Sony, Canon, Nikon) guhora wandika imiterere ya metadata (INDX.BDM, MOVIEOBJ.BDM, .CTG kataloge) ku ikarita. Zimya kandi usohore ikarita mumasegonda 2.
2. ** Niba ikarita ari ikarita isanzwe ya SD / SDHC / SDXC, shyira kumubiri LOCK hindura kuruhande rwibumoso HANUKA werekeza kuri pin yo hepfo ako kanya **: Kunyerera imashini yandika-kurinda tab LOCK ibwira abasomyi ba USB ikarita yujuje kugirango bahagarike amategeko yose. (CFexpress Type A/B, XQD, na microSD amakarita abura icyerekezo gifatika; shyira mu bikorwa porogaramu isoma gusa kuri mudasobwa yawe mbere yo kuyishiramo.)
3. ** Shyira ikarita mu rubanza rwabigenewe, andika DO NOT USE - RECOVERY, hanyuma ushireho ikarita nshya muri kamera kugirango urangize kurasa **: Ntuzigere ugerageza gukira hagati yimihango ikora kuri bateri ya mudasobwa igendanwa. Hindura ikarita nshya, genzura ibyanditswe bibiri (RAW + RAW backup) irakora, kandi ikore forensic kugarura kumeza hamwe nimbaraga za AC.
4. ** NTUKIGERE ukanda "Imiterere ya Disiki," "Gutangiza," cyangwa "Gusikana no Gukosora (chkdsk) "iyo ucometse ikarita muri Windows cyangwa macOS **: Kanda ** Scan na Fix ** ikora chkdsk /f, ihindura amafoto ya RAW yacitsemo ibice hamwe na 4K amashusho ya videwo mubidasomeka FOUND.000/FILE0000.CHK ibice, kwandika hejuru ya cluster ukeneye kubaza.
5. ** Kora bito-kuri-ishusho yumurenge (.img cyangwa .dmg) y'ikarita kuri SSD y'imbere ya mudasobwa ukoresheje ddrescue cyangwa Disiki ya Disiki / R-Ifoto mbere yo gukora scan iyisubiramo **: Buri gihe shushanya ikarita yose rimwe (64 GB, 128 GB, 256 GB) kuri dosiye kuri SSD yawe hanyuma ukoreshe ibikoresho byose byo kugarura kurwanya .img kopi.
6. ** Koresha byombi sisitemu ya sisitemu ya skaneri NA RAW / umukono wa videwo yerekana amashusho (PhotoRec, R-Photo, Disk Drill Advanced Camera Recovery, cyangwa SanDisk RescuePRO) **: Bisanzwe Quick Format zeru exFAT Imbonerahamwe yo Kugabura Idosiye (FAT / Cluster Bitmap), rero gushushanya umukono usoma buri cluster itaziguye kugirango ikuremo ibisubizo byuzuye .CR3, .ARW, .NEF, na .RAF amashusho.

Igiti cyemezo: muburyo bwa kamera, gusiba, cyangwa Card Error byihutirwa¶

Koresha iyi fomu mugihe ikarita yo kwibuka yatunganijwe, guhanagurwa, cyangwa kwangwa mugihe cyo kurasa:

flowchart TD
    Start["Ibihe byihutirwa: Ikarita ya SD / CFexpress Yakozwe, Yasibwe, cyangwa Yerekana Ikosa Ikarita"] --> EjectNow["Hindura Kamera OFF Ako kanya & Kuramo Ikarita (Fata andi mashusho 0)"]

    EjectNow --> CardType{"Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ikarita ifatika?"}
    CardType -->|"Ingano yuzuye SD / SDHC / SDXC"| FlipSwitch["Shyira Kumubiri Kwandika-Kurinda Hindura HANUKA kumwanya"]
    CardType -->|"CFexpress Ubwoko A / Ubwoko B / XQD / microSD"| SoftLock["Nta Guhindura Ifatika: Hagarika OS Auto-Mount & Automount Andika kuri PC / Mac Banza"]

    FlipSwitch --> ImageCard["Huza ukoresheje Ubuziranenge USB 3.2 / Umusomyi wa Thunderbolt -> Kurema Bit-kuri-Bit Ishusho (.img) hamwe na ddrescue"]
    SoftLock --> ImageCard

    ImageCard --> HexCheck["Kugenzura Idosiye Ifoto Yamakuru Atari Zeru (hexdump -C ikarita.img | umutwe -n 40)"]
    HexCheck --> IsZeroed{"Ese Imirenge Yose Nyuma ya Offset 64MB Zeru Yera (00 00) cyangwa FF FF?"}

    IsZeroed -->|"Yego: 100% Zeru Kurenga Ishusho Yose"| TrimHit["Kamera Yoherejwe Ibyuma SD_ERASE (CMD38) cyangwa NVMe TRIM: Gusa Off-Chip NAND Pinout Lab irashobora kugerageza gutabara"]
    IsZeroed -->|"Oya: Ikungahaye rya Hex Yerekana Ikarita"| FailureMode{"Byagenze bite ku Ikarita?"}

    FailureMode -->|"Gusiba Impanuka (Ifoto imwe cyangwa Amafoto yose)"| ExfatScan["Ubuyobozi bwanditse bwanditseho 0xE5 / 0x05 -> Koresha R-Studio / Imyitozo ya Disiki / Ikizamini cyo Kugarura Amazina Yukuri"]
    FailureMode -->|"Muri Kamera Imiterere (Imiterere isanzwe ya FAT32 / exFAT)"| RawCarve["FAT / Cluster Bitmap Zeru -> Koresha Ishusho Yumukono (PhotoRec kumafoto ya RAW / Amashusho yimbere ya MP4)"]
    FailureMode -->|"Kamera Ati: Ikarita ntishobora kuboneka / ikeneye imiterere"| PartitionFix["Imirenge ya Boot yangiritse cyangwa Imbonerahamwe y'ibice -> Ongera wubake umurenge wa Boot umurenge hamwe na TestDisk CYANGWA Wibaze Ishusho Raw"]

Icyiciro cya 1: Mubyukuri ibiba imbere muri karita ya SD cyangwa CFexpress mugihe ukubise "Format"¶

Kuki abafotora bamwe bakira 100% mubukwe bwabo 2500 dosiye ya RAW nyuma yimpanuka ya kamera, mugihe abandi bakira 100% y'amafoto yabo neza .CR3 / .NEF dosiye nyamara ugasanga 4K yabo .MP4 amashusho ya videwo ntazakina, kandi itsinda rya gatatu rireba 0 files found? Igisubizo giterwa nibintu bitatu bya tekiniki: ** Bisanzwe na Imiterere-yo hasi (CMD38 / TRIM) **, **exFAT kugabanganya cluster **, na ** Ifoto na Video yo gucamo ibice **.

1. Imiterere isanzwe na Canon "Imiterere yo murwego rwo hasi" na Sony Imiterere Yuzuye (SD_ERASE)¶

Gereranya uburyo buri ruganda rukora kamera rushyira mubikorwa muri kamera ** Imiterere ya menu ya menu kuri SDXC na CFexpress itangazamakuru:

2. Kuki amafoto ya RAW akora neza mubice 1 mugihe 4K .MP4 / .MOV amashusho yerekana amashusho¶

Ndetse mugihe itangwa rya bitmap (FAT / exFAT Cluster Heap Bitmap) yahanaguwe na format, kuki bishoboka PhotoRec kugarura amafoto 3.000 ya RAW bitagoranye mugihe urwana nayo .MP4 dosiye?

+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| HOW CAMERAS WRITE RAW PHOTOS VS. 4K VIDEO CLIPS ON exFAT CARDS          |
|                                                                         |
| 1. STILL PHOTOS (.CR3 / .ARW / .NEF / .JPG):                            |
|    [Cluster 100][Cluster 101][Cluster 102][Cluster 103] (45 MB total)   |
|    -> Stored CONTIGUOUSLY (one cluster right after another) unless you  |
|       deleted individual photos mid-shoot and filled tiny gaps.         |
|    -> A carver scans for the TIFF/CR3 start header (49 49 2A 00 or      |
|       ftypcrx) and reads straight through to the end of the photo.      |
|                                                                         |
| 2. DUAL-STREAM VIDEO + PROXY + XML OR INTERLEAVED AUDIO/VIDEO (.MP4):   |
|    [4K Video Chunk 1][Proxy Sub-Stream Chunk 1][4K Video Chunk 2][Thumb]|
|    -> Many cameras record main 4K video (M4ROOT/CLIP/C0001.MP4) and     |
|       a low-res proxy (SUB/C0001S01.MP4) or XML telemetry simultaneously|
|    -> This interleaves clusters on disk: Main Video -> Proxy -> Main.   |
|    -> When formatting wipes the exFAT cluster chain, a naive carver     |
|       glues Proxy clusters into the middle of the 4K video file.        |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+

Kubera iyi mikoranire, kugarura ** biracyafite amafoto ya RAW / JPEG ** akorana nabashitsi bakurikirana kubuntu (PhotoRec / R-Photo), mugihe gukira ** gufatanya / gucamo ibice .MP4 na .MOV videwo nyuma yimiterere ** isaba ikarita-yerekana amashusho yubaka (Disk Drill Advanced Camera Recovery, Treasure / Grau, cyangwa recover_mp4 + GoPro/Sony fragment stitcher) H.264 / H.265 (HEVC) Ibice bya NAL kandi PCM / AAC amajwi y'amajwi ya cluster.

Icyiciro cya 2: Gufunga ikarita no gukora bito-ya-forensic clone (.img)¶

Ntuzigere ureka Windows Explorer, MacOS Finder (mds_stores / Spotlight), Itara rya Adobe, cyangwa Ifoto Yumukanishi andika .DS_Store, .Spotlight-V100, System Volume Information, cyangwa .pmingest dosiye kurikarita ugerageza gutabara.

Intambwe ya 1: Koresha ibyuma na sisitemu-sisitemu yo kwandika kurinda¶

1. ** Kumurongo wuzuye SD / SDHC / Ikarita ya SDXC **: Fata ikarita ya SD hamwe na label ireba nawe hamwe na pin yo guhuza zahabu inyuma yerekana hejuru. Shakisha agace gato ka plastike kuruhande rwa ** ibumoso ** hanyuma uyisunike ** HANUKA ** (kure yinini ya zahabu) muri LOCK umwanya.
2. ** Kuri CFexpress Type A, CFexpress Type B, XQD, na microSD Ikarita (Nta Guhindura Ifatika) **:
3. ** Kuri macOS **: Mbere yo gushyiramo ikarita, fungura Terminal hanyuma witegure gukuramo sisitemu ya dosiye ako kanya (diskutil unmountDisk /dev/diskN) mugihe usize igikoresho kibisi (/dev/rdiskN) kuboneka kubisoma gusa.
4. ** Kuri Linux (Ubuntu / Fedora) **: Hagarika imashini ya desktop (gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.media-handling automount false) mbere yo gushyiramo ikarita.
5. ** Kuri Windows 10/11 **: Irinde gutanga ibaruwa yo gutwara cyangwa gufungura Explorer mugihe ushushanya disiki mbisi igaragara muri R-Ifoto cyangwa Disiki ya Disiki.

Intambwe ya 2: Kora bito-ya-shusho ya dosiye (wedding_card1.img) kuri SSD y'imbere¶

Mbere yo gukora software iyo ari yo yose yo kugarura, kora buri murenge (Sector 0 kugeza kumurenge wanyuma wikarita) murimwe .img dosiye kumurongo wihuta wa NVMe / SSD byibuze 1.5x Kuri 2x ubushobozi bwikarita kubuntu.

Ihitamo A: Gukoresha GNU ddrescue kuri macOS cyangwa Linux (Zahabu Zahabu)¶

1. Shyiramo ikarita ifunze muri USB 3.2 Gen 2 cyangwa umusomyi wikarita ya Thunderbolt.
2. Menya igikoresho kiranga ikarita yose (ntuzigere ugabana gusa):
3. ** Kuri macOS **: Kwiruka diskutil list gushaka ikarita yawe yo hanze (urugero, /dev/disk4), hanyuma uhite usohora ingano yacyo kugirango Finder na Spotlight idashobora kwandika .DS_Store: diskutil unmountDisk /dev/disk4.
4. ** Kuri Linux **: Koresha lsblk -o NAME,SIZE,MODEL,RO,FSTYPE,MOUNTPOINTS (urugero, /dev/sdc cyangwa /dev/nvme1n1 kubasomyi ba PCIe CFexpress) no gukuramo ibice byose: sudo umount /dev/sdc* 2>/dev/null.
5. Iruka ddrescue ukoresheje igikoresho kibisi cyibanze kuri macOS (/dev/rdisk4 aho /dev/disk4) cyangwa guhagarika igikoresho kuri Linux (/dev/sdc):

   # On macOS (install via: brew install ddrescue)
   sudo ddrescue -f -n -b 4096 /dev/rdisk4 ~/Desktop/wedding_card1.img ~/Desktop/wedding_card1.map
   
   # On Linux
   sudo ddrescue -f -n -b 4096 /dev/sdc ~/wedding_card1.img ~/wedding_card1.map
   

   Kuri gigabyte 128 UHS-II SDXC ikarita (280 MB/s) cyangwa CFexpress Type B ikarita (1,500 MB/s), iyi backup yuzuye irangira muri ** iminota 2 kugeza kuminota 8 **. Rimwe ddrescue raporo 100% rescued, gusohora ikarita yumubiri hanyuma uyisubize mubibazo byayo. Kora 100 ku ijana by'imirimo yawe yo gukira kuri wedding_card1.img.

Ihitamo B: Gukora amashusho yinyuma ya byte-kuri-byte kuri Windows (Ubuntu GUI)¶

1. Kuramo ** R-Ifoto ** (na R-Ibikoresho Byikoranabuhanga, kubuntu kumafoto / kugarura amashusho), ** Imyitozo ya Disiki **, cyangwa ** DMDE **.
2. Muri ** R-Ifoto **, kanda iburyo-igikoresho cyikarita ya SD / CFexpress (128 GB Generic Storage Device, si i E: kugabana) hanyuma uhitemo ** Kurema Ishusho ** -> ** Byte-to-byte ishusho (.dsk / .img) **, kubika kuri SSD y'imbere.
3. Muri ** Disiki ya Disiki **, kanda ** Byte-to-byte Backup ** kuruhande rwibumoso, hitamo ikarita, hanyuma ubike .img dosiye kuri SSD y'imbere.

Intambwe ya 3: Kora Hex ya 5-isegonda (Did the camera zero my NAND flash with CMD38 / TRIM?)¶

Reba niba wedding_card1.img ikubiyemo ishusho ifatika yamakuru arenze megabayiti 100 yambere (aho ubusa exFAT imbonerahamwe ibaho):

hexdump -C -s 104857600 ~/Desktop/wedding_card1.img | head -n 40

Icyiciro cya 3: Kugarura dosiye zasibwe nifoto ya RAW yakozwe (PhotoRec, TestDisk, R-Photo)¶

Hitamo uburyo bwo kugarura ukurikije ibyabaye ku ikarita:

Urugero rwa 1: Wakubise impanuka "Gusiba" cyangwa "Gusiba Amashusho Yose" (Ntabwo wigeze ukora ikarita)¶

Iyo usibye amafoto muri-kamera utabanje kuyikora ,. exFAT cyangwa FAT32 imbonerahamwe yo kugabura hamwe nububiko byinjira biracyari byiza cyane: kamera ihindura byte yambere ya buri dosiye yububiko bwa dosiye (0x85 dosiye yinjira exFAT Byahinduwe Kuri 0x05 Ikimenyetso kidakoreshwa, cyangwa 0xE5 in FAT32). 1. Fungura wedding_card1.img muri ** TestDisk **, ** DMDE **, ** R-Ifoto **, cyangwa ** Imyitozo ya Disiki **:

# Using TestDisk on macOS / Linux / Windows:
testdisk ~/Desktop/wedding_card1.img

Urugero rwa 2: Wahinduye ikarita muri kamera (Quick / Standard Format) kandi ukeneye amafoto ya RAW & JPEG¶

Iyo ikarita ikozwe muri kamera ,. exFAT Ububiko (DCIM/100EOS5D) hamwe na Cluster Allocation Bitmap zeru. Bisanzwe Undelete Kugaragaza Ububiko. Ugomba gukoresha ** Gukora umukono (Gukora File Raw) **, yirengagije sisitemu yahanaguwe burundu kandi igasuzuma buri murenge wa wedding_card1.img kuri binary imitwe nyayo na footer ya kamera yawe ya RAW:

Intambwe ku yindi RAW Ifoto Ifoto hamwe PhotoRec (Ubuntu, Gufungura-Inkomoko, Kwambukiranya)¶

1. Kora ububiko bwububiko busohoka kuri disiki ifite umwanya wubusa:

   mkdir -p ~/Desktop/Recovered_Wedding_Photos
   

2. Gutangiza PhotoRec yerekeje kuri dosiye yawe yishusho:

   photorec ~/Desktop/wedding_card1.img
   

3. Hindura PhotoRec ku muvuduko ntarengwa kandi wuzuye:
4. Hitamo wedding_card1.img -> [Proceed].
5. Shyira ahagaragara [File Opt] hepfo mbere yo gutangira scan: kanda s kugirango uhagarike ibiro 300 bidasobanutse / ububiko bwa dosiye, hanyuma ushoboze ** gusa ** [x] jpg, **[x] tif (igifuniko .ARW, .NEF, .CR2, .DNG) **, **[x] cr3 (mov/mp4/crx) **, na [x] raf. Kanda b kubika igenamiterere.
6. Hitamo ibice (cyangwa Whole disk), hitamo **[Other] (FAT/NTFS/exFAT/HFS+) **, hitamo [Whole] (sikana ibice byose, ntabwo ari umwanya utagabanijwe gusa, kuva ikarita yashizweho), hanyuma uhitemo -/Desktop/Recovered_Wedding_Photos ukanda C.

Icyiciro cya 4: Kugarura imiterere cyangwa ibice 4K / 8K .MP4 na .MOV videwo y'ubukwe¶

Niba warashizeho ikarita irimo amashusho ya ** ** (.MP4, .MOV, .CRM, .BRAW) uhereye kuri Sony FX3 / a7S III, Canon R5C / C70, Panasonic GH6 / S5II, DJI Drone, cyangwa GoPro, uzahita ubona ikibazo hamwe nabashoferi basanzwe nka PhotoRec: - Yabajwe .mp4 amadosiye yaba ** adakinishwa (0 seconds igihe) ** cyangwa gukina amasegonda 2 hanyuma uhagarike. - Kubera iki? Kubera impamvu ebyiri: 1. ** Guhuza porokisi / amajwi / telemetrie cluster **: Nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo kiri mu cyiciro cya 1, kamera zandika imigezi ibiri (Main 4K + Sub Proxy cyangwa .XML sidecars) ubundi buryo bwo guhuza amakarita. 2. ** Bitandukanye ftyp / mdat / moov atom **: Ibigezweho .MP4 na .MOV kontineri ishyira videwo mbisi / amajwi yimbere imbere mu gihangange mdat atom hanyuma wandike imbonerahamwe (moov atom) kumpera yanyuma yo gufata amajwi. Niba mdat na moov atome yatandukanijwe mumasoko adahuza amakarita, umukarani wumurongo ubigabanyamo amadosiye abiri yamenetse.

Nigute ushobora kongera gukora amashusho yerekana amashusho¶

1. ** Koresha Igice-Kumenya Kamera Video Carver (Disk Drill 5+ Advanced Camera Recovery cyangwa SanDisk RescuePRO Deluxe) **: Bitandukanye na dosiye isanzwe isoma cluster kumurongo, kamera igezweho yo kugarura modules scan wedding_card1.img kuri buri wese mdat Igice cya videwo na moov imbonerahamwe yerekana, menya kamera ya kamera ihuza intambwe (urugero, Sony XAVC-S / XAVC-HS, Canon XF-AVC / MP4, GoPro Chaptered MP4, DJI Drone MP4). .MP4.
2. ** Niba ikozwe .MP4 cyangwa .MOV dosiye ifite ubunini bwuzuye (e.g., 4.2 GB) kuri disiki ariko yanga gufungura muri Premiere Pro, DaVinci Gukemura, cyangwa VLC (moov atom not found) **: Amakuru ya videwo (mdat) yashushanyijeho neza, ariko i moov indangantego Umutwe kumpera ya clip yabuze cyangwa yandikiwe mugihe cyimiterere. Urashobora kongera kubaka ibishya moov atom mumasegonda 30 mugutanga ** akazi .MP4 dosiye ** yarashe kuri kamera imwe ifite ibyemezo bimwe, ikora, na codec ukoresheje untrunc cyangwa recover_mp4:

   # Using untrunc with a working sample video from the same camera body:
   untrunc /path/to/working_reference_from_same_camera.MP4 /path/to/carved_unplayable_clip.mp4
   

   Kuburyo bwuzuye intambwe-ku-ntambwe amabwiriza yo kugenda yubaka kubura moov atom na mdat Imitwe hamwe recover_mp4 na ffmpeg, kurikira abavandimwe bacu bayobora: Kamera RAW video MP4 na MOV dosiye itarangiye nyuma yurupfu rwa bateri cyangwa impanuka: gusana umutwe wa atom.

Icyiciro cya 5: Gukosora "Card Cannot Be Accessed / Format Card" NTA format¶

Byagenda bite niba warakoze ** utari ** gushiraho ikarita, hanyuma kamera yawe cyangwa mudasobwa igendanwa igahita igaragara Card Cannot Be Accessed. Reinsert/Change the Card or Format Card with Camera (Canon Err 02, Sony Unable to read memory card, Windows RAW Partition)?

1. ** Banza urebe ibipapuro byerekana zahabu hamwe numusomyi wamakarita **: Sukura amakariso ya zahabu kurikarita ya SD cyangwa CFexpress witonze ukoresheje umwenda wa microfiber utagira linti wuzuyeho igitonyanga gito cya 99% inzoga ya isopropyl (ntuzigere uhumeka umwuka mubi ahantu CFexpress). Gerageza mugice cya kabiri cyiza-cyiza cyo gusoma ikarita ya USB.
2. ** Shushanya ikarita hamwe ddrescue ako kanya (Icyiciro cya 2) **. Nubwo ibice bigenda nka RAW (Unformatted) mu micungire ya Disiki ya Windows, ddrescue Gukoporora imirenge mbisi munsi ya dosiye yububiko.
3. ** Kugarura ibikubiyemo exFAT Inzego za Boot hamwe na TestDisk (kuri kopi ya wedding_card1.img) **: Buri exFAT ikarita ikomeza umurego wa ** Backup Boot Segiteri ** kuri Sector 12 iburyo inyuma yumurenge mukuru wa Boot kuri Sector 0. Niba amashanyarazi ahamye cyangwa gukuramo ikarita mugihe itukura LED itukura ryangiritse Sector 0, ikarita yose igaragara "idahinduwe" nubwo 100 ku ijana byubuyobozi bwibiti bitameze neza:

   cp ~/Desktop/wedding_card1.img ~/Desktop/wedding_card1_workcopy.img
   testdisk ~/Desktop/wedding_card1_workcopy.img
   # Select: [Proceed] -> [Intel] -> [Advanced] -> Select Partition -> [Boot] -> [Backup BS]
   

   Gukoporora Umurenge wa Boot Umurenge hejuru ya Bote Nkuru yangiritse kuri wedding_card1_workcopy.img Akenshi DCIM Ububiko ako kanya hamwe 100 ku ijana byamazina yawe yumwimerere nububiko.

Icyiciro cya 6: Ubukwe nubucuruzi bwo kurasa ikarita yibuka ikarita yumutekano¶

Umaze gutabara amafuti hanyuma ukabika dosiye zagaruwe byibuze kuri drives ebyiri zitandukanye, shyira mubikorwa amategeko yimyitozo yumurima:

• ** Kurasa Ikarita-Ikarita Yibitse (Simultaneous / Relay Redundancy: Slot 1 + Slot 2) kuri buri mukoro uhembwa **: Shiraho ibice byombi kugirango wandike icyarimwe cyuzuye-cyuzuye RAW (hamwe na videwo ebyiri-imwe icyarimwe aho ishyigikiwe).
• ** Ntuzigere usiba amafoto kugiti cye muri kamera mugihe cyo kurasa **: Gusiba amafoto amwe mabi hagati yo gukubita uduce duto duto twa cluster yambukiranya exFAT bitmap, guhatira kamera gucamo ibice bya RAW cyangwa 4K ya videwo nyuma ya cluster idahuza. Rindira gushika mu mucyo cyangwa Gufata Umwe kugirango yice.
• ** Gumana ikarito yikarita "Yerekanwe / Yuzuye" itandukanye nu gikapo cyawe cya "Blank" ** LOCK hindura ako kanya ukuye kuri kamera.
• ** Fata amakarita muri kamera GUSA mugitangira umushinga mushya nyuma yo kugenzura amafuti yabanjirije atambutsa itegeko ryo gusubira inyuma 3-2-1 **: Ntuzigere uhindura ikarita kugeza igihe ishoti ryabanjirije ryicaye kuri SSD yawe ikora, NAS / RAID yaho, hamwe no gusubiza hanze (kubika mudasobwa hamwe na 3-2-1 ingamba).

Inomero zihutirwa zo mukarere hamwe na protocole yikigo¶

Itangazamakuru ryatakaye cyangwa ryangiritse ririmo amashusho ya dashcam / umubiri wagonganye, aho ibyaha byakorewe, cyangwa inyandiko zemewe n'amategeko bitera protocole yihutirwa kandi yemewe n'amategeko:

• ** Amerika na Kanada **: Hamagara 911 kubuvuzi ubwo aribwo bwose, umuriro, cyangwa abapolisi aho dashcam, drone, cyangwa amashusho ya kamera bifata ikintu gikomeye. Niba ikarita yo kwibuka irimo ibimenyetso byinshinjabyaha, funga ikarita, uyishyire mu ibahasha yanditseho ibimenyetso, hanyuma uyishyikirize abashinzwe umutekano kugirango babungabunge Urunigi rw’imfungwa (NIST SP 800-86).
• ** Ubwongereza **: Hamagara 999 kubapolisi byihutirwa, umuriro, cyangwa gutabara imbangukiragutabara, cyangwa 101 kubimenyetso bya polisi byihutirwa gutanga ibimenyetso (nka ** National Dash Cam Umutekano Urubuga **). Kurikiza ** NPCC Digital Forensics ** amabwiriza yo kubika ikarita yumwimerere idakozweho.
• ** Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’i Burayi **: Hamagara 112 mu bihugu byose bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi kubera abapolisi cyangwa ibyihutirwa by’ubuvuzi. Icyitonderwa GDPR Ingingo ya 32 inshingano zumutekano nubunyangamugayo kumafoto yabakiriya.
• ** Australiya na Nouvelle-Zélande **: Hamagara 000 muri Ositaraliya cyangwa 111 muri Nouvelle-Zélande kugirango batabare.
• ** Ubuhinde na Aziya-Pasifika **: Hamagara 112 mu Buhinde; uzigame ibikoresho byumwimerere bya elegitoroniki ubitse neza munsi ya ** Igice cya 63 cya Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA) ** kugirango yemererwe.

Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa¶

Bite ho niba ari hexdump cheque yerekanye byose 00 00 cyangwa FF FF zeru kubera ko nashizeho ikarita ya Sony cyangwa nkagenzura "Imiterere yo mu rwego rwo hasi" kuri Canon?¶

Niba wahagaritse ikarita ako kanya ukaba utayiretse ikora, laboratoire yihariye irashobora kugarura. Iyo kamera yohereje CMD38 (SD_ERASE) cyangwa NVMe Deallocate (TRIM), microcontroller yikarita ikuraho uburyo bwumvikana-bwumubiri bwa Flash Translation Layeri (FTL) imbonerahamwe rero abasomyi ba USB bakira zeru ako kanya, mugihe ibice bya NAND bitegereje gusiba inyuma. NAND flash yo kugarura laboratoire (`PC-3000 Flash`) irashobora gusenya chip ya NAND cyangwa guhuza na monolith pinout, kurenga umugenzuzi, guta impapuro za NAND mbisi, no kongera kubaka ameza ya FTL mbere yuko gusiba kumubiri kurangira.

Nigute nshobora gutondeka no guhindura izina 4000 dosiye zitiriwe ()f1234567.cr3, f1234568.tif) byakozwe na PhotoRec?¶

Buri kamera kamera RAW na JPEG ikubiyemo igihe nyacyo cyo gufata igihe, moderi ya kamera, hamwe na lens imbere Umutwe wa EXIF. Shyiramo `ExifTool` hanyuma ukoreshe itegeko rimwe kugirango ushushanye dosiye zose zibajwe mububiko bwigihe hanyuma uhindure izina ukoresheje igihe cyo gufata: `exiftool -r '-FileName ### Kuki? `PhotoRec` cyangwa `Disk Drill` gukira `240 GB` ya dosiye kuva a `128 GB` Ikarita ya SD?

Keretse niba ikarita yashizwemo zeru na Format yo hasi, a `128 GB` ikarita ifata ubukwe bwuyu munsi `60 GB` ya cluster wongeyeho cluster isigaye uhereye kumashoti 2 cyangwa 3 yabanjirije hejuru `68 GB`, hamwe na JPEG yashyizwemo ibice byakuwe hamwe na buri dosiye ya RAW. Umaze gukora ExifTool itariki-itondekanya itegeko hejuru, amafoto yose kuva kurasa uyumunsi neza neza imbere yuyu munsi `YYYY-MM-DD` Ububiko.

Yego. Rimwe a CFexpress Ubwoko A. cyangwa CFexpress Ubwoko B. ikarita yinjijwe muri USB 3.2 cyangwa Thunderbolt CFexpress umusomyi, sisitemu y'imikorere irabigaragaza nkigikoresho gisanzwe cyo kubika NVMe cyahagaritswe hamwe na exFAT. Ibikoresho byose bisanzwe byerekana amashusho nibikoresho byo kubaza (ddrescue, Ifoto, R-Ifoto, Imyitozo ya Disiki) kora kimwe ku makarita ya CFexpress, mugihe kamera itatanze NVMe Gutanga (TRIM) itegeko mugihe cyo gukora.

Kamera zitanga cluster kumarita mashya yashizweho bikurikiranye uhereye mugitangira amakuru yikirundo (`Cluster 2` imbere). Niba amafuti yawe yabanjirije `60 GB` (`2,000 RAW photos`) hanyuma uhindura ikarita ukarasa `1.5 GB` (`30 new RAW photos`), gusa uwambere `1.5 GB` yo kurasa kera (`50 old photos`) yaranditswe, mugihe asigaye `58.5 GB` (`1,950 old photos`) kwicara hejuru ya 1.5 GB bikomeza kuba ijana ku ijana kandi birashobora kugarurwa ukoresheje umukono.

Kuri iracyafotora RAW / JPEG, gukurura bateri mugihe buffer irimo kugenda mubisanzwe itakaza gusa amafoto 1 kugeza kuri 5 akiri muri RAM ihindagurika, cyangwa yangiza gato `exFAT` bitmap (niyihe `PhotoRec` cyangwa `TestDisk` bypasses). Kuri gufata amashusho (`.MP4` / `.MOV`), gukurura bateri hagati-gufata amajwi bisiga dosiye ya videwo idakinishwa kuko finale `moov` indangagaciro atom ntabwo yigeze yandikwa; reba ibyacu [kamera idasobanutse MP4 / MOV ubuyobozi bwo gusana amashusho](camera-raw-video-mp4-mov-unfinalized-file-after-battery-death-or-crash-atom-header-repair.md) kubaka uwo mutwe.