Meteotsunamis: Umuhengeri-Umurongo Wumuvuduko hamwe nicyambu gitunguranye cyangwa ibiyaga bigari¶

Iyo abantu bumvise ijambo tsunami, hafi buri gihe batekereza umutingito wo mu nyanja cyangwa iruka ryibirunga mu nyanja ndende. Nyamara, meteotsunami ** (tsunami ya meteorologiya) nuruhererekane rwangiza kimwe rwamazi maremare yamazi yatewe nigihe cyose nikirere, cyane cyane kumirongo yihuta yihuta, derechos, imiraba yikirere yikirere, cyangwa umuvuduko ukabije wa barometrike usimbuka hejuru y'amazi maremare. Iyo umuvuduko wimbere w’imihindagurikire y’ikirere uhuye n’umuvuduko usanzwe w’amazi y’amazi y’ikiyaga cyangwa ku mugabane w’umugabane (uburyo bwo kongera imbaraga ku mubiri buzwi ku izina rya ** Proudman resonance **), agace gato kambere k’inyanja kangana na santimetero 3 kugeza kuri 5 (santimetero 1 kugeza kuri 2) karashobora kwongerera inshuro icumi ku nkombe z’amazi, ku cyambu cya metero 6 kugera kuri metero 6 kugera kuri metero 6. Kuberako meteotsunamis ikunze gukubita iminota 30 kugeza kuri 120 ** nyuma ya ** inkuba yo mu mpeshyi imaze kurenga kandi ikirere cyarasukuye, abajya ku mucanga, abambuzi ba pir, hamwe nubwato bafatwa neza. Niba umuntu yajugunywe mumazi cyangwa aguye mu mutego wo ku nkombe, hamagara aho utuye nimero yihutirwa ako kanya hanyuma ubaze abatuyobora seiche imiraba hamwe na tsunami yikiyaga, tsunami, gutemba imigezi n'amazi yo mu nyanja byihutirwa, na kurohama ubufasha bwambere.

Kora ubu¶

1. ** Kwimura ibice, kumeneka, jetties, hamwe ninyanja ntoya ako kanya niba amazi agabanutse cyangwa akazamuka vuba **: Niba ubonye urwego rwamazi kuruhande rwikiyaga, icyambu, cyangwa ikigobe cyagabanutseho metero 0,5 kugeza kuri metero 2 (metero 1.5 kugeza kuri 6.5) muminota mike, ugashyira ibyondo byicyambu, urutare, cyangwa amafi, cyangwa niba umuyaga mwinshi uba uri hejuru ya metero 6 hejuru ya metero ** hejuru ya metero ** na ** metero 100 (metero 330) ** imbere.
2. ** Ntuzigere usohoka mumazi ya beto, jetties, cyangwa imitwe ya pir mugihe cyangwa mumasaha 3 nyuma yumurongo wihuta wihuta cyangwa derecho **: Nubwo imvura yaba ihagaze nizuba ryagarutse, imiraba yumuvuduko wikirere ugaragaza hakurya yibiyaga bigari, Ikigobe cya Mexico, cyangwa ibigega byinyanja bikomeza kubyara meteotsunami iteye ubwoba kandi ikanyura mumasaha 2 kugeza 4. (Gulf of Mexico)
3. ** Abandon yahagaritse ubwato mumiyoboro migufi niba itangiye ryihuta ritangiye **: Iyo meteotsunami ikubise icyambu cya marina cyangwa V (nka Mediterranean * rissaga * cyangwa ibiyaga bigari byiyongera), amazi aratemba kandi yuzuza buri minota 5 kugeza kuri 20 kumuvuduko uriho ubuvumo bwa ** 10 kugeza kuri 25 (umurongo wa 18 kugeza 46 km). Kura icyuzi kireremba hanyuma ujye ahantu hahanamye cyane.
4. ** Imiyoboro iyobora igenda mu mazi maremare, yuguruye (byibuze metero 20 kugeza 30 / metero 65 kugeza kuri metero 100 zubujyakuzimu) niba ifite umutekano wumuyaga winkuba **: Mu mazi afunguye, yimbitse, meteotsunami ni hafi kubyumva, byoroheje byabyimbye bitarenze santimetero 20 kugeza kuri 40 (santimetero 8 kugeza kuri 16); ihinduka gusa urukuta rw'amazi rusenyuka, rufata ubwato iyo rujugunye mu nyanja ntoya, umusenyi, no ku cyambu kigufi.
5. ** Witondere imigezi yica, ihita ishwanyagurika ku mucanga no ku mucanga nyuma yumuraba wa meteotsunami **: Iyo meteotsunami ya metero 1 kugeza kuri 3 (metero 3 kugeza kuri 10) meteotsunami yihuta hejuru yinyanja yumusenyi hanyuma ikongera ikagaruka mukiyaga cyangwa inyanja muminota 5, ikora imigezi yimbitse ikanyura kumugezi wamazi utemba kumugezi wa **. amasegonda.
6. ** Guma ahantu hirengeye byibuze amasaha 2 kugeza kuri 3 **: Kimwe na tsunami ya seisimike, meteotsunami ni gari ya moshi ya ** (urukurikirane rw'ibinyeganyega 3 kugeza 10 bitandukanya iminota 10 kugeza 30) bikunze gushiraho icyambu cya reicant. Umuhengeri wa gatatu, uwa kane, cyangwa uwa gatanu ni muremure kandi ni urugomo kuruta umuraba wa mbere.

Igiti cyemezo: Kumenyekanisha Meteotsunami no kubaho kumazi¶

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    Trigger["Kwihuta-Kwihuta Kumurongo, Derecho, cyangwa Umuvuduko Gusimbuka Kwambuka Ikiyaga / Shelf Yinyanja CYANGWA Guhinduka Urwego Rwamazi rutunguranye"] --> Location{"Uherereye he?"}
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    WaterCheck -->|"Oya, Umurongo wohejuru wanyuze gusa"| StayOffPier["Guma Kuruhuka, Jetties, na Sandbars Amasaha 3; Reba Kumashanyarazi"]
    Location -->|"Imbere ya Marina cyangwa Ku bwato bwa Dock"| MarinaAction["Ntugerageze kuzigama imirongo ya Mooring mugihe cyo kubaga; Sohoka Kureremba Kureremba Kuri Ahantu hirengeye Ako kanya"]
    Location -->|"Aboard Ubwato Bugenda Hafi yinkombe"| DepthCheck{"Ese Inkuba / Gales Hejuru Hejuru?"}
    DepthCheck -->|"Oya, Ijuru risobanutse / Umutekano wo kuyobora"| HeadDeep["Moteri Isohora Amazi Yimbitse (> 20 kugeza 30 m / 65 kugeza 100 ft); Irinde Inzira Nini"]
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Fizika nubumenyi bwikirere: Uburyo umuvuduko wumwuka utera tsunami nta mutingito¶

Meteotsunami ifite uburebure buringaniye bwumubiri, igihe cyumuraba (iminota 2 kugeza kumasaha 2), hamwe nimyitwarire yo gutombora ku nkombe nka tsunami yatewe na nyamugigima, niyo mpamvu igipimo cyamazi cyandika ibintu byombi nkibimenyetso bisa. Ariko rero, aho guterwa no kwimuka guhagaritse kwinyanja, meteotsunami yavutse kuri ** ibyiciro bine byiciro byinshi-resonant caskade ** hagati yikirere ninkingi yamazi.

Icyiciro cya 1: Imbarutso yo mu kirere (Umuvuduko wa Barometrici gusimbuka n'umuyaga)¶

Sisitemu yikirere yihuta cyane, harimo ** derechos **, ** imirongo ya squall **, ** ibice byimbere **, ** sisitemu ya convective ya mesoscale (MCS) **, kandi yumye ** ikirere gikurura ikirere ** (ducted internal gravity waves), gutanga umusaruro utyaye, waho murwego rwo hejuru rwikirere ()delta-P.

• Ingaruka ya ** ihindagurika ya barometero ** yonyine, buri ** 1 hectopascal (milibar 1) ** ihinduka ryumuvuduko wumwuka wangiza cyangwa ukazamura hejuru y’amazi munsi ya santimetero ** (santimetero 0.4) **.
• Kubwibyo, umurongo ukabije ufite izuru rya milibari 5 zamazuru ubanza gukora umuyaga woroheje winyanja hejuru ya santimetero 5 gusa (santimetero 2) ** z'uburebure. Iyo usize udafite resonance mu nyanja ndende, iyi santimetero 5 ya santimetero yatambuka rwose.

Icyiciro cya 2: Amazi yongerewe amazi (Proudman Resonance na Greenspan Resonance)¶

Uwo muhengeri muto wa santimetero 5 ukura mu nyanja iteje akaga iyo ihungabana ry’ikirere rinyuze mu kibaya cy’ikiyaga cyangwa ku mugabane wa Afurika ku muvuduko wa ** (U) ** nk'umuvuduko usanzwe wo gukwirakwiza umuvuduko ukabije w'amazi (c):

• ** Amazi yihuta yumuvuduko wamazi **: c = sqrt(g * h), aho g ni umuvuduko ukabije (9.81 m/s2) na h ni ubujyakuzimu bw'amazi muri metero.
• ** Ishema ry'Ishema (U = c) * (Gulf of Mexico) c ni hagati ya ** 14 na 31 kumasegonda (50 kugeza 112 km / h cyangwa 31 kugeza 70 mph) **.
• Kubera ko imirongo yo mu cyi hamwe na derechos isanzwe yiruka imbere kuri ** 50 kugeza 110 km / h (31 kugeza 68hh) **, umuyaga wumuyaga wa barometrike ukomeza gufungwa hejuru yumuraba wamazi yaremye (Froude number Fr = U / c hafi 1.0). Ibirometero nyuma y'ibirometero byambukiranya ikiyaga cyangwa ikigega, umuyaga uhora ushyira ingufu mumugezi wamazi yimuka, byongerera umuvuduko wa santimetero 5 ukoresheje ** inshuro 5 kugeza kuri 15 ** muri metero ** 0.5 kugeza kuri 1.0 (metero 1.5 kugeza kuri 3.3-metero) ** umuyaga muremure wa tsunami mumazi maremare.
• ** Greenspan Resonance **: Iyo umuyaga ugenda ugereranije kuruhande rwinyanja, imivumba yumusozi yafatiwe kumugabane wumugabane uhanamye irashobora kandi kumvikana no gusimbuka umuvuduko ukabije, byongera umuraba kuruhande.

Icyiciro cya 3: Shoaling yo ku nkombe hamwe nicyambu cya Helmholtz resonance¶

Iyo uwo muhengeri wa metero 0,5 kugeza kuri 1.0 winjiye mumazi maremare yinyanja, ugakubita amazi yamenetse, cyangwa umuyoboro mugace kagufi, gafite ishusho ya V, kwinjira, cyangwa icyambu igihe cyo guhungabana gisanzwe gihuye nigihe cyizuba cyinjira (mubisanzwe ** iminota 5 kugeza kuri 40 ), ** icyambu cya resonance ().Helmholtz resonance.

Kugereranya: Meteotsunamis na Seismic Tsunamis na Surge Surge na Seiches¶

Hotspots kwisi yose namazina yaho ya meteotsunamis¶

Kuberako Proudman resonance hamwe no kongera ibyambu biterwa nubujyakuzimu bwamazi (metero 20 kugeza 100) zifatanije numurongo wihuta wihuta cyangwa imirongo yikwirakwiza yikirere, imibiri imwe nimwe yamazi ihura na meteotsunamis yangiza inshuro nyinshi, aho abaturage baho babahaye amazina atandukanye gakondo mubinyejana byinshi:

1. ** Ibiyaga Bigari byo muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru (ibiyaga bya Michigan, Erie, Huron, Ikirenga, na Ontario) **:
2. Kubyara ** meteotsunamis zirenga 100 zapimwe kumwaka ** (cyane cyane mu mpeshyi nimpeshyi hagati ya Mata na Nyakanga), ibiyaga bigari nimwe mubice bya meteotsunami byambere kwisi.
3. ** Ikiyaga cya Michigan n'ikiyaga cya Erie ** ubujyakuzimu (ugereranije metero 19 / metero 62 mu kiyaga cya Erie; metero 30 kugeza kuri 85 mu majyepfo no hagati mu kiyaga cya Michigan) gihura neza na kilometero 60 na 100 km / h (37 kugeza 62 mph) umuvuduko wa derechos yo mu burengerazuba no hagati. Byongeye kandi, ibyambu bya beto byacitse hamwe na piers mumijyi nka ** Chicago, Milwaukee, Grand Haven, Ubuholandi, Ludington, Cleveland, na Buffalo ** byerekana kandi byibanda kumuraba.
4. ** Inyanja ya Mediterane na Adriatike (* Rissaga *, * Marrobbio *, * Milghuba *, * šćiga *) **:
5. ** Icyambu cya Ciutadella, Menorca (Ibirwa bya Balearique, Espanye) - * La Rissaga ***: Narrow, uburebure bwa kilometero 1 ya Ciutadella Inlet ifite igihe cyibanze cyiminota 10.5. Iyo imirasire yubushyuhe bwa afrika yimuka yerekeza mumajyaruguru yuburasirazuba hakurya ya Balearic kuri metero 25 kugeza kuri 30 m / s, zitera meteotsunamis catastrophique * metero 4 kugeza kuri 5 (metero 13 kugeza kuri 16.5) ** hejuru yicyuma cyuma hanyuma ikuzuza ikibuga cyumujyi muminota 10 (nko muri kamena 2006, mugihe ubwato bwa metero 4 bwarohamye cyangwa burohama hejuru yubwato 35).
6. ** Vela Luka na Stari Grad (Igikombe cya Adriatike ya Korowasiya) - * Šćiga ***: Ibirunga birebire bisa na feri yo mu birwa bya Dalmatiya bifite uburambe bugera kuri metero 6 (metero 19.7) ** meteotsunamis (nko muri Kamena 1978, Vela Luka, ikaba ari meteotsunami nini yanditswe mu mihanda).
7. ** Iburengerazuba bwa Sisile (* Marrobbio * / "Inyanja Yumusazi") na Malta (* Milghuba *) **: Ihungabana ritunguranye rya metero 1.5 kugeza kuri 3 ryatewe n'umuvuduko ukabije wa scirocco wambukiranya Umuyoboro wa Sisiliyani.
8. ** Ikigobe cya Mexico na Atlantike yo muri Amerika **: (Gulf of Mexico)
9. ** Ikigobe cyiburasirazuba bwa Mexico (Floride yuburengerazuba kuva Tampa Bay, Amazi meza, na Naples kugera muri Floride Panhandle) **: Imirongo yimbeho ikonje-imbeho hamwe nimvura yo mu turere dushyuha yo mu mpeshyi yiruka hejuru yubugari, ubutayu bw’iburengerazuba bwa Floride Shelf itanga metero ** 1,5 kugeza kuri 3,5 (metero 5 kugeza kuri 11 metero) ** meteotsunamis (nko ku kiyaga cya Daytona Beach cya metero 3,5) Harbour, Maine, na New Jersey byiyongereye ku nkombe za Kamena 2013). (Gulf of Mexico)
10. ** Inyanja y'Ubushinwa n'Ubuyapani (* Abiki *) na Nagasaki Bay **:
11. Muri ** Nagasaki Bay, mu Buyapani **, imvururu z’ikirere zambuka inyanja y’Ubushinwa zitanga metero zigera kuri ** 3 kugeza kuri 4.8 (metero 10 kugeza kuri 16)

Ibyapa biburira kandi byunvikana kumyanyanja, pir, cyangwa marina¶

Kuberako inkombe nyinshi zidafite sirena ya meteotsunami yikora, amaso yawe namatwi nuburyo bwambere bwibanze bwo kurokora ubuzima igihe cyose umurongo wumuyaga wihuta wambutse akarere kawe mumasaha 3 ashize:

1. Mu buryo butunguranye, bwihuse budasanzwe "umuhengeri muke" cyangwa amazi atemba¶

• Reba umurongo wamazi kumusenyi winyanja, gutwara marina, ubwato bwubwato, cyangwa amabuye ya pir.
• Niba urwego rwamazi rwaragabanutse cyane hejuru yiminota 2 kugeza kuminota ** **, rugaragaza ibishishwa bitose, ibyondo, amabuye, cyangwa amafi atemba mu biyaga bigari (bidafite umuvuduko ukabije w’inyenyeri) cyangwa bikamanuka vuba cyane kuruta umuvuduko w’amasaha 6 asanzwe, ** umuyoboro wa meteotsunami wageze **.
• Ikirere cya meteotsunami kizongera gusubira mu minota ** 3 kugeza kuri 15 ** ku muvuduko wihuse kuruta uko umuntu ashobora koga cyangwa koga. Ntuzigere usohoka kumusenyi uherutse kugaragara cyangwa icyondo ngo urebe ibishishwa cyangwa amafi yahagaze.

2. Guhindura imigezi yera mumazi yicyambu no mumigezi¶

• Reba umuyoboro muto winjira wa marina, icyambu, cyangwa uruzi rwinzuzi.
• Mugihe cya meteotsunami, umuyoboro uhinduka amazi yera yihuta cyane ** ihindura icyerekezo buri minota 5 kugeza kuri 20 **. Urashobora kubona umuyoboro wa marike buoys ukururwa mumazi yose ukurura imiyoboro 15 (28 km / h) yinjira cyangwa isohoka, iherekejwe nizuba ryizunguruka (eddies) hamwe n'ibireremba bireremba hejuru cyane kuruhande rwabo.

3. "Igicu Cyizunguruka" cyangwa Igicu cya Shelf gikurikirwa na barometric gutwi-pop¶

• Mbere cyangwa mugihe cyumuyaga, igicu kizinga cya horizontal cyangwa igicu cya arcus cyiruka hejuru y'amazi kuri 80+ km / h (50+ mph) iherekejwe no guhindukira gutunguranye kumuyaga uhuha kandi impinduka zigaragara ni moteri ya kirere isanzwe itanga umuyaga wa Proudman-resonant.
• Niba ufite barometero yo mu nyanja, porogaramu ya barometrike ya altimeter ya porogaramu, cyangwa ikirere cy’ikirere hafi y’inyanja, umuvuduko ukabije wa barometrike usimbuka kuri hegitopasike ya ** 2.5 kugeza 8.0 (milibari) mu minota itarenze 15 ** (bizwi na meteorologique nkizuru ryumuvuduko wa ** ** cyangwa ** microbaroms isimbuka **) ni umukono wibanze ko umurongo utemba cyangwa imbaraga zo mu kirere zifite umuvuduko uhagije.

Intambwe ku yindi ibikorwa byo kurokoka ukurikije ibintu¶

Urugero A: Urimo kugenda kuri beto yamenetse, pir, cyangwa jetty¶

1. ** Hindukira hanyuma wiruke werekeza ku mugabane wa ako kanya **: Amazi ya beto hamwe n’ibiti byo mu biyaga bigera kuri metero 200 kugeza kuri 800 (metero 650 kugeza kuri 2600) mu mazi niho hantu honyine hapfa abantu benshi muri meteotsunami. Iyo uburebure bwa metero 2 burenze icyuma kibase, ntakintu nakimwe gifata, kandi gukaraba kwambukiranya gukandagira abanyamaguru guhita binjira mumazi maremare ahana imbibi ninkuta zihagaritse cyangwa amabuye ya riprap aho amabuye yo kuzamuka bidashoboka.
2. ** Niba ufatiwe mumatara maremare ya pirire ndende n'amazi yamaze gutembera munzira **: Ntugerageze kunyura mumazi maremare yihuta yambukiranya urukuta rugufi, rutagira gari ya moshi. Uzamuke ujye kumurongo wubatswe wubatswe hejuru yumucyo, umunara wo kugendamo, cyangwa kuzamura ibyuma byuma hanyuma ukomere cyane kugeza igihe iminota 5 kugeza kuri 15 yikurikiranya igabanutse, hanyuma uhamagare 911/112/999 kugirango utabare inyanja.

Urugero B: Urimo koga cyangwa uzerera ku mucanga wumusenyi¶

1. ** Sohoka amazi ako kanya hanyuma uzamuke inyuma yumurongo wambere wibanze **: Ntugahagarike gupakira umutaka winyanja, gukonjesha, cyangwa igitambaro kumusenyi utose; kwiruka metero 1.5 birashobora gukandagira muri metero 50 (165 metero) yinyanja igororotse hanyuma ugakubita ibiti biremereye bikozwe mu biti hamwe na cooler mu maguru y’inzererezi.
2. ** Niba ifashwe gitunguranye meteotsunami isohoka rip current **:
3. ** Ntugerageze koga usubire ku nkombe uhanganye n’isohoka **: Umuyoboro wa meteotsunami utemba unyuze mu gice kinini kuruta umuyaga usanzwe wa rip, ariko uracyibanda kumuyoboro wimbitse.
4. ** Kureremba inyuma yawe kugirango ubungabunge ingufu kandi woga ugereranije ninkombe ** iyo intangiriro yambere yiminota 3 kugeza kuri 5 yikurikiranya, cyangwa ukandagira amazi hanyuma ukazunguza ukuboko hejuru hejuru mugihe utakamba ngo ubafashe kugirango abashinzwe ubuzima cyangwa ababa bahari bashobora guterera impeta cyangwa umuyoboro wabatabazi. Ongera usuzume ubuyobozi bwuzuye kuri gutemba imigezi n'amazi yo mu nyanja byihutirwa.

Urugero C: Urimo kuri marina cyangwa mubwato bwahagaritswe¶

1. ** Uva mu bwato hanyuma uhite uva ku kato kareremba ako kanya *: Mugihe cya metero 2 kugeza kuri 4 meteotsunami ( rissaga *), ubwato buzamurwa hejuru yurwego rwa pir hanyuma bukajugunywa hasi ku cyambu amazi amaze gutemba, mbere yo gukubitwa kuruhande n'urukuta rw'amazi 20 agaruka. Kugerageza guhindura imirongo yimvura cyangwa guhanagura ibiganza ukoresheje intoki hagati ya yacht yiyongereyeho toni 10 hamwe no gutobora beto bitera ibikomere byica bikabije ndetse no gucibwa nkuko ibice byacitse mubice bya fiberglass nka shrapnel.
2. ** Funga amashanyarazi yamashanyarazi kumasozi maremare niba ashobora kuboneka **: Kurohama cyangwa kurandura 120V / 240V marina inkombe zamashanyarazi mumiyaga yamazi meza bitera guhitana amashanyarazi yica ** (ESD) ** akaga hejuru yikibaya cya marina yose. Ntuzigere winjira mumazi muri marina yangiritse.

Inomero zihutirwa zo mukarere hamwe na protocole yikigo¶

Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa¶

Nigute inkuba ishobora guteza umuyaga wa tsunami nta mutingito?¶

Iyo umurongo ukaze cyane cyangwa derecho wiruka hejuru yikiyaga cyangwa mukigobe cyinyanja, gusimbuka gukabije kumuvuduko wumuyaga wa barometrike hamwe numuyaga mwinshi uhuha imbere yumuyaga usunika hejuru yamazi, bigatera umuraba muto kuri santimetero nke z'uburebure. Niba umuyaga ugenda utera imbere ku muvuduko nyawo umuraba usanzwe ugenda muri ubwo bujyakuzimu bw'amazi (ubusanzwe 50 km 110 / h mu mazi ya metero 20 kugeza 100), ingaruka z'umubiri zitwa Proudman resonance zibaho: umuyaga uguma ufunze neza hejuru yumuraba wamazi kandi ugahora ushyiramo ingufu muri kilometero icumi. Iyo uwo muhengeri ukabije wibasiye inyanja idakabije cyangwa umuyonga mu cyambu kigufi cya V, cyongera kugera kuri metero 2 kugeza kuri 6 tsunami imeze nka serwakira.

Kuki meteotsunami yakubise ku mucanga nyuma yisaha imwe umuyaga urangiye izuba riva?¶

Bitandukanye na chop isanzwe yumuyaga ihagarara nyuma yumuyaga umaze gupfa, meteotsunami numuhengeri muremure wigihe kinini ugenda unyura mubugari bwose bwikiyaga cyangwa kumugabane wumugabane kandi ukagaragaza (bounces) kuruhande rwinyanja cyangwa kumugezi wamazi. Mu biyaga bigari, umurongo utambutse wambukiranya iburengerazuba ugana iburasirazuba usunika umuraba wa meteotsunami ku nkombe y'iburasirazuba, hanyuma ugahita uva kuri bluff cyangwa akazu hanyuma ukagenda ugaruka ku nkombe y'iburengerazuba nyuma yiminota 60 kugeza kuri 120, ugera munsi yikirere cyuzuye, izuba ryinshi mugihe abajya ku mucanga batabiteze.

Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati ya meteotsunami na seiche ku biyaga bigari?¶

Byombi biterwa nikirere cyamazi arahinduka, ariko akora mugihe gitandukanye cyane nubunzani. Ikibaya cya seiche ni umuvuduko uhagaze, mugari wikiyaga uhagaze (nkamazi agenda atembera imbere mu bwogero bunini) yatewe namasaha yumuyaga uhuhuta umuyaga utwara amazi hejuru yikiyaga (nkikiyaga cya Erie); igihe cyacyo cyo kunyeganyega gifata amasaha 3 kugeza kuri 14 kuva mumazi maremare kugeza kumazi make. Meteotsunami ni gari ya moshi yegereye, yihuta cyane ikwirakwiza gari ya moshi ikururwa mu minota mike n'umuvuduko ukabije wa barometrike hamwe na Proudman resonance; urwego rwamazi ruzamuka kandi rugabanuka bikabije buri minota 5 kugeza 30 kandi yitwara nka tsunami yibiza ku nkombe.

Ibiyaga Bigari birashobora rwose kubyara tsunami iteje akaga?¶

Nibyo, abashakashatsi ba NOAA bandika meteotsunamis zirenga 100 hirya no hino mu biyaga bitanu buri mwaka, aho ikiyaga cya Michigan n’ikiyaga cya Erie gihura n’ibintu bikunze guteza akaga mu mpeshyi n’impeshyi (Mata na Nyakanga). Meteotsunamis nyinshi z’amateka y’ibiyaga bigari zigeze kuri metero 2 kugeza kuri 3+ (metero 6.5 kugeza 10+) z'uburebure, nko ku ya 26 Kamena 1954 meteotsunami yo mu kiyaga cya Chicago cya Michigan cyahitanye abantu barindwi, ikiyaga cya Erie cyo muri Gicurasi 1942, hamwe n’ibintu byinshi bigezweho byahinduye amato muri marine no gutwara aboga mu migezi yica umusenyi.

Nakora iki niba ndi mubwato mugihe meteotsunami iburira cyangwa amazi atunguranye bibaye?¶

Igikorwa cyawe giterwa rwose nuburyo ubwato bwawe bwahagaritswe ku cyambu cyangwa bumaze gukorwa mumazi afunguye. Niba ubwato bwawe buhambiriye ku kivuko cyangwa kuri marina hanyuma amazi agatangira gukama cyangwa kwiyongera, ntugerageze guhindura imirongo cyangwa kuguma mu bwato; kureka ubwato hanyuma ugende hejuru yubwato bureremba hejuru yubutaka bukomeye ako kanya mbere yuko imiyoboro 20-ipfundikanya imenagura hamwe. Niba usanzwe uri hejuru y'amazi n'umuyaga w'inkuba wararenganye, moteri itumbereye ku nkombe igana mu mazi maremare (byibuze metero 20 kugeza 30 / metero 65 kugeza kuri metero 100 z'uburebure), aho umuraba wa meteotsunami uzanyura nta nkomyi munsi yigitereko cyawe nkikibyimba cyoroheje, kigaragara.

Meteotsunami imara igihe kingana iki iyo umuraba wa mbere ugeze?¶

Meteotsunami ntabwo ari umuraba numwe; igera nka gari ya moshi yumurambararo wa 3 kugeza 10+ ihindagurika hagati yiminota 5 kugeza 30, kandi iyo imaze kwinjira ku cyambu gifunze cyangwa ku kayaga ikunze gushiraho icyambu cya resonant cyihuta cyane kandi kigaruka inyuma yamasaha 2 kugeza kuri 4. Kenshi na kenshi, ikimenyetso cya mbere nigikorwa cyihuta (tide yo hasi), naho icyagatatu cyangwa icya kane cyikirenga kiri hejuru cyane kuruta icya mbere. Buri gihe ujye kure yinyanja, pir, hamwe nubwato bureremba byibuze amasaha 2 kugeza kuri 3 nyuma yurwego rwamazi ruhagaritse kunyeganyega.

Kuyobora¶

• Seiche imiraba, tsunami yikiyaga, hamwe nicyambu cya resonance
• Tsunami: kuburira umutingito, ibimenyetso karemano, no kwimuka guhagaritse
• Derechos, umuyaga ugororotse umuyaga, hamwe n'umuheto-echo kubaho
• Imigezi ikurura, inkweto za siporo, hamwe n’amazi yo mu nyanja byihutirwa
• Kurohama gutabara, kuzura, hamwe no kuribwa kwa kabiri

Inkomoko nubuyobozi¶

• ** Ikigo cy’igihugu cy’inyanja n’ikirere (NOAA) - Laboratoire y’ubushakashatsi ku bidukikije mu biyaga bigari (GLERL) & Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe ikirere (Amerika): ** * Meteotsunamis mu biyaga bigari no muri Amerika y’iburasirazuba / Ikigobe cy’inyanja: Proudman Resonance Physics, Detection, and Safety Hazard Safety *.
• ** Umuryango w’ubumenyi bw’ikirere ku isi (WMO) & Komisiyo ihuriweho na guverinoma ishinzwe inyanja ya UNESCO (IOC-UNESCO): **
• ** Agencia Estatal de Meteorología (AEMET) & Ibirwa bya Balearic Sisitemu yo Kwitegereza no Guteganya (SOCIB, Espanye): **
• ** Reta zunzubumwe za Reta zunzubumwe za Amerika (USGS) & Centre Hazards Centre: ** * Kugereranya Tsunami ya Seismic na Meteotsunamis ya Atmospheric Meteotsunamis mubidukikije hamwe na Lacustrine Ibidukikije *.
• ** Serivise ya Meteorologiya na Hydrologiya (DHMZ) & Institute of Oceanography and Fishingies (Korowasiya): ** * Meteotsunami yo mu nyanja ya Adriatike (Šćiga) Isesengura ry’ibyago hamwe na sisitemu yo kuburira hakiri kare *.