Inkubi y'umuyaga ya Catastrophique Glaze: Isenyuka ry'umunara wo gusenyuka, kugwa kw'ibiti by'ibiti, hamwe na Gride y'ibyumweru byinshi¶

Mugihe imvura y'amahindu ita santimetero 60 (santimetero 24) za shelegi yifu irashobora guhingwa mumihanda mugihe cyamasaha 24, imvura ikonje ya ** yibiza hamwe na glaze ice ice ** (bisobanurwa na milimetero ** 25 kugeza 100+ [santimetero 1.0 kugeza kuri 4.0+] byangiza cyane imirasire yubuzima bwa kijyambere, amashyamba yo mumijyi, hamwe namashyamba yo murugo, hamwe namashyamba yo murugo. Byakozwe na ** "izuru rishyushye" ihindagurika ryubushyuhe bwikirere ** aho urubura rugwa ruva mu bicu birenga rugashonga mu mvura y’amazi imbere mu kirere gishyushye cyo hagati ($ + 1 inyandiko {kugeza} +5 umwandiko {° C} $ $ 1.500 insinga ikonje, umunara wicyuma, igiti, nigiti cyikiraro. Kuberako urubura rukomeye rwa glaze rufite uburemere bwa kilo 900 kuri metero kibe (ibiro 56 kuri metero kibe) ** kandi rurimo ibyuka bya zeru byafashwe na zeru, ** milimetero 25 (santimetero 1) ya barafu ya glaze glaze yongeraho ibiro 250 kugeza kuri 500+ (550 kugeza 1100+ pound) yuburemere bwapfuye kuri metero 100 zumuriro wamashanyarazi ** mugihe wikubye hejuru yubuso bwa metero ** uburemere ku ikamba ry'igiti kimwe gikuze gikuze **. Iyo urubura rwa radiyo rurenze milimetero 30 kugeza kuri 50 (santimetero 1,2 kugeza kuri 2) **, nkuko byagenze mugihe cya ** Mutarama 1998 Umuyaga w’ibarafu wo muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru ** wambukiranya Quebec, Ontario, New York, n’Ubwongereza bushya (wahiritse iminara 1,300 y’umuriro w’amashanyarazi hamwe n’ibiti 120.000 by’ibikoresho, hasigara abantu miliyoni 4.7 badafite amashanyarazi mu gihe cy’iminsi 35), Umuyaga w’ubukonje wa ** 2008 ** na ** 2021 Oregon / Texas Yumuyaga Wumuyaga **, iminara yohereza ibyuma byumuvuduko mwinshi mubyumba bya kilometero nyinshi za casino ya domino, ibisasu byimbunda byimbunda ibisasu hejuru yinzu, hamwe nuburozi bwa monoxyde de carbone biva mumashanyarazi yo murugo no mu makara yamakara bihitana ubuzima burenze ubukonje ubwabwo. Niba umuntu afatiwe munsi yigiti cyaguye, yakomerekejwe ninsinga nzima yamanutse, cyangwa atitabiriwe na monoxyde de carbone cyangwa hypothermia, hamagara nimero yawe yihutirwa (911 muri Amerika na Kanada, 112 hirya no hino mubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, 999 mu Bwongereza) cyangwa urebe ububiko bwacu nimero yihutirwa. Kubijyanye nimbeho hamwe na grid byihutirwa, soma ubuyobozi bwacu kuri imvura y'amahindu, imvura ikonje, n'umurongo w'amashanyarazi urasenyuka, umuriro w'itumba, umuriro wigihe kirekire, hamwe na gride irahagarara, kumanura imirongo y'amashanyarazi n'amashanyarazi, na umutekano wa generator no kwirinda karubone.

Kora ubu¶

1. ** Guma mu nzu kandi kure y'ibiti byose, imirongo y'amashanyarazi, hamwe na koridoro yo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi menshi iyo urubura rwa glaze glaze rumaze kugera kuri milimetero 6 kugeza kuri 12 (santimetero 0,25 kugeza kuri 0.5): Ntuzigere usohoka hanze munsi yibiti kugirango urebe imbuga yawe, gutembera imbwa, cyangwa gukonjesha urubura hejuru yikirahure cyawe mugihe cyimvura ikonje cyangwa umuyaga mwinshi nyuma yumuyaga.
2. ** Kuryama no kwikinga hasi HASI y'urugo rwawe (cyangwa mucyumba cyo hasi cyane kure y'ibiti bikuze bikuze) niba kwegeranya urubura birengeje milimetero 15 kugeza kuri 25 (0,6 kugeza kuri 1.0): ibisenge hamwe nigisenge cyo kuraramo nijoro. Himura ibitanda n'ibitanda mucyumba cyo hejuru munsi y'ibiti bihita bihita.
3. ** Koresha buri cyuma kimanitse cyangwa cyamanutse, hamwe nuruzitiro ruhuza urunigi, izamu ryicyuma, cyangwa ishami ryibiti bisize urubura bikora ku nsinga, nkuko byashyizwe kuri volt 7.200 kugeza 500.000: ** Inkubi y'umuyaga ya glaze ikurura insinga zambere zo gukwirakwiza munsi yuruzitiro rwinyuma hamwe ninsinga zitumanaho udakandagiye kumena insimburangingo. Guma byibuze metero 10 (metero 33) usubire kumurongo wo gukwirakwiza na metero 30 (metero 100) usubire inyuma yumurongo wumurongo wumuriro wa voltage waguye **, kandi ntuzigere ugerageza gukuramo urubura kumurongo wamashanyarazi cyangwa gutema ishami ryegamye urubura hafi yinsinga.
4. ** Niba inzu ya serivise yo munzu (ikirere) yakuwe hejuru yinzu cyangwa kurukuta nigiti cyigiti cyaguye, guma kure yisanduku ya metero yo hanze hanyuma uhamagare ibikoresho byawe byamashanyarazi ako kanya: ** Iyo ishami ryaguye ryinyeganyeza insinga za serivise zimanutse hasi, akenshi irashwanyaguza icyuma cya serivise ya serivise ** na metero sock ** kuruhande rwinzu yawe mugihe insinga zingirakamaro zikomeza kuba kuri volt 240. Ntugakore ** ntukore kuri aluminiyumu yo hanze, ibyuma byangiza umuyaga, cyangwa agasanduku ka metero, hanyuma wibuke ko lineman yingirakamaro ** idashobora kongera ingufu murugo rwawe kugeza amashanyarazi abifitemo uruhushya asanuye mast ya serivisi yangiritse kubakiriya **.
5. ** Witegure kuzimya iminsi 7 kugeza kuri 21 mugihe imvura ikonje itangiye: banza ushushe inzu yawe kugeza kuri dogere selisiyusi 23 (dogere 74 Fahrenheit), wuzuze ubwogero bwogeramo amazi, hanyuma ushireho icyumba kimwe "Warm Micro-Room": ** Iyo iminara yohereza ibyuma byumuyaga mwinshi isenyuka kugeza igihe abakozi bongeye kubaka iminara minini yicyuma cya ** mucyumweru cya 1 cyakonje. Huza abantu bose mucyumba kimwe cyerekera mu majyepfo hamwe n'ibiringiti bimanitse ku muryango, kandi umenye uburyo bwo kuvoma imiyoboro y'amazi y'urugo rwawe ** mbere yuko ubushyuhe bwo mu nzu bugabanuka munsi ya dogere selisiyusi 4 (dogere 40 Fahrenheit) **.
6. ** Ntuzigere ukora moteri ya peteroli yikurura, grill yamakara, amashyiga ya propane, cyangwa umushyushya wa kerosene imbere yinzu, munsi yo munsi, igaraje ryegeranye, cyangwa ibaraza, ndetse n’umuryango wa garage wakinguye: ** Mugihe cy’imvura yo muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru yo mu 1998 na serwakira ya Kentucky yo mu 2009, ** hejuru ya 50 kugeza kuri 80 ku ijana by’ibitaro byinjira mu bitaro by’impanuka n’impfu byatewe n’imbere mu nzu. uburozi bwa karubone (CO)**. Shyira amashanyarazi agendanwa byibuze ** metero 6 (metero 20) hanze ** kure yidirishya, inzugi, hamwe nubushyuhe bwamashyiga.

Igiti cyemezo: catastrophique glaze ice serwakira hamwe nibyumweru byinshi grid gusenyuka kubaho¶

flowchart TD
    Start["Severe Freezing Rain / Glaze Ice Storm Warning (SPIA Index 3 to 5: >12 to 25+ mm [0.5 to 1+ in] Ice)"] --> PhaseCheck{"1. Ni ibihe byihutirwa bibaho muri iki gihe?"}

    PhaseCheck -->|"1"| TreeSafety["KUGWA LIMB & ROOF-CRUSH PROTOCOL: 1. Guma mu nzu cyane kure y'ibiti byose hamwe na koridoro y'amashanyarazi 2. Kwimura ibyumba byo hejuru byo hejuru biri munsi y'ibiti binini bihinduranya 3. Gusinzira & Ubuhungiro ku igorofa yo hasi (Igorofa yo hasi / hasi) 4."]

    PhaseCheck -->|"2"| WireSafety["HIGH-VOLTAGE INTAMBWE-POTENTIAL & PROTOCOL MAST: 1. Guma> m 10 (33 ft) Uhereye ku nsinga zo kumuhanda na> 30 m (100 ft) Uhereye ku minara yohereza ibyuma byasenyutse 2. Ntukigere ukoraho uruzitiro ruhuza urunigi, izamu, cyangwa ingingo zometseho urubura Gukoraho insinga / M Hamagara Utility + Umuyagankuba"]

    PhaseCheck -->|"3. MULTI-WEEK GRID BLACKOUT & PLUNGING INDOOR TEMPERATURE"| HeatCheck{"Urashobora kubungabunga byibuze 10 C (50 F) imbere muri Micro-Shelter yicyumba 1?"}

    HeatCheck -->|"Yego: Amashyiga yizewe yimbaho, Amashanyarazi ya gaze, cyangwa Generator yo hanze> m 6 (20 ft) Hanze"| MicroRoom["MICRO-ICYUMWERU & CO-PREVENTION PROTOCOL: 1. Ikidodo 1 Icyumba cyimbere cyimbere cyimbere cyamajyepfo hamwe na Blankets / Tarps hejuru yimiryango 2. Reba Bateri CO Imenyesha buri masaha 4."]

    HeatCheck -->|"Oya: Ubushyuhe bwo mu nzu Kugabanuka Kuri 4 C (40 F) Nta bushyuhe butekanye"| DrainAndEvac["KUNYAZA-PIPE-FREEZE & KUGARAGAZA SHELTER SHELTER: 1. Mbere yuko Temp yo mu nzu ikubita 4 C (40 F): Hagarika Umuyoboro W’amazi Mumuhanda / Basement 2. Fungura imiyoboro yose isumba iyindi kandi ntoya kugirango uyobore imiyoboro; Suka RV Antifreeze mu musarani / Umutego wo kurohama 3. Himura ku manywa y'ihangu ujya mu bushyuhe bwo mu mujyi."]

Meteorologiya hamwe na fiziki yuburyo bwa catastrophique glaze ice¶

Ni ukubera iki imvura ikonje ikora ibintu bisobanutse neza, bigoye cyane bya ** glaze ice ** (* verglas * mu gifaransa, * Glatteis * / * Eisregen * mu kidage) aho kuba pellet yera yera cyangwa urubura rw'ifu, kandi ni ukubera iki igorofa ya milimetero 25 (santimetero 1) isenyuka iminara yohereza ibyuma kugirango ikorwe na serwakira?

1. "Izuru Rishyushye" Umwirondoro wo Guhindura Ubushyuhe¶

Mu gihe c'urubura rusanzwe, inkingi zose z'umwuka ziva mu bicu kuri metero 5000 (metero 16.400) zimanuka hasi ziri munsi ya dogere selisiyusi 0 (dogere 32 Fahrenheit), bityo urubura rwa shelegi rugwa ku isi. - ** Ukuntu Imvura Yumukonje Sandwich imeze: ** Imbere yubushyuhe bukomeye, cyane cyane mugihe ikirere gikonje, cyinshi cya Arctique gifashwe mukibaya kitarengeje cyangwa ikibaya cyinyanja hamwe nubutaka (** imvura ikonje yumuyaga **, nko kumugezi wa St. Lawrence na Ottawa, imisozi yuburasirazuba bwa Apalachians, umugezi wa Columbia, muri Basitike ya Oregon, Washington, cyangwa Ljub irenga hejuru yikibuye gito cyumuyaga wo hejuru. - ** Sandwich ya Gatatu-Gatatu Sandwich: ** 1. ** Igice cyo hejuru (Hejuru ya m 2000): ** Ibicu bya barafu kuri -10 kugeza kuri 20 ° C bitonyanga urubura. 2. ** Igice cyo hagati ("Izuru Rishyushye" kuri m 800 kugeza 2000): ** Ubushyuhe bwo mu kirere ni ** + 1 kugeza kuri +6 ° C (+34 kugeza +43 ° F) **. Kugwa kw'ibarafu bigwa gushonga ** 100 ku ijana mu mvura y'amazi ** irimo nuclei ya zeru. 3. ** Igice cyo hasi (Ubushyuhe bukonje bwa metero kuva kuri 0 kugeza kuri 500 m): ** Ubushyuhe bwikirere hejuru yubutaka ni ** - 0.5 kugeza kuri 5 ° C (+31 kugeza +23 ° F) . Kuberako iki gice cyo hasi gikonje cyane ntigishobora gukonjesha imvura yimvura igwa muri pelletes ( urubura **) mbere yuko ikubita hasi, ibitonyanga byamazi bihinduka ** birenze urugero ** (amazi yamazi yakonje munsi ya 0 ° C). - ** Impamvu Gukonjesha Buhoro Bitera Urubura rwinshi, rutagira umuyaga: ** Iyo imvura itonyanga ikonje ikubise insinga, ishami, cyangwa hejuru yumuhanda, igice cyigitonyanga gikonjesha ingaruka mugihe cyo kurekura ** ubushyuhe bwihishwa bwo guhuza (334 Joules kuri garama) **. Ubushyuhe bwarekuwe butuma firime yoroheje yamazi atemba atembera neza hejuru no hepfo yinsinga cyangwa ishami (gukora icicles munsi) mbere yo gukonjesha buhoro buhoro muri ** isobanutse, idafite ububobere, urubura rwinshi cyane (garama 0,90 kuri santimetero kibe) ** ihuza ibyuma, aluminium, ibishishwa, na asfalt hamwe nuburemere bukomeye.

2. Imiterere yuburyo bwububiko burenze urugero, "Galloping," na Cascading umunara¶

Imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi igabanijwemo amashanyarazi make ** imirongo ikwirakwizwa ryaho ** (igashyirwa kumurongo wibiti cyangwa beto kumuhanda wa kilovolto 4 kugeza kuri 35) hamwe numuyoboro mwinshi wa ** umurongo wohereza amashanyarazi ** (unyuze hejuru yiminara nini ya lattice cyangwa H-frame kuri kilovolts 115 kugeza 765). Mugihe cyumuyaga wibiza, imbaraga eshatu zikomatanya zangiza sisitemu zombi: 1. ** Ubwiyongere bwa Quadratic Radial Ice Uburemere: ** Uburemere bwambukiranya igice cya silinderi ya ice buzengurutse insinga yoroheje ikura hamwe na ** kare ya radiyo yo hanze **. - ** mm 6 (0,25 in) urubura rwa radiyo: ** Ongeraho hafi kilo 1.5 kuri metero (ikiro 1 kumaguru) yinsinga, irashobora gucungwa ninsinga, nubwo uduti duto twibiti twiboze. - ** mm 13 (0,5 in) urubura rwa radiyo: ** Ongeraho hafi kilo 4 kuri metero (2.7 pound kumaguru), cyangwa ** kilo 400 (880 pound) kuri metero 100 kuri metero **, ugashiraho amashami yoroshye yibiti byoroshye kumurongo wo kugabura kumuhanda. - ** mm 25 (1.0 in) urubura rwa radiyo: ** Ongeraho ** ibiro 8 kugeza kuri 11 kuri metero (5.5 kugeza 7.5 pound kumaguru) **, cyangwa ** kilo 1.000 (pound 2200) kuri metero 100 kuri buri cyuma kimwe **. Ku munara wa insinga 6 zifite ingufu za voltage zifite metero 300, ni ukuvuga ** metero 18 kugeza kuri 25 za metero yuburemere bwa veritike yuburebure bwa ** umanitse kuri buri munara. - ** mm 50 kugeza kuri 75+ mm (2.0 kugeza 3.0+ muri) urubura rwa radiyo ** (byanditswe muri serwakira ya ice ya Québec / Ontario yo muri 1998 na serwakira ya Sloveniya 2014): Ongeraho ** kilo 25 kugeza kuri 45 kuri metero (ibiro 17 kugeza 30 kuri ikirenge) **, ukarenga imbaraga zikomeye zimena imbaraga zicyuma cya aluminiyumu (ACSR) hamwe no kumenagura amaguru y'ibyuma nk'amabati. 2. ** Umuyaga-Kuri-Gukurura Kugwiza Kugwiza no Kuyobora Galloping: ** Iyo igipimo cya milimetero 25 (1-santimetero) z'urubura rwa radiyo glaze glaze yambaraga insinga ya milimetero 25 z'uburebure, umurambararo wose wikubye gatatu kugeza kuri milimetero 75 (santimetero 3) . Kuberako imbaraga zo gukurura umuyaga zingana nubuso bugaragara bwa silinderi, ** umuyaga wa kilometero 50 / h (31hh) umuyaga uhuhuta urubura rushyizweho urubura rukubye inshuro 3 imbaraga zitambitse kuruhande ** rwakoresha kumurongo wambaye ubusa. Ikirushijeho kuba kibi, urubura-rumeze nk'urubura rwinshi ruhindura insinga ibaba ryindege. Kwambukiranya imipaka bituma uburebure bwa metero 300 zose zometseho urubura runini rusimbuka hejuru no hejuru mumuraba wa metero 3 ( umuyoboro wa aeolian wiruka **), ugakubita inyundo zikomeye zikubita ku minara. 3. ** Longitudinal "Domino Cascade" ya Towers Transmission Towers: ** Iminara yo guhagarika ibyuma byumuvuduko mwinshi wibyuma byubatswe kuburyo impagarike itambitse yinsinga zikura kumurongo wa ** ibumoso ** iringaniza impagarara zinsinga zikura kuri ** iburyo **. Niba intera imwe y'insinga ifata munsi yubura buremereye (cyangwa niba umunara umwe ukuguru ukuguru), umunara kuruhande rwawo uhura na ** utaringaniza toni 20 utambitse utambitse uturutse kuruhande rumwe **. Iragabanyijemo kabiri yerekeza ku ruhande rudahwitse, iranyeganyega umunara ukurikira inyuma yacyo, bituma ** iminara yohereza ibyuma 10 kugeza kuri 80 yikurikiranya yikurikiranya gusenyuka nka domino hafi ya koridor ya kilometero 20 mu gihe kitarenze iminota 2 ** (keretse niba imbaraga zikomeye "iminara irwanya caskade ipfuye" ihagarika urunigi).

Ironderero rya Sperry-Piltz (SPIA) Ironderero: uburyo bwo gusoma imburi zemewe¶

Ibigo by'iteganyagihe muri Amerika ya Ruguru (NOAA National Weather Service Service) hamwe n’ibikorwa bifasha isi yose bifashisha urutonde rwa ** Sperry-Piltz Ice Accumulation (SPIA) ** kugirango bahuze umubyimba w’ibarafu wahanuwe ** hamwe n’umuvuduko w’umuyaga ** mu byiciro bitandatu byangiritse (0 kugeza 5):

Ibinyabuzima bikoresha ibiti mu gihuhusi cya barafu: kuki ibiti bimwe na bimwe biturika bikamenagura ibisenge¶

Mugihe cyurwego rwa 4 cyangwa urwego rwa 5 glaze ice glaze, ibiti bikuze birundanya ibiro 5000 kugeza 15.000 (11,000 kugeza 33.000 pound) byurubura rukomeye ** hejuru ya miriyoni zabo zamashami meza ninshinge, byongera uburemere bwibiti byikubye inshuro 10 kugeza kuri 30 uburemere busanzwe bwumye **.

1. Ni ibihe biti binanirwa mbere (nuburyo binanirwa)¶

Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mu murima nyuma y’ibihuhusi bya 1998, 2009, na 2014 byerekana ko ubwoko bwibiti binanirwa nuburyo bubiri butandukanye: - ** Kuvunika Ikamba rya Crown ("Pistolet-Shot" Kunanirwa kw'ishami): ** Ubwoko bukura vuba, butagira ibiti-bigari bifite ibiti bigari bifite imfuruka nini ya V (** ifeza ya feza, umusemburo wa Siberiya, igiti, Bradford / Callery pear, poplar / pamba, bokisi, hamwe nudusimba twera ) twibasiwe n’ishami ryogosha igice cya kabiri. Uzumva imbunda ikarishye, yumvikana nkuko toni 1 yingingo zishira hanyuma zikamanuka hasi nkicumu rinyuze hejuru yinzu, ibirahuri, cyangwa abanyamaguru hepfo. - ** Igiti Cyuzuye-Igiti Cyuzuye Cyuzuye Igiti: ** Igiti cyashinze imizi ( pinusi yera, pinusi itukura, imyerezi, amase, na spuce **) n'ibiti bikura mu ibumba ryuzuyemo imvura cyangwa uburiri butagabanije bikomeza amashami yazo yoroheje kugeza igihe umutwaro wuburebure bwa metero 3 ukuyemo umurambararo wa metero 15 zose. amazu n'imihanda no gutanyagura gaze yashyinguwe n'imirongo y'amazi bitemba munsi yumuzi.

2. Kuki utagomba na rimwe kugerageza kunyeganyega, gukubita, cyangwa urunigi rwuzuye urubura rwuzuye urubura mugihe cyumuyaga¶

1. ** Umutego-Isubiramo Umutego: ** Ishami ryibiti byometseho urubura cyangwa ingemwe zunamye kugeza hasi zirimo kubika ibihumbi bya Newtons yubushyuhe bwimvura (** yuzuye isoko-inkingi **). Niba ukubise urubura ukoresheje sima cyangwa ugakora ku gihimba cyunamye ukoresheje urunigi, kurekura gitunguranye ibiro 200 bya barafu bituma ishami rishobora ** gukubita hejuru kuri kilometero 80 mu isaha (ibirometero 50 mu isaha) **, kuvunika igihanga cyangwa urwasaya rw'umuntu uwo ari we wese uhagaze hejuru yacyo, mu gihe akajagari kazamutse hejuru kanyeganyeza ku gihimba cy'umupfakazi wa kilo 500.
2. ** Kureka urubura ku biti kugirango bishonge bisanzwe: ** Urubura ntirwica igiti cyiza kubihumeka; gukubita amashami yakonje hamwe ninkingi zicyuma cyangwa amasuka bimenagura igishishwa cya cambium cyakonje kandi bigatera ishami ryica hejuru.

Kurokoka umuyaga wumunsi wiminsi 14 utagira uburozi bwa monoxyde de carbone cyangwa imiyoboro yaturika¶

Iyo koridoro yohereza amashanyarazi menshi isenyutse, imihanda ntishobora kunyura munsi yinsinga nzima n'ibiti byamanutse, iminara ya selile itakaza ububiko bwa batiri nyuma yamasaha 8 kugeza 24, sitasiyo zamazi za komini zitakaza ingufu, nubushyuhe bukamanuka munsi ya -15 ° C (5 ° F).

1. Umutego Wihishe-Umuyaga wa Carbone Monoxide Umutego: Itanura ryo hanze ryakonjeshejwe & Viler¶

Nubwo inzu yawe yaba igifite ingufu z'amashanyarazi (cyangwa ikoresha itanura kuri generator yinyuma), umuyaga wibarafu urashobora kuzuza inzu yawe yica monoxyde de carbone (CO) idafite moteri yimodoka ikoreshwa: - Umuyoboro mwinshi wa gaz gasanzwe / itanura rya propane hamwe nubushyuhe bwamazi adafite amazi asohora umuyaga unyuze kuri ** bibiri byera 5 kugeza kuri 8-santimetero (2-kuri-3-santimetero) imiyoboro ya pulasitike ya PVC isohoka kurukuta rwinzu yinzu ** santimetero 30 kugeza kuri 90 (metero 1 kugeza kuri 3) hejuru yubutaka. - Mugihe c'imvura ikonje, ** icicles, spray ikonjesha, hamwe na shelegi yuzuye urubura bifunga ecran ya mesh hejuru yuwo muyoboro wa PVC wo hanze wafunzwe **, bigatuma monoxyde de carbone isubira mubutaka. ** Kugenzura no gukuraho itanura ryo hanze-urukuta, inkono, icyuma gishyushya amazi, hamwe nicyuma cyuma buri masaha 6 mugihe cyumuyaga. **

2.¶

Niba imbaraga zawe zashize, nta bushyuhe bwo gusubira inyuma ufite, kandi inzu ya termometero yo mu nzu hasi cyangwa hasi hasi iramanuka igera kuri dogere selisiyusi 4 (dogere 40 Fahrenheit) **, amazi imbere mu miyoboro y'urukuta rw'inyuma yamaze kugera kuri 0 ° C (32 ° F). Iyo amazi akonje cyane mumuringa, PEX, cyangwa PVC, yaguka 9% hamwe na pound zirenga 2000 kuri santimetero kare yumuvuduko wa hydraulic, ** imiyoboro igabanya ifunguye imbere yinkuta no hejuru ya ** kugirango amashanyarazi agarutse, amazi yuzura inzu. - ** Intambwe ku yindi Gahunda Yihutirwa yo Gukonjesha-Gukuramo imiyoboro (Ifata iminota 15): ** 1. ** Shakisha kandi uhindure URUGO RUGENDE RW'AMAZI Y’AMAZI: ** Shakisha ikibanza kinini cyamazi mumazu yawe yo munsi, munsi yikurikiranya, icyumba cyo gufungiramo, cyangwa umwobo wa metero kuruhande hanyuma uhindure leveri dogere 90 perpendikulari kumuyoboro (cyangwa uhindukize uruziga rw'isaha kugeza ufunze). 2. ** Funga amashanyarazi cyangwa gaze kuri Hoteri Yashyushye: ** Ntuzigere ukuramo icyuma gishyushya amazi mugihe ibintu byo gushyushya amashanyarazi cyangwa gutwika gaze bifunguye, cyangwa ibintu byagaragaye bizashya iyo amashanyarazi agarutse. 3. ** Fungura buri robine y'amazi ashyushye kandi akonje munzu: ** Tangirira kumagorofa yo hejuru ** (kumena icyuho bityo uburemere bukurura amazi hasi) hanyuma ukore kugeza kumurongo wa ** wo hasi cyane, igikarabiro cyo kumesa, cyangwa umuyoboro wamazi wo munsi ya ** hasi, usige robine zose zifunguye. 4. ** Koza buri musarani rimwe cyangwa kabiri: ** Fata ikiganza cya flush hasi kugirango usibe ikigega cyumusarani wa farashi hanyuma ugabanye amazi mubikombe. 5. ** Suka Propylene Glycol idafite uburozi (Pink RV / Marine Winterizing Antifreeze) muri buri mutego wamazi no mu gikombe cyumusarani: ** Suka mililitiro 250 (igikombe 1) cya antifreeze ya RV idafite uburozi (cyangwa umuyaga wogesheje umuyaga wogesheje amazi / umunyu;

Inomero zihutirwa zo mukarere hamwe na protocole yikigo¶

• ** Amerika: ** Hamagara ** 911 ** ako kanya kubintu byose byihutirwa byubuvuzi, ibimenyetso bya monoxyde de carbone, umuriro wubatswe, cyangwa umuntu wafashwe nigiti cyaguye / insinga nzima. Hamagara ** 211 ** kugirango ubone aho ufunguye ** Ibisagara bishushe bya komine ** hamwe nubuvuzi bukeneye ubuvuzi. Gukurikirana ** NOAA Ikigo cyigihugu gishinzwe ikirere (NWS) ** kuri ** Imiburo Yumuyaga Wibura ** na ** Indege ya SPIA ** ivugururwa.
• ** Kanada (Quebec, Ontario, Atlantike Kanada, Columbiya y'Ubwongereza): ** Hamagara ** 911 ** kubintu byihutirwa cyangwa ** 811 ** (Amakuru-Santé / Ubuzima811) kubuvuzi bwihutirwa. Gukurikirana ** Ibidukikije n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe Kanada (ECCC) ** kuri ** Iburira ry'imvura ikonje (* Avertissement de pluie verglaçante *) **, hanyuma utange raporo kumurongo wamanutse cyangwa serivisi zacitse kuri ** Hydro-Québec (1-800-790-2424) **, ** Hydro Umwe / Toronto Hydro **, ** NB Imbaraga **, cyangwa ** BC Hydro (1-800-BCHYDRO) **.
• ** Ubwongereza na Irilande: ** Hamagara ** 999 ** cyangwa ** 112 ** kubyihutirwa, hanyuma uhamagare ** 105 ** (Umubare wogukata amashanyarazi mu Bwongereza) cyangwa ** Imiyoboro ya ESB (1800 372 999 muri Irilande) ** kumenyesha imirongo y'amashanyarazi yaguye.
• ** Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’i Burayi: ** Hamagara ** 112 ** mu bihugu byose bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi kandi ukurikirane ** Meteoalarm (meteoalarm.org) ** kuri ** Imvura Itukura (* Glatteis / Verglas / Žled *) Iburira **.
• ** Ubushinwa na Aziya y'Uburasirazuba: ** Hamagara ** 119 ** (Umuriro / Inkeragutabara), ** 110 ** (Polisi), cyangwa ** 120 ** (Ubuvuzi) mu Bushinwa; ** 119 ** mu Buyapani no muri Koreya y'Epfo.

Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa¶

Ni ukubera iki imvura ikonje ikora urupapuro rukomeye, ruremereye rwa barafu isukuye aho kuba urubura cyangwa pellet nziza?¶

Imvura ikonje ikonje iyo hashyushye ikirere (+1 kugeza kuri dogere selisiyusi 6) hagati yikirere hejuru yikirere gito cyumuyaga utuje (-1 kugeza kuri dogere selisiyusi 5) guhobera hasi. Ibibarafu bigwa mu bicu birebire bishonga mu bitonyanga by'amazi imbere muri kiriya gice gishyushye. Kuberako ubutaka bukonje bworoshye cyane kuburyo budashobora kongera gutonyanga ibitonyanga muri ice pellet (urubura) mbere yingaruka, ibitonyanga bihinduka ** amazi y’amazi arenze urugero ** akwirakwira muri firime yoroheje ahura hanyuma igahinduka urubura rusukuye, rutagira amababi rufite uburemere bwa kilo 900 kuri metero kibe.

Uburemere bungana iki milimetero 25 (santimetero 1) ya barafu ya radiyo glaze yongerera umurongo w'amashanyarazi n'ibiti?¶

Kuberako urubura rutwikiriye insinga muri silindiri ya dogere 360, uburemere bwayo bwiyongera hamwe na kare yubugari. Igice cya milimetero 25 (1-santimetero) z'urubura rwa radiyo glaze yongeramo ** ibiro 8 kugeza kuri 11 kuri metero (5.5 kugeza kuri 7.5 ku kirenge) ** cy'uburemere ku nsinga imwe, bivuze ko uburebure bwa metero 100 z'insinga eshatu zo gukwirakwiza zunguka ** ibiro 2,500 kugeza ku 3.000 (ibiro 5.500 kugeza kuri 6,600 pound) ** by'urubura, mu gihe metero 300 zingana na toni 6 z'uburebure bwa metero 28. Ku giti gikuze gikuze, amamiriyoni y'amashami yegeranya ** toni metero 5 kugeza kuri 15 (pound 11,000 kugeza 33.000) z'urubura ** ku ikamba rimwe.

Ni ukubera iki iminara yohereza ibyuma byumuvuduko mwinshi isenyuka muminyururu ndende ya domino mugihe cyumuyaga, kandi kuki ibyo bitera ibyumweru byinshi?¶

Iminara yo guhagarika ibyuma byumuvuduko mwinshi byateguwe kuburyo impagarike itambitse yinsinga zikura kumurongo umwe uringaniza insinga zikura kumurongo utandukanye. Iyo urubura rwa radiyo rurenze milimetero 30 kugeza kuri 50 (santimetero 1,2 kugeza kuri 2) kandi umuyaga nyuma yumuyaga utuma insinga zometseho urubura zigenda hejuru no hasi, umugozi umwe uzunguruka cyangwa umunara ukuguru. Ako kanya, umunara uherekejwe uzengurutswe kuruhande na toni 20 z'uburemere butaringaniye, ukizengurutsa mo kabiri hanyuma ugatera kasike ndende ya domino ishobora gusenya iminara 20 kugeza kuri 80 ikurikiranye. Kongera kubaka ibirometero byumunara wogukwirakwiza ibyuma byubutaka bikonje bifata ibyumweru 2 kugeza 5.

Ni ukubera iki abantu benshi barwara uburozi bwa monoxyde de carbone mugihe cy'imvura y'amahindu, kabone niyo baba badafite moteri yikurura?¶

Mugihe ukoresha moteri ya lisansi yimbere imbere muri garage, munsi yo munsi, cyangwa ku rubaraza, cyangwa gutwika amakara yamakara cyangwa amashyiga yinkambi mu nzu, niyo # 1 itera uburozi bwa karubone monoxide (CO) yica uburozi mugihe cyumuyaga wibarafu, umutego wa kabiri wibasiye amazu agifite ubushyuhe: ** glaze ice hamwe nibicu bifunga itanura ryuruhande rwurukuta rwa PVC hamwe n’amazi ** ashyushya amazi. Iyo urubura rwa glaze rutwikiriye mesh ya meshi yumuriro wuruhande rwurukuta, monoxide yica karubone ntishobora guhunga hanze hanyuma isubira munzu. Komeza ibyuma bikoresha amashanyarazi muri etage yose kandi usukure umuyaga wimbere buri masaha 6.

Ni ryari kandi nigute nshobora kuvoma imiyoboro y'amazi munzu yanjye niba amashanyarazi azimye mugihe cy'imvura y'amahindu?¶

Mugihe urugo rwawe rugumye hejuru ya dogere selisiyusi 10 (dogere 50 Fahrenheit), fungura inzugi za kabine hanyuma ureke robine itonyanga. Ariko, niba udafite ubushyuhe bwinyuma kandi ubushyuhe bwo murugo hasi hasi cyangwa munsi yo hasi bugabanuka kugera kuri dogere selisiyusi 4 (dogere 40 Fahrenheit) **, amazi imbere mumiyoboro yinkuta yinyuma ari hafi gukonja no guturika. Hindura ** OFF ** inzu yawe nyamukuru yo gufunga amazi, hindura ** OFF ** kumena / gaze kumashanyarazi yawe, fungura ** buri ** robine ishyushye nubukonje kuva hasi hejuru kugeza munsi yo hasi kugirango uburemere bukure imiyoboro, imisarani isukuye, hanyuma usukemo igikombe cyumuti utagira uburozi RV antifreeze mumutego wose wamazi wamazi.

Ni ubuhe bufasha bwa mbere bukenewe niba umuntu akubiswe n'igiti cyaguye cyuzuye urubura cyangwa ugasanga kititabiriwe mu nzu yirabura?¶

Niba umuntu yakubiswe hanze n'amaguru agwa, ** reba ako kanya ** kugirango ubone amashanyarazi yamanutse kandi umanike ingingo "umupfakazi" mbere yo kwegera. Irinde kuva amaraso hamwe nigitutu kiziguye, uhagarike umutwe nijosi niba bikekwa ko ihahamuka ryumugongo, kandi ukingire umurwayi hasi. Niba abagize umuryango bayobewe, bazunguye, barumiwe, cyangwa batagira ubwenge imbere mu rugo rwirabura, ukekwaho uburozi bwa monoxyde de carbone **: kwimura abantu bose mu kirere cyiza, hamagara 911/112/999 kugira ngo utwarwe na ogisijeni, hanyuma utangire CPR niba ititabiriwe. Gufata ubufasha bwambere bwemewe hamwe namasomo ya CPR muri Croix-Rouge, Ambulance ya St John, cyangwa umutanga waho aragutegurira guhangana n’ibiza.

Kuyobora¶

• Imvura y'amahindu, imvura ikonje, n'umurongo w'amashanyarazi gusenyuka kubaho
• Umuriro w'amashanyarazi uhagarara, umwijima muremure, hamwe na gride irahagarara
• Imirongo yamashanyarazi yamanutse hamwe no guhunga amashanyarazi
• Umutekano wa generator, kwimura ibintu, no kwirinda karubone

Inkomoko nubuyobozi¶

• ** Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe inyanja n’ikirere (NOAA) Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe ikirere (NWS): ** * Ubukonje bw’imvura ikonje (Inversion Warm-Nose Inversions), Ibipimo byo kuburira inkubi y'umuyaga, hamwe n’ibipimo by’ibyangiza bya Sperry-Piltz (SPIA).
• ** Ibidukikije n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe Kanada (ECCC), Umutekano rusange wa Kanada, na Hydro-Québec: ** * Amasomo n’ubuziranenge bw’ubuhanga guhera muri Mutarama 1998 Umuyaga w’ibarafu wo muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru (Verglas '98): Imizigo ya Radial Glaze Imizigo, umunara woherejwe na Cascading, hamwe no kurokoka ibyumweru byinshi *.
• ** Sosiyete y'Abanyamerika y'Abashinzwe Ubwubatsi (ASCE Standard 7 / Igitabo cy'imyitozo 74) na IEEE: ** * Amabwiriza yo gukwirakwiza umurongo w'amashanyarazi Umuyoboro wuzuye: Ubukonje bukabije bwa Radiyo Glaze, Umuyaga uhuha ku rubura, Umuyoboro wa Galloping, na Anti-Cascade Yapfuye-Impera *.
• ** Ishami ry’amashyamba muri Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika (USFS) hamwe n’umuryango mpuzamahanga w’ubuhinzi bw’ubuhinzi (ISA): ** * Ibinyabuzima bikoreshwa mu biti munsi ya Glaze Ice Accretion: Ubwoko bworoshye, Ubwoko bw'Ishami vs Kunanirwa kw'Imizi, hamwe n’ibyago by’abapfakazi nyuma y’umuyaga *.
• ** Ibigo bishinzwe kurwanya no gukumira indwara (CDC) hamwe n’ikigo gishinzwe imicungire y’ibihe byihutirwa (FEMA, Amerika): ** * Kurinda uburozi bwa Carbone Monoxide, Hypothermia, hamwe n’amazi yo mu ngo akonjesha-guturika mu gihe cy’amashanyarazi igihe kirekire *.