Kwibiza ibiti neza (SIS) hamwe nifu yimbuto yimbuto yo kubaho¶

A ** igiti neza ** (cyangwa ** Immersion Suffocation / SIS ** hazard) ni icyuho cyihishe, kidakusanyirijwe hamwe cyurubura rwinshi, amashami amanitse hasi, numwuka uzengurutse igiti cyigiti cyimeza nyuma yurubura rwinshi. Iyo umukinnyi wo gusiganwa ku maguru cyangwa urubura afashe inkombe hafi y’igiti kibisi kandi akikubita hasi muri iki cyobo cyihishe, umwenda ukikuje urubura rwifu yifu ugwa imbere nkumuvuduko mwinshi mugihe skisi yabo cyangwa urubura rwa shelegi byinjira mumashami hejuru, bikabashyira hejuru yumwijima mwinshi. Nk’uko ikigo cy’amajyaruguru y’uburengerazuba bw’imyororokere (NWAC) hamwe n’ishyirahamwe ry’igihugu ry’imikino yo gusiganwa ku magare (NSAA) muri Amerika na Kanada kibitangaza ngo Suffocation yo mu bwoko bwa Snow Immersion Suffocation igera kuri ** 20 kugeza kuri 25 ku ijana by’abantu bose bahitanwa n’imikino yo mu gihe cy’imbeho ** mu gihe cy’ifu y’imbuto, kandi mu bushakashatsi bwo kubaho, ** 90% by’abakorerabushake bashyizwe mu iriba ry’igiti badashobora kwikiza ubwabo badafite umufasha uhagaze neza.

Aka gatabo kagenda ku basiganwa ku maguru, ku rubura, ku rubura, no ku basubira mu gihugu banyuze mu byo gukora mu masegonda 5 ya mbere uramutse uguye mu iriba ryigiti cyangwa mu mufuka w’ifu wimbitse, kuki gukubita bitera guhita byuzura urubura no guhumeka, burya abafatanyabikorwa bagomba guhuza umurongo utambitse uhereye kumanuka aho gukandagira hejuru yumwobo, nuburyo bwo kwirinda imitego yibiti kumunsi wifu.

Kora ubu¶

1. ** Niba urimo ugwa ku giti neza: reka kureka inkingi zawe hanyuma ufate igiti cyacyo cyangwa amashami ako kanya. Mugihe uguye, shyira amaboko yombi kugirango uhobore igiti gikomeye cyibiti cyangwa amashami yo hejuru hejuru kugirango uhagarike umutwe nigituza kugirango bitagwa mu cyuho kiri hepfo.
2. ** Niba uguye hejuru yurubura: NTUGUKUNDA, gukubita, cyangwa kuzunguza amaguru. Hagarika amaguru ako kanya.
3. ** Banza ukore umufuka uhumeka imbere yumunwa wawe nizuru mbere.
4. ** Gumana ituze, uhumeke gahoro, kandi uvuge ifirimbi (niba hafi yumunwa wawe). Niba ushobora kugera ku giti cy'igiti ukoresheje ukuboko kumwe, komeza kuri cyo kugirango utanyerera cyane, hanyuma utegereze umukunzi wawe.
5. ** Niba uri umufatanyabikorwa hanze: NTUKIGERE ukandagira ku mwobo cyangwa ngo ukurure uwahohotewe neza ukoresheje inkweto zabo / skisi.
6. ** Hamagara Ski Patrol cyangwa serivisi zubutabazi ako kanya hanyuma ucukure utambitse kuruhande cyangwa kumanuka werekeza kumutwe wabo. nimero yihutirwa ububiko), shakisha umutwe wuwahohotewe munsi yinkweto, na ** umuyoboro imbere imbere uhereye kuruhande / kumanuka ** kugirango usibe umwuka uhumeka mumaso yabo mbere yo gukuramo imigozi yabo.

Kurokoka ako kanya hamwe nabafatanyabikorwa gutabara ibyemezo¶

Waba uri umukiga ugwa mu giti neza cyangwa umufatanyabikorwa wabonye inshuti yawe ibura munsi yamashami, kurikiza ako kanya.

flowchart TD
    A["Rider Falls hafi yigiti cya Coniferi cyangwa umufuka wifu wifu"] --> B{"Ni uruhe ruhare Urimo Muri iki gihe?"}
    B -->|"Ndi Umukinnyi Ugwa mu Giti Cyiza"| C["Tera inkingi za ski ako kanya hanyuma ufate igiti cyigiti cyangwa amashami aremereye"]
    C --> D["Hagarika gukubita amaguru yose no gutera imigeri kugirango wirinde kugwa kwa shelegi"]
    D --> E["Igikombe Amaboko cyangwa Ukuboko hejuru yumunwa & Amazuru kugirango ube umufuka uhumeka"]
    E --> F["Fata kuri Trunk niba igerwaho, uhumeke gahoro, kandi utegereze ubucukuzi bw'abafatanyabikorwa"]
    B -->|"Ndi Umufatanyabikorwa Hanze Nabonye Rider Yabuze"| G["Komeza Uhagarike Biboneka Kubiti Byukuri (Shyira hamwe na Skis Upright cyangwa Pole Hanze ya Rim)"]
    G --> H["Hamagara Resort Ski Patrol Yihutirwa Numero / 911/112 hanyuma usakuze kubatwara hafi"]
    H --> I["NTUGENDE KUMUNTU Hejuru Yumwobo kandi NTUGUKURIKIZE hejuru ya Skis ya Victim cyangwa Snowboard"]
    I --> J["Witondere witonze ukoresheje ukuboko kuruhande kugirango umenye umutwe wuwahohotewe hamwe nubujyakuzimu"]
    J --> K["Umuyoboro Imbere Uhagaritse Kuva Kuruhande Hasi Kumanuka Kugana mumaso yuwahohotewe"]
    K --> L["Sukura Urubura ruva mu kanwa no mu mazuru Banza, hanyuma Urekure Guhambira no Gukuramo"]

Ukuntu igiti gikora neza nimpamvu ibimera bisa neza biturutse hejuru¶

Abakinnyi benshi basiganwa ku maguru hamwe n’urubura bibwira ko niba hari metero 2 (metero 6,5) zurubura rushya kumasiganwa yuguruye, urubura rugumaho neza kugeza kumutwe wa buri pinusi, firimu, ibiti, cyangwa igiti cyose. Mubyukuri, kumanika amashami yicyatsi kibisi akora nkigihangange ** umutaka **:

1. ** Umutaka w'ishami **: Mugihe metero z'urubura zigwa mu gihe cy'itumba, amashami yo hepfo, manini-manini y'ibiti byo hasi, ibiti, ibiti, ibiti by'amasederi bifata urubura rugwa bikabuza kugera ku butaka bikikije umusingi.
2. ** Ahantu hihishe metero 2 kugeza kuri 3 (metero 6-10-10) zidafite agaciro **: Mu buryo butaziguye munsi yamashami yo hepfo hicaye urwobo rwimbitse, rwumuyaga rwumuyaga, amashami yapfuye, kandi amababa arekuye, adakomatanyirijwe hamwe na shelegi yumye yumye kugeza kumurima wishyamba ryambaye ubusa cyangwa urutare, kabone niyo urubura ruzengurutse rufite metero 3 (metero 10) zubujyakuzimu.
3. ** Kwibeshya kugaragara **: Kuva kuri metero 5 (16 metero) hejuru, hejuru yurubura rwuzuye urubura rwamashami yigiti ruvanga neza mumisozi yoroshye. Uyigenderaho akora ibizunguruka hafi yijipo yishami ryo hanze ("kuzunguruka igiti") acamo uruzitiro ruto rwinama zishami hanyuma akamanuka ahita yinjira mumutwe wihishe.

Intambwe-ku-ntambwe yo kubaho protocole niba UGuye mu giti neza¶

Niba utakaje ubushobozi cyangwa ufashe inkombe ukumva urimo utera umutwe munsi yamashami yigiti cyitwa conifer, ibikorwa byawe mumasegonda ya mbere ** 3 kugeza kuri 5 ** mbere yuko urubura rutura rugena ubuzima bwawe.

Intambwe ya 1: Kurwanira guhagarara neza cyangwa gufata slide yawe kumurongo¶

• ** Ntuzigere wambara imikandara ya ski pole mu biti **: Niba amaboko yawe azengurutswe imbere mumigozi ya pole mugihe uguye mumuriba wigiti, inkingi zifata amashami hanyuma ugatera amaboko inyuma mumutwe kugirango udashobora kugera mumaso yawe kugirango urubura rusukure. Mugihe cyo gusiganwa ku maguru cyangwa ifu ya piste, burigihe ufate inkingi yawe ** utiriwe ** ushyira amaboko yawe mumaboko.
• ** Guhobera igiti cyangwa amashami yimbere yimbere **: Mugihe uguye mumashami yinyuma, kuryama ukoresheje amaboko yombi kubiti byimbaho ​​bikozwe mubiti cyangwa amaguru yimbere yimbere hanyuma uzenguruke amaboko cyangwa amaguru hafi yabo nka koala izamuka. Nubwo skisi yawe yagwa munsi yawe, kugumisha umutwe hamwe nigitugu hejuru yishami hejuru yurwobo bikiza ubuzima bwawe.
• ** Gerageza kuzunguruka ku mugongo cyangwa ku ruhande (shyira hejuru)

Intambwe ya 2: Hagarika imigeri yose hanyuma ukore umwanya uhumeka¶

Niba usanzwe uhindagurika imbere yigiti neza kandi urubura rurimo kugukikiza:

1. ** Hagarika amaguru ako kanya **: Buri mitekerereze yumuntu igutontomera kugirango utere amaguru kandi ugerageze koga hejuru. ** Irinde ibyo byifuzo byose.
2. ** Funga ukuboko mumaso yawe ("Umuteramakofe") **: Zana ikiganza kimwe cyangwa byombi ako kanya mumaso yawe. Ihanagura akavuyo kazengurutse umunwa n'amazuru, hanyuma ufate ukuboko kwawe cyangwa amaboko yawe yikombe imbere ya santimetero nkeya imbere yumunwa wawe bityo gutuza urubura bihagarara mukuboko kwawe aho gukanda iminwa yawe nizuru.
3. ** Tera urubura urwo ari rwo rwose mu kanwa mbere yo guhumeka **: Niba urubura rwinjiye mu kanwa mugihe cyo gutitira, ucire cyangwa uhanagure urutoki rwa kashe * mbere yuko * ufata umwuka mwinshi mwinshi kugirango udashaka ifu mumuyaga wawe.
4. ** Kwagura igituza mugihe urubura rumaze gutura **: Fata umwuka uhumeka kandi ufate inkokora yawe hanze gato mumasegonda 10 yambere mugihe urubura rwinshi ruba hafi yumubiri wawe; ibi bisiga icyuho cya santimetero 2 (1-santimetero) yo kwaguka kuzengurutse urubavu rwawe kugirango ubashe guhumeka no gusohoka iyo shelegi ihagaritse kugenda.

Intambwe ya 3: Urashobora kwigera wikuramo niba uri wenyine?¶

Mu bizamini byibanze byakozwe nubushakashatsi bwibiti-byiza Paul Baugher (Centre ya Avalanche y'Amajyaruguru), 90 ku ijana by'ibizamini byashyizwe mu mariba y'ibiti nyabyo ntibishobora gusohoka bonyine. Kuri 10 ku ijana bashoboye kwikiza, cyangwa niba warenze ku itegeko rya # 1 ryo gusiganwa ku ifu hanyuma ukinjira mu biti byonyine, dore tekinike yonyine ikora:

• ** Gusa wimuke ufite kugenda gahoro, nkana, milimetero **: Ntuzigere unyeganyega cyangwa gukubita.
• ** Shyira ikiganza kimwe ku giti gikomeye cyangwa igiti kinini / ishami **: Koresha igiti ubwacyo nk'urwego rukomeye rukomeye.
• ** Ntugerageze gusunika kurukuta rwurubura rwirekuye **: Aho kugirango ugerageze kuzamuka urubura, reba niba ushobora kugera buhoro buhoro ukuguru kwawe kugirango ** ushyireho agace ka ski gahuza agatsinsino cyangwa ugapakurura imikandara ya shelegi ya shelegi **, * gusa * niba umubiri wawe wo hejuru umaze guhambirwa neza kumutwe wigiti kuburyo kurekura ibirenge byawe bitazatera umubiri wawe kunyerera munsi ya metero 1 (metero 3).
• ** Reba niba ushobora gutombora HANO HANZE CYANGWA HANZE kuruhande rwigiti cyambaye ubusa **: Ahantu hahanamye, uruhande rwo hepfo yigiti neza rufite urukuta ruto rwamashami na shelegi kuruhande rwo hejuru. Rimwe na rimwe, umushoferi wafashwe arashobora kwikururira hejuru yigitereko cyambaye ubusa hanyuma agasunika impande zose akoresheje ijipo yo hepfo yamanuka yamashami aho kuzamuka.

Gutabara kw'abafatanyabikorwa: uburyo bwo gucukura umuntu mu giti neza utamwishe¶

Ibice birenga 80 kw'ijana vy'abahitanwa n’ibiti bapfa gusa kubera ko abafatanyabikorwa babo bakomeje gusiganwa ku maguru kugeza hasi ya gari ya moshi, bagategereza iminota 15 ku murongo wa lift bibaza * "Dave ari he?" *, Hanyuma bagenda kuri gari ya moshi basubira hejuru kugira ngo batangire kureba, icyo gihe hashize iminota 30 kandi uwahohotewe yari amaze guhumeka.

Iyo ugendeye mumashusho n'amajwi ya mugenzi wawe hanyuma ukabona bagwa mu giti neza (cyangwa ukabona isonga imwe ya ski, ikibaho cya shelegi, cyangwa gants isohoka munsi yigiti cyitwa conifer), ufite ** munsi yiminota 15 ** kugirango ubone umwuka mumaso yabo.

CRITICAL PARTNER EXCAVATION RULES FOR A TREE WELL:
1. NEVER step onto the top rim of the snow cone around the tree (collapses snow onto the victim's face).
2. NEVER grab the victim's boots, skis, or snowboard and yank upward (drives their head deeper and breaks legs/spine).
3. ALWAYS approach from the DOWNHILL or SIDE of the tree and tunnel INWARD HORIZONTALLY straight to the victim's head.

Intambwe ku yindi umufatanyabikorwa wo gucukura protocole¶

1. ** Shyira igiti hanyuma uhamagare gusubira inyuma ako kanya **:
   • Tera skisi yawe cyangwa inkingi yawe neza muri shelegi ifunguye metero 3 (10 metero) hejuru yigiti kugirango wegere Ski Patrol cyangwa abandi bagenda bashobora kubona igiti nyacyo ako kanya (mumashyamba yinzitane y'ibiti 500 bisa, gukuramo amaso kumiti kumasegonda icumi birashobora gutuma utakaza umwanya).
   • Rangurura ijwi cyane * "FASHA. SKIER MU BIKORWA BYIZA HANO."
   • Saba umuntu wa kabiri (cyangwa ukoreshe terefone yawe mugihe wimuka) hamagara kuri resitora ya ** Ski Patrol Emergency Direct Line ** (iyishyire muri terefone yawe mbere yo kugenda; icapishwa kuri buri karita yerekana inzira hamwe n'umunara uzamura) cyangwa uhamagare 911/112/999 ufite izina nyaryo hamwe numero yo kuzamura umunara.
2. ** Hindura ibirenge by'uwahohotewe kugirango bitanyerera cyane **:
   • Niba ushobora kubona inkweto z'uwahohotewe, sikisi, cyangwa urubura rwa shelegi rwiziritse ku mashami yo hejuru, ** ntubikure hejuru **, na ** ntukureho iminyururu yabo nyamara ** niba izo skisi zafashwe ari cyo kintu cyonyine gifata umubiri wabo kujugunya indi metero hasi mu rwobo.
   • Ahubwo, niba umutabazi wa kabiri ahari, saba gufata cyangwa gukubita buhoro buhoro inkweto / ukuguru kwahohotewe kugirango uwahohotewe adashobora kunyerera cyane mugihe uhuza umutwe.
3. ** Teranya amasuka yawe ya avalanche hamwe na tunnel uhereye kuruhande rwa DOWNHILL **:
   • Reba ku mfuruka y'amaguru y'uwahohotewe kugirango ugereranye neza aho umutwe wabo n'igituza biruhukira ku giti (ubusanzwe metero 1 kugeza kuri 1.5 / metero 3 kugeza kuri 5 munsi yinkweto zabo).
   • Kuzenguruka kuruhande rwa ** kumanuka ** (cyangwa kuruhande rwo hepfo) yigiti neza, ugume hafi yiminwa yo hejuru.
   • Koresha isuka ya aluminiyumu ** avalanche isuka ** (cyangwa amaboko yawe / urubura rwa shelegi niba udafite amasuka) kugirango ** ukate umuryango utambitse unyuze imbere unyuze mumashami yo hepfo hamwe nurukuta rwa shelegi ** kurwego rwumutwe wuwahohotewe, ujugunye urubura kumanuka kure yigiti kugirango ridashobora gusubira inyuma.
4. ** Kuraho inzira yumuyaga ukikije umunwa nizuru BWA MBERE **:
   • Mugihe ukuboko kwawe gufashe gukoraho ingofero yuwahohotewe, ikoti, cyangwa urutugu, hagarika gukoresha icyuma cyamasuka hafi yumutwe wabo kugirango udakubita mumaso.
   • Kuraho urubura kure yiminwa, izuru, nigituza ukoresheje amaboko yawe, ukureho ijosi ryuzuye urubura cyangwa igitambaro, hanyuma ukureho urubura urwo ari rwo rwose ruva mumunwa.
   • Reba ako kanya niba bafite ubwenge kandi bahumeka:
     • ** Niba bafite ubwenge kandi bahumeka **: Komeza inzira zabo zifunguye, ubizeze, wagura umwobo utambitse uzengurutse umurambo wabo kugirango igituza cyabo cyaguke mu bwisanzure, hanyuma * noneho * kurekura imipira yabo ya ski cyangwa imishumi ya shelegi hejuru kugirango ubisohokane witonze unyuze mumurongo wuruhande rwawe.
     • ** Niba badashubije kandi badahumeka (cyangwa guhumeka gusa) **: Kurambura kuri platifomu ya kashe ihita ikingira ijosi, fungura inzira yumuyaga, utange ** 5 guhumeka kwambere gutabarwa ** (kuko gufata neza ibiti byumutima biterwa na ** hypoxia / asphyxiation **, umwuka wo gutabara uhujwe no kwikuramo igituza birakomeye niba utojwe guhumeka gutabara, tangira uhoraho; amaboko-gusa CPR kuri compression 100 kugeza 120 kumunota ako kanya) hanyuma ukomeze kugeza Ski Patrol igeze hamwe na ogisijeni na AED.

Nigute ushobora kwirinda ibiti neza nibyago byimbitse byo kwibiza¶

Buri giti kimwe cyica impfu zirashobora kwirindwa mugukurikiza amategeko atanu adashobora kuganirwaho nifu yumunsi yemejwe nishyirahamwe ryigihugu ryimikino ya Ski (* deepsnowsafety.org *) na MountainSafety.info:

• ** 1. Komeza umukunzi wawe muburyo butaziguye mugihe cyose (Ntabwo "guhurira hepfo ya lift") **: Kugenda "hamwe ninshuti" ntacyo bikora zeru niba utandukanije hejuru yiruka ugahurira kuri chalift nyuma yiminota icumi. Mubiti cyangwa muminsi yifu yimbuto, genda muri ** bigufi bisimbuka ** ugumane umukunzi wawe mumurongo utaziguye (cyangwa guhora uhamagara guhamagara no kwitaba buri masegonda 15) kugeza mwembi musohotse mubiti.
• ** 2. Fata amaboko yawe Hanze y'imikandara ya ski pole mbere yo kwinjira muri glade cyangwa off-piste yiruka **: Imishumi ya pole ihindura inkingi zawe za ski zihindurwe inanga zihuza amaboko hejuru yumutwe wawe mugiti cyiza hanyuma uhindure igikumwe / ibitugu kumashami. Reka inkingi zawe zigende uhita utakaza uburimbane.
• ** 3. Wambare ifirimbi nini cyane yo kurokoka ifatanye neza kuruhande rwawe **: Fata cyangwa ushireho ifirimbi ya pulasitike ya decibel 120 ya pisitike (nka Fox 40) kuri jacket zipper yawe cyangwa igikapu cyinyuma cya santimetero 10 gusa (umunwa wa santimetero 4) mukanwa kawe nubwo ushobora kubigeraho ukoresheje amenyo nubwo amaboko yombi yaba afatanye mugituza.
• ** 4. Witwaze transceiver ya avalanche (beacon), isuka y'icyuma ishobora kugwa, hamwe na probe, ndetse IN-BOUNDS muminsi yifu yifu **: Abakinnyi benshi basiganwa ku magare basiga itara ryabo ryitwa avalanche hamwe nisuka mumodoka mugihe barimo guserukira mumipaka. Umunsi uwariwo wose ufite santimetero 30+ (12+ santimetero) z'urubura rushya cyangwa mugihe skiing Resort igiti cya glade, wambare ** 3-antenna ya digitale ya avalanche transceiver (457 kHz) ** muburyo bwa SEND hanyuma witwaze ipaki hamwe namasuka y'icyuma. Umufatanyabikorwa ufite transceiver hamwe namasuka arashobora kwerekana no gucukura umushoferi washyinguwe rwose munsi yigiti muminota ** ** aho kumara iminota 20 ukeka igiti baguyemo.
• ** 5. Uhe ibiti bya coniferi ubugari, ntuzigere uca munsi yumurongo wigitonyanga cyishami **: Guma mumurongo wera ufunguye hagati yibiti aho guhobera ibiti, ugenzure umuvuduko wawe kugirango ubashe guhagarara mbere yo gukubita inzitizi, kandi urebe neza hejuru ya metero 1 (metero 3) "umwana" hejuru yicyatsi kibisi munsi yikibuye gifite uburebure bwa metero 6 zifite uburebure bwa metero 6. Kubijyanye nibihe byihutirwa byimisozi, soma ibyacu gusiganwa ku maguru, urubura, n'impanuka zihanamye, inkangu, na ubutayu hypothermia n'imbeho Kuyobora.

Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa¶

Inkomoko yagenzuwe¶

• Ikigo cy’amajyaruguru yuburengerazuba (NWAC, Reta zunzubumwe zamerika) & Paul Baugher (Umuyobozi ushinzwe irondo rya Crystal Mountain Ski Patrol): * Iriba ryibiti hamwe n’umutekano w’urubura rwimbitse (deepsnowsafety.org) *, Igiti cya Empirical Well Well Immersion Survival Research hamwe na Protocole yo gucukura abafatanyabikorwa.
• Ishyirahamwe ry’imikino yo gusiganwa ku magare (NSAA, Amerika) na Kanada Ishyirahamwe ry’imikino yo mu Burengerazuba bwa Kanada (CWSAA, Kanada): Amabwiriza yo gukumira umutekano w’urubura n’urubura (SIS).
• Komisiyo mpuzamahanga ishinzwe gutabara Alpine (ICAR / CISA-IKAR, Mpuzamahanga / Ubusuwisi) na Sosiyete y'Ubuvuzi yo mu butayu (WMS, Amerika): Amabwiriza y’ubuvuzi bwo gukumira no gucunga abahohotewe n’urubura rutari Avalanche.
• Avalanche Kanada na Ski Patrol yo muri Kanada (Kanada): Iriba ryibiti, kwibiza ifu yimbitse, hamwe nubuziranenge bwa Asphyxial Burial Resuscitation.
• Inama ishinzwe ubutabazi bw’ibihugu by’i Burayi (ERC, Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’i Burayi) n’ishyirahamwe ry’umutima w’abanyamerika (AHA, Amerika): Ibihe bidasanzwe byo kuzura, Hypothermia Impanuka na Porotokole ya Asphyxial Ifatwa.

Kuyobora¶

• Umukino wo gusiganwa ku maguru, urubura, hamwe nimpanuka
• Ibiza
• Ubutayu hypothermia n'imbeho
• Amaboko-gusa CPR