Litiyumu Akagari Ahantu-Gusudira Ikabutura, Amazi ya Acide yamenetse, hamwe no kugurisha ibyuma bitwika¶

Kubaka paki ya batiri ya lithium-ion, gusana imbaho ​​zicapye zicapye (PCBs), no gukora amashanyarazi cyangwa kugurisha ibirahuri byirabura bihuza ububiko bwamashanyarazi menshi, imiti yangiza imiti, hamwe nubushyuhe bukabije bwakorewe kumurimo muto. Kuri selile ya lithium-ion nka ** 18650, 21700, na 26650 selile **, ibyuma byose byo hanze birashobora (harimo urutugu rwo hejuru rwacuramye hafi ya buto yo hagati rwagati) ni ** itumanaho ryiza **, ritandukanijwe numutwe mwiza wazamuwe na gaze ya plastike yoroheje itarenza milimetero 1 (santimetero 0.04) z'ubugari **. Niba probe-welder probe, nikel ya bisi ya nikel, cyangwa ikiraro cya Caliper ikiraro hejuru yigitambara cyacitse urutugu cyangwa igatobora igituba cyoroheje gishyushye, selile ihura numuzingo mugufi wapfuye utanga ** 50 kugeza kuri 150 amperes ** yumuyaga. Mugihe c'igice c'isegonda, umurongo wa nikel urabagirana-ushushe kandi urisudira ku ntoki z'umukoresha, cyangwa uwatandukanije imbere arashonga kandi agatera ** urugomo rwa lithium-ion y’umuriro wa **, uhumeka fluoride ya hydrogène ($ inyandiko {HF} $) ** gaze hamwe n’umuriro urenga dogere selisiyusi 1,470 (Fahrenheit).

Ikintu kimwe gishobora guteza akaga nibikoresho byubushyuhe hamwe nubuvuzi bwa chimique bicaye kuri electronics cyangwa intebe yicyuma. Icyuma gisanzwe kigenzurwa nicyuma gikora hagati ya dogere selisiyusi ** 315 na 450 (dogere 600 na 840 Fahrenheit) **, mugihe nozzles yo mu kirere gishyushye cya SMD igera kuri dogere selisiyusi 500 (dogere 930 Fahrenheit) **, ishobora gutera ako kanya umubyimba wuzuye wuzuye (ucyiciro cya gatatu) ugahita utwika uduce twinshi twa acide yashizwemo. Mugihe ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki rosin hamwe na fluxes idafite isuku irekura imyuka ikangura imyuka (colophony) itera asima ikaze yumurimo, gukora ibyuma biremereye cyane hamwe nibirahure byikirahure birimo ** zinc chloride ($ inyandiko {ZnCl} _2 \(), aside hydrochloric (\) inyandiko {HCl} $), cyangwa ammonium ya chloride ya ammonium. guhumeka. Kumenya gutandukanya umutekano wa nikel mugufi mumapaki ya bateri yahunze utiriwe utwikwa, flux acide flux cyangwa ibicuruzwa byashongeshejwe biva mumaso, gukonjesha ibyuma byimbitse bikongoka, no gucunga acide flux-fume bronchospasm birinda ubumuga bwamaboko buhoraho, kubura amaso, no gutwika mumahugurwa.

Kora ubu¶

1. ** Kanda icyuma kigufi-welder probe cyangwa nikel yaka nikel yubusa ukoresheje inkoni yimbaho idakoreshwa, igikoresho cya pulasitike, cyangwa imashini ikata amashanyarazi, kandi ntuzigere na rimwe ufata ipaki ya batiri ishyushye itukura n'amaboko yambaye ubusa. beto, kwimura icyumba kugirango udahumeka gaze ya hydrogène ya fluoride, hanyuma uhamagare nimero yawe yihutirwa (911 muri Amerika na Kanada, 112 hirya no hino mubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, 999 mu Bwongereza); genzura nimero yihutirwa hanyuma urebe litiro-ion ya batiri irashya.
2. ** Hisha icyuma icyo aricyo cyose cyo gutwika, kugurisha ibicuruzwa byashongeshejwe, cyangwa nikel ishyushye ya nikel yaka munsi y'amazi meza akonje muminota 20 yuzuye ako kanya. Niba igitonyanga gito cyumugurisha ukomeye gifatanye byoroheje hejuru yuruhu, reka amazi atemba yogeje, ariko ** ntuzigere usiba cyangwa ngo usibe ibyuma cyangwa plastike yashonze ihujwe nuruhu rwimbitse **; reba yaka.
3. ** Fungura ijisho iryo ari ryo ryose ryuzuyemo amazi yo kugurisha, paste acide, cyangwa inzoga ya isopropyl munsi y'amazi yoroheje y'amazi atemba byibuze muminota 15 kugeza 30. Niba agace gakomeye k'umugurisha ushushe kaguye mu jisho, koresha buhoro buhoro hamwe n'umunyu wa sterile cyangwa amazi, ** ntugerageze gutoranya umucuruzi ukomeye muri cornea hamwe na tewers **, hanyuma uhite ujya mubyihutirwa cyangwa umuganga w'amaso ako kanya; reba ibikomere by'amaso.
4. ** Himura umuntu uwo ari we wese uzunguruka, gukorora, cyangwa guhumeka neza kugira ngo uhite ugurisha umwotsi wa flux mu kirere cyiza cyo hanze. fasha umuntu hamwe nubushakashatsi bwihuse bwihuse bwa bronchodilator ihumeka (nka albuterol / salbutamol) hanyuma uhamagare ubutabazi bwihuse niba guhumeka bitoroha vuba; reba indwara ya asima.
5. ** Niba umwana cyangwa itungo rimira acide acide flux cyangwa pompe ya pompe, NTIBITUMA kuruka. reba uburozi.
6. ** Kurekura amashanyarazi menshi cyangwa amashanyarazi ya microwave-transformateur-welder capacitori neza kandi igahagarika amashanyarazi mugihe umwubatsi ahuye nikibazo cyamashanyarazi. ntuzigere ukora ku muntu watunguwe kugeza igihe urukuta rucometse cyangwa icyuma kizimye; reba amashanyarazi.

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    Incident -->|"Umwanya wa Bateri-Welding Mugufi, Hissing Cell, cyangwa Red-Hot Nickel Strip"| SpotShort["1. NTUKIGERE ufata selile ngufi cyangwa icyuma cyaka n'amaboko yambaye ubusa <br/> 3. Niba selile ivuza cyangwa itabi, iyimure ipaki mu ndobo yumucanga cyangwa hanze <br/> 4. Sohora icyumba kugirango wirinde umwotsi wa HF uburozi kandi ukuboko gukonje gutwika min 20"]
    Incident -->|"Kugurisha Ibyuma Guhuza, Imbunda Zishyushye, cyangwa Solder Yaka"| IronBurn["1. Kuramo icyuma cyangwa ushire neza mumwanya wicyuma <br/> 2. Ubushyuhe bukonje munsi y'amazi meza atemba muminota 20 yuzuye <br/> 3. Kuraho impeta / amasaha; ntukureho ibicuruzwa byahujwe cyane <br/> 4. Gupfukirana imyambarire idakomeye"]
    Incident -->|"Amazi ya Acide Amazi, Rosin Spatter, cyangwa Solder Pop mumaso"| EyeSplash["1. Hindura ijisho ako kanya munsi y'amazi meza atemba muminota 15 kugeza 30 <br/> 2. Kuraho utuntu two guhuza mugihe cyo kuhira <br/> 3. NTIBIZIGEZE gukuraho ibicuruzwa byagurishijwe kuri cornea hamwe na tewers <br/> 4. Shakisha ubuvuzi bwihuse bwamaso"]
    Incident -->|"Flux Fume Wheezing cyangwa Acide Flux Ingestion"| FumeIngest["Guhumeka: Umwuka mwiza + uhagaze neza + uhumeka gutabara <br/> Kwinjiza: NTIBITE kuruka; kwoza umunwa hanyuma uhamagare kugenzura uburozi / EMS"]

Lithium-ion selile-gusudira ikabutura hamwe na bateri yo guteranya ibintu byihutirwa¶

Kuki silindrike 18650 na 21700 selile ngufi-byoroshye cyane mugihe cyo gusudira ahantu¶

Iyo uteranije lithium-ion cyangwa lithium-fer-fosifate ($ inyandiko {LiFePO} _4 $) ipaki ya batiri ya e-gare, drone, ibikoresho byamashanyarazi, cyangwa ububiko bwizuba, abubatsi bakoresha capacitif-isohora, transformateur, cyangwa lipo ikoreshwa na pulse yibikoresho byo gusudira kugirango bahuze buke ** 0.15-kugeza kuri 0.30-ya santimetero ya nikel.

Ibintu bitatu biranga selile ya silindrike (** 18650, 21700, 26650 **) bitera umutego mugufi wumuzunguruko ukabije kumpera nziza yakagari:

1. ** Icyuma cyose cyuma cyicyuma kibi, kugeza hejuru hejuru yibyiza: ** Bitandukanye na bateri yo murugo AA alkaline aho ikoti yicyuma yo hanze iba nziza, silindrike ya lithium-ion selile yose yashizwemo ibyuma byimbitse, harimo na ** igororotse hejuru yizengurutse (urutugu) ** ikikije buto nziza ya anode **. Gusa igipande cyoroshye cya pulasitike yiziritse hamwe nigipfunyika cya PVC cyoroshye wongeyeho impeta ifata ifi-impapuro zifata imashini itandukanya buto nziza yo hagati hagati yigitugu kibi kiri munsi ya milimetero 1 (santimetero 0.04) kure **.
2. ** Umuvuduko wa probe hamwe na arc guhuha: ** Niba uwukoresha akanda electrode ebyiri zumuringa-gusudira electrode hasi kuburyo bugoramye kuburyo iperereza rimwe ryamanutse hejuru yumutwe mwiza wazamuye hejuru yigitugu cyo hejuru cyigitugu, cyangwa niba ingufu za weld pulse zaka cyane ziciye mumuzingo muto wa PVC hamwe nimpeta y-amafi munsi yumurongo wa nikel.
3. ** Ikabutura ibangikanye na kasike ya kasike: ** Mu gipaki kinini cya batiri ya selile (nka paki ya 13S5P cyangwa 20S10P e-gare ya e-gare), iyo itsinda rihwanye na selile 5 kugeza kuri 10 rihuzwa na bisi ya nikel, igata umutegetsi wicyuma, Allen wrench, cyangwa nikel ya nikel irekuye mumatsinda abiri yegeranye ahita ajugunya ** amagana ya amperes **.

Intambwe ku yindi igisubizo kuri bateri-gusudira mugufi cyangwa selile¶

1. ** Sever cyangwa ukureho uruziga rugufi udakoze ku cyuma gishyushye hamwe nuruhu rwambaye ubusa: **
2. Gumana ibice bibiri bya ** bikarishye, VDE ikingiwe na diagonal flush ikata ** (cyangwa ihahamuka riremereye / amabati akoresheje imikandara yiziritse) mumaboko ageze kuntebe igihe cyose mugihe cyo gusudira ahantu.
3. Niba nikel ikabutura ikabutura ku rutugu rw'akagari hanyuma igatangira gucana orange cyangwa kunywa itabi, ** ntugafate umurongo n'intoki zawe **. Ako kanya uhite unyura mu gice kigufi cyumurongo wa nikel hamwe nudukariso twa insuline kugirango ucike amashanyarazi, cyangwa ukureho umurongo urekuye ukoresheje dowel yimbaho ​​cyangwa spudger.
4. ** Reba ubushyuhe bugufi bwakagari hanyuma wumve guhumeka imbere: **
5. ** Niba waratandukanije mugihe gito mumasegonda 1 kugeza kuri 2 kandi selile irashyuha gusa (<45 ° C / 113 ° F) nta gutontoma: ** Shyira akagari kuruhande hanze cyangwa mumashanyarazi adafite umuriro ammo can / indobo kumasaha 24 kugirango ukonje kandi ukurikirane. Utugingo ngengabuzima twinshi twiza dufite umuvuduko wimbere ukoreshwa ** Igikoresho gihagarika (CID) ** na ** Impinduka nziza yubushyuhe (PTC) ** impeta munsi yumutwe mwiza ukanda burundu gufungura mugihe gito, bigatuma selile yapfuye neza kuri 0.0 volt. Ntuzigere ugerageza gusubiramo CID yikubye usunika screwdriver mumyobo yo hejuru.
6. ** Niba selile irimo gushyuha byihuse (> 60 ° C / 140 ° F), gutontoma, gutontoma, gukanda, cyangwa gusohora umwotsi wera / imvi: ** Guhunga ubushyuhe byatangiye imbere muri jelly-roll electrode. Mu masegonda 5 kugeza 30, selile irashobora gutwika kuri dogere selisiyusi ** 800 kugeza 1.000 (dogere 1,470 kugeza 1.830 Fahrenheit) ** cyangwa igaturika hejuru yayo hanyuma igatangiza imbere imbere mucyumba nka roketi.
7. ** Tandukanya akagari cyangwa igihunga cyahunze hanyuma uhite uhita umwotsi wuburozi: **
8. Ukoresheje ibyuma birebire by'icyuma, amasuka, cyangwa uruhu ruremereye rwo gusudira (gusa mbere yuko umuriro waka), fata selile itabi cyangwa ugapakira mu ndobo ya ** icyuma cyuzuye igice cyuzuye umucanga wumye cyangwa vermiculite ** hanyuma ukitwaza cyangwa ukayinyerera hanze kure y’umuriro, cyangwa ukayikubita hasi kuri beto yambaye ubusa hanyuma ** ukava mucyumba ako kanya **, ugafunga umuryango inyuma yawe.
9. ** Ntugahumeke igicu cyumuyaga cyera cyangwa imvi: ** Litiyumu-ion electrolyte irimo lithium hexafluorophosphate ($ inyandiko {LiPF} _6 \() yashonga mumashanyarazi ya karubone. Iyo yashyutswe cyangwa ihuye nubushyuhe bwo mu kirere (cyangwa mu bihaha byawe), ibora muri ** hydrogène fluoride (\) inyandiko {HF} \() gaze ** na fluor ya fosifori (\) inyandiko {POF} _3 $), hamwe na monoxyde de carbone na hydrogen cyanide. Guhumeka ndetse no guhumeka gake ya gaze ya batiri yuzuye imbere mucyumba gito cyo kuraramo cyangwa mu igaraje rya garage birashobora gutera ubukererwe bukabije bwibihaha byimiti nuburozi bwa fluoride; reba litiro-ion ya batiri irashya na aside hydrofluoric, kuvanaho ingese, hamwe no kutabogama kwangiza.
10. ** Kuzimya no gukonjesha ipaki yaka-selile yaka n'amazi menshi (iyo imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi imaze guhagarara): **
11. Bitandukanye na batiri yibanze ya lithium yibanze, selile zisubirwamo ** lithium-ion ** zirimo lithium nkeya cyane kandi igashya cyane bitewe nubushyuhe bwumuriro hamwe no gutwika ibinyabuzima. Igeragezwa rya serivisi ishinzwe kuzimya umuriro (NFPA na UL FSRI) ryemeza ko ** ingano nini y’amazi asanzwe ** akoreshwa kuva kure y’umutekano aribwo buryo bwiza cyane bwo gukonjesha ingirabuzimafatizo zegeranye mu gipaki cy’utugari twinshi munsi y’urugero rw’umuriro (** - 130 kugeza 150 ° C / 265 kugeza 300 ° F **) no guhagarika ikwirakwizwa rya casade kuva mu kagari kugera mu kagari. .

Kugurisha ibyuma, gukora umuyaga ushyushye, hamwe na nikel yera ishyushye¶

Kuki intebe ya elegitoroniki yaka yimbitse kuruta uko isa¶

Ibyuma bya elegitoroniki n'abubaka bateri bafite uburyo butatu bwo gutwika amashyuza ku biganza no ku kuboko:

1. ** Kugurisha ibyuma bitaziguye cyangwa guhuza (315 kugeza 450 ° C / 600 kugeza 840 ° F): ** Kuberako icyuma cyo kugurisha gifite ikintu cyinshi cya ceramic ceramic cyangwa indivive yo gushyushya kanda ku cyuma cyumuringa, gikora kuri barrale cyangwa ku isegonda ndetse na ** 0.5 amasegonda ** ihererekanya ingufu zumuriro uhagije kugirango uhuze umubyimba wa epidermal ako kanya, uhindure umurongo utambitse wuruhu rwuzuye uruhu rwinshi umubyimba wuzuye).
2. ** Incandescent ngufi ya nikel yerekana ibicuruzwa byaka (600 kugeza 1.000 ° C / 1,100 kugeza 1.830 ° F): ** Iyo umwubatsi agerageje kugerageza gukubita no gukuramo akabuto kagufi ka milimetero 0.2 akoresheje igikumwe n'urutoki rwabo, umurongo ugaragaza umwobo wimbitse hejuru y'urutoki hamwe n'imitsi ya digitale, akenshi ugasiga uruhu rwa karubone rwahujwe n'icyuma.
3. ** Ibitonyanga bigurishwa byashongeshejwe hamwe na flux spatter (183 kugeza 400 ° C / 361 kugeza 750 ° F): ** Iyo amazi atose yafatiwe mumutwe wangiritse, ugashyirwa mu mwobo, cyangwa insinga zometseho insinga zishushe biturika, itera imitwe ya tin-firimu yashonze cyangwa idafite isasu (amabati-feza-umuringa), winyuma yumugongo wintoki.

Intambwe ku yindi ubufasha bwambere bwo kugurisha no gutwika ibibanza¶

1. ** Kurinda igikoresho gishyushye kugirango kidashobora gutwika intebe: ** Fata icyuma kigurisha usubire mucyuma cyacyo kiremereye cyangwa ukure umugozi w'amashanyarazi mbere yo kuvura ikiganza cyawe; icyuma cyamanutse 400 ° C gisigaye kiryamye ku matiku yo gutema, impapuro zishushanyije, cyangwa icupa rya alcool ya isopropyl bizakongeza intebe yakazi mugihe uri kurohama.
2. ** Kuhira umuriro munsi y'amazi meza akonje muminota 20 yuzuye: **
3. Fata intoki zahiye, ukuboko, cyangwa ukuboko munsi y'amazi meza, akonje atemba (** hafi dogere selisiyusi 15 / dogere 59 Fahrenheit **) kuminota ** 20 iminota ikomeza **; reba yaka.
4. Gukonjesha iminota 20 ako kanya bitwara ubushyuhe busigaye muri dermis, bigahagarika na nérosose ya selile ikomeza muri zone ya stasis, kandi bigabanya cyane ibisebe, ububabare, hamwe ninkovu zinkovu zifatanije nintoki.
5. ** Ntukigere ushyira urubura, amazi ya barafu, gukonjesha spray (circuit chiller aerosol), amavuta, umuti wamenyo, cyangwa paste yumuriro wa hoteri (amavuta ya Arctic Silver / silicone amavuta) kugirango utwike.
6. ** Koresha neza ibitonyanga bigurishwa kuruhu neza: **
7. Kubera ko ubuhehere bwuruhu butera microscopique vapor layer (ingaruka ya Leidenfrost) kandi amavuta yuruhu abuza uwagurishije gutonyanga nta flux, ibitonyanga bito byumudandaza ushonga bisuka kuruhu rwuzuye mubisanzwe bikomera mugice gito cyamasegonda hanyuma bikazunguruka cyangwa bikicara kuri epidermis yuzuye. Reka amazi meza yoroheje yoza amasaro yagurishijwe kure.
8. ** Niba ikidendezi kinini cyagurishijwe cyashongeshejwe cyangwa cyashongeshejwe cya pulasitike / ubushyuhe bugabanya ubushyuhe bwinjijwe neza muruhu rwimbitse, rwaka, ntukure cyangwa ngo ucukure hamwe na teweri.
9. ** Kurinda ibisebe no gupfukirana imyambarire idahwitse: **
10. ** Ntukigere ucuranga, amacumu, cyangwa igishishwa cyaka ku ntoki cyangwa ku kiganza ** ukoresheje icyuma cyishimisha cyangwa urushinge rwo kudoda. Uruhu rwuzuye neza ni umubiri mwiza wimyororokere yimyororokere hejuru ya dermisi mbisi.
11. Gupfukirana ibicanwa bikonje ukoresheje imyenda idafite inkoni (nka peteroli ya peteroli cyangwa silicone idakurikiza / firime ya firime) ifite umutekano wa roller yoroshye.
12. ** Menya igihe gutwika ikiganza cyangwa urutoki bisaba kwisuzumisha byihutirwa: **
13. Gutwika kwose kugaragara ** kwera kwera, ibishashara, gutwikwa, cyangwa uruhu **, cyangwa ukumva ucuramye hagati mugihe ukoraho byoroheje (byerekana umubyimba wimbitse cyangwa umubyimba wuzuye).
14. Gutwika kwose kuzengurutse ** kuzengurutse ** kuzengurutse urutoki (nko gutwika impeta ngufi) cyangwa kurenga flexor crees yo guhuza urutoki, umwanya wurubuga, cyangwa ukuboko, aho amasezerano yinkovu ashobora kubangamira burundu imikorere yintoki.
15. Gutwika kwose guterwa na ** electrolyte iva muri selile ya lithium-ion ** (ishobora kuba irimo aside hydrofluoric yangirika isaba ubuvuzi bwa calcium calcium gluconate gel ** kuvura mubitaro; reba aside hydrofluoric, kuvanaho ingese, hamwe no kutabogama kwangiza).

Acide igurisha flux isuka, imyotsi ya rosin, n'amaso¶

Gutandukanya ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki rosin flux na acide yangirika ikora ibyuma¶

Ibintu byose byo kugurisha ntabwo bitera akaga kamwe. Mugihe cyihutirwa, reba icupa rya flux, syringe, cyangwa paste tin label ako kanya kugirango umenye icyiciro cyimiti urimo ukora:

Intambwe ku yindi ubufasha bwambere bwa flux cyangwa uwagurishije yashongeshejwe mumaso¶

1. Amazi ya aside irike, flux paste, cyangwa flux flux spatter mumaso¶

1. ** Tangira kuhira amaso mu masegonda 10: ** Genda uhite ujya kuri sitasiyo yijisho, igikoni cyo mu gikoni, cyangwa kwiyuhagira hanyuma usukure ijisho ryanduye munsi yumugezi woroheje, uhoraho wamazi meza ya robine cyangwa saline isanzwe kuri ** byibuze iminota 15 kugeza 30 ikomeza ** (iminota 30 byibuze kuri zinc chloride, aside hydrochloric, cyangwa fluoride flux); reba ibikomere by'amaso na gutwika cyane no gutemba imiti.
2. ** Shyira umutwe kugirango amazi yanduye ahunge nijisho ridakomeretse: ** Shyira umutwe kuruhande hamwe nijisho ryakomeretse hepfo werekeza kumugezi kugirango zinc chloride yangiza cyangwa aside idakaraba hejuru yikiraro cyizuru ijisho ryiza.
3. ** Fata ijisho rifunguye kandi uzunguruze ijisho mu mpande zose: ** Ububabare bwa chimique butera gukubita ijisho ridafite ubushake (blepharospasm) rifata aside irike imbere yubusambanyi bwo hejuru no hepfo (umufuka wimbitse munsi yijisho). Koresha urutoki rwawe nintoki kugirango ufate umupfundikizo mugihe ureba hejuru, hepfo, ibumoso, niburyo munsi yumugezi wamazi.
4. ** Kuraho lens ya contact nyuma yiminota 1 kugeza kuri 2 yo koza bwa mbere: ** Ntuzigere utinda gutangira kuhira amazi kugirango ubanze ukureho lens ya contact, ariko ukureho lens imaze kumeneka kugirango acide idafatwa na cornea.
5. ** Shakisha ubuvuzi bwihutirwa cyangwa ubuvuzi bwibitaro ukimara koza: ** Zana kontineri ya flux cyangwa Data Data Sheet (SDS) murwego rushinzwe ubutabazi kugirango abaganga basuzume hejuru ya ocular pH hamwe nimpapuro za litimusi kandi bakomeze kuhira kugeza igihe pH yijisho risubiye mubisanzwe (** 7.0 kugeza 7.4 **).

2. Igitonyanga gikomeye kigurishwa gitonyanga mumaso¶

Iyo umugurisha utose uhurije hamwe hanyuma ukarasa igitonyanga cyamabati yashongeshejwe cyangwa SAC305 ugurisha udafite isasu (** 183 kugeza 220+ ° C **) mumaso adakingiwe:

1. ** Kuhira ako kanya ukoresheje saline nziza ya sterile cyangwa amazi meza ya robine muminota mike: ** Filime yamosozi kuri cornea ihita izimya kandi igakomera igitonyanga gito cyicyuma mukibabi cyoroshye, kigoramye gikozwe muburyo bwa cornea cyangwa gishyizwe munsi yumutwe. Gukonjesha ako kanya bigabanya kwangirika kwubushyuhe kuri epitelium yimbere.
2. ** NTUKIGERE ugerageza gutoranya, gutondagura, cyangwa gukuramo igurisha rikomeye kugurisha ijisho ukoresheje tewers, urutoki, cyangwa ipamba: ** Kugerageza gufata agace kagoramye k'umugurisha wiziritse kuri cornea murugo byoroshye gukuramo epitelium yose ya corneal cyangwa bikomeretsa troma.
3. ** Funga amaso yombi munsi yikingira ryoroheje hanyuma ujye mubyihutirwa cyangwa muganga wamaso: ** Inzobere yijisho izashyiramo igitonyanga cya anesthetic sterile, izamure flake yagurishijwe neza neza munsi ya microscope yamatara, yandike cornea hamwe na fluorescein, hanyuma wandike ibitonyanga bya antibiotike. Igitangaje, iyo ibicuruzwa bigurishwa bitagaragara bikonjeshwa ako kanya hanyuma bigakurwaho bidasanzwe ninzobere idafite ibyangiritse murugo, epitelium ya corneal ikira rwose mumasaha 48 kugeza 72.

Imfashanyo yambere yo kugurisha flux fume guhumeka no kuribwa¶

• ** Rosin (colophony) cyangwa acide flux fume ihumeka: ** Niba hobbyist cyangwa umutekinisiye arwaye inkorora, gutwika umuhogo, gukomera mu gatuza, cyangwa gutontoma mugihe agurisha hejuru y'intebe idafite icyuma gikuramo umwotsi, funga sitasiyo yo kugurisha ako kanya, wimure uwo muntu mumyuka myiza yo hanze, yambure imyenda ikomeye, hanyuma abicare neza. Niba bafite asima cyangwa bitwaje imiti ihumeka ya bronchodilator (albuterol / salbutamol), ubafashe kuyifata; reba indwara ya asima. Niba guhuha, stridor (urusaku rwinshi rwo guhumeka), cyangwa guhumeka bikomeje, cyane cyane nyuma yo guhumeka ** zinc chloride, aside hydrochloric, cyangwa fluor flux fume **, hamagara ubutabazi bwihuse (911/112/999).
• ** Kwinjira mu buryo butunguranye bwamazi (akenshi abikwa mumacupa cyangwa ibikombe bitanditseho): ** Amazi yanduye-ibirahuri cyangwa amazi yo mumazi asa nkamazi meza cyangwa umutobe wumuhondo kandi bikunze kumirwa kubwimpanuka nabana cyangwa nabantu bakuru bibeshya igikombe cya flux kumuntebe kugirango banywe. ** Ntuzigere utera kuruka ** na ** ntuzigere utanga soda yo guteka (sodium bicarbonate) kugirango ihindure aside yatewe ** (itera gaze ya exothermic gaze ishobora gutobora igifu cyaka). Koza kandi ucire umunwa neza n'amazi, utange amazi make cyangwa amata yo kunywa ** gusa mugihe umurwayi afite ubwenge, kuba maso, kandi abasha kumira nta bubabare cyangwa gutemba **, hanyuma uhamagare kurwanya uburozi (1-800-222-1222 muri Amerika) cyangwa 911/112/999 ako kanya; reba uburozi.

Kurongora kwirinda uburozi hamwe na elegitoroniki intebe yumutekano¶

Mugihe uburozi bukabije bwa gurşide butabaho muguhumeka umwotsi usanzwe wubushyuhe bwicyuma gisanzwe (kuko icyuma cyitwa metallic gitanga gusa imyuka ihambaye hejuru ya ** 480 kugeza kuri dogere selisiyusi 900 / dogere 900 Fahrenheit **, hejuru yubushyuhe busanzwe bwa dogere 350 ° C), uburozi bwa chronique karande bubaho binyuze mumaboko ya okiside yanduye, hamwe nudukoko twinshi twanduye.

• ** Ibirahuri byumutekano ANSI Z87.1 cyangwa kumenagura amadarubindi mugihe cyo kugurisha no gusudira ahantu hose: ** Ibicuruzwa byo hanze yubururu, ibicuruzwa byacishijwe bugufi biguruka biguruka ku muvuduko mwinshi, kandi ibishashara byo gusudira bibaho nta nteguza.
• ** Impapuro za sayiri (ifi-impapuro) izenguruka kuri buri selire ya lithium-ion ya selile: ** Ntuzigere ubona-gusudira ipaki ya batiri ya 18650 cyangwa 21700 utabanje gushyiramo impeta ya insulator yometse hejuru yigitugu cyiza cya buri selire no kugenzura ibipfunyika bya selile bya PVC kuri nik.
• ** Indobo yumucanga wicyuma hamwe na VDE ikozwe mumashanyarazi ku ntebe ya batiri: ** Gumana ibice byabugenewe byo gukata amashanyarazi hamwe nicyuma cyuzuye igice cyuzuyemo umucanga wumye kuruhande rwumudozi wawe.
• ** Gumana inzoga ya isopropyl yaka (IPA) ifunze kandi kure yicyuma gishyushye hamwe no gusudira ahantu: ** Ntuzigere usiga igikombe cyangwa igituba gifunguye cya 91% cyangwa 99% inzoga ya isopropyl PCB isukura hafi yumuriro ushyushye cyangwa gusudira aho batangirira; ikibatsi kimwe cyaka umuriro utagaragara wa alcool yubururu hejuru yintebe.
• ** Gukuramo ibimera bifatika: ** Koresha icyuma gikuramo ibicuruzwa bya ESD gifite umutekano hamwe na ** HEPA + uburiri bwimbitse bwakorewe muyunguruzi ya karubone ** (cyangwa hanze hanze) yashyizwe hagati ya santimetero 15 na 25 (santimetero 6 kugeza kuri 10) z'icyuma. Ibipimo byoroheje byirabura bya karubone-ifuro byonyine ntibifata sub-micron rosin cyangwa imyuka ya aside.
• ** Gukaraba intoki kandi nta biryo cyangwa ibinyobwa ku ntebe yagurishijwe: ** Ntukigere urya, kunywa, kunywa itabi, cyangwa vape ku ntebe ya elegitoroniki, kandi koza intoki ukoresheje isabune n'amazi (cyangwa isabune ya D-Lead) nyuma yo gukoresha umucuruzi uyobora (60/40 cyangwa 63/37 SnPb) cyangwa isuku y'umuringa.

Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa¶

Urashobora kubona uburozi bukabije bwa sisitemu yo guhumeka umwotsi uzamuka 60/40 ugurisha ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki?¶

Ku bikoresho bisanzwe bya elegitoroniki bigurisha ubushyuhe bwa dogere selisiyusi 315 kugeza kuri 380 (dogere 600 kugeza 715 Fahrenheit), umwotsi wera ugaragara uva mu gihimba ni hafi 100 ku ijana bya rozine cyangwa flux organique, ntabwo ari imyuka ihumeka, kubera ko icyuma cyitwa metallic kidatanga imyuka ihumanya ikirere kugeza gishyushye hejuru ya dogere selisiyusi (900). Nyamara, uwo mwotsi ugaragara uracyari mubi guhumeka kuko pine rosine ya pine rosine (colophony) irimo acide acide na aldehydes ikangura inzira yumuyaga kandi igatera asima yumurimo. Kwinjira kwa sisitemu kuva kugurisha bibaho cyane cyane binyuze mumaboko kumunwa mugihe ukoze umugozi wogucuruza, umugozi, cyangwa isuku yumuringa hanyuma ugakora ibiryo, ibinyobwa, cyangwa umunwa wawe udakaraba intoki.

Kuki bateri yanjye 18650 yaka cyane kandi ikazunguza nikel umurongo utukura-nshyushye nkora ku isonga rya selire gusa?¶

Bitandukanye na bateri yo murugo AA aho icyuma cyo hanze cyicyuma kiba cyiza, silinderi yicyuma yose ya selile ya 18650 cyangwa 21700 ya lithium-ion ni terefone mbi, harimo icyuma kibase (igitugu) cyanyerera hafi yuruhande rwimbere rwakagari. Akabuto kazamuye hagati ya positif nziza yatandukanijwe nicyo gitugu cyo hanze kitarenze milimetero 1 (santimetero 0,04) zidafite insimburangingo ya pulasitike yoroheje hamwe no gupfunyika ubushyuhe bwa PVC. Niba probe yawe yo gusudira cyangwa umurongo wa nikel ukanda hasi ugoramye, ukanyerera kuri buto yo hagati, cyangwa ugashonga ukoresheje igipfunyika cyometse hejuru kumurongo wo hejuru, urema uruziga rugufi rwapfuye hagati yumutwe mwiza nibibi bishobora guta amperes zirenga 100 zumwanya uhita.

Nakora iki niba umupira muto wumucuruzi ushongesheje winjiye mumaso yanjye mugihe cyo kugurisha?¶

Hita uhanagura amaso yawe witonze ukoresheje saline nziza ya sterile cyangwa amazi meza ya robine yamazi meza muminota mike, ukureho lens iyo ariyo yose niba ihari, kandi ntuzigere ugerageza gutoranya cyangwa gukuraho icyuma gikomeye cyakuwe mumaso yawe ukoresheje tewers cyangwa ipamba. Kuberako firime yamosozi kumaso yawe ikonjesha akantu gato mumasegonda, uwagurishije arakomera mumashanyarazi yoroheje agoramye kuri cornea cyangwa conjunctiva. Kugerageza kubyikuramo ubwawe birashobora kwiyambura hejuru ya corneal cyangwa guhumura ijisho, mugihe umuganga w'amaso cyangwa umuganga wihutirwa ashobora kuniga ijisho no kuzamura isaro rikomeye neza kuri microscope.

Ni ukubera iki ibirahuri byirahure cyangwa amazi yo kugurisha ibintu byangiza cyane amaso nibihaha kuruta ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki?¶

Umugurisha wa elegitoroniki asanzwe akoresha rosine yoroheje (pine sap) cyangwa intege nke zidafite isuku zagenewe kwirinda kwangirika kwumuringa wumuringa. Ibinyuranye na byo, amazi aremereye cyane hamwe na paste flux ikozwe mubirahure byanduye, imiyoboro y'amazi y'umuringa, ibyuma by'urupapuro, cyangwa ibyuma bitagira umwanda birimo aside irike (cyane cyane zinc chloride kuri 20 kugeza kuri 50%, chloride ammonium, na aside hydrochloric) cyangwa fluoride yangirika. Kumenagura aside ya zinc chloride mu jisho bitera gutwika imiti yihuse kandi yimbitse ishobora guhumeka cornea burundu muminota mike keretse iyo uhise uhumeka amazi atemba muminota 15 kugeza 30, kandi ugahumeka umwuka wumwuka wa acide urashobora gukomeretsa bikabije mumyuka yumuyaga.

• Aka gatabo gatanga imyiteguro yihutirwa namakuru yubufasha bwambere bwo guteranya ibikoresho bya batiri, kugurisha, nimpanuka ziterwa n’imiti kandi ntibisimbuza amahugurwa y’ubuhanga bw’amashanyarazi cyangwa ubuvuzi. Tekereza gufata ubufasha bwambere bwemewe hamwe na CPR muri Croix-Rouge, Ambulance ya St John, cyangwa umuryango w’umutekano w’igihugu. *

Kuyobora¶

• Batiri ya Litiyumu-ion irashya, e-gare iturika, hamwe nubushyuhe bwumuriro
• Amashanyarazi, imiti, n'amashanyarazi
• Gutwika bikabije no gutemba imiti
• Acide Hydrofluoric, kuvanaho ingese, hamwe no gutwika imiti
• Gukomeretsa kw'amaso no kumena imiti
• Amashanyarazi n'amashanyarazi ubufasha bwambere

Inkomoko yagenzuwe¶

• Umuyobozi mukuru w’ubuzima n’umutekano (HSE, Ubwongereza): Kugenzura ingaruka z’ubuzima ziva muri Rosin (Colophony) zishingiye kuri Solder Flux Fume (INDG249 / EH40 Imipaka yerekana aho ikorera)
• Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe umutekano n’ubuzima (NIOSH / CDC, Amerika): Igitabo gikubiyemo umufuka w’ingaruka ziterwa n’imiti ya Zinc Chloride Fume, Hydrogen Chloride, na Rosin Core Solder Pyrolysis Products
• Ishyirahamwe ry’igihugu rishinzwe kurinda umuriro (NFPA, Amerika) hamwe n’ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi cy’umutekano w’umuriro UL (UL FSRI): Ubushyuhe bwa Batiri ya Litiyumu-Ion, Uburozi bwa Gaz (Venture Fluoride), hamwe n’amabwiriza yo kurwanya umuriro.
• Ishuri Rikuru ry’amaso ry’Abanyamerika (AAO, Amerika): Imicungire yihutirwa yo gutwika imiti ya Ocular (Zinc Chloride / Acide Fluxes) na Intraocular / Corneal Molten Metal Metal yo hanze
• Ubuyobozi bushinzwe umutekano n’ubuzima (OSHA, Amerika): Kuyobora mu bwubatsi n’inganda rusange (29 CFR 1910.1025) hamwe n’ibikoresho byo kurinda amaso no kurinda amaso (29 CFR 1910.133)