Skip to content

IiShorts zokuWelding zeLithium Cell, iAcid Flux Spills, kunye nokutshiswa kwentsimbi

Emergency numbers differ by country. This page uses 911, the number for the United States and Canada. Many other countries use 112, 999, or another number. Find the number for your country.

Ukwakha iipakethi zebhetri ze-lithium-ion, ukulungisa iibhodi zesekethe eziprintiweyo (PCBs), kunye nokwenza imibhobho okanye i-stained-glass soldering idibanisa ukugcinwa kombane ophezulu wamandla, i-corrosive chemical fluxes, kunye nobushushu obugqithiseleyo bendawo kwi-compact workbench. Kwiiseli ze-cylindrical ze-lithium-ion ezifana ** 18650, 21700, kunye neeseli ze-26650 , yonke intsimbi yangaphandle yangaphandle (kubandakanya igxalaba eliphezulu eligobileyo elijikeleze iqhosha eliphakathi elilungileyo) yi ** i-terminal engalunganga , yahlulwe kwi-cap ephakanyisiweyo ephakanyisiweyo ngeplastiki enqabileyo yokukhusela i-gasket engaphantsi kwe-0. Ukuba i-spot-welder probe, i-nickel busbar strip, okanye iibhulorho zecaliper zentsimbi ukuwela isisongelo segxala elikrazukileyo okanye igqobhoze iityhubhu ecekethekileyo ethoba ubushushu, iseli ifumana ubunzima ngoko nangoko efileyo okuzisa 50 ukuya ngaphezulu kwe-150 amperes yangoku. Ngaphakathi kwesiqingatha sesibini, umcu we-nickel ukhanya mhlophe-ushushu kwaye uzidibanisa kwiminwe yomsebenzisi, okanye isahluli sangaphakathi siyanyibilika kwaye sibangele i-lithium-ion enobundlobongela ebalekayo yobushushu, ikhupha ityhefu i-hydrogen fluoride (\(\text{HF}\)) igesi kunye ne-jetting flames kwi-degrees Celsius 18000 ngaphezu kwe- 1800

Ngokulinganayo yingozi izixhobo ezishushu kunye neekhemikhali eziguquguqukayo ezihleli kwi-electronics okanye ibhentshi yentsimbi. Incam yentsimbi elawulwa ngamaqondo obushushu isebenza phakathi 315 kunye 450 degrees celcius (600 kunye 840 degrees Fahrenheit), lo gama imilomo eshushu ye-SMD esebenza ngokutsha ifikelela ku-500 degrees Celsius (930 degrees Fahrenheit), ekwaziyo ukubetha ngokukhawuleza ukutyeba okugcweleyo (third-thick-thickness of the third-third-thickness) ukuqukuqela kweasidi ebilayo ngqo kwiliso elingakhuselekanga. Ngelixa i-electronics rosin kunye ne-non-clean fluxes zikhupha i-pulmonary sensitizing fumes (colophony) ethi ibangele i-asthma emsebenzini, i-heavy-duty metalworking kunye ne-stained-glass fluxes iqulethe i-concentrated **zinc chloride (\(\text{ZnCl}_2\)), i-hydrochloric acid (\(\text) ibangela i-chemical chloride (\)\text) ukutshisa kunye ne-edema yomoya ophezulu ukuba utshiziwe okanye uphefumle. Ukwazi indlela yokuqhawula ngokukhuselekileyo umcu we-nickel omfutshane kwipakethi yebhetri ebalekayo ngaphandle kokutshiswa, ukugungxulwa kweasidi okanye isitshizi se-solder esinyibilikisiweyo, ukutshisa okupholileyo kwentsimbi, kunye nokulawula i-acute flux-fume bronchospasm kuthintela ukukhubazeka kwesandla ngokusisigxina, ukulahleka kombono, kunye nomlilo weworkshop.

Yenza oku ngoku

  1. *Betha ibala elifutshane le-welder probe okanye intambo yenickel ekhazimlayo simahla usebenzisa intonga yomthi engaqhubekiyo, isixhobo seplastiki, okanye izitshizi ezigungxulwayo NGOKUNGONGAPHO, kwaye UNGAZE ubambe ipakethi yebhetri ebomvu-eshushu emfutshane ngezandla ezingenanto. iseli okanye ipakethe kwi-emele yentsimbi ezaliswe yisanti okanye ngaphandle kwikhonkrithi, phuma kwigumbi ukuze ungaphefumli igesi eyityhefu yehydrogen fluoride, kwaye ufowunele inombolo yakho kaxakeka yendawo (911 eUnited States naseKhanada, 112 ngaphesheya kweManyano yaseYurophu, 999 eUnited Kingdom); khangela amanani kaxakeka kwaye ubone imililo yebhetri ye-lithium-ion.
  2. Pholisa nakuphi na ukutsha kwentsimbi, ukutshizwa kwe-solder etyhidiweyo, okanye umcwe we-nickel omhlophe oshushu utshiswe phantsi kwamanzi aphuma empompo apholileyo kangangemizuzu engama-20 egcweleyo ngoko nangoko. Susa imisesane, iiwotshi kunye nezacholo kwisandla esitshileyo ngoko nangoko phambi kokuba kuqale ukudumba. Ukuba ithontsi elincinci le-solder elomeleleyo lincanyatheliswe kancinci kumphezulu wolusu, vumela amanzi abalekayo alihlambe, kodwa ungaze ukrole okanye ukhuhle isinyithi okanye iplastiki enyibilikisiweyo edityaniswe kwisikhumba esitshisayo; bona ukutsha.
  3. Guqula naliphi na iliso elitshizwe ngolwelo lwesoldering flux, intlama yeasidi, okanye utywala obuyi-isopropyl phantsi kwamanzi athambileyo adikidiki ahambayo ubuncinci kangangemizuzu eli-15 ukuya kuma-30 eqhubekayo. Bamba iinkophe zivuleke ngeminwe yakho ngelixa uqengqelezisa ukhozo lweliso macala onke. Ukuba ibala eliqinileyo lesolder eshushu liwele esweni, gubha ngobunono ngesaline ecocekileyo okanye amanzi, ungazami ukuchola isolder eyomeleleyo kwikhonea ngezitshixo, kwaye uye kwigumbi likaxakeka okanye ugqirha wamehlo ngoko nangoko; bona ukwenzakala kwamehlo.
  4. Susa nabani na ophefumlayo, okhohlelayo, okanye ophefumlayo ekuthengiseni umsi oqukuqelayo uye kumoya omtsha wangaphandle ngokukhawuleza. Irosin (colophony) umsi we-solder kunye ne-vaporized zinc chloride acid flux zizithukuthezi ezinamandla zomoya ezinokubangela i-bronchospasm eqatha kunye nokuhlaselwa sisifuba; ukuncedisa umntu nge-inhaler emiselweyo yokukhupha i-bronchodilator ekhawulezayo (efana ne-albuterol/salbutamol) kwaye ufowunele iinkonzo zikaxakeka ukuba ukuphefumla akukhawulezi ngokukhawuleza; bona ukuhlaselwa sisifuba.
  5. Ukuba umntwana okanye isilwanyana sasekhaya siginya i-asidi yolwelo lwe-soldering flux okanye intlama ye-plumbing, MUSA ukugabha. Hlanza umlomo ngamanzi, rhabula kancinci amanzi okanye ubisi kuphela xa umntu ethe qwa kwaye ekwazi ukuginya ngaphandle kokukhohlela, kwaye utsalele umnxeba kwiziko lakho lesizwe lolawulo lwetyhefu (1-800-222-1222 inombolo yasekuhlaleni kaxakeka ngokukhawuleza eUnited States); bona ukutyhefa.
  6. Khupha unikezelo lwamandla ombane ophezulu okanye i-microwave-transformer spot-welder capacitors ngokukhuselekileyo kwaye uqhawule umbane ongundoqo ukuba umakhi wothuswa ngumbane. Iiwelder zendawo ezitshiphu zeDIY ezakhiwe ngeziguquli ze-oven microwave ezilungisiweyo (MOTs) zinokuvuza kubulala 2,000-volt AC ukugquma okuphambili ukuya kwesibini; ungaze ubambe umntu owothukileyo de kucinywe iplagi yodonga okanye ibreaker; bona ukothuka kombane.
flowchart TD
    Start["I-Soldering, i-Flux, okanye i-Battery Bench Emergency"] --> Incident{"Loluphi uhlobo lonxunguphalo lwebhentshi olwenzekile?"}
    Incident -->|"I-Battery Spot-Welding Short, i-Hissing Cell, okanye i-Red-Hot Nickel Strip"| SpotShort["1. Betha iprobe okanye usike i-nickel strip ekhazimlayo ngee-insulated cutters<br/>2. UNGAZE ubambe iiseli ezimfutshane okanye intsimbi ekhazimlayo ngezandla<br/>3. Ukuba iiseli ziyafutha okanye ziyatshaya, hambisa ipakethe kwibhakethi yesanti yentsimbi okanye ngaphandle<br/>4. Phuma kwigumbi ukuze uphephe umsi we-HF onetyhefu kunye nokutshisa kwezandla ezipholileyo kwi-20 min"]
    Incident -->|"I-Soldering Iron Contact, iHot Air Gun, okanye iMolten Solder Burn"| IronBurn["1. Khupha intsimbi okanye ubeke ngokukhuselekileyo kwindawo yokuma yentsimbi<br/>2. Ukutshisa okupholileyo phantsi kwamanzi apholileyo aphuma empompo imizuzu engama-20 epheleleyo<br/>3. Susa amakhonkco / iiwotshi; musa ukukhupha i-solder exutywe nzulu<br/>4. Gquma ngesinxibo esingenazintsholongwane"]
    Incident -->|"I-Liquid Acid Flux, iRosin Spatter, okanye iSolder Pop kwi-Eye"| EyeSplash["1. Gubha iliso ngokukhawuleza phantsi kwamanzi athambileyo abalekayo i-15 ukuya kwi-30 min<br/>2. Susa iilensi zoqhagamshelwano ngexesha lokunkcenkceshela<br/>3. UNGAZE ukhuhle i-solder eqinisiweyo kwikhonea nge-tweezers<br/>4. Funa ukhathalelo lwamehlo olungxamisekileyo olungxamisekileyo"]
    Incident -->|"I-Flux Fume Wheezing okanye i-Acid Flux ingestion"| FumeIngest["Ukuphefumla: Umoya omtsha + ukuma okuthe tye + ukuhlangula i-inhaler<br/>Ukungeniswa: MUSA ukukhupha ukuhlanza; hlambulula umlomo kwaye ubize uLawulo lwePoison / EMS"]

I-lithium-ion cell spot-welding shorts kunye ne-battery pack assembly emergency

Kutheni i-cylindrical 18650 kunye ne-21700 iiseli zimfutshane ngokulula ngexesha le-welding

Xa uhlanganisa isiko lithium-ion okanye lithium-iron-phosphate (\(\text{LiFePO}_4\)) iipakethe ibhetri ye-e-bhayisekile, drones, izixhobo amandla, okanye ugcino elanga, abakhi basebenzisa capacitive-discharge, transformer, okanye lipo-powered pulse spot welders to fuse thin 0.15-to-millilated nick-peel-0.30 steel strips nick-0.30m purepeel* ukuya kwiziphelo zeeseli zecylindrical.

Iimpawu ezintathu ze-anatomical yeeseli ze-cylindrical (** 18650, 21700, 26650 **) zidala umgibe omfutshane ogqithisayo ekupheleni kweseli:

  1. I-casing yensimbi yonke i-casing yensimbi ayinayo, ukuya phezulu ukuya phezulu kwi-crimp: ** Ngokungafaniyo nebhetri ye-alkaline yendlu ye-AA apho i-jacket yentsimbi yangaphandle ilungile, i-cylindrical lithium-ion cell cell cylinder yonke i-cylinder yensimbi enzulu, kubandakanywa ** iflethi esongelwe phezulu (igxalaba) ** ejikeleze iqhosha eliphakathi elilungileyo, liqhagamshelwe ngokuthe ngqo kwi-anode * ** enegative. Kuphela yiplastiki ecekethekileyo yokugquma igaskithi kunye nesigqubuthelo esiethe-ethe sePVC kunye neringi encamathelayo yokuthintela intlanzi-iphepha ezahlula iqhosha eliphakathi eliphakathi kwigxalaba elibi elingaphandle elingaphantsi kwe--1 millimeter (0.04 intshi) kude**.
  2. Uxinzelelo lwe-probe kunye nokuvuthuza kwe-arc: Ukuba umqhubi ucinezela ii-electrode ezimbini zekopolo-welding ezantsi ngokugoso ukuze enye i-probe ityibilike ikhuphe ikepusi ephakanyisiweyo kwi-crimp engaphezulu yeseli, okanye ukuba i-weld pulse energy egqithisileyo itshisa ngesisongelo esicekethekileyo sePVC kunye neringi yentlanzi phantsi komtya wenickel, i-positive cap inokuba mfutshane ngokuthe ngqo.
  3. Ipakethi ehambelanayo yeebhulukhwe ezimfutshane ze-cascade: Kwipakethi enkulu yebhetri yeeseli ezininzi (efana ne-13S5P okanye i-20S10P ye-e-bike pack), kanye iqela elimeleneyo le-5 ukuya kwi-10 leeseli libotshwe nge-nickel busbar, ukuwisa irula yentsimbi, i-Allen wrench, okanye i-large nickel strip ye-nickel ejikelezileyo* ngomcu obhityileyo ngoko nangoko.
Spot-Welding Fault INkqubo yoMzimba Ingozi ekhawulezileyo Impendulo echanekileyo yoNgxamiseko
I-Crimp ePositive-to-Shoulder-Shoulder Short I-nickel strip okanye i-probe bhulorho i-1 mm ye-gap phakathi kweqhosha elichanekileyo kunye negxalaba elingaphezulu elibi I-nickel strip ijika i-orenji ye-incandescent (>900 °C) kwimizuzwana eyi-0.5; iseli inokuphuma kwaye ingene kwindawo yokubaleka eshushu Sika i-nickel strip ngoko nangoko usebenzisa i-insulated diagonal gush cutters; hambisa iseli kwibhakethi yesanti yentsimbi ukuba ishushu okanye iyaphuma
Probe Blow-through on Thin Cell Can Amandla eweld agqithisileyo okanye iingcebiso ezimdaka zivuthela umngxuma onyibilikisiweyo ngentsimbi ecekethekileyo 0.20 mm Ukubilisa i-organic carbonate electrolyte kunye negesi enokutsha yokutshiza ngaphandle; umoya ungena kwaye unokutshisa iseli Kuphephe ukuphefumla umphunga wecarbonate; beka iseli egqojoziweyo kwisitya sentsimbi sangaphandle esinesanti; gungxula ulusu okanye amehlo ukuba utshiziwe
Iqela elidityanisiweyo iBusbar efile iMfutshane Umtya oshiyiweyo, iipliers, okanye umsesane womtshato udibanisa amaqela ahambelanayo epakethi Ubuninzi bangoku (200 ukuya kwi-1,000+ amps) bunyusa isinyithi, budibanise umsesane okanye umcu endaweni, kwaye ufudumeza iiseli ukuya kwindawo ebalekayo. Gcoba intsimbi ebhulorho ikhululwe ngentonga eyomileyo eyenziwe ngomthi okanye yeplastiki, okanye usike umgca wenikeli obhityileyo ngezisiki ezigqunyiweyo; iipakethi zokutshisa ezipholileyo ezinamanzi amaninzi ngaphandle
Impazamo ye-DIY Microwave Transformer (MOT) Umakhi ubamba iintambo zesibini ngelixa i-120V / 240V i-120V ejikeleza iibhulukhwe ezimfutshane ukuya kumbindi okanye yesibini I-electrocution yangoku ephezulu ukusuka kwi-voltage engundoqo okanye ukuvuza kwe-transformer ephezulu Cima isaphuli sodonga okanye utsale iplagi engundoqo phambi kokuba ubambe ixhoba; qalisa i-CPR ukuba ayiphenduli; bona ukothuka kombane

Danger

Ungaze unxibe imisesane yentsimbi, iiwotshi zentsimbi, okanye izacholo ezizibambayo xa udibanisa amabala okanye ujonga iipakethi zebhetri ye-lithium-ion, kwaye usoloko usebenzisa i-adhesive barley-paper (fish-paper) insulator rings kwisiphelo esihle se-18650 okanye 21700 yeseli phambi kokubeka phantsi imicu yenickel. Ukuba umsesane womtshato wegolide okanye we-titanium udibanisa amaqela amabini ahambelanayo epakethi yebhetri ephezulu, i-500 amperes yangoku iya kufudumeza iringi ukuya ngaphezulu kwe-800 degrees Celsius (1,470 degrees Fahrenheit) ngaphantsi komzuzwana omnye, ukutshisa ngokujikelezayo ukuya kwithambo lomnwe kwaye kubangele ukunqunyulwa komnwe ngotyando.

Impendulo yenyathelo-ngenyathelo kwindawo yebhetri-welding isiphaluka esifutshane okanye i-cell venting

  1. Gcoba okanye ubethe isekethe emfutshane ngaphandle kokuchukumisa intsimbi eshushu ngolusu olungenanto:
  2. Gcina iperiebukhali, i-VDE-insulated diagonal gush cutters (okanye i-trauma enzima/izikere zokucheba ezinemiqheba egqunyiweyo) ekufikeleleni kwengalo kwibhentshi ngalo lonke ixesha ngelixa udibanisa amabala.
  3. Ukuba i-nickel strip shorts kwi-cell egxalabeni kwaye iqala ukukhazimula i-orenji okanye ukutshaya, ** ungawubambeli umcu ngeminwe yakho **. Kwangoko gqobhoza elona candelo limxinwa lenickel strip kunye nezitshixo zakho ezigqunyiweyo ukophula isekethe yombane, okanye ubethe umcu oxekekileyo ngedowel yomthi okanye ispudger seplastiki.
  4. Jonga ubushushu beseli emfutshane kwaye umamele ukungena ngaphakathi:
  5. Ukuba uqhawule imfutshane kwimizuzwana emi-1 ukuya kwemi-2 kwaye iseli ishushu nje kancinane (<45 °C / 113 °F) ngaphandle kokufutha: Beka iseli ecaleni ngaphandle okanye kwibhakethi yentsimbi engatshiyo yeammo/isanti kangangeeyure ezingama-24 ukuze iphole kwaye ibeke iliso. Iiseli ezininzi ze-cylindrical ezisemgangathweni zine-internal pressure-activated Isixhobo sangoku sokuphazamisa (CID) kunye ne-I-Positive Temperature Coefficient (PTC) ring phantsi kwe-positive cap ecofa ngokusisigxina evulekileyo xa ifinyeziwe, inika iseli ngokufa ngokukhuselekileyo kwi-0.0 volts. Ungaze uzame ukuseta kwakhona i-CID ekhutshiweyo ngokutyhala isikrudrayiva kwimingxuma ephezulu yokuphuma.
  6. Ukuba iseli ifudumeza ngokukhawuleza (>60 °C / 140 °F), ukugquma, ukufutha, ukucofa, okanye ukujezisa umsi omhlophe/ongwevu: Ukubaleka kwe-thermal kuqalile ngaphakathi kwejeli-roll ye-electrode ejingayo. Kwimizuzwana emi-5 ukuya kwengama-30, iseli inokugqatsa amadangatye ku-800 ukuya kwi-1,000 ngokukaCelsius (1,470 ukuya kutsho ku-1,830 ngokukaCelsius)* okanye igqabhuke ikram yayo ephezulu ize ivule umbindi ongaphakathi kwigumbi njengerokethi.
  7. Yahlula iseli ebalekayo okanye pakisha kwaye ukhuphe umsi onetyhefu ngoko nangoko:
  8. Ukusebenzisa iintambo zetsimbi ezinde, ifosholo, okanye i-welding gauntlets yesikhumba enzima (kuphela ngaphambi kokuba kuqhambuke amadangatye), yehlisa iseli yokutshaya okanye ipake kwi- ** ibhakethi yentsimbi ezaliswe yintlabathi eyomileyo okanye i-vermiculite ** kwaye uyithwale okanye uyityibilikise ngaphandle ngaphandle kwezinto ezinokutsha, okanye uyinkqonkqoze kwindawo evulekileyo emva komnyango ongenanto
  9. Musa ukuphefumla ilifu lomphunga elimhlophe okanye elingwevu: I-electrolyte ye-lithium-ion iqulethe i-lithium hexafluorophosphate (\(\text{LiPF}_6\)) inyibilikiswe kwizinyibilikisi ze-organic carbonate. Xa ishushu okanye ibonakaliswe kukufuma emoyeni (okanye kwimiphunga yakho), ibola ibe yi hydrogen fluoride (\(\text{HF}\)) gas kunye nephosphoryl fluoride (\(\text{POF}_3\)), kunye necarbon monoxide kunye nehydrogen cyanide. Ukuphefumla nokuphefumla okumbalwa kwegesi exineneyo yokuphuma kwebhetri ngaphakathi kwigumbi elincinane lokulala okanye indawo yokusebenzela egaraji kunokubangela ukulibaziseka okukhulu kokwenzakala kwemiphunga kunye nenkqubo yetyhefu yefluoride; bona imililo yebhetri ye-lithium-ion kwaye i-hydrofluoric acid, i-rust remover, kunye ne-chemical burn neutralization.
  10. Cima kwaye upholise ipakethe evuthayo yeeseli ezininzi ngamanzi amaninzi (emva kokuba iintambo zombane zicinyiwe):
  11. Ngokungafaniyo neebhetri eziphambili ze-metallic ze-lithium, i-rechargeable ** i-lithium-ion ** iiseli ziqulethe i-lithium encinci ye-metallic kwaye ivutha ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yokubaleka kwe-thermal kunye nokutsha kwe-solvent ye-organic. Uvavanyo lwenkonzo yomlilo (i-NFPA kunye ne-UL FSRI) iqinisekisa ukuba imithamo emikhulu yamanzi angenanto ** esetyenziswe ukusuka kumgama okhuselekileyo yeyona ndlela isebenzayo yokupholisa iiseli ezikufutshane kwipakethi yeeseli ezininzi ngaphantsi kwe-thermal runaway threshold (-130 ukuya kwi-150 °C / 265 ukuya kwi-300 °F**) kunye nokumisa i-cascade cell cell. (Isicimi-mlilo esomileyo se-ABC okanye isanti sitshisa kuphela amadangatye angaphandle okwethutyana; ukuba iiseli zihlala zishushu ngaphakathi esantini, ziya kuqhubeka zibaleka kwaye ziphinde zivuthe.)

Intsimbi yokunyibilikisa, i-hot-air rework, kunye nokutsha kwe-nickel strip emhlophe

Kutheni ukutsha kwebhentshi ye-elektroniki kunzulu kunokuba bajonge

Abakhi be-elektroniki kunye nabakhi beebhetri bafumana iipateni ezintathu ezahlukeneyo zokutshisa okushushu ezandleni naseziphahleni:

  1. Umbhobho wentsimbi othengiswayo ngokuthe ngqo okanye udityaniswe nencam yencam (315 ukuya ku-450 °C / 600 ukuya ku-840 °F): Ngenxa yokuba intsimbi yokudambisa ine-ceramic ekhupha amanzi amaninzi okanye into yokufudumeza ecinezelwe ngokuthe ngqo kwincam yobhedu, ukuchukumisa umphanda nokuba imizuzwana eyi-0.5 ihambisa iprotein ejikelezayo eyaneleyo kumgca ojikelezayo ojikelezayo owaneleyo kwi-copper-core incam. Umcu wolusu olumhlophe olumhlophe, olulusu, olungenantlungu embindini (ubunzulu obungaphelelanga bokutyeba okanye ukutshisa okungqindilili okugcweleyo).
  2. I-incandescent shorted shorted nickel branding branding burning (600 ukuya ku-1,000 °C / 1,100 ukuya kwi-1,830 °F): Xa umakhi ngethuku lemvelo ezama ukucudisa kwaye atsale umcu omfutshane we-nickel oyi-0.2-millimeter ngobhontsi kunye nomnwe wesalathiso, lo mbhalo ukhupha umnwe we-digital ulusu, utyhutyha umjelo onzulu wekhabhoni. strip.
  3. Amathontsi e-solder anyibilikisiweyo kunye nesitshizi se-flux ebilayo (183 ukuya ku-400 °C / 361 ukuya ku-750 °F): Xa umsinga omanzi uvaleleke ngaphakathi kwebraid enyibilikayo, ecandeke emngxunyeni, okanye ucingo olubotshelelweyo lubila lugqabhuka, lutshica iingceba ze-lead-lead-free-sopper kwi-lead-lead-free-lead emva kwezandla, izihlahla, amathanga, okanye ubuso.

Inyathelo-nge-nyathelo lokuqala uncedo lokuqala kwi-soldering kunye ne-spot-welding burns

  1. Khusela isixhobo esishushu ukuze singakwazi ukuqalisa umlilo webhentshi: Lahla intsimbi yokujongisa ngasemva kwindawo yayo yentsimbi enobunzima okanye tsala intambo yombane phambi kokuba uphathe isandla sakho; intsimbi ewisiweyo ye-400 °C ekhohlo ilele kwimethi yokusika, iskimu sephepha, okanye ibhotile yotywala ye-isopropyl iya kutshisa ibhentshi yokusebenza ngelixa usesinkini.
  2. Nkcenkceshela indawo etshileyo phantsi kwamanzi etephu apholileyo apholileyo kangangemizuzu engama-20:
  3. Bamba iminwe etshileyo, isandla, okanye umphambili wengalo ngaphantsi kwamanzi athambileyo apholileyo abalekayo (** malunga ne-15 degrees Celsius / 59 degrees Fahrenheit**) **20 imizuzu eqhubekayo **; bona ukutsha.
  4. Ukupholisa ngokukhawuleza kwemizuzu engama-20 kuqhuba ubushushu obushiyekileyo ngaphandle kwedermis, kumisa i-necrosis yeselula eqhubekayo kwindawo ye-stasis, kwaye kunciphisa kakhulu amadyungudyungu, iintlungu, kunye nesiva ukontraka kumalungu omnwe.
  5. Ungaze ufake umkhenkce, amanzi omkhenkce, umkhenkce wokutshiza (i-circuit chiller aerosol), ibhotolo, intlama yamazinyo, okanye intlama yeheatsink eshushu (iArctic Silver / silicone grease) kwindawo yokutshisa. Ukutshiza idifluoroethane circuit-chiller spray kwi-soldering burning kubangela iqabaka ngoko nangoko phezu kokutshisa kwe-thermal, ngeli lixa ubushushu bentsimbi bugalela ubushushu.
  6. Bamba amathontsi e-solder aqinileyo eluswini ngokuchanekileyo:
  7. Ngenxa yokuba ukufuma kwesikhumba kudala umaleko womphunga omncinci (isiphumo seLeidenfrost) kunye neoyile yolusu ithintela i-solder ekubeni imanziswe ngaphandle kokuguquguquka, amathontsi amancinci e-solder etyhidiweyo atshiza eluswini olungagungqiyo ahlala eqina kwiqhezu lomzuzwana kwaye aqengqeleke okanye ahlale ngokukhululekileyo kwi-epidermis enamadyungudyungu. Vumela amanzi abalekayo ukuba ahlambe amaso e-solder akhululekileyo.
  8. Ukuba ichibi elikhulu le-solder enyibilikisiweyo okanye iplastiki enyibilikisiweyo/ityhubhu eshwabeneyo ubushushu ifakwe ngokuqinileyo kwisikhumba esinzulu, esivuthayo, musa ukutsala okanye ukugrumba ngee-tweezers. Pholisa kanye phezu kwemathiriyeli eqinisiweyo ngamanzi abalekayo imizuzu engama-20 kwaye uvumele ugqirha ukuba ayisuse phantsi kwe-anesthesia yendawo enyumba.
  9. Khusela amadyungudyungu kwaye ugqume ngesinxibo esingabambeleliyo esingabambeleliyo:
  10. Ungaze ugqabhuke, ugqobhoze, okanye uxobule amadyungudyungu eminweni okanye entendeni ngemela yokuzonwabisa okanye inaliti yokuthunga. Ulusu lwamadyungudyungu olomeleleyo lolona mzimba lungasebenziyo lunxitywayo lwebhayoloji phezu kwedermis ekrwada.
  11. Gquma indawo yokutsha epholileyo ngokukhululekileyo ngesambatho esingenazintsholongwane esingenazikhuni (esifana negauze yepetrolatum okanye isilicone engabambeleliyo/iphedi yefilimu) eqiniswe ngeyasuyasu elirola elithambileyo.
  12. Yazi xa isandla okanye umnwe ukutshisa kufuna uvavanyo olungxamisekileyo lwezonyango:
  13. Nakuphi na ukutshisa okukhangeleka kumhlophe, umthwebe, ukutsha, okanye isikhumba, okanye uzive undindisholo embindini xa uchukunyiswe kancinci (okubonisa ubunzulu obungaphelelanga-bubutyebe okanye ukutshisa okugcweleyo).
  14. Nakuphi na ukutshisa okusonga ** ngokujikelezayo** emnweni (okufana nokutshisa kweringi emfutshane) okanye ukuwela i-flexor creases yamalungu omnwe, isithuba sewebhu sobhontsi, okanye isihlahla, apho ukosuleleka kwesiva kunokuphazamisa ngokusisigxina ukusebenza kwesandla.
  15. Nakuphi na ukutshisa okubangelwa ukuphuma kwe-electrolyte kwiseli ye-lithium-ion (esenokuba ne-corrosive hydrofluoric acid efuna i-topical i-calcium gluconate gel unyango esibhedlele; bona i-hydrofluoric acid, i-rust remover, kunye ne-chemical burn neutralization).

Ukuchithwa kwe-Acid soldering flux, umsi werosin, kunye nokutshiza kwamehlo

Ukwahlula i-electronics i-rosin flux ukusuka kwi-asidi e-corrosive metalworking flux

Ayizizo zonke ii-soldering fluxes ezibeka ingozi efanayo yeekhemikhali. Kwimeko kaxakeka, jonga ibhotile ye-flux, isirinji, okanye uncamathisele ileyibhile yetoti ngoko nangoko ukuze ubone ukuba yeyiphi iklasi yemichiza ojongene nayo:

Uhlobo lweFlux kunye nokuSetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo Izithako zeMichiza ezisebenzayo Ingozi yolusu kunye neliso Ukuphefumla kunye neNgozi yokuNgenisa
I-Rosin / iColophony Flux kunye ne-No-Cleaan Flux
(I-PCB yokubethela, ukucolwa kweengcingo, ukuphinda kusetyenzwe kwakhona kwe-SMD)		 I-Pine gum rosin (i-abietic acid), i-acids ebuthakathaka ye-organic, kunye ne-isopropyl alcohol I-Irritant ephakathi ukuya koPhakathi: Isitshizi esibilayo sibangela ukutsha kwe-thermal; ukudibana kwesikhumba ixesha elide kubangela i-dermatitis ISensitizer yokuphefumla: IPlume iqulethe i-resin acids kunye nealdehydes ezibangela isifuba somsebenzi kunye nebronchospasm
I-Inorganic Acid / iChloride Flux
(Imibhobho yobhedu, imibhobho yobhedu, iglasi enemibala, isinyithi seshidi, kunye nentsimbi engatyiwayo)		 I-Zinc chloride (\(\text{ZnCl}_2\), 20% ukuya kwi-50%), Ammonium chloride, kunye ne-Hydrochloric acid (\(\text{HCl}\))* e-\(\text{pH} <2.0\) UKUBULA KAKHULU: Kubangela ukutshisa kweasidi enzulu eluswini kunye ne-corneal clouding ekhawulezayo, izilonda, nokungaboni emehlweni IMIPHUMVA ENGUNDOQO & NE-GI corrosion: Imiphunga ikhupha i-hydrogen chloride kunye nenkungu ye-zinc chloride; ukutya kutshisa umqala kunye nesisu
Aluminiyam / iiFluxes eziKhethekileyo
(Iithebhu ze-aluminiyam ezithengiswayo, i-nichrome, okanye intsimbi engatyiwayo)		 Fluoroborates, inorganic fluorides, okanye concentrated phosphoric acid INGOZI YOKUGQIBEKA KAKHULU: I-Fluoride ion igqobhoza ulusu kunye ne-corneas, iyonakalisa izicubu ezinzulu kunye nokubopha i-calcium. BUBONGE UBOMI: Umsi okanye ukusela kubangela ityhefu yenkqubo yefluoride kunye nokutsha kwendlela yomoya/ukutsha kweGI.

Warning

Ungaze usebenzise i-asidi ye-asidi eguquguqukayo, i-stained-glass-zinc chloride liquid flux, okanye i-acid-core solder kwizinto zombane okanye iipakethi zebhetri, kwaye soloko unxibe i-ANSI Z87.1 izibuko ze-splash xa u-soldering kunye nolwelo oluguquguqukayo. I-Zinc chloride (\(\text{ZnCl}_2\)) yiprotheyini enamandla kunye ne-Lewis acid eyaziwa ngokuba yityhefu kwi-cornea yomntu; Nditsho nethontsi lemicroscopic elathi gqi elisweni xa intsimbi eshushu ichukumisa i-zinc chloride flux inokubangela i-corneal clouding esisigxina kunye neglaucoma ukuba ayinkcenkceshelwanga kwimizuzwana nje.

Inyathelo-nge-nyathelo lokuqala uncedo lokuqala lwe-flux okanye i-solder etyhidiweyo yatshiza iliso

1. Ulwelo lwe-asidi, intlama ye-flux, okanye i-flux ebilayo yokutshiza emehlweni

  1. Qalisa ukunkcenkceshela kwamehlo ngokuqhubekayo kwimizuzwana eyi-10: Yiya ngoko nangoko kwindawo yokuhlamba amehlo, kwisitya ekhitshini, okanye kwishawari kwaye ugungxule iliso elichaphazelekayo phantsi kompompo wamanzi adikidiki adikidiki okanye angenazintsholongwane zelinen eqhelekileyo imizuzu eyi-15 ukuya kwengama-30 ubuncinane eqhubekayo (imizuzu engama-30 ubuncinane yezinc chloride, ihydrochloric acid, i-fluoride bona ukwenzakala kwamehlo kwaye ukutshisa kakhulu kunye nokugungxulwa kweekhemikhali.
  2. Misa intloko ukuze amanzi angcolisekileyo abaleke emke kwiliso elingonzakaliyo: Jikelisa intloko ecaleni iliso elonzakeleyo lijonge ezantsi ngakumbhobho ukuze i-zinc chloride edlekayo okanye iasidi ingahlambi ngaphaya kwebhulorho yempumlo iye kwiliso elilungileyo.
  3. Bamba iinkophe zivuleke kakhulu kwaye uqengqele iliso macala onke: Iintlungu zekhemikhali zibangela ukucudisa inkophe engaphaya kokuzikhethela (i-blepharospasm) ethi ibambe i-asidi equkuqelayo ngaphakathi kumphezulu nangaphantsi wobububende (iipokotho ezinzulu phantsi kweenkophe). Sebenzisa ubhontsi wakho kunye nomnwe wesalathisi ukuze ubambe iziciko zihlukane ngelixa ujonge phezulu, ezantsi, ekhohlo, nasekunene phantsi komsinga wamanzi.
  4. Susa iilensi zoqhagamshelwano emva komzuzu om-1 ukuya kwemi-2 yokugungxulwa kokuqala: Ungaze ulibazise ukuqalisa kokunkcenkceshela ukuze ukhuphe i-lens yokudibanisa kuqala, kodwa yisuse ilensi xa kuqhutywa ukugungxulwa ukuze iasidi ingavaleleke kwicornea.
  5. Fumana i-ophthalmology engxamisekileyo okanye ukhathalelo lwasesibhedlele ngokukhawuleza emva kokugungxulwa: Yiza nesingxobo se-flux okanye i-Safety Data Sheet (SDS) kwisebe likaxakeka ukuze oogqirha bajonge i-ocular surface pH ngephepha le-litmus baze baqhubeke nokunkcenkceshela okungenazintsholongwane de i-pH yeliso ibuyele kwisiqhelo (7.0 ukuya ku-7.4).

2. Idrophu etyhidiweyo etyhidiweyo yesolder esweni

Xa i-solder emanzi iphuma kwaye itshisa ithontsi le-tin-lead enyibilikisiweyo okanye i-SAC305 engenalo ilothe (183 ukuya ku-220+ °C) kwiliso elingakhuselekanga:

  1. Nkcenkceshela ngoko nangoko ngetyuwa enetyuwa epholileyo okanye amanzi etephu acocekileyo kangangemizuzu emininzi: Ifilim ekrazukileyo ekwicornea icima ngoko nangoko kwaye iqinise ithontsi elincinane lentsimbi libe yifoyile ebhityileyo, egobileyo etyhidiweyo exonxiweyo kwimilo yecornea okanye ifakwe phantsi kwenkophe. Ukupholisa ngokukhawuleza kunciphisa umonakalo oshushu kwi-epithelium ye-corneal engaphezulu.
  2. UNGAZE uzame ukuchola, ukukrola, okanye ukuxobula i-solder eqinisiweyo kwibhola yeliso usebenzisa izitshixo, iinzipho zeminwe, okanye iiswab zomqhaphu: Ukuzama ukubamba iflake egobileyo yesoda encamathele kwicornea ekhaya ikrazula ngokulula yonke i-corneal epithelium okanye ikrazule istroma.
  3. Gcina amehlo omabini evaliwe phantsi kwekhaka elikhanyayo kwaye uye kwigumbi likaxakeka okanye ugqirha wamehlo: Ingcali yamehlo iya kufaka ithontsi elibulala iintlungu, iphakamise iflake yesolder eqinileyo icoceke phantsi kweslit-lamp microscope, ingcolise icornea ngefluorescein, ize imisele amathontsi amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane. Okumangalisayo kukuba, xa i-solder splashes ipholile ngokukhawuleza kwaye isuswe ngokukhawuleza yingcali ngaphandle kokukhuhla ekhaya, i-corneal epithelium ihlala iphola ngokupheleleyo kwiiyure ezingama-48 ukuya kwezingama-72.

Uncedo lokuqala lwe-soldering flux fume inhalation kunye nokungeniswa

  • I-rosin (i-colophony) okanye i-acid flux fume inhalation: Ukuba umntu othanda izinto ezithandwayo okanye igcisa liba nokukhohlela, ukutshisa komqala, isifuba esixineneyo, okanye ukutswina xa sisonge phezu kwebhentshi ngaphandle kwesixhobo sokutsala umsi, cima isikhululo sokuthambisa ngoko nangoko, hambisa umntu kumoya omtsha wangaphandle, khulula impahla ebambekayo, kwaye uhlale nkqo. Ukuba bane-asthma okanye baphathe i-bronchodilator emiselweyo yokuhlangula inhaler (albuterol / salbutamol), bancede bayithathe; bona ukuhlaselwa sisifuba. Ukuba ukuphefumla, i-stridor (ingxolo yokuphefumula ephezulu), okanye ukuphefumula okufutshane kuyaqhubeka, ngakumbi emva kokuphefumla ** i-zinc chloride, i-hydrochloric acid, okanye i-fluoride flux fumes **, tsalela iinkonzo eziphuthumayo (911 / 112 / 999) ngokukhawuleza.
  • Ukungenwa ngengozi kolwelo oluqukuqelayo (oluhlala lugcinwa kwiibhotile okanye iikomityi ezingabhalwanga): Ulwelo lweglasi enemibala emdaka okanye imibhobho yamanzi ijongeka njengamanzi acwengileyo okanye incindi emthubi kwaye isoloko iginywa ngempazamo ngabantwana okanye ngabantu abadala abaphosisa ikomityi equkuqelayo ekwibhentshi yesiselo. Ungaze ufune ukugabha kwaye ungaze unike isoda yokubhaka (sodium bicarbonate) ukuze ithintele iasidi etyiweyo (edala ukusabela kwerhasi ephumayo enokugqobhoza isisu esitshileyo). Hlanza kwaye utshize umlomo ngokucokisekileyo ngamanzi, unike amanzi amancinci okanye ubisi ukuba usele ** kuphela ukuba isigulane sisazi, siqaphele, kwaye siyakwazi ukugwinya ngaphandle kwentlungu okanye i-drooling **, kwaye ubize i-Poison Control (1-800-222-1222 e-United States) okanye i-911 / 112 / 999 ngokukhawuleza; bona ukutyhefa.

Uthintelo lwetyhefu yelothe kunye noluhlu lokhuseleko lwebhentshi ye-elektroniki

Ngelixa ityhefu yelothe ebukhali ingenzeki ekusezeleni umsi oqhelekileyo we-soldering kumaqondo obushushu aqhelekileyo esinyithi (kuba ilothe yesinyithi ivelisa kuphela umphunga obalulekileyo ongaphezu* kwe-480 ukuya kuma-500 degrees Celsius / 900 degrees Fahrenheit**, ngaphezu kwamaqondo obushushu obuqhelekileyo obungama-350 °C), *ityhefu yelothe engapheliyo iyenzeka ngokuphuma kwesandla ukuya *kumlomo we-rootoxide. intsalela yeminwe:

  • Iiglasi zokhuseleko ezinyanzelekileyo ze-ANSI Z87.1 okanye iiglasi ezitshizayo ngalo lonke ixesha ukuwelda kunye neendawo zokuwelda: Iipophu zesolder ezingaphandle kwe-blue, isixhasi esinqunqiweyo sikhokelela ekubhabha ngesantya esiphezulu, kunye neentlantsi ze-welder zenzeka ngaphandle kwesilumkiso.
  • Iphepha lebhali (iphepha lentlanzi) liringi kwiseli nganye ye-lithium-ion ye-cylindrical: Ungaze ubone-weld i-18650 okanye i-21700 yebhetri yepakethe ngaphandle kokuqala uncamathelise amakhonkco ancamathelayo e-insulator phezu kwegxalaba eliphezulu elilungileyo leseli nganye kunye nokuhlola zonke iiseli ze-PVC zokusonga ii-nicks.
  • Ibhakethi yesanti yesinyithi kunye nezisiki zokugungxula ezigqunywe nge-VDE kwibhentshi yebhetri: Gcina iperi ezinikeleyo yezisiki ezigungxulwayo ezigqunyiweyo kunye nesikhongozeli sesinyithi esizaliswe yintlabathi eyomileyo kanye ecaleni kwesixhobo sokuwelda.
  • Gcina i-isopropyl alcohol enokutsha (IPA) itywiniwe kwaye kude neentsimbi ezishushu kunye neendawo zokuwelda: Ungaze ushiye ikomityi evuliweyo okanye ibhafu ye-91% okanye i-99% yesicoci sotywala se-PCB ye-isopropyl kufutshane nesikhululo sokusebenza ngokutsha somoya oshushu okanye indawo yokuwelda ibhetri; intlantsi enye ivuthisa idangatye lotywala obuluhlaza obungabonakaliyo kwibhentshi.
  • Ukutsalwa komsi kwi-benchtop esebenzayo: Sebenzisa i-ESD-safe solder extractor ene HEPA + enzulu-bed isihluzo sekhabhoni esenziwe yasebenza (okanye ikhuphe umoya ngaphandle) ibekwe phakathi kwe-15 ukuya kwi-25 yeesentimitha (6 ukuya kwi-intshi ezi-6) kwincam yentsimbi. Iipads eziqhelekileyo ezibhityileyo ezimnyama zekhabhoni zodwa azibambi amasuntswana erosin okanye umphunga weasidi.
  • Ukuhlamba izandla okungqongqo kwaye akukho kutya okanye isiselo kwibhentshi yokuthengisela: Ungaze utye, usele, utshaye, okanye ivape kwibhentshi ye-electronics, kwaye uhlambe izandla ngesepha namanzi (okanye isepha ye-D-Lead) emva kokubamba i-solder enelothe (60/40 okanye 63/37 SnPb) okanye izicoci zencam yesiponji.

Imibuzo edla ngokubuzwa

Ngaba ungafumana ityhefu yelothe ebukhali ekuphefumleni umsi ophuma kwi-lead 60/40 yomthengisi we-elektroniki?

Kubushushu obuqhelekileyo be-elektroniki bokuthengisa obuphakathi kwama-315 ukuya kuma-380 ngokukaCelsius (ama-600 ukuya kuma-715 ngokukaFahrenheit), umsi omhlophe obonakalayo ophuma kwindawo edibeneyo uphantse ube yi-100 ekhulwini le-rosin engumphunga okanye i-organic flux, ingabi ngumphunga okhokelayo, kuba ilothe yesinyithi ayivelisi umphunga obalulekileyo womoya de ifudunyezwe ngaphezu kwe-50080 degrees Celsius. Nangona kunjalo, loo msi ubonakalayo useyingozi ukuphefumla ngenxa yokuba i-vaporized pine rosin (i-colophony) iqulethe i-resin acids kunye ne-aldehydes evuselela i-airways kwaye ibangele i-asthma emsebenzini. Ukufunxwa kwelothe kwi-solder kwenzeka ngokugqithiselwa ngesandla ukuya emlonyeni xa ubamba ucingo olune-lead, inkunkuma, okanye izicoci zencam yobhedu emva koko uchukumise ukutya, iziselo, okanye umlomo wakho ngaphandle kokuhlamba izandla.

Kwakutheni ukuze ibhetri yam ka-18650 ikhazimle ngamandla kwaye idibanise umcu wenickel ubomvu-ushushu xa ndibambe umphezulu weseli kuphela?

Ngokungafaniyo nebhetri yasekhaya ye-AA apho iqokobhe lesinyithi langaphandle lilungile, yonke i-cylinder yentsimbi ye-18650 okanye i-21700 yeseli ye-lithium-ion yi-terminal engafanelekanga, kuquka i-flat metal rim (igxalaba) ejikeleziweyo ejikeleze umda ophezulu weseli. Iqhosha eliphakanyisiweyo le-positive eliphakathi lahlulwe kwelo gxalaba libi langaphandle ngaphantsi kwe-1 millimeter (0.04 i-intshi) ye-insulation yeplastiki ebhityileyo kunye ne-PVC yokunciphisa ukushisa. Ukuba i-spot-welding probe okanye umcu we-nickel ucinezela ezantsi ngokugoso, utyibilika kwiqhosha eliphakathi, okanye unyibilike kwi-wrapper efakwe kwi-rim ephezulu, udala i-circuit emfutshane efileyo ngokuthe ngqo phakathi kwe-positive cap kunye ne-negative inokulahla ngaphezu kwe-100 amperes yangoku ngoko nangoko.

Kufuneka ndenze ntoni ukuba ibhola encinci ye-solder etyhidiweyo ithi gqi esweni lam ngelixa i-solder?

Kwangoko, gubha iliso lakho ngobunono ngesaline epholileyo engenazintsholongwane okanye amanzi etephu acocekileyo adikidiki kangangemizuzu emininzi, susa naziphi na iilensi zoqhagamshelwano ukuba zikhona, kwaye ungaze uzame ukuchola okanye ukukrwela intlantsi yesinyithi eyomeleleyo kwibhola yeliso lakho nge-tweezers okanye iswab yomqhaphu. Ngenxa yokuba ifilimu ekrazula iliso lakho ipholisa ithontsi elincinane ngeqhezu lomzuzwana, i-solder iyaqina ibe yintsimbi ecekethekileyo egobileyo ehleli kwi-cornea okanye kwi-conjunctiva. Ukuzama ukuzikhupha ngokwakho kunokususa umphezulu we-corneal okanye ukukrazula iliso, kanti i-ophthalmologist okanye ugqirha ophuthumayo unokunqanda iliso kwaye uphakamise i-bead eqiniweyo ngokucocekileyo phantsi kwe-microscope.

Kutheni le nto i-stained-glass okanye i-soldering flux iyingozi kakhulu emehlweni nakwimiphunga kune-electronic flux?

I-solder ye-electronics eqhelekileyo isebenzisa i-rosin epholileyo (i-pine sap) okanye i-organic organic no-clean fluxes ebuthathaka eyenzelwe ukuphepha ukubola okucekeceke kwezekethi zobhedu. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, i-heavy-duty liquid kunye ne-paste fluxes eyenzelwe iglasi enemibala, imibhobho yobhedu, i-sheet metal, okanye i-stainless steel iqulethe i-concentrated inorganic acids (ikakhulukazi i-zinc chloride kuma-20 ukuya kuma-50 ekhulwini, i-ammonium chloride, kunye ne-hydrochloric acid) okanye i-fluoride ephazamisayo. Ukutshiza kweasidi ye-zinc chloride esweni kubangela ukutshisa okukhawulezileyo, okunzulu kweekhemikhali okunokuthi kube yifu ngokusisigxina kwi-cornea kwimizuzu nje embalwa ngaphandle kokuba igungxulwe ngokukhawuleza ngamanzi abalekayo kangangemizuzu eli-15 ukuya kwengama-30, nokuphefumlela umphunga wayo obilayo oneasidi kunokubangela ukwenzakala okukhulu kwemichiza yomoya.

*Esi sikhokelo sibonelela ngokulungela okungxamisekileyo kunye nolwazi lokuqala lokudibanisa ipakethe yebhetri, i-soldering, kunye neengozi zekhemikhali eziguquguqukayo kwaye asithathi indawo yoqeqesho lobuchwephesha bobunjineli bombane okanye unyango lwezonyango. Cinga ngokuthatha uncedo lokuqala oluvunyiweyo kunye nekhosi yeCPR evela kuMnqamlezo oBomvu, iSt John Ambulance, okanye umbutho wakho wokhuseleko welizwe.

Izikhokelo ezinxulumeneyo

Imithombo ijongiwe

  • I-Health and Safety Executive (HSE, United Kingdom): Ukulawula iiNgozi zeMpilo ezivela kwi-Rosin (i-Colophony) esekelwe kwi-Solder Flux Fumes (INDG249 / EH40 iMida yokuSebenza kwindawo yokuSebenza)
  • Iziko leSizwe loKhuseleko lweMisebenzi kunye neMpilo (i-NIOSH / CDC, eUnited States): Isikhokelo sePokotho kwiiNgozi zeMichiza yeZinc Chloride Fume, iHydrogen Chloride, kunye neRosin Core Solder Pyrolysis Products
  • Umbutho woKhuseleko loMlilo weSizwe (i-NFPA, eUnited States) kunye ne-UL yeZiko loPhando loKhuseleko loMlilo (UL FSRI): I-Lithium-Ion Battery Thermal Runaway, i-Vent Gas Toxicity (i-Hydrogen Fluoride), kunye neziKhokelo zokuSungula uMlilo
  • I-American Academy ye-Ophthalmology (AAO, eUnited States): Ulawulo oluNgxamisekileyo lwe-Ocular Chemical Burns (i-Zinc Chloride / i-Acid Fluxes) kunye ne-Intraocular / Corneal Molten Metal Foreign Bodies
  • ULawulo loKhuseleko eMsebenzini kunye noLawulo lwezeMpilo (OSHA, eUnited States): IKhokelo kuLwakhiwo kunye neShishini ngokuBanzi (29 CFR 1910.1025) kunye neSixhobo soKhuseleko soBuntu soKhuseleko lwamehlo noBuso (29 CFR 1910.133)