I-Cast-Iron Main Drain Stack yokuNgqogqa okanye iLead-Oakum Hub eDityanisiweyo ivuza Ngaphakathi kweDonga: Irhasi yogutyulo kunye neNo-Hub Fernco Shielded Coupling¶

Xa 75-ukuya-100-millimeter (3-ukuya-4-intshi) nkqo cast-intsimbi umhlaba ukupakisha ** ngaphakathi kwikhaya elidala uphuhlisa umhlwa ** nkqo hairline uqhekeko ("ukubola umjelo" okanye sulfur-asidi corrosion crack) okanye xa inkulungwane-ubudala i-lead etyhidiweyo kunye ne-oyile edibeneyo-oakumtfra udonga ngaphakathi-kwaye i-oyile ye-oyile igubungele udonga ngaphakathi-kwaye i-aspi corrosion yasekhaya ibonakaliswe kwiingozi ezimbini ezifihlakeleyo: Udidi olungapheliyo lwe-3 ilindle elimdaka elingena eludongeni olusakhelo kunye nokungena okuqhubekayo kwetyhefu yehydrogen sulfide (\(\text{H}_2\text{S}\)) kunye ne-methane eqhumayo (\(\text{CH}_4\)) igesi yogutyulo. Kwizigidi zamakhaya akhiwe phakathi ko-1890 no-1978, eyona mibhobho mibhobho mithe nkqo ethwala inkunkuma yendlu yangasese ukusuka kumagumbi okuhlambela ukuya kutsho kumbhobho ongaphantsi komhlaba ohambisa amanzi amdaka (kwaye unwenwela eluphahleni njengowona mgxobhozo we-atmospheric) wadityaniswa ukusuka kubunzima 1.5-imitha (5-foot) amacandelo ombhobho obunzima bomhlaba obunzima obuninzi Kuba umbhobho othe nkqo weemitha ezili-10 (unyawo olu-33) we-100-millimeter (i-intshi ezi-4) umbhobho wentsimbi onyuka ukusuka kumgangatho ongaphantsi ukuya eluphahleni unobunzima obuziikhilomitha ezingama-225 ukuya kuma-360 (iikhilogram ezingama-500 ukuya kwezingama-800), ukusika ube yinxalenye eqhekekileyo yesitaki esisezantsi ngaphandle kokuqala ubambe umbhobho* umbhobho osikiweyo* ezona mpazamo zibulalayo kwimibhobho ye-DIY yokuhlala: xa umbhobho osezantsi unqunyulwe, engaxhaswanga 300-kilogram (660-pound) ikholamu yentsimbi ephezulu iwa njenge-guillotine ngaphakathi kodonga lokusukela, ukutyumza izandla zabasebenzi kunye nokukrazula yonke isinki yokuhlambela ephezulu, ibhafu, kunye neendonga zangasese.

Ungaze usebenzise i-propane blowtorch ukuzama ukunyibilikisa okanye ukugeleza kwakhona ilothe evuzayo kunye ne-oakum cast-iron hub joint ngaphakathi kodonga lwamaplanga; i 1,995°C (3,623°F) idangatye elivulekileyo litshisa izikhonkwane zodonga zebhaluni eyomileyo yenkulungwane endala kunye nemicu ye-oakum ye-hemp efakwe ngetela ngoko nangoko, ngelixa ukufuma okuvaleleke ngaphakathi kumngxunya womhlwa kukhanya kumphunga kunye ne-splatters *327°C (621°F) emehlweni akho atyhidiweyo. Ukuba uva ivumba elibi elibolileyo legesi yehydrogen sulfide ebangela isiyezi, okanye ukuba isitaka sentsimbi esinzima siyashukuma kwaye isoyikisa ukuwa kwerhasi okanye kwiintambo zombane, phuma kwangoko kwaye utsalele umnxeba kwindawo yakho. amanani kaxakeka (Ama-911 eUnited States naseKhanada, angama-999 eUnited Kingdom, angama-112 kulo lonke elaseManyano yaseYurophu, kunye nama-000 eOstreliya). Ngerhasi enxulumene nogutyulo, amanzi amnyama, kunye neemeko zikaxakeka zemibhobho yolwakhiwo, dibana nabakhokheli bethu I-oyile yamafutha angaphantsi komhlaba okanye ivumba lerhasi yogutyulo, idreyini yomgangatho owomileyo we-P-trap, kunye nemethane, ukhuseleko logutyulo, umbhobho wophahla onomkhenkce onomkhenkce kwi-polar vortex, izindlu zangasese ezigungxulwayo, kunye nokuphonswa komgibe, kwaye ukungunda emva komonakalo wamanzi.

Yenza oku ngoku¶

Ukuba ufumanisa amadyungudyungu amdaka amdaka alila ilindle elimnyama phantsi kombhobho wentsimbi othe nkqo kwigumbi lakho elingaphantsi okanye kumthungo wodonga olumanzi kumgangatho wokuqala, ehamba nevumba lerhasi yogutyulo:

1. YEKA Konke Ukugungxulwa kweYangasese kwigumbi eliphezulu, iShawari, kunye noomatshini bokuhlamba abaMisa ngaphezu kweNceba:
2. Ngokungafaniyo nombhobho wonikezelo wamanzi wobhedu ocinezelekileyo otshiza ngokuqhubekayo, ume nkqo I-Drain-Waste-Vent (DWV) isitaki somhlaba wentsimbi sisebenza zero hydrostatic pressure (atmospheric gravity flow) ngaphandle kokuba umgca ongundoqo wogutyulo ongezantsi uvalekile.
3. Ukumisa onke amanzi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwendlu yangasese kwimigangatho engaphezulu kokuqhekeka ngoko nangoko kumisa i-100 yepesenti yokukhutshelwa kwamanzi amdaka kumbhobho oqhekezayo ngaphandle kokufuna ukuvala ivalve yamanzi aselwayo kwindlu enkulu.
4. Ungakhe Uchonge kwiCrusty Rust Tubercles ("Barnacles") NgeScrewdriver Ngaphandle kokuba Ukulungele UkuPatshi:
5. Imibhobho ye-iron idleka ukusuka ngaphakathi ngaphandle ngenxa ye-biogenic sulfuric acid eveliswa ziibhaktheriya zombhobho (Thiobacillus) oxidizing igesi yehydrogen sulfide ecaleni kweendonga zemibhobho.
6. Into ebonakala ngathi incinci 25-millimeter (1-intshi) yerhashalala yerusi e-orenji-brown ngaphandle kwesipaki sentsimbi etyhidiweyo idla ngokuba yi-0.2-millimeter yafer-ebhityile yeqanda leqanda le-iron oxide* eligquma 50-millimeter (2-intshi) umngxuma ovulekileyo kudonga lombhobho. Ukuba ugqobhoza isikrudrayiva kuloo blister yomhlwa phambi kokuba umkhono wakho wokulungisa ulunge, intsimbi ebolileyo idilika ngaphakathi kwaye ivule umngxuma ovulekileyo ngokuthe ngqo kumsele ophilayo wogutyulo.
7. Qinisekisa ukuba ingaba iSitaki siphantsi kweBacked-Up Hydrostatic Pressure (Uvavanyo lweClog engundoqo):
8. Mamela ngokusondeleyo kumbhobho kwaye ujonge i-drain ephantsi yomgangatho ophantsi okanye isitya sendlu yangasese esezantsi.
9. Ukuba amanzi amdaka aqhubelekayo ephuma okanye etyibilika eludongeni naxa kungekho lulungiso luphezulu lusetyenziswayo:Umbhobho welindle ongundoqo wesakhiwo esiphantsi komhlaba uvalekile, kunye noluhlu olumileyo 100 ukuya kuma-300 eelitha (iilitha ezingama-25 ukuya kwezingama-80) zogutyulo olukrwada lufakwe ugcino lombhobho ngaphezu kombhobho othe nkqo nge-10-intshi. UNGAkhululi nakuphi na ukudityaniswa okanye ukusika kwimfumba ngeli lixa ibambe intsika emileyo yelindle, okanye amakhulu eelitha zenkunkuma ekrwada ekrwada iya kuphuma phantsi koxinzelelo lwentloko; bona ukhuseleko logutyulo.
10. Misa iGesi yoGutyulo kunye neNqaku eliNcinci eliNcinci eliNcincileyo lokuBoneleka okwexeshana kunye ne-EPDM yeRubber eSplit Sleeve okanye iFiberglass/Epoxy Wrap:
11. Ngelixa unxibe iiglavu ze-nitrile, isiphefumlo se-N95/P100, kunye neeglavu zokhuseleko, ibhrashi ethambileyo yocingo ekhululekileyo ejikelezileyo (engekho nzulu) ukuqhekeka kweenwele ezithe nkqo, sula intsimbi ephothiweyo nge-isopropyl yotywala, kwaye ucinezele isiqwenga se-*mbini-ezahlulo ezimbini zentsimbi ezaliswe yintsimbi ye-epoxy putty ecande ukuvuza okuthe nkqo.
12. Ukomelezwa kwangoko ngoomatshini ngaphandle kokusika umbhobho, songela ** ishiti le-3-millimeter (0.125-intshi) neoprene/EPDM irabha** malunga nesangqa sonke sombhobho phezu kwepatch ye-epoxy kwaye uyicinezele phantsi ngokuqinileyo usebenzisa intsimbi ezintathu ezisindayo ezingenastainless intsimbi ye-worm-gear irabha (isithuba seesentimitha ezi-5**isithuba seesentimitha) ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi ** i-fiberglass / i-polyurethane umbhobho wokulungisa i-bandage **).
13. Pakisha kwakhona iNdawo yokuLila-kunye-ne-Oakum Bell Hub eDityanisiweyo Usebenzisa iAyini yokuKhanda eBandayo kunye noboya beLothe (awukhe ube yiTotshi):
14. Ukuba amanzi amdaka alila kumphezulu wehabhu** yentsimbi kunye ne-spigot yehabhu** apho umsesane welothe egalelweyo uye wangcangcazela wakhululeka, cofa iringi yelothe ekhoyo ebandayo ngokuqina ezantsi malunga nesangqa sawo sama-360-degree usebenzisa *intsimbi ebuthuntu ebandayo-intsimbi (umcambo/caulking chisel) kunye nebhilogram eyi-2 ukuya kwipandi enye wandise kwakhona ilothe ethambileyo ngokuchasene nodonga lwe hub yentsimbi etyhidiweyo, okanye tamp ephothiweyo uboya belothe / polyurethane hub sealant kwisithuba.
15. Ngaphambi kokuba kuTshintshwe nakuphi na ukuTshintsha, qinisela isitaki sentsimbi esiseNtla ngentsimbi enezibambo eziMbini zokunyuka zentsimbi ezimiswe kuMgangatho woMgangatho:
16. Ungaze unqumle umgangatho womhlaba othe nkqo wentsimbi ukuze udibanise kwiShedyuli yama-40 yecandelo lokutshintsha lePVC ngaphandle kokuqala uxhase umbhobho ongaphezulu.
17. Ibholiintsimbi enzima-yegeyiji yokunyuka intsimbi (efakwe ngomtya welaphu elimery okanye iteyiphu yokubamba irabha ukuze imihlathi egudileyo ingakwazi ukutyibilika kwintsimbi endala) ujikeleze umbhobho ongasentla kanye ngentla kokungena kumgangatho wokuqala nomgangatho wesibini, ukuphumza ibamba lendlebe ngapha nangapha *50-x4x4-by-10 ibhloko ye-tinning-by-10 joists, kwaye udibanise icandelo elitsha lePVC kwintsimbi endala usebenzisa **ASTM C1277 / C1540 enzima-umsebenzi we-4-band stainless-shielded no-hub transition couplings ** (ungaze ukhuselwe iibhutsi zerabha ezingaphezulu komhlaba).

Umthi wesigqibo: ukulinganisa kunye nokuzinzisa isitaki sentsimbi evuzayo okanye ihabhu joint¶

flowchart TD
    Start["INGXAMISEKILEYO YESITAKA SE-IRON: Umhlwa othe nkqo uyaqhekeka okanye ihabhu evuzayo yelothe edibeneyo ngaphakathi kodonga okanye umgangatho ongaphantsi"] --> StopUse["INYATHELO LOKU-1: UKUHAMBA NGOKUNGOKO KANGAKA KANYE & NOKWAHLUKANISWA KWEGASTI: 1. Yeka konke ukugungxulwa, iishawa, kunye nempahla yangasese kwigumbi eliphezulu 2. UNGAGQIBI amadyungudyungu 'ebharnacle' anomhlwa ngesikrudrayiva 3. Ventilate igesi yogutyulo (H2S / methane); khangela ukuba idreyini ephantsi ikhuselekile"]

    StopUse --> BackupCheck{"Ngaba amanzi amdaka ahlala eqengqeleka nazo zonke izixhobo ezikumgangatho ongaphezulu ZIVALIWE?"}

    BackupCheck -->|"EWE: IKholam yeLindle eMileyo kwiSitaki"| ClearMain["INGOZI: UXINEZELEKO LUXINEZELELWE UXINEZELEKO: • Umjelo ongundoqo ophantsi kombhobho ongezantsi uvalekile; Isitaki sibamba i-100+ L yogutyulo • Sukuwusika umbhobho okanye ukhulule izidibanisi de ucoceko oluphambili lwandiswe kwaye luphele."]

    BackupCheck -->|"NO: I-Gravity Stack ayinanto xa uLungiso lucimile"| LeakLoc{"Ngaba ukuvuza kukuqhekeka kodonga lombhobho othe nkqo OKANYE yintsimbi kunye ne-spigot hub joint?"}

    LeakLoc -->|"UKWENZA OKUMQONDISO OKANYE UKURHA KWEBLISTER KWIPIPE BARREL"| TempClamp["INYATHELO 2A: UZINZISO LIKAXAKEKAYO LWEZIZWI ZANGAPHANDLE: • Ibrashi yocingo ngobunono ekhululekileyo kwisikali esijikeleze i-crack; zosula ngotywala • Cinezela i-2-part metal epoxy putty kwi-crack ethe nkqo ukumisa irhasi ye-H2S • Gquba ishidi lerabha le-EPDM eliyi-3-mm kumbhobho & ne-cinch ngezibambiso zemibhobho ezi-3 ezingenastainless"]

    LeakLoc -->|"ILILA Bell-kunye-SPGOOT LEad hub JOINT"| ColdCaulk["INYATHELO LESI-2B: UZINZISO LWENXA YENKCAZO EBALISA KUBANDA: • UNGAZE ufake itotshi yepropane kwindawo yelothe-ne-oakum hub (umlilo & nelothe splatter) • Beka intsimbi ebuthuntu emphethweni womsesane othululwayo welothe • Cofa ngobunono malunga ne-360 deg nge-ball-peen epeyintwe ilothe okanye i-law epulithane yelaphu isitywini)"]

    TempClamp --> PermPlan["INYATHELO LESI-3: I-PVC ESESIGQINA / AKUKHO-HUB ICANDELO LOKUBUYISELWA: 1. Iibholiti zentsimbi yokunyuka (nge-emery grip) zijikeleze intsimbi ephezulu kumgangatho ongaphezulu kwe-2. Khupha okanye usike icandelo lentsimbi eliqhekekileyo usebenzisa i-carbide blade okanye ivili ledayimane 3. Ishedyuli ye-Splice Schedule 40 i-PVCshieldi-ABS engapheliyo usebenzisa i-PVCshiel-ABS (ASTM C1540)"]
    ColdCaulk --> PermPlan
    ClearMain --> PermPlan

Kutheni i-cast-iron drain stacks iqhekeka ngokuthe nkqo kunye nendlela i-load-oakum hubs isebenza ngayo¶

Ukuqonda i-metallurgy kunye nepateni ye-corrosion yangaphakathi ye-50-to-100-year-old cast cast iron inqanda ukuguqula i-seep encinci ibe yi-stack ephukileyo:

ANATOMY OF A CAST-IRON SOIL STACK: VERTICAL SULFUR CRACK VS. LEAD-OAKUM HUB

             ||              ||
             ||  (Upper      ||  <-- 1. MANDATORY STEEL RISER CLAMP AT FLOOR ABOVE
             ||   Spigot)    ||         (Supports 300-kg upper stack before cutting)
   ==========++==============++========== [2nd-Floor Plywood Subfloor]
             ||              ||
         ____||______________||____
        |  [Poured Molten Lead]    | <-- 2. BELL-AND-SPIGOT HUB JOINT
        |  [Tarred Oakum Hemp]     |        (Bottom 2/3 packed with oakum rope;
        |____                  ____|         top 25 mm filled with poured lead
             \                /              and cold-caulked tight)
              |              |
              |      :       |       <-- 3. VERTICAL "CHANNEL ROT" / H2S CRACK
              |      :       |              (Sulfuric acid gas eats pipe wall thin
              |     (*)      |               from the inside; hoop tension splits
              |      :       |               brittle grey cast iron vertically)
              |              |

1. Kutheni iiNdaba ezithe nkqo zenziwa ecaleni kombhobho we-Cast-Iron Stacks¶

• I-Biogenic Sulfuric Acid Thinning: Ngaphakathi kwesipakisho somhlaba esithe nkqo okanye idreyini yesebe ethe tye, irhasi yogutyulo equlathe hydrogen sulfide (\(\text{H}_2\text{S}\)) iyanyuka kwaye inyibilike ibe yifilim ebhityileyo yokufuma encamathele ngaphakathi ngaphakathi kodonga lwentsimbi. Aerobic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans) iguqula loo \(\text{H}_2\text{S}\) ibe yi-concentrate sulfuric acid (\(\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4\)) ene-pH ephantsi njenge 1.0 ukuya ku-2.0.
• I-Graphitic Corrosion and Rust Jacking: Ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-50 ukuya kwengama-80, le asidi ikhupha intsimbi esulungekileyo ngaphandle kwentsimbi engwevu yematrix, ishiya ngasemva amathambo athambileyo, abrittle skeleton ekhabhoni yegraphite kunye ne-iron oxide ene-1 millimeter (0.04 intshi) kuphela ubukhulu* (xa kuthelekiswa nobukhulu. 2-millimitha* 5-intshi* yodonga lwantlandlolo.
• Ukwahlulwa kwe-Thermal kunye noLwahlulo lokuHlaliswa koLwakhiwo: Xa umntu egalela imbiza ebilayo yamanzi epasta okanye ehambisa ishawa eshushu phantsi kombhobho wentsimbi obandayo ebusika, okanye njengoko indlu eyenziwe ngamaplanga izinza kwaye icinezela isitaki esomeleleyo, uxinzelelo lwehupula olujikelezileyo lwahlula umbhobho obhityisiweyo ecaleni kwemitha ethe tye ukuya kwi-10- 10- 10- 10- 10- 10- 10- 10- 20 ukuqhekeka okuthe nkqo**. Ngenxa yokuba intsimbi ye-iron oxide ithatha ** ama-6 ukuya kwi-7 umthamo wentsimbi yokuqala **, umhlwa wakheka ecaleni kwemilebe eqhekekileyo njengesiva esiqwengayo.

2. Isebenza njani iNdawo yeNdibanisela yeNtsonkotha yeNsimbi kunye ne-Oakum yeSipigot¶

Phambi kokuba kwaqalwa umbhobho wentsimbi owenziwe ngerabha-gasket "no-hub" ngeminyaka yoo-1960, lonke ilungu kwisitaki sentsimbi sadityaniswa ngesandla:

1. Isiphelo somzantsi osingqingqwa (spigot) wombhobho ongaphezulu uhleli ngaphakathi kwendebe egqabhukileyo (bell okanye hub) yombhobho ongezantsi.
2. Umtywini waqhuba imicu ye-hemp ephothiweyo efakwe kwipine tar okanye kwi-oyile ye-bentonite (oakum) nzulu kumzantsi wesibini esithathwini somsantsa we-annular hub usebenzisa intsimbi egobileyo. I-ookum yenza eyona itywina engangeni manzi kwaye ibeka embindini wombhobho.
3. Emva koko, umtywini wagalela 327°C (621°F) ilothe yehagu enyibilikisiweyo kumphezulu 25 millimeters (1 intshi) yekomityi. Ngenxa yokuba ilothe elulwelo ishwabana kancinane njengoko iphola kwaye iqina, umtywini wasebenzisa intsimbi emdaka ngaphakathi nangaphandle ecaulking iron kunye nehamile yokukroba (i-cold-forge) iringi yelothe eyomeleleyo ngaphandle ngakudonga lwe hub, itshixa ilungu ngomatshini.

Uthelekiso lweTheyibhile: Ukukhetha iNxulumano eLungileyo xa uSplicing iCast iron to PVC/ABS¶

Impazamo exhaphakileyo ye-DIY engaphumeleliyo kuhlolo lwemibhobho kwaye ibangele intlekele engaphakathi eludongeni yokucheba ithenga ibhuthi yerabha engaphantsi komhlaba yeFernco engakhuselwanga** (ebanjwe nje ngamaqhosha amabini eentshulube) ukuze udibanise umbhobho othe nkqo okanye othe tye ngaphakathi kodonga lwendlu:

Inyathelo ngenyathelo: uzinzo olukhuselekileyo lwethutyana kunye nokutshintshwa okusisigxina kokusikwa¶

Inqanaba loku-1: Ungayekisa njani ukuvuza kweCrack esebenzayo kwiMizuzu eli-15 ngaphandle kokusika umbhobho.¶

Ukuba ufumanisa ukukhala okuthe nkqo ngaphakathi eludongeni okanye kwigumbi elingaphantsi kwaye kufuneka uyeke amavumba amdaka amdaka kunye nokufuma kwangoko ngelixa ulinde iindawo okanye umtywini onelayisensi:

1. Qinisekisa ukuba amanzi akwigumbi eliphezulu AVALIWE kwaye ufake ukhuseleko lwamehlo, iiglavu ze-nitrile, kunye nesixhobo sokuphefumla.
2. Ukulungiselela umphezulu (Ngaphandle kokuPuncturing): Sebenzisa ibrashi yocingo kunye ne-80-grit sandpaper ukucoca i-5-centimeter (2-intshi) yomjikelezo* wentsimbi eqinileyo emacaleni omabini okuqhekeka okuthe nkqo, uze udilize nge 90% yotywala isopropyl okanye i-acetone kwaye wome ngesixhobo sokomisa iinwele.
3. Pakisha i-Crack nge-Steel-Reinforced Epoxy Putty: Xuba i-cylinder ye-*2-part steel-filled-filled plumbing epoxy putty ** de kube grey efanayo, yicinezele ngokuqinileyo kubo bonke ubude be-crack (ukwandisa i-25 millimeters ezidlulileyo zombini iziphelo zokwahlula okubonakalayo ukubamba i-crack tip i-propagation *. ** 2
4. Faka iBandaji ye-Elastomeric Compression: Songa iqhekeza elinguxande3-millimeter (0.125-intshi) EPDM ishidi lerabha yerabha (okanye ubude bomkhono wokudityaniswa kwerabha oyi-intshi ezi-4) ujikeleze ngokupheleleyo umbhobho phezu kwe patch ye-epoxy, beka ishiti elicekethekileyo le-aluminiyam edanyazayo-intsimbi edanyazayo okanye irubha eshiyiweyo irubha ekhanyayo ikhaka, kwaye uqinise ** ezintathu ukuya ezine 115-millimeter (4.5-intshi) stainless steel worm-gear band clamps ** isithuba ngasinye ** 4 iisentimitha (1.5 intshi) ** ecaleni ukulungiswa.

Inqanaba lesi-2: Ungasikwa njani ngokukhuselekileyo iCandelo lokuCasa-intsimbi eqhekekileyo kunye neSplice kwiShedyuli ye-40 yePVC¶

SAFE TWO-CLAMP SUPPORT & SHIELDED TRANSITION SPLICE OF A CAST-IRON STACK

   ========[2x4 Timber Blocks Across Joists]======== [Upper Floor Subfloor]
        |___[Heavy Steel Riser Clamp + Emery Cloth]___|  <-- Bears 100% of upper 300-kg stack
                         ||        ||
                         ||  (Old  || (Cut squarely with diamond wheel / carbide blade)
                         ||  Cast) ||
                    +====++========++====+
                    | 4-Band Shielded    | <-- ASTM C1460 / C1540 Transition Coupling
                    | Transition Coupling|     (Stepped rubber bushing matches Cast OD to PVC OD)
                    +====++========++====+
                         ||        ||
                         || (New   ||
                         || Sch 40 || (4-inch Schedule 40 Solid-Core PVC Pipe)
                         ||  PVC)  ||
                    +====++========++====+
                    | 4-Band Shielded    | <-- Torqued to 6.8 N·m (60 in-lbs)
                    | Transition Coupling|
                    +====++========++====+
                         ||  (Old  ||
                         ||  Cast) ||

1. Inyathelo loku-1: Qhomeshela iSitaki esiPhezulu NgeziKlampu zeNtsimbi eziKhuphukayo ezineNtsimbi:
2. Yiya emgangathweni ngokuthe ngqo ngaphezulu kwecandelo elonakeleyo (okanye umphezulu wodonga olungaphandle oluveziweyo ngokuthe ngqo ngaphantsi kweendawo zokuhlanganisana kumgangatho wokuqala) kwaye usonge umcu we**-60-grit erhabaxa yelaphu ye-emery tape okanye i-2-millimeter yerubha ye-neoprene** ejikeleze umphandle wombhobho wentsimbi.
3. Bolt i-100-millimeter (4-intshi) enzima yolwakhiwo lwentsimbi yokunyuka ibamba* ngokuqinileyo ujikeleze ilaphu le-emery ukuze iindlebe ezibambekayo zihlale** kwiibhloko zeplanga ezimbini ezi-2x4** ezigudla imidibaniso yomgangatho (okanye iweji ezimbini 2x4 unxweme oluthe nkqo lwamaplanga ngokuqinileyo phantsi komlilo wesamente ukuya kumphezulu wesamente ongentla).
4. Inyathelo lesi-2: Sukuyisebenzisa i-Ratchet Soil-Pipe Chain Snapper kuMbhobho oMdala oNdle:
5. Abatywini abachwepheshile basebenzisa i-ratchet chain snap cutter ukukrazula umbhobho wentsimbi omtsha kraca ngokucocekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ubeka ikhonkco lokusika i-snap cutter iminyaka engama-80 ubudala ye-asidi ethe nkqo yesitaki, uxinzelelo lwe-asymmetric olutyumzayo luqhekeza umbhobho obhityileyo njengeqokobhe leqanda kwaye linokusasaza ukuqhekeka okuthe nkqo 1.5 yeemitha (iinyawo ezi-5) ngqo phezulu kwisilingi engentla.
6. Endaweni yoko, yinqumle intsimbi endala endaweni usebenzisa i-angle grinder efakelwe ivili le-diamond grit cast-iron cutoff wheel okanye i-reciprocating saw (Sawzall) efakwe i-8-TPI carbide-tipped cast-iron blade (efana ne-Torch carbide blade), ibaleka ngesantya esiphakathi ukuthintela i-oyile okanye i-oyile ngamazinyo.
7. Yenza ** izikwere ezimbini zokusikwa okuthe tye ** (ukusika i-top cut ** i-80 yeepesenti ngeyokuqala **, emva koko wenze ukusika kwezantsi, kwaye ubambe icandelo ngelixa ugqibezela ukusika okuphezulu ukuze unzima ** 15-kilogram / 33-pound ** inkunkuma yenkunkuma ayigxininisi i-blade okanye iwe ngonyawo lwakho).
8. Inyathelo lesi-3: Ukwahlula kwiShedyuli ye-Solid-Core 40 yePVC usebenzisa i-4-Band Shielded Transition Couplings:
9. Ukulinganisa umsantsa phakathi kokusikwa kombhobho wentsimbi phezulu nasezantsi kwaye unqumle iqhekeza iShedyuli eqinileyo-yoludwe lweShedyuli 40 yePVC (okanye ABS) DWV umbhobho ukuya 6 millimeters (0.25 intshi) mfutshane kunomsantsa (ukuvumela irabha esembindini yokumisa iringi ngaphakathi kwezidibanisi ezimbini; i-VC/isiseko esingundoqo sokusetyenziswa kwesiseko sefoam iindawo zokuhlala ezinomthwalo ophezulu okanye ezingevani nesandi).
10. Shelelisela intsimbi engatyiwayo izikhuselo zokucheba zangaphandle kwizikhondo zentsimbi, lisonga indawo enyathelweyo neoprene/EPDM iigaskets zerabha ngasemva phezu kweziphelo zombhobho, beka icandelo elitsha lombhobho wePVC kwisithuba, jikelisa iigaskets zerabha ngasemva phezu komdibaniso, tyibilikisa izikhuselo ezingenasihlwa, ujike izikrufu ezijikeleze umsele kwaye ugxininise phezu kombhobho. usebenzisa ilinganiswe 6.8 N·m (60 intshi-yeponti) T-isiphatho esingena hub isitshixo setorque.

Iikhowudi zemibhobho yengingqi, imigangatho yokudibanisa intsimbi, kunye nemida yerhasi yogutyulo¶

Imibuzo ebuzwa qho¶

Kutheni le nto ungaze usike kwisitaki sentsimbi esithe nkqo ngaphandle kokubamba umbhobho ongaphezulu kuqala?¶

I-100-millimeter (i-intshi ezi-4) umhlaba owenziwe ngentsimbi onobunzima obuphakathi kwama-28 kunye nama-40 eekhilogram ngemitha (19 ukuya kwi-27 yeeponti ngenyawo). Kumakhaya amaninzi amadala anemigangatho emibini, ikholamu ethe nkqo ye-8-to-10-meter (26-to-33-foot) ethe nkqo yombhobho wentsimbi enobunzima obungama-250 ukuya kuma-350 eekhilogram (550 ukuya kuma-770 eekhilogram) uphumle kuxinzelelo kwingqiniba yawo esezantsi kumgangatho ongaphantsi, kunye nomgangatho ovulekileyo wemibhobho yamaplanga. Ukuba usika icandelo eliqhekekileyo kwistakhi esisezantsi ngaphandle kokuqale ubophe izibophelelo zentsimbi enzima ezinyukayo ezijikeleze umbhobho kwindawo edityanisiweyo ngokuthe ngqo ngaphezu kwesisikiweyo sakho, yonke intsika yombhobho engaphezulu yama-300 eekhilogram yehla ijonge ezantsi njengesarha, utyumza izandla zakho, utsale umbhobho wokuphuma ezantsi kuphahla oludanyazayo, kwaye wophule imibhobho yesebe phantsi kophahla oludanyazayo.

Kutheni ungasebenzisi irabha emnyama engakhuselwanga ibhutsi yeFernco enemibhobho emibini ebambekayo ngaphakathi eludongeni okanye kwigumbi elingaphantsi?¶

Umdibaniso werabha omnyama obhetyebhetye obambeke kuphela kwizibophelelo ezimbini zethumbu lemibhobho yeentshulube (ngaphandle kwebhanti yangaphandle yentsimbi ejiyileyo ejiyileyo) yenzelwe ngokungqongqo ukungcwaba phantsi komhlaba apho umhlaba odityanisiweyo uxhasa umbhobho macala onke. Ngaphantsi kweKhowudi yeMibhobho yeHlabathi (i-IPC iCandelo le-705) kunye neKhowudi eFanayo yokuPlumbing (i-UPC), ukudityaniswa kwerabha engakhuselwanga akukho mthethweni kwimibhobho yamanzi yangaphakathi engaphezulu komhlaba ngenxa yokuba ubunzima obunzima besitaki esithe nkqo okanye umbhobho othe tye ubangela ukuba isiqalelo serabha esithambileyo sigxumeke okanye sishukume emacaleni ("chear"). Kwane-4-millimeter ecaleni kwe-offset yenza i-ledge yangaphakathi ngaphakathi kumbhobho odibanisa iphepha lendlu yangasese kunye nezinto eziqinileyo, ezibangela ukuphindaphinda ukugcinwa kwamanzi amdaka. Ngalo lonke ixesha sebenzisa i-ASTM C1277 okanye i-C1540 4-band ye-stainless-steel-shielded transition edibanisayo ngaphezulu komhlaba.

Kutheni kuyingozi ukugqobhoza iblister enomhlwa ("barnacle") kumbhobho wentsimbi omdala onesikrudrayiva?¶

Imibhobho yokukhupha i-iron idla ngokuphuma ngaphakathi ngenxa yokuba iibhaktheriya zombhobho wogutyulo ziguqula igesi yehydrogen sulfide ibe yiasidi yesulfuric ecaleni kweendonga zangaphakathi zombhobho. Ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-60, iasidi itya ngokupheleleyo kudonga lwentsimbi oluziimilimitha ezi-6 (i-intshi eziyi-0.25), ishiya kuphela uqweqwe olucekethekileyo, olubhityileyo lwe-iron oxide e-orenji-brown ("tuberculation" okanye i-rust barnacle) ngaphandle kombhobho. Nangona i-blister ibonakala yomelele ngaphandle, kukho i-zero ye-structural metal eshiywe ngaphantsi kwayo. Ukuba ugqobhoza okanye ukhuhla elo dyunguza lomhlwa ngescrewdriver, uqweqwe oluethe-ethe luyawa ngaphakathi luvule umngxuma ophakathi kwama-25 ukuya kuma-50 eemilimitha (i-1-ukuya-i-intshi ezi-2) ngqo kumngxuma ophilayo wogutyulo.

Umisa njani intsimbi evuzayo yelothe-kunye ne-oakum yentsimbi edibeneyo kwisitaki sentsimbi etyhidiweyo ngaphandle kokusebenzisa iblowtorch?¶

Ungaze ufake i-propane okanye i-MAPP itotshi yegesi kwintsimbi yentsimbi kunye ne-spigot hub edibeneyo ngaphakathi kwendlu, kuba ilangatye elivulekileyo litshisa i-framing yodonga kunye ne-tarred hemp oakum fibers ngaphakathi kwendawo edibeneyo, ngelixa ukufuma okubanjelwe phantsi komsesane okhokelayo kukhanya kwi-steam kwaye kuqhume i-327-degree-Celsius (621-degree-Celsius ikhokelela kwi-degree-Fahrenheit ebusweni bakho. Ngenxa yokuba ilothe esulungekileyo ithambile kwaye ithambile kubushushu begumbi, abatywini baphinda batywine indawo yokulila edibeneyo yokubanda: beka itshizili ebandayo ebandayo (intsimbi ebambekayo) ngokuchasene nencam yangaphakathi nengaphandle yeringi yelothe kumphezulu we hub yentsimbi kwaye ucofe ngobunono ukujikeleza i-360-degree circumference nge-ball-peen okanye intsimbi yokuphosa i-rely-peen okanye i-rely-peen. uboya belothe obuphothiweyo kunye ne-polyurethane sealant kumphetho.

*Esi sikhokelo senzelwe iinjongo zolwazi kwaye asithathi ndawo yomtywini ophum' izandla onelayisenisi. Ukusebenza kumhlaba onzima wentsimbi owenziwe ngentsimbi uthwala imingcipheko yokutyumza kakhulu kunye ne-biohazard; soloko unxibe ukhuseleko lwamehlo, iiglavu ezinzima, kunye nokukhuselwa kokuphefumula, kwaye ucinge ngokuthatha isiseko sokhuseleko lwasekhaya kunye nekhosi yoncedo lokuqala kwi-Red Cross okanye i-St John Ambulance.

Izikhokelo ezinxulumeneyo¶

• I-oyile yamafutha angaphantsi komhlaba okanye ivumba lerhasi yogutyulo, idreyini yomgangatho owomileyo we-P-trap, kunye nemethane
• Umbhobho onombhobho wophahla onomkhenkce onomkhenkce kwipolar vortex, izindlu zangasese ezigungxulwayo, kunye nokuphonswa komgibe
• Ibhafu okanye ishawari ekumgangatho wesibini ingalo iqhagamshelwa ukugalela amanzi kumgangatho wokuqala
• Backup yogutyulo
• Umngundo emva komonakalo wamanzi
• Amanani kaxakeka

Imithombo kunye nezikhokelo ezisemthethweni¶

• I-Cast Iron Soil Pipe Institute (CISPI): Cast Iron Soil Pipe and Fittings Handbook (I-Hub-and-Spigot Lead/Oakum Joints, CISPI 301/310 No-Hub Couplings, Torque Specifications, and Vertical Stack Riser Support Rules).
• I-International Code Council (ICC) kunye ne-International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials (IAPMO): IKhowudi yeMibhobho yamazwe ngamazwe (IPC Isahluko sesi-3 kunye neSahluko se-7: i-Hangers kunye neeNkxaso zeThebhile 308.5 kunye neCandelo le-Sanitary Drainage Joints 705) kunye neKhowudi yeMibhobho elinganayo (UPC).
• I-ASTM yamazwe ngamazwe: * I-ASTM C1277 (iNgcaciso eMiselweyo yeZiqhagamshelo eziKhuselweyo eziHlanganisa i-Hubless Cast ye-Iron Soil Pipe) kunye ne-ASTM C1460 / C1540 (i-Heavy-Duty Shielded Transition Couplings for Dissimilar DWV Piping) *.
• ULawulo loKhuseleko lwezeMisebenzi kunye noLawulo lwezeMpilo (i-OSHA, eUnited States) kunye neSigqeba sezeMpilo kunye noKhuseleko (HSE, eUnited Kingdom): *I-Hydrogen Sulfide (\(\text{H}_2\text{S}\)) kunye neMida yeMethane Sewer Exposure Gas kunye noKhuseleko lweMibhobho yokuChasa *.