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Ukuphuphuma kweLindle eliDityanisiweyo (CSO) ukuya kuMlambo waseNgingqi, eChibini, okanye eLwandle emva kwemvula enkulu: iiPathogens zogutyulo olukrwada, iLeptospirosis, kunye ne-Post-immersion Decontamination

Emergency numbers differ by country. This page uses 911, the number for the United States and Canada. Many other countries use 112, 999, or another number. Find the number for your country.

Xa iindudumo zasehlotyeni, izandyondyo zemvula, okanye ukunyibilika kwekhephu okukhawulezileyo kulahla ngaphezulu kwe-1.5 ukuya kwi-2.5 yeesentimitha (0.6 ukuya kwi-intshi e-1.0) yemvula ngeyure kwisixeko esidala esisetyenziswa yi INkqubo eDityanisiweyo yoGutyulo (CSS), iindawo zokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka zikamasipala azikwazi kujongana nokudityaniswa kokuhamba kwamanzi esitshi esitalatweni kunye nogutyulo lwasekhaya olucocekileyo. Ukugcina ugutyulo lwamanzi amdaka angangeni kumawaka eendawo zokuhlala kunye nezitrato zesixeko, imijelo yokuhambisa amanzi ezenzekelayo (Imibhobho edityanisiweyo yokuPhumla [CSO] iindawo eziphumayo) zivuleke ecaleni kwemilambo yasezidolophini, imijelo yokubhexa, amazibuko, namanxweme okuqubha, zikhupha izigidi zeelitha** zelindle labantu elingacocwanga, amanzi amdaka asesibhedlele, amanzi aphuma kwimizi-mveliso, namanzi esitrato angcoliswe ziimpuku nomchamo** ngqo kwiindawo zokuzonwabisa zasemanzini iiyure ezingama-24 ukuya kwezingama-72 emva kokuyeka kwemvula. Ukuba i-kayaker, i-rower, i-triathlete, i-surfer, i-angler, umsebenzi wokuhlangula izikhukhula, okanye isilwanyana sasekhaya sintywiliselwa emlanjeni, echibini, okanye elunxwemeni lonxweme ngexesha okanye kwiiyure ezingama-48 emva kokuhamba. CSO ukukhutshwa, bajongene nokuvezwa ngokukhawuleza kwe-leptospirosis (isifo sika-Weil), enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC O157:H7), norovirus, hepatitis A, Cryptosporidium, kunye Vibrio vulnificus / Aeromonas hydrophila necrotizing usulelo lwezicubu ezithambileyo. Tsalela umnxeba kwinombolo yakho yexesha likaxakeka (911 eUnited States naseKhanada, 112 kwi-European Union, 999 eUnited Kingdom) ngokusebenzisa amanani kaxakeka Ukuba nabani na uba nomkhuhlane ophezulu, i-jaundice, i-red-purple skin bullae, okanye ukuphefumla nzima emva kokuntywiliselwa kumanzi amdaka, kwaye udibane nezikhokelo zabazalwana bethu Umbhobho ohambisa amanzi amdaka ugqabhuke kakhulu, igiza ekrwada yesitrato, kunye nokuvalwa kwevalve ngasemva, umjelo ohambisa amanzi amdaka uyaphuphuma kunye nokuphuphuma kwesitalato, kwaye ikhefu elingundoqo lesixeko sonke kunye namanzi abilise.

Ukusinda ekuntywilisweni ngengozi okanye ukunxibelelana nokuzonwabisa kunye Ukuphuphuma kweLindle eliDityanisiweyo (CSO) okanye Ugutyulo lombhobho ococekileyo (SSO) iplamu ifuna ukwenziwa kwemigaqo emine esekwe yi U.S. I-Arhente yoKhuseleko lweNdalo (EPA Kuzwelonke CSO Umgaqo-nkqubo woLawulo), i Amaziko oLawulo lweSifo kunye noThintelo (CDC), uMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi (WHO), kunye ** I-Arhente yoKhuseleko lwezeMpilo yase-UK (UKHSA): ukunyanzeliswa kwesithuba seeyure ezingama-48 ukuya kwezingama-72 emva kokuna kwemvula "Akukho-Qubha / Akukho-Capsize" ifestile emazantsi edolophu CSO ukuphuma, ukwenza ishawari eshushu yemizuzu eli-15 yesepha kunye namanzi elandelwa kukunkcenkceshela ngoxinzelelo oluphezulu (500 mL amanzi okusela okanye ityuwa engenazintsholongwane plus 2% Chlorhexidine okanye Povidone-Iodine) kulo lonke ulusu olukhuhlayo, iblister, okanye i-leech/izinambuzane ngaphambi kokuba ibhaktheriya ihlasele idermis, ukugungxula kwamehlo kunye neempumlo ezingenazintsholongwane. 0.9% ityuwa ngaphandle kokusebenzisa itephu yamanzi ngaphakathi kwempumlo, kunye ** nokucela uvavanyo lwezonyango olujoliswe emva kokuba sesichengeni (Doxycycline 200 mg idosi enye leptospirosis prophylaxis, Tdap i-tetanus booster, kunye Hepatitis A isitofu sokugonya/i-immunoglobulin phakathi kweentsuku ezili-14) xa ukufakwa kumngcipheko ophezulu okanye ukuntywiliselwa kwinxeba elivulekileyo kwenzeka**.

Yenza oku ngoku

  1. Phuma emanzini ngoko nangoko ukuba uyabona okanye uyanuka CSO Izalathisi eziphuma ngaphandle: IiPlumes eziBrown-Grey, "ILitha yeLindle" edadayo (Ii-Wipes ezimanzi, ii-Tampon Applicators, ii-Condoms), i-Slicks ye-Slicks ye-Surface Foam/Grease, okanye i-Gulls Diving kumbhobho ontywiliselwe. Uninzi lwasezidolophini. CSO iindawo eziphumayo zintywiliselwa ngaphantsi komzila wamanzi wemilambo, amachibi, kunye neelwandle kwaye ziqala ukukhupha ngaphakathi **15 ukuya kwimizuzu eyi-30 yezantyalantyala zemvula **. Ukuba uqhwithela lubetha ngelixa ubheqa, i-kayaking, i-paddleboarding, okanye uqubha, okanye ukuba umasipala wakho CSO imephu yesilumkiso ibonisa ukukhutshwa okusebenzayo okanye okutsha nje (within the past 48 hours), phuma emanzini ngoko nangoko, gcina umlomo wakho uvaliwe ukuze isitshizi sokuvuka singabethi imilebe yakho, kwaye musa ukuzihlamba izandla okanye ubuso emlanjeni.
  2. Yenza i-"First-30-Minute Mucous Membrane & Shower Decontamination" phambi kokutya, ukusela, okanye ukuchukumisa ubuso bakho. Phambi kokuba uchukumise ibhotile yamanzi, i-snack, ifowuni, okanye ivili lokuqhuba imoto, hlambulula izandla zakho nge 60% to 70% ijeli yotywala (qaphela ukuba ijeli yotywala ibulala iintsholongwane ezifana ne E. coli kunye ne Leptospira, kodwa AYI kubulala i-Norovirus okanye i-Cryptosporidium oocysts, kufuneka uhlambe nge-friction kunye nesepha). Khululani zonke iisuti ezimanzi, iigada, iibhatyi zobomi (PFDs), kunye nezihlangu zamanzi ngaphandle okanye kwisikhwama seplastiki, hlamba ngokucokisekileyo ** ngamanzi ashushu afudumeleyo kunye nesepha yokulwa ne-antibacterial ubuncinane imizuzu emi-5 ukuya kwe-10 **, kwaye uvuthele impumlo yakho kwaye utshice nayiphi na i-saliva kunokuba uginye i-post-nasal drip.
  3. Nkcenkceshela yonke into eSikiweyo, iBlister yeRower, Scrape, okanye i-Bug Bite phantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu lwamanzi abalekayo kangangemizuzu emi-5 egcweleyo, galela iPovidone-Iodine okanye iChlorhexidine, kwaye UNGAZE uvale okanye ucofe isilonda esivezwe kuGutyulo ngokungqongqo. Nokuba nemikrazuko yesikhumba ebonakeleyo (efana nokutshilwa kwesikhumba, ukukrolwa kwesikhumba okanye ukukrolwa kwesikhumba imikrwelo yeqokobhe elingenanyawo) isebenza njengendawo yokungena ngqo ye-Leptospira spirochetes, Aeromonas hydrophila, kunye ne-Vibrio vulnificus. Khuhla kwaye ugungxule lonke ikhefu eluswini nge-epha kunye nanzi okusela (oknye a kzzwxh:0115 ibhotile yetywa engcollo ehlatywe ukutsiba umsinga ocinezelekileyo)**, sebenzis10% Povidone-Iodine (Betadine) okanye 2% to 4% Chlorhexidine Gluconate (Hibiclens), kwaye ugqume ngephedi ye-gauze eyinyumba ephefumlayo (* ungaze utywine isilonda esingcoliswe lindle ngeglue elulwelo lwe-cyanoacrylate okanye imicu yebhabhathane eqinileyo, ebamba ibhaktheriya ye-anaerobic kunye ne-necrotizing ngaphakathi **).
  4. Ukuba uGutyulo lwamanzi oMlambo okanye oLwandle lwatshiza Emehlweni akho okanye eMlonyeni: Gubuzisa Amehlo ngokuNzalwa 0.9% Saline kwiMizuzu emi-5 ukuya kweyi-10, kwaye Uhlambe uMlomo Wakho ngeAntiseptic Mouthwash Ngaphandle kokuginya. Musa ukuhlikihla amehlo anamanzi amdaka (agalela intlenga kunye neAdenovirus / Acanthamoeba kwicornea); nkcenkceshela amehlo omabini ngokuhlamba amehlo ngetyuwa enetyuwa. Swish kwaye utshice **0.12% Chlorhexidine okanye utywala / i-cetylpyridinium antiseptic mouthwash ** imizuzwana ye-30 ukunciphisa i-mucosal yomlomo we-viral kunye ne-bacterial load.
  5. Qhagamshelana noGqirha okanye iKlinikhi yoNyango oluKhawulezileyo kwiiyure ezingama-24 ukuba uginye CSO Amanzi okanye antywiliselwe inxeba elivulekileyo: Buza malunga Doxycycline iLeptospirosis Prophylaxis, Tdap I-Tetanus Booster, kunye Hepatitis A I-Post-Exposure Prophylaxis. Phantsi kwe-CDC / WHO isikhokelo sonyango, ukuntywiliselwa kwamanzi acocekileyo asemngciphekweni omkhulu (ingakumbi ukuntywiliselwa kumanzi acocekileyo okanye ukuvezwa kwamanxeba avulekileyo kwimilambo yasezidolophini ephethe umchamo wempuku) iqinisekisa ukuqwalaselwa **kwidosi enye yomlomo. Doxycycline 200 mg i-post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) ngaphakathi kwe-24 kwiiyure ze-72 ** ukukhusela i-leptospirosis, a Tdap / Td i-tetanus booster ukuba isitofu sakho sokugqibela sasingaphezulu kwiminyaka eyi-5 eyadlulayo ngenxa yenxeba elimdaka, kunye nedosi enye ye-iHepatitis A yesitofu (kunye IG ukuba ngaba amajoni omzimba abuthathaka) phakathi kweentsuku ezili-14 ukuba akagonywanga.
  6. Bukela iFlegi eziBomvu "zeZigaba ezimbini" kwi-2 elandelayo ukuya kwiintsuku ezingama-30: I-Rapid Cellulitis (12 to 72 Hours) vs. Leptospirosis / Weil's Disease (5 to 14 Days). Yiya kwiSebe leeNgxamiseko zeSibhedlele ngokukhawuleza kwaye uxelele ngokucacileyo ugqirha we-triage "Ndandintywiliselwe kumlambo / ulwandle oludibeneyo lweSewer Overflow ngo [Umhla]" ukuba uphuhla (A) Ukusasaza ngokukhawuleza ukuvuvukala kwesikhumba esibomvu / esimfusa, iintlungu ezibuhlungu ngaphandle komlinganiso wokusikeka okuncinci, okanye i-blister ezaliswe ligazi (i-Aerobril 7 kwiiyure ezi-22 i-necrotizing fasciitis), OKANYE ** (B) Umkhuhlane ophezulu, ithole elibukhali / i-back-back muscle, amehlo egazi (conjunctival suffusion ngaphandle kobofu), amehlo atyheli/ ulusu (jaundice), umchamo omnyama, okanye ukukhwehlela igazi kwi-2 kwiintsuku ze-30 kamva ** (i-Leptospirosis / isifo sika-Weil).

Danger

Kutheni ooGqirha basoloko bephosisa i-Fatal Leptospirosis (Isifo sika-Weil) njenge "Flu nje" Kuze kube kuqhankqalazo lwezintso kunye nesibindi: I-Leptospira interrogans yintsholongwane ye-spirochete efakwe kwi-corkscrew egalelwe kumchamo wamagundane asezidolophini ahlala ngaphakathi kunye ne-rave yasezidolophini. CSO Amatonela kwaye akhukuliswe emilanjeni nasemachibini ngexesha lemvula enkulu. Igqobhoza elimanzi ("ithenwe") ulusu olungagungqiyo, amadyungudyungu amancinane, okanye i-conjunctiva yamehlo. Ngenxa yokuba ixesha lokufukamela liba yi-avareji 5 ukuya kwiintsuku ezili-14 (uluhlu lweentsuku ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-30) kwaye iSigaba soku-1 siqala ngefiva ngesiquphe, ukubanda, intloko ebuhlungu, kunye nesicaphucaphu, izigulana kunye noogqirha bahlala beyigatya njengomkhuhlane okanye i-COVID-19, ngaphandle kwemikhondo emibini yakudala: ukuqhawuka kwethole kunye ne-lumbar lumbartival kunye nokuqaqamba kwamehlo ukukhupha)**. Kwi-10 ukuya kwi-15 ipesenti yamatyala, emva kokuhla kwe-1-to-3-day drop in fever,kusulelek kwakhona kwi-*Phase 2 ( Weil's Disease*) *: i-fulminant ** i-jaundice (ukungaphumeleli kwesibindi), ukungaphumeleli kwezintso ze-oliguric ezifuna i-dialysis, kunye ne-pulmonary hemorrhage ebulalayo (ukuphuma kwegazi kwimiphunga Umlomo kwangoko **Doxycycline (100 mg BID x 7 days) okanye i-IV Ceftriane / Penicillin G iphilisa i-leptospirosis ngokupheleleyo ukuba iqalwe ngaphambi kokuba kuqale ukusilela kwamalungu.

Umthi wesigqibo: Ukuphuphuma kweLindle eliDityanisiweyo (CSO) ukuntywiliselwa decontamination & triage medical

flowchart TD
    A["Umntu okanye isilwanyana sasekhaya sintywiliselwe okanye sichaphazwe eMfuleni, eChibini, kwiCanal, okanye eLwandle Ngexesha okanye Ngaphakathi kweeyure ezingama-48-72 emva kweMvula enkulu (Isiganeko seCSO / SSO)"] --> B{"Inyathelo elikhawulezayo loku-1: Ukukhutshwa kweentsholongwane kwimizuzu engama-30 yokuphuma kwamanzi"}
    B --> C["Hlula izixhobo ezimanzi ngaphandle -> Ishawa 5-10 min ngamanzi ashushu aselwayo kunye nesepha -> nkcenkceshela ONKE amasikele/amadyungudyungu ngama-500 mL amanzi axinzelelweyo + Povidone-Iodine / Chlorhexidine -> Gubha amehlo anentsholongwane eyi-0.9% yetyuwa"]
    C --> D{"Ngaba umntu uginye amanzi amdaka, wantywila entloko, okanye waveza inxeba elivulekileyo/amadyungudyungu/irhashalala?"}
    D -->|"EWE: Amanzi aginyiweyo, ukuntywiliselwa entloko, okanye inxeba elivulekileyo lesikhumba"| E["I-Same-Day Medical / Unyango olungxamisekileyo (Ngaphakathi kwe-24-72 hrs): 1. I-Tdap Tetanus Booster (ukuba>iminyaka emi-5 ukususela kwidosi yokugqibela) 2. Xoxa nge-Doxycycline 200 mg PO x1 Leptospirosis PEP (amanzi acocekileyo/umlambo wasezidolophini) 3. I-Hepatitis A ingagonywanga i-PEP yeentsuku ezine,"]
    D -->|"HAYI: Ukuchaphaza okufutshane kwisikhumba esingaguqukiyo kuphela, sihlanjwe kwangoko"| F["Ukubeka iliso kwesikhumba kunye nobushushu iintsuku ezingama-30; isikhitshane sokubulala iintsholongwane/igiya/impahla yokumanzisa ene-0.1% yeSodium Hypochlorite (1:50 ibleach) okanye iQuaternary Ammonium"]
    E --> G{"Beka iliso kwiiFlegi eziBomvu zeKliniki ngaphezulu koSuku loku-1 ukuya kuMhla wama-30"}
    F --> G
    G -->|"Iiyure ze-12 ukuya kwi-72: Ukusabalalisa ngokukhawuleza kwesikhumba esibomvu / esimfusa, iintlungu ezibuhlungu ngaphandle komlinganiso wokusikwa, okanye i-bullae"| H["ISEBE LENKXASEKO NGOKUNGOKO: Umrhanelwa i-Aeromonas hydrophila (amanzi acocekileyo) okanye iVibrio vulnificus (amanzi anebrakhi/amanzi anetyuwa) I-Necrotizing Infection -> IV Ceftriaxone/Cefepime + Doxycycline + Consult"]
    G -->|"Iintsuku zoku-1 ukuya kwe-10: Urhudo oluqhumayo okanye olunegazi, ukugabha, ukuqaqanjelwa sisisu"| I["I-GI Pathogen Workup: Oral Rehydration Salts (ORS) -> Stool PCR (STEC O157: H7, Salmonella, Campylobacter, Cryptosporidium, Giardia) -> PHEPHA iziyobisi ze-antimotility (Loperamide) ukuba urhudo olunegazi / umkhuhlane"]
    G -->|"Iintsuku ze-2 ukuya kwe-30: umkhuhlane ophezulu ngokukhawuleza, ithole / i-myalgia ebuhlungu, amehlo abomvu (i-conjunctival suffusion), i-jaundice, umchamo omnyama, okanye ukuphefumla"| J["ISEBE LIKAXAKEKA NGOKUNGOKO: Umrhanelwa weLeptospirosis / Weil's Disease -> Igazi/i-PCR yomchamo + iMAT Serology, iRenal/Hepatic Panel -> Qala iDoxycycline okanye i-IV Ceftriaxone NGOKUNGOKO ngaphambi kokuqinisekiswa kwelebhu"]

Icandelo 1: Indlela yokuPhuphuma kweLindle eliDityanisiweyo (CSO) Imisebenzi kunye nesizathu sokuba "i-48-to-72-Hour Post-Rain Rule" ikhona

Ngaphezu kwe-700 yoomasipala baseUnited States* (bagxile kuMntla-mpuma, eGreat Lakes, eMidwest, nasePacific Northwest, njengeSixeko saseNew York, eChicago, eBoston, ePhiladelphia, eWashington D.C., eSeattle, ePortland, eSt. Louis, nase-Indianapolis), kunye nezixeko ezikhulu ngaphesheya kwe-United Kingdom (London Thames Tideway, Manchester, Glasgow, Vancouver, Canada, Toronto, Vancouver, Canada)* (I-Paris Seine, i-Berlin Spree) , ithembele kwi-19th- kunye ne-20th yenkulungwane yokuqala ** Iinkqubo ezidibeneyo zoGutyulo (CSS).

1. I-Hydraulic Physics of a CSO I-Regulator Weir

  • Ukuhamba kweMozulu eyomileyo: Ngexesha lemozulu eyomileyo, i-100 lepesenti yamanzi amdaka asekhaya (izindlu zangasese, iisinki, izibhedlele, iidreyini zemizi-mveliso) aqukuqela ngombhobho omnye ukuya kwiZiko lokucoca amanzi amdaka (WWTP).
  • Ukuphuphuma kweMozulu emanzi (> 0.5 to 1.0 inch / 1.3 to 2.5 cm yemvula): Ngenxa yokuba izitya zokubanjwa kwezaqhwithi zasesitalatweni zingena kumbhobho ofanayo kanye ophantsi komhlaba**, izantyalantyala zemvula ezinkulu zonyusa umthamo wokuhamba kwamanzi 10- ukuya kuma-50 ngokuphindwe kwimizuzu engama-20.
  • Umbhobho woNcedo: Ukuthintela umzi wokucoca ekukhukuliseni kunye nokunqanda ilindle elikrwada ukuba lingaqhumisi kwizindlu zangasese ezihlala abantu, idama elingaphantsiregulator weir okanye tide gate)** ichitheka ukuhamba okuxutyiweyo okugqithileyo, okuquka ikrwada, engakhuselwanga, ilindle lomntu elingafakwanga chloride elixutywe nokuhamba kwesitrato sasezidolophini, ngaphandle ngqo kumda womlambo okanye phambi kolwandle CSO imibhobho ephumayo.
  • Imijelo eGutyulwayo eZiphuphumayo (SSOs) kwizixeko ezahlukahlukeneyo zoGutyulo: Nakwizixeko ezitsha ezinesaqhwithi esahlukileyo kunye nemibhobho yococeko, imvula enkulu ingene igqobhoze imibhobho yogutyulo engaphantsi komhlaba (Ukungena nokuNgena [I&I[SSOs) iqamza liphuma emingxunyeni lisiya ngqo kwimijelo namachibi asebumelwaneni.

2. Kutheni Amanzi EseseNgozini kwiiyure ezingama-24 ukuya kwezingama-48 emva kokuba Isibhakabhaka Siclean?

Iindadi, iimbaleki ezithathu, nababheqi ngokufuthi benza impazamo yokungena emlanjeni okanye elunxwemeni ngentsasa yasemva kwesiphango esikhulu ngenxa yelanga eliqaqambileyo. Emva kwe-a CSO ukuphela kokukhutshwa, umgaqo wamanzi uhlala ungcoliseke kakhulu iiyure ezingama-48 ukuya kwezingama-72 (EPA / uMgangatho wokuValwa kweMpilo yoLuntu eLwandle) ngezizathu ezithathu: 1. I-Fecal Coliform kunye ne-Enterococcus Die-Off Lag: Ngelixa i-ultraviolet ngqo (UV) ukukhanya kwelanga kumanzi acocekileyo kwenza iibhaktheriya zingasebenzi ngokuthe ngcembe, CSO iiplanga zilayishwe ngeintlenga emisiweyo kunye ne-organic turbidity (high Nephelometric Turbidity Units [NTU]) ekhusela iibhaktheriya, iintsholongwane, kunye neprotozoan cysts ekukhanyeni kwe-UV. 2. Amachweba amachweba kunye namachibi ahamba kancinane: Kwimilambo enamanzi (efana ne-Hudson, iPotomac, iThames, okanye iDelaware) kunye namachibi avaliweyo/amazibuko, amanzi angenayo atyhala amanzi amdaka amdaka emantla, atyhatyha ubunzima obufanayo obufanayo umva nangaphambili ukuya kwizikhephe ezi-4 ukuya kwiilwandle ezi-4 ukuya kwiilwandle ezi-4 ukuya kwiilwandle ezi-4. iiyure)**. 3. I-Bottom Sediment Resuspension: Iintsholongwane ze-Enteric (Norovirus, Adenovirus, Hepatitis A) kunye ne-Cryptosporidium oocysts* zibophelela kumasuntswana odongwe olunzima oluhlala emlanjeni okanye kwisanti yaselwandle; xa ababheqi, ababheqi bebheqa oonokrwece, okanye izinja zixhokonxa intlenga esezantsi ezantsi eqatheni kwiintsuku ezi-2 kamva, ziphinda zirhoxise iintsholongwane ezosulelayo ezixineneyo.

Icandelo 2: I-6 ye-Pathogens esemngciphekweni ophezulu kwi-Raw CSO Amanzi (Incubation, Imikhondo kunye noNyango oluKhethekileyo)

Xa isigulana sihlakulela ukugula emva CSO okanye ukuntywiliselwa kwamanzi ezikhukula, oogqirha kufuneka bahlule phakathi kwe iiklasi ezintandathu ezahlukeneyo zepathogen ezinexesha elahlukileyo lokuqandusela kunye nonyango lwe-antimicrobial:

Pathogen & Umthombo kwi CSO Plume IPortal yokuNgena kunye nexesha lokufukamela Hallmark Clinical Presentation Uvavanyo lokuxilonga kunye noNyango oluKhethekileyo lwezoNyango
1. Leptospira interrogans (Leptospirosis / Weil's Disease) (Umchamo weempuku zasedolophini ugungxulwa kwimijelo ehambisa amanzi amdaka) Amanxeba, ulusu olungenamanzi, amehlo/ impumlo/umlomo. Ukufukanyelwa: 5 to 14 days (uluhlu 2 to 30 days). Isigulo se-Biphasic: Umkhuhlane ophezulu ngequbuliso, ukugodola, ithole eliqatha kunye neentlungu ezibuhlungu kwizihlunu ezisezantsi, ukufuthaniselwa kombungu (amehlo abomvu angenabo ubovu). Inqanaba lesi-2 (Weil's): Isifo senyongo, ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso (oliguria), ukopha kwemiphunga, i-meningitis. Igazi/Umchamo PCR (Iintsuku 1-10) + MAT serology. Unyango: Kancinci: Doxycycline 100 mg PO BID x 7d (okanye Azithromycin/Amoxicillin). Kakhulu: IV Ceftriaxone 1-2 g daily okanye IV Penicillin G.
2. I-Aeromonas hydrophila (Amanzi acocekileyo) kunye ne Vibrio vulnificus (Amanzi eBrackish / aTyuwa) Ukusikeka eluswini, amadyungudyungu okubheqa, imikrwelo, amanxeba okugqobhoza. Ukwaqalwa: Ngokukhawuleza (12 to 72 hours). Ukosuleleka kolusu oluqhumayo: Iintlungu ezibuhlungu zasekuhlaleni ezingalinganiyo novavanyo, ukukhula ngokukhawuleza kwe-erythema/i-edema, i-hemorrhagic/purple bullae (amadyungudyungu), fever, septic shock, necrotizing fasciitis. Inxeba + leeNkcubeko zeGazi kunye nokuHlolwa koCwangciso. Unyango: Aeromonas: IV Cefepime/Ceftriaxone + Ciprofloxacin okanye iDoxycycline. Vibrio: IV Ceftriaxone (2g+ Doxycycline (100 mg BID) + ukuchithwa konxunguphalo.
3. Iintsholongwane ze-Enteric: STEC E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella, Campylobacter, Shigella Ukuginya ngomlomo (ukuginya i-wake spray okanye amanzi omlambo). Uqanduselo: 1 to 7 days. Ukuxhuzula kwesisu, umkhuhlane, urhudo olunamanzi oluqhubela phambili ukuya kwilindle elibonakala linegazi. (Isilumkiso: STEC O157:H7 inokubangela Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome [HUS], uneemia elineemia ezintathu, ithrombocytopenia, nokungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso, ingakumbi ebantwaneni.) Isitulo seMultiplex GI PCR Iphaneli. Unyango: Oral/IV rehydration. UKUTHINTISWA: Ungaze unike i-Loperamide (Imodium) okanye i-antibiotics STEC O157:H7 (yandisa ukukhululwa kwe-Shiga-toxin kunye HUS ingozi).
4. Iintsholongwane ze-Enteric: Norovirus, Rotavirus, Adenovirus, Enterovirus Ukungeniswa ngomlomo okanye ukutshiza kwamehlo. Ukufukanyelwa: 12 to 48 hours (Norovirus); 5 to 12 days (Adenovirus). Norovirus: Ukugabha ngesiquphe kweprojectile, urhudo olungamanzi, ubushushu obuphantsi obuhlala iiyure ezingama-24-72. Adenovirus: Pharyngoconjunctival fever (umqala obuhlungu, ifiva, ired gritty conjunctivitis) okanye usulelo lwendlebe (otitis externa). Ukuxilongwa kweklinikhi / Isitulo okanye i-swab PCR. Unyango: IiTyuwa zokubuyisela amanzi emanzini (ORS), Ondansetron (4-8 mg) xa ugabha kakhulu.
5. I-Protozoa enganyangekiyo nge-Chlorine: Cryptosporidium parvum kunye ne-Giardia duodenalis Ukungeniswa ngomlomo (as few as 10 oocysts/cysts cause infection). Uqanduselo: 7 to 14 days. Urhudo oluthatha ixesha elide, olunuka kakubi, olunamafutha/ olunamanzi (lasting 2 to 4+ weeks), iibeltshi ezingcamla isulfure, ukuqunjelwa, ukuqunjelwa, ukuqaqanjelwa sisisu, ukubhitya. I-Antigen yesitulo / GI PCR Iphaneli (i-O&P eqhelekileyo yesiqhelo isoloko iphosa i-Cryptosporidium). Unyango: Cryptosporidium: Nitazoxanide (500 mg PO BID x 3d). Giardia: Tinidazole (2g PO x 1) okanye iMetronidazole.
6. Intsholongwane yeHepatitis A (HAV) (Ilindle lomntu lilindle) Ukufakwa ngomlomo. Ukufukanyelwa ixesha elide: 15 to 50 days (umndilili 28 days). Iprodrome yokudinwa, i-anorexia, isicaphucaphu, isisu esibuhlungu esisezantsi kwe-quadrant, elandelwa ngumchamo omnyama "weCoca-Cola", ilindle elimbala wodongwe kunye nejaundice etyheli.scleral icterus)**. ISerum Anti-HAV IgM + Iphaneli yesibindi (ALT/AST > 1,000 U/L, Bilirubin). UThintelo: Idosi enye yokugonya iHepatitis A (kunye IG ukuba ngaba > 40 yrs okanye immunocompromised) inikwe kwisithuba seentsuku ezili-14 emva kokuba sesichengeni.

Icandelo 3: Inyathelo-nge-nyathelo emva kokuntywiliselwa kwiProtokholi yokuphelisa iintsholongwane (aBantu, iGear, kunye nezilwanyana zasekhaya)

1. Ukucocwa koMzimba woMntu (The First 30 Minutes)

Ukuba ubhukuqa i-kayak, iqokobhe lokubheqa, okanye isikhephe, ukuwa kwidokhi, okanye ukuqubha kwindlela yamanzi ngexesha lokuhamba. CSO / SSO ingcebiso: 1. Umlomo, impumlo, kunye namehlo kuqala (kwiDokhi yesikhephe okanye kwiMoto): - Tshela, Ungaginyi: Kwangoko utshice nawaphi na amanzi emlonyeni wakho. Hlamba umlomo wakho kakuhle** ngamanzi asezibhotileni* kwaye utshice, emva koko uswayishe 15 to 20 mL i-antiseptic yokuhlamba umlomo (0.12% Chlorhexidine okanye Listerine / cetylpyridinium chloride) imizuzwana engama-30 kunye namathe. - Amehlo: Hlamba amehlo omabini ngeenyumba 0.9% sodium chloride eyewash pods (100 to 250 mL ngeliso ngalinye) intloko yakho ithekele emacaleni ukuze ukubaleka kungangeni kwelinye iliso. - Impumlo: Vuthela ngobunono impumlo yakho kwithishu enokulahlwa. Ukuba udaka lomlambo olungqindilili lungene emathatheni, hlambulula KUPHELA ngenyumba 0.9% saline spray (ungaze ukhuphe amanzi etephu engabiliswanga empumlweni, ngenxa yengozi yeNaegleria fowleri / Acanthamoeba). - Iindlebe (UThintelo lwe-"Swimmer's Ear"): Jikelisa intloko yakho kwicala ngalinye ukuze ukhuphe amanzi omlambo kwimijelo yendlebe, uze ufakele amathontsi ama-4 ukuya kwa-5 1:1 umxube we 70% Utywala be-Isopropyl kunye neVinegar emhlophe (2% Acetic Acid) kumbhobho wendlebe ngamnye (ngaphandle kokuba unombhobho wendlebe ogqojoziweyo okanye imibhobho yendlebe) ukubulala iPseudomonas aeruginosa kunye ne Aeromonas. 2. Hluba iGear kwingxowa etywiniweyo kwaye uthathe ishawari yesepha yemizuzu eli-10: - Khulula iimpahla ezimanzi, iisuti ezimanzi, iibhutsi, kunye neeglavu ** yehla umoya kwaye kude nobuso bakho ** (tsala oonogada berhashalala abamanzi ukusuka emazantsi ngononophelo ngamehlo kunye nomlomo uvale ngokuqinileyo, okanye ungene kwishawari kuqala kwaye uhlambe umphandle wehempe ngaphambi kokuba uyitsale phezu kwentloko yakho). - Hlamba umzimba wakho wonke kunye neenwele nge-amanzi ashushu aphathwayo kunye nesepha engamanzi (okanye 4% Chlorhexidine Gluconate ukukhuhla ngotyando kwimilenze, izandla, kunye netorso) ubuncinane 5 ukuya kwimizuzu eyi-10. 3. Ukunkcenkceshela koxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye neNkathalelo yokunxiba evulekileyo: - Hlola izandla zakho (ingakumbi amadyungudyungu entendeni yombheqi), iintsini, amaqatha, neenyawo phantsi kokukhanya okuqaqambileyo. - Gubha yonke i-cut, i-blister, okanye ukhuhle nge ** ubuncinci 500 mL yamanzi okusela acinezelekileyo okanye ityuwa engenazintsholongwane** (use an 18-gauge catheter tip on a 35 mL syringe or poke a pinhole in a sterile water bottle cap to generate 7 to 15 psi irrigation pressure). - Faka 10% Povidone-Iodine isisombululo okanye 2% I-Mupirocin / i-Bacitracin ointment kwaye yogqunywe ngesinxibo esikhululekileyo, esiphefumlayo esingenazintsholongwane. Jonga inxeba rhoqo kwiiyure ezi-6 kwiiyure ezingama-72 zokuqala: ukuba umda obomvu uphumela ngaphandle (draw a pen line around any redness), yiya kwiSebe lezoNgxamiseko ngoko nangoko.

2. Iisuti zokumanzi ezisusa ukungcola, iibhatyi zoBomi (PFDs), iiKayaks, iiShell zokuRowing, kunye nezinja

  • Oonokrwece bokubhexa, iiKayak, iiOars, kunye neHard Gear: Ungaze utshize phantsi a CSO-isikebhe esingcolileyo esinomshini wokuhlamba amandla aphezulu ekuphakameni kwentloko (esenza i-aerosolize klzzwxh:0185 ibe yinkungu evuzayo echaphazela nke umntu kwi-boathouse bay). Endaweni yoko, nxiba **iglavu ze-nitrile kunye nokukhusela amehlo **, hlba i-hull kunye nezibambo zokugwedla nge-isicoci kunye nombhobho wegadi woxinzelelo oluphantsi, kwaye ujije phantsi yonke indawo yubamba n **0.1% Sodium Hypochlorite (1:50 Ukuxutywa kbleac yasekhaya: 1/3 cup [80 mL] ye 5% to 6% litshi nganye 1 gallon [3.8 L] wamanzi)* okanye i-EPA List N Quaternary Ammonium disinfectant ene-10-imizuzu eli-10 yexesha lokudibanisa emanzi*, elandelwa sisivampu samanzi acocekileyo.
  • Neoprene Wetsuits, Booties, kunye PFDs (Apho iBleach Iyonakalisa Ilaphu): Iblitshi ithoba i-neoprene kwaye yenza buthathaka ukubhinca ibhatyi yobomi benayiloni. Soak ii-wesuits kunye PFDs kwibhafu enamanzi apholileyo axutywe ne phenolic okanye iquaternary ammonium wetsuit/gear sanitizer (efana ne Steramine okanye Revivex BCD/Wetsuit Sanitizer) imizuzu eyi-15, hlambulula kakuhle, kwaye uxhonywe ngqo ngqo ngaphandle ukukhanya kweUV ukuze yome ngokupheleleyo.
  • Izinja Ezazidada okanye ezazisela CSO Amanzi: Izinja zisengozini kakhulu kwi-acute fatal Leptospirosis kunye ne-Giardia / Campylobacter enteritis (nezinja ezigonyelwe i-leptospirosis azinakugqunywa kuzo zonke iimpuku zasezidolophini). Ukunxiba iiglavu ezingangeni manzi, ithumbu kunye neshampu yenja ngaphandle i-chlorhexidine ishampu yesilwanyana sasekhaya (ukugcina isepha emehlweni), yomise amathupha kunye nesisu, ubathintele ekukhotheni uboya babo obumanzi, kwaye ubize ugqirha wezilwanyana ngokukhawuleza ukuba akubuze ngomlomo weDoxycycline / Amoxicillin prophylaxis ukuba inja isele iplunge.

Warning

Kutheni ungaze uthabathe iziyobisi ezichasayo zeDiarrheal Antimotility (Loperamide / Imodium okanye Diphenoxylate / Lomotil) Ukuba Uphuhlisa Umkhuhlane okanye Urhudo olunegazi Emva CSO Ukuba sesichengeni: Ukuba ngaba unesifo segastroenteritis ebukhali emva kokuginya amanzi omlambo okanye onxweme ngexesha CSO isiganeko, ithuku lakho lokuqala linokuba kukuthatha i-counter-the-counter Loperamide (Imodium) ukumisa urhudo. Ukuba unomkhuhlane (>= 38.0°C / 100.4°F) okanye igazi elibonakalayo/i-mucus kwisitulo sakho, UNGAZE uthathe i-Loperamide. Iibhaktheriya ezihlaselayo zamanzi amdaka (Shiga-i-toxin-producing E. coli [STEC O157:H7], Shigella , Salmonella , kunye ne Campylobacter) zonakalisa udonga lwamakholoni; ukukhubazeka kwamathumbu e-intestinal kunye ne-Loperamide ibamba ibhaktheriya kunye ne- Shiga toxin ** ngaphakathi kwekholoni yakho, kwandisa kakhulu umngcipheko we- ** megacolon enetyhefu, i-bacteremia, kunye ne-Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome esongela ubomi (HUS ukusilela kwezintso). Hlaziya amanzi kuphela nge-WHO Oral Rehydration Salts (ORS) de zaziwa iziphumo zePCR.

Tip

Ibhukhimaki yeXesha lokwenyani leSixeko sakho CSO Imephu Yokuphuma Phambi KokuQalisa Nayiphi na Inqanawa yaseManzi okanye Ukuqubha: Phantsi kwe U.S. IiMfuno zeZaziso zoLuntu ze-EPA zokuPhuphuma kweLindle eliDityanisiweyo (40 CFR Part 122) kunye **I-Arhente yeNdalo yase-UK *UJongo lweXesha loMsitho (EDM) * inkqubo **, izinto eziluncedo kumachibi amakhulu, kuMntla-mpuma we-US, kwiPacific Northwest, nase-UK ngoku zipapasha ixesha lokwenyani loluntu CSO ukukhupha iimephu (ezinje nge NYC DEP IiNgcebiso zamanzi, Chicago MWRD Imephu yeCSO, King County/Seattle Imephu yeCSO Beach, kunye ne Surfers Against Sewage Safer Seas & Rivers Service / Thames Water EDM Map e-UK). Soloko ujonga imephu phambi kokusungulwa: ukuba kukho umsinga ophumayo okhutshiweyo kwixesha elidlulileyo iyure ezingama-48 (okanye ukuba ukucaca kwamanzi kumdaka kakhulu awukwazi ukubona iinyawo zakho ngaphakathi. 30 cm / 12 inches emanzini), phuma emanzini.

Uncedo lokuqala kunye nemiyalelo yesifo esosulelayo kweli phepha yeyesikhokelo esingxamisekileyo kuphela kwaye ayisoze yathatha indawo yovavanyo lwezonyango. Sincoma ukuthatha i-accredited ** ikhosi yoNcedo lokuQala kunye noKhuseleko lwaManzi ** ukusuka kwi- ** I-American Red Cross **, ** i-St John Ambulance **, okanye ilizwe lakho ** i-Red Cross okanye i-Red Crescent yoluntu **.

Iinombolo zengingqi zikaxakeka kunye neeprothokholi ze-arhente

  • EUnited States: Fowunela 911 ngayo nayiphi na imeko engxamisekileyo yezonyango (efana nesifo esirhanelekayo sika-Weil okanye usulelo lwenxeba lwe-necrotizing). Umbhobho oMbhobho oPhuphumayo oDityanisiweyo (CSOs) kunye nokuPhuphuma kweGutyulo loGutyulo (SSOs) zilawulwa yi U.S. I-Arhente yoKhuseleko lweNdalo (EPA) phantsi koMthetho waManzi aCocekileyo (NPDES Inkqubo yeMvume, 1994 CSO Control Policy, kwaye 40 CFR 122.38 Umthetho wezaziso zoluntu zamachibi amakhulu)**. Ukuvalwa komgangatho wokuzonwabisa wamanzi aselwandle kulawulwa yi EPA BEACH Act Iikhrayitheriya zoMgangatho waManzi oLonwabo (ebangela ingcebiso elwandle xa I-Enterococci igqithisa intsingiselo yejometri 35 CFU/100 mL okanye iXabiso loMda woBalo [STV] ye 130 CFU/100 mL, okanye E. coli idlula intsingiselo yejiyometri ye 126 CFU/100 mL / STV ye 410 CFU/100 mL). Xela ukuchitheka kwamanzi amdaka ekrwada okungavezwanga kumasipala wakho 311 / Umgca woNgxamiseko waManzi kunye neSebe likaRhulumente loKhuseleko lokusiNgqongileyo.
  • United Kingdom: Fowunela 999 kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo zonyango okanye NHS 111 kwiingcebiso zonyango ezingxamisekileyo emva kokuntywiliselwa kunye novavanyo lwe-leptospirosis / tetanus (ecaphula ** I-Arhente yoKhuseleko lwezeMpilo yase-UK [UKHSA] / iBritish Rowing * Leptospirosis (Weil's Disease) Isikhokelo **). Ukunika ingxelo yokukhutshwa kwamanzi amdaka okanye ukubulala intlanzi emlanjeni okanye elunxwemeni, fowunela i-Arhente yeNdawo ye-Environment 24-Hour Incident Hotline. 0800 80 70 60 (eNgilani), Izibonelelo zeNdalo eWales kwi 0300 065 3000, SEPA on 0800 80 70 60 (eSkotlani), okanye NIEA on 0800 80 70 60 (kuMntla Ireland). Jonga ukukhutshwa kwezandyondyo zesaqhwithi nge-Rivers Trust Sewage Map okanye AbaSefu abaChasene neLindle IiNkonzo zeeLwandle eziKhuselekileyo kunye neMilambo.
  • Khanada: Fowunela 911 ngexesha likaxakeka okanye 811 (HealthLink / Info-Santé / Health811) kwi-24/7 yokuvavanywa kwabongikazi ababhalisiweyo emva kokuba sesichengeni samanzi amdaka. Umasipala CSO ukunika ingxelo kunye nokuvalwa kwamanzi okuzonwabisa kulandela Izikhokelo zezempilo zaseKhanada zoMgangatho waManzi oLonwabo eKhanada* (E. coli <= 200 CFU/100 mL intsingiselo yejometri, <= 400 CFU/100 mL ubuninzi besampulu enye; Enterococci <= 35 CFU/100 mL intsingiselo yejometri, <= 70 CFU/100 mL isampuli enye) kunye Indalo kunye noTshintsho lweMozulu eKhanada (ECCC) IMimiselo yoMgxobhozo kwiiNkqubo zaManzi.
  • I-European Union: Fowunela 112 ngononophelo lwezonyango olungxamisekileyo. Amanzi okudada aselunxwemeni kunye nangaphakathi elizweni kuwo onke amazwe angamalungu e-EU alawulwa phantsi kwe-Umyalelo waManzi okuhlamba we-EU (2006/7/EC) kunye ne- Urban Wastewater Treatment Directive ehlaziyiweyo (UWWTD), egunyazisa iingcebiso zongcoliseko lwexesha elifutshane ngexesha lamanzi esiphango CSO iziganeko ezisekelwe I-Entestinal Enterococci kunye ne-Escherichia coli imiqobo.
  • I-Australia neNew Zealand: Fowunela 000 (Australia) okanye 111 (eNew Zealand) ngexesha likaxakeka. Iinkqubo zokubukela ulwandle ze-EPA (ezifana ne-NSW Beachwatch kunye ne EPA Victoria Yarra Watch) kunye ne-LAWA yaseNew Zealand (Land, Air, Water Aotearoa Ngaba Ndingaqubha Apha?) ukunyanzelisa isinyanzeliso **iyure ezingama-48 emva kwemvula enzima "Akukho-uGunyaziso lwe-Ric*Ulawulo lwe-Rc Ulawulo lwe-RcUlawulo lwe-R Amanzi oLonwabo. Bona uluhlu lwethu olupheleleyo ku amanani kaxakeka.

Imibuzo edla ngokubuzwa

Kude kube nini emva kwemvula enkulu umlambo, ichibi, okanye unxweme lwasezidolophini lungakhuselekanga ukuba lungaqubha, ukukhwela inqanawa, okanye ukubheqa ngenxa yokuPhuphuma kweLindle eliDityanisiweyo (iiCSO)?

Ii-arhente zempilo yoluntu (kubandakanywa ne-US EPA, i-Arhente ye-Environment yase-UK, i-Health Canada, kunye neenkqubo ze-Beachwatch zombuso) zicebisa ukuba zihlale ngaphandle kwemilambo yasezidolophini, amachibi, amachweba, kunye namanxweme aselunxwemeni kufuphi nesivunguvungu okanye ukuphuma kwe-CSO ubuncinane kwiiyure ze-48 kwiiyure ze-72 emva kokuphela kwemvula enkulu. Naxa ilanga liphuma ngentsasa elandelayo, ikhuselo lentlenga elimisiweyo likhusela iintsholongwane ze-fecal, i-Norovirus, kunye neCryptosporidium ekukhanyeni kwe-UV, kunye namaza amaza kumachweba emilambo atyhala amanzi amdaka anyuka ngomlambo ukuya kumazantsi omlambo imijikelo emi-4 ukuya kwemi-6 phambi kokuba inani lebhaktiriya libuyele kumanqanaba akhuselekileyo.

Ndingenza ntoni ngoko nangoko ukuba ndibhukuqeka okanye ndiginya amanzi emlanjeni ngexesha lomsitho wokuPhuphuma kweLindle eliDityanisiweyo?

Ngokukhawuleza utshice nawaphi na amanzi omlambo ngaphandle kokuwaginya, hlambulula umlomo wakho ngamanzi asebhotileni, kwaye ujike kwaye utshice i-antiseptic mouthwash (efana ne-0.12% ye-chlorhexidine okanye i-cetylpyridinium chloride) imizuzwana engama-30. Geza amehlo akho nge-0.9% yetyuwa enetyuwa, hlamba ngamanzi afudumeleyo aselwayo kunye nesepha imizuzu eyi-10 kwimizuzu engama-30 yokushiya amanzi, kwaye ukhuhle kwaye unkcenkceshele lonke ulusu olusikiweyo, ukukhuhla, okanye amadyungudyungu okubheqa ngamanzi acinezelweyo acocekileyo kunye ne-povidone-iodine okanye i-chlorhexidine. Qhagamshelana nogqirha kwiiyure ze-24 ukuxoxa nge-tetanus booster, i-Hepatitis A i-vaccine prophylaxis, kunye ne-dose eyodwa yomlomo i-Doxycycline (200 mg) i-leptospirosis prophylaxis.

Ziziphi iimpawu ezilumkiso zokuqala zeLeptospirosis (iSifo sika-Weil) emva kokuqubha okanye ukubheqa emanzini amdaka angcoliswe lindle?

I-Leptospirosis ngokuqhelekileyo iqala i-5 ukuya kwiintsuku ze-14 (uluhlu lwe-2 ukuya kwiintsuku ze-30) emva kokuvezwa ngomkhuhlane ophezulu ngokukhawuleza, ukuqhaqhaqhafaza, intloko ebuhlungu, isicaphucaphu, kunye neempawu ezimbini eziphawulekayo eziyahlula kwi-influenza eqhelekileyo: intlungu ebuhlungu ye-muscle ehlala kwindawo yamathole kunye nomqolo ophantsi, kunye ne-conjunctival suffusion (amehlo abomvu, abomvu, abomvu). Ukuba ayinyangwa, i-10 ukuya kwi-15 ipesenti yezigulane ziqhubela phambili kwiSigaba sesi-2 (isifo sika-Weil), esiphawulwe nge-jaundice ephuzi, umchamo omnyama okanye ongekho (ukuhluleka kwezintso ezibukhali), i-meningitis, kunye nokukhohlela igazi. Xelela ugqirha wakho wegumbi likaxakeka ngoko nangoko malunga nomlambo okanye ugutyulo lwamanzi amdaka ukuze baqalise i-Doxycycline okanye i-IV Ceftriaxone ngoko nangoko.

Kutheni indawo evulekileyo yokusikwa okanye amadyungudyungu evezwe kugutyulo olushushu oluselunxwemeni okanye olunebrackish ilindle ibeyimeko kaxakeka ekhawulezileyo ukuba ijika ibebomvu kwaye ibebuhlungu?

I-brackish efudumeleyo, i-estuarine, kunye namanzi aselunxwemeni angcoliswe ngamanzi emvula kunye ne-lindle ebalekayo kwizibuko i-Vibrio vulnificus, ngelixa imibhobho yamanzi amdaka e-Aeromonas hydrophila. Zombini iibhaktheriya zinokungena kwisikhumba esincinci, ukusikwa kwe-oyster, okanye i-blister yokukhwela kwaye ibangele i-necrotizing fasciitis kwiiyure ezili-12 ukuya kwezingama-48. Ukuba naliphi na inxeba elivezwe kumlambo okanye kumanzi aselwandle likhula ngokukhawuleza lisasaza ubomvu, ukudumba, umkhuhlane, amadyunguza amfusa okanye azaliswe ligazi (bullae), okanye iintlungu ezibuhlungu ezingaphaya komlinganiselo wesikiweyo, yiya kwisebe elingxamisekileyo esibhedlele ngokukhawuleza ukuze ufumane amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane emithanjeni kunye novavanyo lotyando.

Izikhokelo ezinxulumeneyo

Imithombo kunye nezikhokelo ezisemthethweni

  • I-U.S. I-Arhente yoKhuseleko lweNdalo (EPA): Umbhobho oMbhobho oDityanisiweyo oPhuphumayo (CSO) Umgaqo-nkqubo woLawulo (59 FR 18688), iiMfuno zeSaziso sikaWonke-wonke ze-NPDE zokuPhuphuma kweLindle eliDityanisiweyo ukuya kwi-Great Lakes Basin (40 CFR Part 122), kunye neNqobo yoBulunga baManzi kwezoLonwabo (EPA 820-F-12-058: Enterococci & E. coli Thresholds).
  • Amaziko oLawulo lweSifo kunye noThintelo (CDC) kunye noMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi (WHO): *IsiKhokelo seKlinikhi yeLeptospirosis kubaboneleli bezempilo (iDoxycycline 200 mg I-Post-Exposure Prophylaxis & ne-Weil's Disease Treatment), i-Vibrio vulnificus kunye ne-Aeromonas Ulawulo lwenxeba kuMkhukula / Amanzi amdaka, kunye ne-ACIP Post-Exposure Prophylaxis Guidelines for Hepatitis A kunye neTetanus *.
  • ** I-Arhente yoKhuseleko lwezeMpilo yase-UK (UKHSA), i-Arhente yeNdalo (EA), kunye neBritish Rowing:** Leptospirosis (Weil's Disease): ISikhokelo soKhuseleko lwaManzi lweklinikhi kunye noLonwabo lwaBakhweli, abaHambi, kunye nabaDadi baManzi avulekileyo, kunye nokuHlolwa kweXesha loMnyhadala (EDM) ImiGangatho yokuNika iNgxelo yokuPhuphuma kwesitshi.
  • I-Health Canada: Izikhokelo zoMgangatho waManzi oLonwabo eKhanada (uHlelo lwe-4: I-Microbiological Pathogens, i-Combined Sewer Overflow Risk Management, kunye ne-48-Hour Post-Rainfall Advisory).
  • UMbutho weZifo ezosulelayo zaseMelika (IDSA): Izikhokelo zeClinical Practice for the Diagnosis and Management of Skin and Soft Tissue Infections (Infectious Wound Infections: Aeromonas hydrophila, Vibrio vulnificus, kunye neMycobacterium marinum) kunye ne-Infectious Diarrhea (STEC O157:H7 I-Antimotility Contraindications).