Ngaphandle kweGridi yeGumbi laManzi eMvula kunye nokuFaneka kweNkqubo yoGutyulo¶

Ukuhlala kwikhabhathi engaphandle kwegridi, kwikhaya elisemaphandleni, kwindlu encinci, okanye kwinkampu ekude kukwenza ube yindawo yakho yokucoca amanzi kamasipala kunye nesixhobo sogutyulo. Xa impuku efileyo, intaka, okanye isele lihlamba lidlula kwiscreen sophahla esaphukileyo kwiqula lakho lokuvuna amanzi emvula, xa ukubaleka kwamanzi kungena kwitanki yamanzi ekhonkrithi engaphantsi komhlaba, okanye xa indlu yangasese egqubayo ijika ibe sisikhukula, nevumba elibi le anaerobic biohazard ngelixa umbhobho wakho wamanzi amdaka umkhenkceka phakathi ebusika, ukusilela ngoko nangoko kusongela ulwamvila lwamanzi kwindlu yakho. ukhuseleko logutyulo.

Ngokungafaniyo namanzi etephu acociweyo kamasipala athwala umqobo oshiyekileyo weklorin ukuya kwitephu yasekhitshini lakho, amanzi emvula akrwada avuniweyo kunye namaqula angajongwanga anezibulali-ntsholongwane ezishiyekileyo xa zigcinwe ebumnyameni. Iintsholongwane ze-fecal ezivela kwiintaka ezihlala eluphahleni, amalulwane, i-raccoons, kunye neempuku, kuquka i-Salmonella, Campylobacter, i-enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (O157: H7), Giardia lamblia, Cryptosporidium, kunye ne-*Leptospirament can-multiply or slimepers. ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni okanye i-hemolytic uremic syndrome. Esi sikhokelo sibonelela ngeyona ngqo iWorld Health Organisation (WHO), amaZiko eU.S. for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), kunye neU.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) izibalo zokothuko-chlorinating kwiqula elingcolisekileyo, iiprothokholi ezingxamisekileyo zokubilisa kunye nokubulala iintsholongwane kumanzi okusela kwangoko, inyathelo ngenyathelo lokusombulula ingxaki ukuhlangula indlela erhaxwayo okanye ekhuselweyo yempethu. umgca we-off-grid wamanzi amdaka.

Yenza oku ngoku¶

1. *Fumana unyango olukhawulezileyo ukuba nabani na uba norhudo olunegazi, umkhuhlane ophezulu, ijaundice, okanye ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni kakhulu. Ukuba umntwana, umntu omdala, okanye ilungu lekhaya libonisa iimpawu zosulelo oluphuma emanzini okanye ukuphelelwa ngamandla kwamanzi (isiyezi xa umile, amehlo atshoneyo, ukudideka, okanye ukungachami kangangeeyure ezisi-8+), tsalela umnxeba kwinombolo yakho kaxakeka yasekuhlaleni911 eUnited States naseKhanada, 112 kwiManyano yaseYurophu, 999 eUnited Kingdom) usebenzisa eyethu amanani kaxakeka ulawulo, kwaye uqalise isisombululo ngomlomo kwakhona.
2. Vala ivalve engundoqo yokuphuma kumgqomo wamanzi angcolisekileyo ukuya kwimibhobho yamanzi yendlu yakho ngoko nangoko. Ukuba uva ivumba elibi etephini, jonga amafu okanye amanzi atshintshe umbala, okanye ufumanise isilwanyana esifileyo okanye ukungena kwamanzi ezikhukula ngaphakathi kwequla lakho, vala isivalo sebhola esiphakathi kwetanki yetanki kunye nempompo yoxinzelelo lwe-12V/120V. Khawume ngqindilili "DO NOT DRINK OR BRUSH TEETH" sayina kuyo yonke iitepu yangaphakathi ukuze kungabikho mntu usebenzisa amanzi phambi kokuba imibhobho ithotywe.
3. Bilisa onke amanzi okusela kwangoko kunye namanzi okupheka malunga nomzuzu om-1 ogcweleyo (okanye imizuzu emi-3 ngaphezulu kweemitha ezingama-2,000 / 6,562 iinyawo). Musa ukuthembela kumathontsi eekhemikhali eblitshi kuphela ukuba kufunyenwe intaka efileyo okanye isilwanyana esanyisayo etankini, kuba ukugxilwa kwebleach yasekhaya okuqhelekileyo aku**** kubulawe ngokuthembekileyo Cryptosporidium oocyst oocysts. Ukuzisa amanzi ukuba abilise imizuzwana engama-60 (imizuzwana ye-180 kwindawo ephakamileyo) kubulala i-100 ekhulwini leebhaktheriya, iintsholongwane, kunye ne-protozoan cysts.
4. Ungaze ukhwele ngaphakathi kwitanki lamanzi elivalekileyo okanye itanki yokulicoca ukuze uyicoce. Amatanki angaphantsi komhlaba angenanto angenanto okanye ngaphezu komhlaba kunye namatanki enkunkuma asebenza njengezithuba ezibulalayo. Ukubola kwe-organic sludge kudla i-oksijini kwaye ivelise i-carbon dioxide enevumba elibi kunye ne-hydrogen sulfide ($ H_2S $) igesi; ukungena equleni ngaphandle kwesixhobo sokuphefumla somoya kunye nentambo yokuhlangula ye-tripod kubangela ukuba umntu angabikho zingqondweni ngemizuzwana. Soloko ucoca, utshayela, kwaye ukhuhle iqula ngaphandle usebenzisa iipali zokwandisa ezinemiqheba emide kunye nempompo yenkunkuma entywilayo emanzini.
5. Faka amanzi aphuma eluphahleni ("Ukugungxulwa kokuQala" okanye isiphambukisi sokugungxula amanzi) phambi kwesiphango semvula esilandelayo. Khipha okanye ujiwule umbhobho wokusela amanzi ophuma ezantsi otyisa iqula lakho ukuze inkunkuma eyongezelelekileyo eluphahleni, uthuthu, okanye ilindle lezilwanyana lingakwazi ukuhlambela etankini ngelixa uyicocayo.
6. Ukuba indlu yakho yangasese yokwenza umgquba iye yaphuphumala kudaka lwe-anaerobic, yeka ukongeza ulwelo ngoko nangoko kwaye wongeze i-carbon bulking agent eyomileyo. Ungaze ugalele iblitshi, iikhemikhali zeseptic, okanye isicoci sompayini kumgqomo wangasese osebenzayo webhayoloji, njengoko imichiza ibulala ibhaktiriya ye-thermophilic/mesophilic aerobic kwaye ikushiye nenkunkuma enekhemikhali eyityhefu. Khupha i-leachate engaphezulu kwivalve esezantsi kwi-jerrycan evaliweyo kwaye udibanise kwi-peat moss eyomileyo, i-coconut coir, okanye i-sawdust eyomisiweyo ye-kiln ukubuyisela iipokotho zomoya.

flowchart TD
    A["Umgqomo waManzi ongekho kwiGridi okanye iNgxakeko yoGutyulo"] --> B{"Yeyiphi i-Off-Grid System engaphumelelanga?"}
    B -->|"Ungcoliseko lwequla lamanzi emvula (Isilwanyana esifileyo, ivumba, isikhukula)"| C["Vala iValve yeNdawo engundoqo ukuya kwiMibhobho yeNdlu ngokukhawuleza"]
    B -->|"Ukungaphumeleli kwezindlu zangasese zokwenziwa ngumgquba (Ivumba leAnaerobic, ukuthotywa, iimpukane)"| D{"Yintoni i-Composting yangasese yoPhawu?"}
    B -->|"Umbhobho we-Greywater Drain oQinisekisiweyo uqinile eBusika"| E["Misa iSinki yaNgaphakathi / iShower Drain + Tshintshela kwiiBhakethi zokubamba ngaphakathi"]
    C --> F{"Ubuzaza Bongcoliseko Lwequla?"}
    F -->|"Isilwanyana esifileyo, iLindle, okanye iSikhukula esiqhumayo kwiTanki"| G["Pump Phuma Itanki Ngokupheleleyo + Khuhla Iindonga Ngaphandle + I-Shock-Chlorinate kwi-50 ukuya kwi-200 mg/L (ppm)"]
    F -->|"I-Biofilm epholileyo, i-Algae, okanye i-Stale Ivumba kuphela"| H["I-Shock-Chlorinate Full Tank kwi-10 ukuya ku-50 mg/L (ppm) kwiiyure eziyi-12 ukuya kwiiyure ezingama-24 + Imigca yokugungxula"]
    D -->|"Izikhukula zolwelo / i-ammonia kunye nevumba leqanda elibolileyo"| I["Khupha iLeachate eNgakumbiyo + Hlanganisa kwiDry Coir/Sawdust + Clear Vent Pipe Fan/Screen"]
    D -->|"Iimbuzane zoMngundo / Ijoni leeMbungu liQhubuluka"| J["Igquma lokugquma nge-8 cm (3 ngaphakathi) Umhlaba owomileyo weDiatomaceous & Coir + Umgibe weVinegar eshushu"]
    E --> K["Fumana i-Ice Blockage at Outlet/P-Trap + Thaw with Hot Saltice Poultice or Wet-Vac Tube"]

Ngexesha likaxakeka iSigaba soku-1: Ukuhlangula iqula lamanzi emvula angcolisekileyo okanye itanki yokugcina¶

Xa itanki yokugcina amanzi emvula ingcolisekile, kufuneka ukhethe phakathi kwe In-Place Shock Chlorination (xa amanzi ecwengile kwaye engenazidumbu okanye udaka lwezandyondyo, kodwa ene-bacterial coliforms, biofilm odor, or algae) kunye Ukutsalwa okugcweleyo, ukukhuhla, kunye ne-High-Dose i-Disinfection, i-Disinfection, kunye ne-High-Dose isirhubuluzi, isele, okanye amanzi aphezu komhlaba angenile etankini). Ukufumana amandla abanzi angaphandle kwegridi kunye neemeko zongxamiseko zokumpompa kakuhle, jonga iqabane lethu lesikhokelo i-off-grid solar, amanzi, kunye nokusilela kwenkunkuma.

Inyathelo 1: Khusela amanzi okusela ngoko nangoko akhuselekileyo kwisikhongozeli se-20-litre (5-gallon).¶

Phambi kokuba uchithe isiqingatha sosuku ukhupha amanzi okanye wothuse iqula lakho elikhulu, hlapha iilitha ezingama-20 ukuya kwezingama-40 (iilitha ezi-5 ukuya kwezili-10) zamanzi kwiziqulathi zodidi lokutya ezicocekileyo ukuze usapho lwakho lusele ngoku:

• Indlela A: Ukubilisa (uMgangatho weGolide): Hlunga amanzi anamafu ngesihluzo sekofu esicocekileyo, itawuli yephepha, okanye ilaphu lomqhaphu elisongiweyo, uze uwazise abilise ngamandla umzuzu om-1 opheleleyo (okanye imizuzu emi-3 epheleleyo kumphakamo ongaphezulu kwe-2,000 yeemitha / 6,562 iinyawo). Yiyeke iphole kwimbiza egqunyiweyo.
• Indlela B: IBleach yolwelo eNgaxutywanga yasekhaya (EPA / CDC Emergency Disinfection for 20-Liter / 5-Gallon Cans): Ukuba awunawo amafutha okanye amandla okubilisa amanzi, sebenzisa ikhaya elicacileyo, elingaxutywanga ulwelo lwasekhaya lwe-sodium hypochlorite bleach (jonga ileyibhile ye-*5% ukuya kwi-hypochlorite ye-sodium, ungaze usebenzise i-hypochlorite ye-sodium, i-5% ukuya kwi-8.25% ibleach ekhuselekileyo ngombala). Vumela amanzi acociweyo ame ubuncinci imizuzu engama-30 (imizuzu engama-60 ukuba amanzi abandayo ngaphantsi kwe-10°C / 50°F):

Inyathelo 2: Ukuphatha njani isilwanyana esifileyo (impuku, intaka, okanye isele) equleni¶

Ukuba uvula indawo yokuhlola iqula uze ufumane impuku efileyo, unomatse, intaka, inyoka, okanye isele lidada emanzini okanye litshone emazantsi:

1. Nxiba i-nitrile enzima engangeni manzi okanye iiglavu zerabha kunye nokukhusela amehlo. Iimpuku kunye nezidumbu zezilwanyana zasendle ezisemanzini zinokusasaza Leptospirosis (engena ngamanxeba amancinane esikhumbeni sakho okanye ukuchaphaza emehlweni/emlonyeni) kunye neTularemia.
2. Susa isidumbu xa sisonke usebenzisa umnatha wokutyibilikisa emanzini onomqhelwa omde okanye isixhobo sokuxhuzula ngaphandle kwetanki. Faka isidumbu kwingxowa yeplastiki etywinwe kabini.
3. Khupha iqula elingcolisekileyo ngokupheleleyo ukuba kukho isilwanyana esanyisayo okanye esibolayo. Ngelixa abanye abahlali bezindlu ezikude bezama ukothusa-chlorinate itanki epheleleyo eyi-10,000-litre (2,640-gallon) emva kokuloba impuku, ukubola kwezicubu zezilwanyana kukhupha initrogen enzima ephilayo, amafutha, kunye neeproteni ezitya i-chlorhane enetyhefu ngokukhawuleza, i-chlorhatrion* ekhawulezayo ** ii-chloramines **, kwaye zikhusele iintsholongwane zangaphakathi zamathumbu ngaphakathi kwamaqhekeza ezicubu. Sebenzisa impompo yakho yokusebenzela ephantsi kwamanzi okanye ivalve yokuhambisa amanzi amdaka ukumpompa amanzi angcolisekileyo ngaphandle kwemithi engatyiwayo okanye ibrashi ubuncinane yeemitha ezingama-30 (iinyawo ezili-100) ezantsi ukusuka kulo naliphi na iqula okanye igadi.
4. Hlamba kwaye ucoce intlenga esezantsi ngaphandle:
   • Ukusebenza ngokungqongqo ukusuka ngaphandle komngxuma wokuqandusela (ungaze unyukele ngaphakathi), sebenzisa iwasha yoxinzelelo okanye ithumbu legadi kunye nebrashi yomgangatho omde ephathwayo ukukhuhla iindonga zangaphakathi kunye nomgangatho wequla elingenanto.
   • Impompo okanye i-vac emanzi khupha amanzi amdaka okuhlamba kunye nomaleko wentlenga ongezantsi de umgangatho wetanki ubhaqwe.

INyathelo 3: Echanekileyo EPA / WHO Shock-Chlorination Dosage Table for Amaqula amakhulu¶

Emva kokuba iqula lakho lizaliswe kwakhona ngamanzi acocekileyo (okanye ukuba wothuse iqula eligcweleyo lokubulala iintsholongwane ze-coliform, i-algae, kunye ne-plumbing biofilm), kufuneka unyuse i-chlorine yoxinaniso yasimahla kwitanki yonke kunye nemibhobho engaphakathi, uyibambe kangange-12 ukuya kwiiyure ezingama-24*, kwaye emva koko ugungxule okanye ukhuphe i-chlorine phambi kokusela.

• Yeyiphi i-chlorine ekujoliswe kuyo (ppm okanye mg/L) ofanele uyisebenzise?
  • 50 mg/L (50 ppm) Iklorini yaSimahla (EPA / CDC / Texas TWDB Umothuko oMgangatho weTWDB): Isetyenziselwa ucoceko lonyaka lwamatanki, uvavanyo lwelebhu ye-coliform, okanye emva kokukhuhla itanki ekhutshiweyo. Bamba ixesha elingange12 ukuya kwiiyure ezingama-24*, emva koko ukhuphe/ugungxule amanzi aneklorinthiwe ngaphandle ngemibhobho yendlu (kwindlela yegrabile okanye kude neseptic/imijelo) phambi kokuba uphinde uwagcwalise ngamanzi okusela amatsha.
  • 200 mg/L (200 ppm) Wall-Scrub Solution (WHO / CDC High-Strength Surface Disinfection): If water is scarce in an arid climate and you cannot afford to fill and dump an entire 10,000-liter tank with 50 ppm water, mix a smaller batch (such as 100 liters / 25 gallons) at 200 ppm (roughly 1 cup / 250 mL of 8.25% bleach per 100 liters / 25 gallons of water), brush or spray every square centimeter of the empty cistern walls and roof with the 200 ppm solution using a long-handled brush or garden sprayer, let it sit wet for at least 30 to 60 minutes, pump out the puddle at the bottom, and then refill with potable water treated to a safe 2 to 5 ppm drinking residual.

Cistern Chlorination Dosing Table (Using Unscented 6% to 8.25% Household Bleach)¶

Step 4: How to shock the indoor pipes and protect your UV / Carbon filters and septic tank¶

When you shock-chlorinate a cistern at 50 ppm, follow these four rules so you do not destroy your filtration equipment or septic system:

1. Remove all Activated Carbon and Reverse Osmosis (RO) filter cartridges BEFORE running 50 ppm chlorinated water through the house:
   • Keep the empty filter housings screwed back on so the housing sumps themselves get sanitized, but take the carbon block and RO membrane cartridges out first. High-concentration 50 ppm bleach destroys RO membranes permanently and exhausts the adsorption capacity of an activated carbon filter in minutes. (Replace them with brand-new sediment and carbon cartridges after you flush the chlorinated water out).
   • Clean the quartz sleeve of your Ultraviolet (UV) Disinfection Lamp with a soft cloth and vinegar/alcohol to remove mineral scale so UV light can penetrate at full \(40\text{ mJ/cm}^2\) intensity once service resumes.
2. Pull the chlorinated water into every indoor hot and cold pipe:
   • Turn on your water pump and open every single hot and cold faucet, shower head, washing machine supply valve, and toilet flush valve in the cabin one by one until you smell a strong bleach odor coming out of every tap.
   • Turn the faucets off and let the 50 ppm chlorinated water sit inside the cistern, pressure tank, water heater, and house pipes for 12 to 24 hours.
3. Never drain 50 ppm shock-chlorinated cistern water into a septic tank or composting greywater reed bed:
   • Pumping thousands of liters of 50 ppm bleach water down your indoor sinks into a septic tank or biological greywater wetland will kill the anaerobic/aerobic bacteria in your septic system and cause hydraulic failure. Instead, attach a garden hose to your pressure tank drain bib or an outdoor spigot and discharge the chlorinated water onto a gravel driveway or dry ground far away from streams, wells, and septic leach fields.

Emergency Part 2: Troubleshooting and rescuing a failed composting toilet¶

Off-grid cabins, tiny homes, sailboats, and vans rely heavily on either self-contained mouldering composting toilets (such as Nature's Head, Airhead, Sun-Mar, BioLet, or Separett urine-diverting toilets) or simple 20-liter (5-gallon) sawdust bucket systems discharging to an outdoor thermophilic compost bin. When the biological balance of Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen, and Moisture breaks down, the toilet rapidly turns into an indoor sanitation crisis.

Composting Toilet Emergency Diagnostic and Rescue Matrix¶

Emergency Part 3: Thawing a frozen off-grid greywater drain pipe¶

In off-grid cabins, tiny homes, and yurts built on piers or skids without a heated basement, the 38 mm or 50 mm (1.5-inch or 2-inch) greywater drain line carrying kitchen sink and shower water out to a mulch basin or greywater seepage pit is frequently the first pipe to freeze during a polar vortex.

Why greywater drain pipes freeze even though they are "supposed to drain empty"¶

Unlike pressurized supply pipes that stay full of water 24/7, a drain pipe is supposed to empty by gravity. However, off-grid greywater drains freeze solid in three specific spots:

1. I-P-Trap yangaphakathi/yoMgangatho oPhantsi koMgangatho: I-P-trap eqhelekileyo ibamba isitywini samanzi esisisigxina esingama-50 ukuya kwi-100 mm (ii-intshi ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-4) ukuvala umjelo ophantsi komhlaba ohambisa amanzi amdaka/ukukhupha iigesi. Ukuba umgangatho wekhabhinethi awufakwanga okanye i-P-trap ijinga kwindawo ebandayo ye-crawlspace phantsi kwendlu encinci okanye i-camper, loo manzi amileyo angumkhenkce kwiplagi yomkhenkce eqinileyo ngobusuku.
2. I-"Belly" (Sag) okanye iSlope esingonelanga kuMbhobho: Ukuba ithumbu elibhetyebhetye okanye umbhobho wePVC uyagxagxamisa phakathi kwezinto ezixhasayo, okanye ungaphantsi kwesinyanzelo 2 ekhulwini kwithambeka (2 cm ukuhla ngemitha nganye, okanye i-¼ intshi yokuhla ngenyawo nganye), amathontsi athambileyo amanzi ashushu apholise kwaye umbhobho umkhenkce uvale uvale ngokupheleleyo "
3. IsiKhuseli seSibane seMini saNgaphandle / iSikhuseli seSigqubuthelo seMulch: Ukukhukuliseka kwekhephu okanye ukwakhiwa komkhenkce kwindawo yokukhuphela ngaphandle kumbhobho ophuma umbhobho, uxhasa umkhenkce ngokuqhubekayo unyusa umbhobho ukuya ekhabhathini.

Inyathelo ngenyathelo lomthetho lomthetho lokunyibilikisa umbhobho wamanzi amdaka angumkhenkce ngokukhuselekileyo¶

1. Yeka ukugalela amanzi esinkini okanye kwishawari ngoko nangoko kwaye ubeke iemele yokubambisa phantsi komgibe we-P. Phambi kokuba uvule nayiphi na iplagi yokucoca okanye i-P-trap union, beka i-emele ye-20-litre (5-gallon) kunye neetawuli ezindala ngaphantsi kwe-sink trap, kuba umbhobho omileyo othe nkqo phezu kweplagi yomkhenkce uzele ngamanzi amdaka avulwe kumgangatho wakho.
2. Jonga indawo yokukhupha yangaphandle kuqala (ama-50 eepesenti yomkhenkce aqala xa uphuma):
   • Hamba ngaphandle uye apho umbhobho wamanzi amdaka uphumela kwisitya sakho sokufuma, umsele wegrabile, okanye idome yokungena.
   • Hlakulela nasiphi na isingxobo sekhephu esigqume indawo yokuphuma, cofa nayiphi na i-ice cone evale isiphelo sombhobho, kwaye ugalele iketileyamanzi abilayo axutywe nama-250 grams (ikomityi enye) yetyuwa yelitye okanye ityuwa yetafile kwindawo yokuphuma ukuba iyafikeleleka.
3. Thaba i-P-trap engaphantsi kwe-sinki okanye kwi-crawlspace ngaphandle kokukrazula i-PVC:
   • ** Ungaze usebenzise i-propane blowtorch evulekileyo ** kwiPVC okanye i-ABS yeplastiki yombhobho (inyibilikisa iplastiki kwaye ivuthise i-cabin framing), kwaye ** ungaze ugalele i-lye yorhwebo (i-sodium hydroxide) yokuvula idreyini kumbhobho onomkhenkce **, ngenxa yokuba i-lye ayiyi kunqumla ukuvaleka komkhenkce omde kwaye iya kushiya ikholamu yokumfamekisa, i-caustic ikhuphe ikhemikhali ehleli ebusweni bakho ukukhupha umbhobho.
   • Endaweni yoko, bhinqa i-P-trap enomkhenkce kunye nombhobho oveziweyo kwiitawuli zokuhlambela kwaye ngokuthe chu ugalele iiketile zamanzi ashushu (angabi ngamandla abilileyo) phezu kweetawuli, okanye ujongise kwi-1,500W isomisi enwele okanye umpu wobushushu kwi-Low (uyishukumisa ngokuqhubekayo ukuze iplastiki ingagqithe kwi-60°C / 140° plug ye-icede yokuva i-icede F.
4. Sebenzisa indlela "yeThubhu encinci yeSiphon + neHot Brine" ukukhenkceza ngaphakathi kumbhobho ongcwatywe okanye ophumela eludongeni:
   • Ukuba ukuvaleka komkhenkce ziziimitha ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-4 (iinyawo ezi-6 ukuya kwezi-13) ezantsi kombhobho ongaphakathi eludongeni okanye kwindawo yokukhasa apho ungenako ukufikelela ngaphandle kombhobho:
     1. Khupha i-P-trap engaphantsi kwe-sinki okanye uvule i-Y-fitting yokucoca.
     2. Yondla into eqinileyo 6 mm ukuya kwi-10 mm (i-¼-intshi ukuya kwi-⅜-intshi) eguquguqukayo i-polyethylene okanye i-vinyl ityhubhu phantsi ngaphakathi kumbhobho wokukhupha amanzi de ibetheke kubuso beplagi yomkhenkce.
     3. Qhoboshela ifaneli kwityhubhu yakho encinci kwaye ugalele amanzi ashushu anetyuwa (amanzi abilayo apholise kancinci ukuya -75°C / 165°F axutywe nobuninzi betyuwa yetafile enyityilisiweyo) phantsi kombhobho omncinci. Iijethi zebrine ezishushu zijongene ngqo nobuso bedama lomkhenkce ngelixa amanzi abandayo anyibilikisiweyo equkuqela ngasemva ephuma kumbhobho ongundoqo ukuya kwi-emele yakho yokubambisa ngaphantsi.
     4. Qhubeka utyhalela phambili ityhubhu encinci ngesentimitha ngesentimitha njengoko umkhenkce unyibilika de kuqhawuke umqobo kwaye ukhawuleze uhle emgceni.
5. Nqanda Ukuphinda uMkhenkce ngobubusuku ("Ibhakethi elomileyo kunye noLungiso lweTrap engenaManzi"):
   • Nje ukuba umbhobho unyibilike ngexesha lomkhenkce ongaphantsi kweentsuku ezininzi, ungaze uvumele ithontsi elicothayo lamanzi lihle ngomjelo. Ngalo lonke ixesha qokelela amanzi okuhlamba kwisitya esikwisinki kwaye ulahle lonke 4 ukuya kwisi-8 seelitha (iilitha ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-2) zamanzi ashushu onke ngaxeshanye kwisantya esinye esikhawulezileyo ukuze ikhuphe yonke indlela ukuphuma kumbhobho phambi kokupholisa.
   • Ukuba i-P-trap yakho ephantsi komgangatho iba ngumkhenkce ngobusuku ngabunye, mhlawumbi galela 120 mL (½ indebe) ye-Pink RV / Marine Propylene Glycol Antifreeze (okanye iwasha yomoya wewasha ulwelo / utywala obuhlikihlwayo; ungaze ube yityhefu yemoto i-ethylene glycol ukuba ikhuphela emhlabeni phambi kwebhedi, gcina amanzi e-silicone ekunene itrap (efana nevalve ye-HepvO)**, evala amavumba kunye neidrafti zomoya obandayo zisebenzisa umkhono we-elastomeric ozivalayo obambe iqanda elimileyo lamanzi ukuze libe ngumkhenkce.

Imibuzo edla ngokubuzwa¶

Ndingasebenzisa iipilisi zeklorine echibini lokuqubha (i-Trichlor) okanye i-pool shock (iCalcium Hypochlorite) ukuze ndibulale iintsholongwane kwitanki yam yamanzi okusela?¶

Kufuneka ulumkele kakhulu imichiza yedama lokuqubha. **Ungaze usebenzise iipilisi zeklorini zechibi lokuqubha (i-Trichloroisocyanuric acid okanye i-Sodium Dichloro-s-triazinetriurate) okanye umothuko we-pool one-algicides, clarfiers, okanye i-cyanuric acid** kwiqula lamanzi okusela, njengoko ezo zongezo ziyityhefu ukusela. Nangona kunjalo, ** i-granular ecocekileyo ye-Calcium Hypochlorite (HTH, ngokuqhelekileyo i-65% ukuya kwi-73% ye-chlorine ekhoyo kunye ne-zero algicides okanye i-cyanuric acid)** ivunywe ngokubanzi yi-WHO, i-CDC, kunye ne-EPA yokutshatyalaliswa kwamanzi okusela. Ukwenza isisombululo seklorin yesitokhwe esilingana nebleach yasendlini ukusuka kwigranular 68% yeCalcium Hypochlorite, nyibilikisa **1 icephe lemfumba (ngokumalunga ne-5 ukuya kwi-7 grams)** yegranular calcium hypochlorite ibe **8 iilitha (2 iigaloni zase-US)** zamanzi ukwenza i-500 mg/L ye-stock solution, kwaye emva koko xuba i-0 yesisombululo sesitokhwe se-0 yesisombululo se-0 ye-0 yesisombululo se-0 sengxenye yamanzi e-1 pp. ukubulala iintsholongwane (okanye ukonyusa ngokulinganayo kwi-50 ppm itanki eyothusayo).

Ndingayisusa njani incasa eyomeleleyo yeblitshi kunye nevumba kumanzi equla ukuba kufuneka ndiwasele ngexesha likaxakeka?¶

Ukuba ubunokucoca i-chlorine yakho yangasese okanye iilitha ezingama-20 (iilitha ezi-5) zamanzi ngo-5 ukuya kwi-10 ppm ukuze ukhuseleke kwaye ufuna ukusela amanzi ngoku, unokususa i-chlorine yasimahla egqithisileyo ngeendlela ezintathu: **(1) I-Aeration kunye nokukhanya kwelanga:** Galela amanzi ngapha nangapha phakathi kwezikhongozeli ezibini ezicocekileyo izihlandlo ezininzi kwaye uyiyeke ihlale kwi-avareji yomoya iiyure ezimbalwa; **(2) Iingqayi zeCarbon eziVunyiweyo:** Galela amanzi akloriniweyo ngesihluzo sekhabhoni esenziwe sasebenza sasekhaya (esifana neBrita okanye ingqayi yeZeroWater), esihluza iklorin esimahla xa idibana; okanye **(3) I-Vitamin C (i-Ascorbic Acid) I-Neutralization:** Ivunywe yi-US EPA kunye ne-USDA yeNkonzo yeHlathi, ivuselela i-pinch encinci (** malunga ne-40 ukuya kwi-50 milligrams ** ye-ascorbic Acid ecocekileyo / i-Vitamin C ngelitha yamanzi) iyancipha i-chlorine yamahhala kwi-chloride engenabungozi, i-second 60 engenabungozi. (Yongeza kuphela iVithamin C *emva kokuba* iklorini sele ihleli ixesha layo lokubulala i-pathogen eyi-30 ukuya kwimizuzu engama-60).

Ngaba kukhuselekile ukuhlamba okanye ukuhlamba izitya ngamanzi angcolileyo xa ndivala umlomo wam?¶

Ukuba iqula lakho liye langcoliswa zimpuku ezifileyo, ilulwane, okanye ukubaleka kwamanzi, **musa ukuhlambela okanye uhlambe izitya ngamanzi angacocwanga** phambi kokuba wothuse itanki. Iintloko zeshawari zenza amanzi abe ngamathontsi enkungu angena emehlweni akho, impumlo, kunye nemiphunga, kwaye iibhaktheriya ze-*Leptospira* eziphuma kumchamo wempuku zinokungena ngokuthe ngqo kwimifinya engaguqukiyo (amehlo, impumlo, umlomo) okanye ukucheba okuncinci kokusikeka kwe-nick/i-hangnail esikhumbeni sakho. Hlamba izitya kwaye uthathe iibhafu zesipontshi kuphela ngamanzi abilisiwe okanye afakwe iklorini ngokufanelekileyo de umjikelo we-tank shock-chlorination uphelele.

Kufuneka ixesha elingakanani inkunkuma yomntu esuka kwindlu yangasese eyenza umgquba ngaphandle kwegrid inyangwe kumgqomo ongaphandle phambi kokuba ikhuseleke ukusetyenziswa ngasemithini?¶

Igumbi elingaphakathi kwindlu yangasese yokugquma yangaphakathi (njengeNtloko yeNdalo okanye iLanga-Mar) lincinci kakhulu ukufikelela kubushushu bokwenyani be-thermophilic ($ 55 ^\circ\text{C}$ ukuya ku-$65^\circ\text{C}$ / $131^\circ\text{F}$ to $149^}circly , which is rapidity rounded{F}$ . amaqanda (*Ascaris lumbricoides*). Ngokutsho **World Health Organization (WHO)** and **EPA / state health guidelines**, ngaphandle kokuba ugcina insulated outdoor thermophilic compost imfumba ingqinwe yi-thermometer ye-compost ene-stem ende ngaphezulu kwe-*$55^\circ\text{C}$ ($131^\circ\text{F}$) ubuncinane 131 ^\circ\text{F}$) ubuncinane 15 ^ rc*intsuku ezi-5 ezilandelelanayo*\c* $0 ngokulandelelanayo\rx $0 iiveki), i-ambient mesophilic humanure kufuneka ibe mdala/inyangelwe kumgqomo ogqunyiweyo, ongangenwa ziimpuku kangangeenyanga **ubuncinci ezili-12 ukuya kwezingama-24 ezigcweleyo** emva kokudibanisa okokugqibela phambi kokuba igalelwe ngokukodwa kwimithi yokuhombisa engatyiwayo kunye namatyholo (ungaze usetyenziswe kwizityalo ezingcanjini okanye imifuno engamagqabi ityiwe ikrwada).

Imithombo ijongiwe¶

• UMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi (i-WHO): *Amanqaku oBuchule kuManzi okuSela, uGutyulo kunye noCoceko kwiiNgxaki eziNgxamisekileyo: Ukucoca kunye nokubulala iintsholongwane kwiiTanki zokuGcinwa kwaManzi kunye neeTanker (iNqaku loBugcisa elinguNombolo 3) kunye neziKhokelo zokuSetyenziswa ngokuKhuselekileyo kwamanzi amdaka, i-Excreta kunye neGreywater (Volume 4) * (International).
• I-Arhente yoKhuseleko lweNdalo yase-United States (i-EPA): I-Disinfection ye-Emergency Disinfection yaManzi okuSela (EPA 816-F-15-003) kunye neNkqubo ye-Septic kunye ne-Cistern Shock-Chlorination Guidance (eUnited States).
• Amaziko oLawulo lweSifo kunye noThintelo (CDC): *Amanzi, uGutyulo, kunye noCoceko oluNxulumene nokusiNgqongileyo: Ukudala kunye nokugcinwa kweSibonelelo saManzi aNgxamisekileyo kunye nokuDibanisa iintsholongwane zokuvunwa kwamanzi emvula * (eUnited States).
• IBhodi yoPhuhliso lwaManzi e-Texas (TWDB): I-Texas Manual ngoVuno lwaManzi eMvula, uHlelo lwesi-3: uMgangatho waManzi, ukuPhambuka kokuQala, kunye nokubalwa koGutyulo loGutyulo (eUnited States).
• Umbutho woLungiselelo lweNtlekele kwiNgingqi (RDPO) kunye neMpilo yoLuntu eSeattle/kwiKing County: IProtokholi yeTwin-Bucket Emergency yoGutyulo lweNdawo yangasese yeNtlekele kunye nokuFanelwa kweziSeko zoMmandla (eUnited States).

Izikhokelo ezinxulumeneyo¶

• Ngaphandle kwegrid solar, amanzi, kunye nokusilela kwenkunkuma
• Ubomi be-van kunye neendawo zokuhlala eziphuthumayo
• Ucoceko olukhuselekileyo, impahla, iishawa, kunye nokhathalelo lwamazinyo ngelixa ungekho ndlwini
• Unhoused survival and extreme weather triage
• Uluhlu lweenombolo zexesha likaxakeka