Enkola y’okufuula obucaafu n’obuyonjo mu kiyumba ky’amazzi g’enkuba ekitali ku mudumu¶

Okubeera mu kabina etali ya mudumu, ekifo eky’omu byalo, ennyumba entonotono, oba enkambi ey’ewala kikufuula ekyuma kyo ekya munisipaali ekirongoosa amazzi n’ekyuma kyo eky’amazzi amakyafu. Ekiwuka ekifudde, ekinyonyi oba ekikere bwe kinaaba ne kiyita ku ssirini y’akasolya eyamenyese ne kiyingira mu kidiba kyo eky’okukungula amazzi g’enkuba, amazzi agakulukuta bwe gayingira mu ttanka y’amazzi eya seminti wansi w’ettaka, oba kaabuyonjo ekola nnakavundira bw’efuuka ekifo ekijjudde amazzi, ekiwunya obubi ekitaliimu mukka ate nga payipu yo ey’amazzi enzirugavu efuumuuka mangu mu makkati g’obudde obw’obutiti, okulemererwa amangu ago atiisatiisa amaka go obulwadde obw’amaanyi obuva ku mazzi n’okutereka amazzi amakyafu mu nsengeka.

Okwawukanako n’amazzi ga ttaapu za munisipaali ezirongooseddwa agatambuza ekiziyiza kya chlorine ekisigaddewo okutuukira ddala ku ttaapu yo ey’omu ffumbiro, amazzi g’enkuba amabisi agakungula n’ebiyumba ebitalondoolebwa tebirina ddagala eritta obuwuka erisigaddewo oluvannyuma lw’okutereka mu nzikiza. Obuwuka obuleeta endwadde mu musulo okuva mu binyonyi ebibeera ku kasolya, enkwale, enseenene, n’ebiwuka, omuli Salmonella, Campylobacter, enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (O157:H7), Giardia lamblia, Cryptosporidium, ne Leptospira, bweyongera oba busigala mu cistern sediment bio-slime era kiyinza okuvaako okuggwaamu amazzi mu mubiri ekiyinza okutta omuntu oba obulwadde bwa hemolytic uremic syndrome. Ekitabo kino kiwa okubala okutuufu okw’ekitongole ky’ebyobulamu mu nsi yonna (WHO), U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), n’ekitongole kya U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) eky’okussaamu chock-chlorinating mu kidiba ekirimu obucaafu, enkola ez’amangu ez’okufumba n’okutta obuwuka ku mazzi ag’okunywa amangu, okugonjoola ebizibu muddaala ku mutendera okununula nnakavundira eyabbira mu mazzi oba erimu ebiwuka kaabuyonjo, n’engeri ezitali za bulabe ez’okusaanuusa layini y’amazzi enzirugavu agatali ga mudumu.

Kino kikole kati¶

1. Noonya obujjanjabi obw’amangu singa omuntu yenna afuna ekiddukano ekiva mu musaayi, omusujja omungi, jaundice, oba okuggwaamu amazzi mu mubiri. Singa omwana, omuntu omukulu, oba omuntu w’awaka alaga obubonero bw’obulwadde obw’amaanyi obuva mu mazzi oba okuggwaamu amazzi amangi (okuziyira ng’oyimiridde, amaaso okubbira, okutabulwa, oba obutafulumya musulo okumala essaawa 8+), kuba ku nnamba y’amangu mu kitundu kyo (911 mu Amerika ne Canada, . 112 okwetoloola omukago gwa Bulaaya, . 999 mu Bungereza) nga bakozesa yaffe ennamba z’amangu directory, era otandike oral rehydration solution amangu ddala.
2. Ggala vvaalu enkulu efuluma okuva mu kidiba ekirimu obucaafu okutuuka mu payipu z’ennyumba yo amangu ddala. Bw’owunya akawoowo akabi ku ttaapu, olaba amazzi agafuuse ebire oba agakyuse langi, oba okuzuula ekisolo ekifu oba amazzi g’amataba agayingira munda mu kidiba kyo, ggalawo vvaalu y’omupiira enkulu wakati wa ttanka y’ekidiba ne ppampu yo eya puleesa eya 12V/120V. Wanika ekiwandiiko ekigumu "DO NOT DRINK OR BRUSH TEETH" ekipande ku buli ttaapu ey’omunda kale nga tewali akozesa mazzi nga payipu tezinnaba kufukibwa.
3. Fumba amazzi gonna ag’amangu ag’okunywa n’okufumba waakiri eddakiika emu enzijuvu (oba eddakiika 3 waggulu wa mita 2,000 / ffuuti 6,562). Tosigama ku matondo ga bleach gokka singa ekinyonyi oba ekisolo ekiyonka kyasangibwa mu ttanka, kubanga ebirungo bya bleach ebya bulijjo te bitta Cryptosporidium oocysts mu ngeri eyesigika. Okufuula amazzi okubuguma okumala sekondi 60 (sekondi 180 ku buwanvu) kitta obuwuka, akawuka, n’ebizimba ebiyitibwa protozoan cysts ebitundu 100 ku 100.
4. Tolinnyanga munda mu kidiba ky’amazzi oba ttanka y’amazzi amakyafu enzigale okugiyonja. Ebiyumba ebiri wansi w’ettaka oba waggulu w’ettaka ebitaliimu kintu kyonna ne ttanka za kasasiro bikola nga ebifo ebizibiddwa ebitta. Omusulo gw’ebiramu oguvunda gunywa okisigyeni era ne gukola ggaasi wa kaboni dayokisayidi ne haidrojeni salufaayidi (\(H_2S\)) atalina kawoowo; okuyingira mu kidiba nga tolina ggiya ya mpewo ewereddwa n’akaguwa akayamba okutaasa abantu mu bifo ebisatu kireeta okuzirika mu sikonda ntono. Bulijjo oyoza, fuumuula n’okusiimuula ekidiba okuva ebweru ng’okozesa ebikondo ebiwanvuya emikono emiwanvu ne ppampu ya kasasiro enywera mu mazzi.
5. Kyumya akasolya downspout ("First-Flush" oba gutter diverter) nga enkuba eddako tennatonnya. Ggyako oba swing away downspout intake pipe eriisa cistern yo olwo ebisasiro ebirala eby'akasolya, evvu, oba omusulo gw'ebisolo bireme kunaaba mu ttanka ng'ogiyonja.
6. Singa kaabuyonjo yo ekola nnakavundira ebooga mu slurry anaerobic, lekera awo okussaamu amazzi amangu ago oteekemu dry carbon bulking agent. Toyiwako bleach, septic chemicals, oba pine cleaner mu active biological composting toilet drum, kuba eddagala litta obuwuka obukola thermophilic/mesophilic aerobic bacteria ne bukuleka n’amazzi amakyafu ag’eddagala ery’obutwa. Sekula amazzi agasukkiridde okuva mu vvaalu eya wansi mu jerrycan essiddwako ssimu otabule mu peat moss enkalu, coconut coir, oba sawdust eyakaze mu kyokero okuzzaawo ensawo z’empewo.

flowchart TD
    A["Ekidiba ky’amazzi ekitali ku mudumu oba Sanitation Emergency"] --> B{"Enkola Ki Eri Off-Grid Eremereddwa?"}
    B -->|"Obujama bw’ekidiba ky’amazzi g’enkuba (Ekisolo ekifudde, Okuwunya, Amataba) ."| C["Ggalawo Main Cistern Valve ku House Plumbing Amangu ddala"]
    B -->|"Okulemererwa kwa kaabuyonjo okukola nnakavundira (Anaerobic Smell, Slurry, Flies) ."| D{"Akabonero Ka Kaabuyonjo Okukola Ebigimusa Buba Ki?"}
    B -->|"Greywater Drain Pipe Ekikalu ekizimbiddwa mu kiseera ky’obutiti"| E["Yimirira okufulumya amazzi mu Sink/Shower munda + Kyusa ku Buckets z'okukwata munda"]
    C --> F{"Obuzibu bw’Obucaafu mu Cistern?"}
    F -->|"Ebisolo Ebifudde, Omusulo oba Amataba agakulukuta mu Ttanka"| G["Pampu Out Tank Ddala + Scrub Ebisenge Ebweru + Shock-Chlorinate ku 50 ku 200 mg/L (ppm)"]
    F -->|"Biofilm Ennyangu, Algae, oba Stale Odor Yokka"| H["Shock-Chlorinate Full Tank ku 10 ku 50 mg/L (ppm) okumala Essaawa 12 ku 24 + Flush Lines"]
    D -->|"Amazzi Amataba / Ammonia & Okuvunda-amagi Okuwunya"| I["Fulumya Leachate Esukkiridde + Tabula Mu Dry Coir/Sawdust + Clear Vent Pipe Fan/Screen"]
    D -->|"Fungus Gnats / Enkwaso z'enseenene z'omuserikale Okubalukawo"| J["Bikka Entuumu ne sentimita 8 (3 in) Ensi Enkalu eya Diatomaceous & Coir + Omutego gwa Vinegar Ayokya"]
    E --> K["Funa Ice Blockage ku Outlet/P-Trap + Thaw nga okozesa Hot Saltwater Poultice oba Wet-Vac Tube"]

Ekitundu eky’amangu 1: Okununula ekidiba ky’amazzi g’enkuba oba ttanka y’okutereka amazzi amakyafu¶

Ekidiba ekikung’aanya amazzi g’enkuba oba ttanka y’okutereka amazzi agasimbuddwa bw’efuuka encaafu, olina okulonda wakati wa In-Place Shock Chlorination (nga amazzi mayonjo era nga tegaliimu mirambo oba ebitoomi by’amataba, naye nga galina bacterial coliforms, biofilm odor, oba algae) ne Full Drain, Scrub, ne High-Dose Disinfection (ekikakatako buli kiseera nga a ebiwuka ebifudde, ekinyonyi, enkwale, ebisolo ebikulukusiza, ekikere, oba amazzi g’amataba ag’okungulu gayingidde mu ttanka). Ku masannyalaze agagazi agatali ku mudumu n’embeera ez’amangu ezikozesa ppampu ennungi, laba ekitabo kyaffe ekikwata ku mubeezi ku okulemererwa kw’amasannyalaze g’enjuba, amazzi, ne kasasiro ezitali ku mudumu.

Omutendera 1: Teeka amazzi amayonjo ag’amangu ag’okunywa mu kibya kya liita 20 (ggaloni 5).¶

Nga tonnamala kitundu kya lunaku ng’ofulumya amazzi oba okukankanya ekidiba kyo ekinene, ssaako liita 20 ku 40 (ggaloni 5 ku 10) ez’amazzi mu bibya ebiyonjo ebirimu emmere amaka go ganywe mu kiseera kino:

• Enkola A: Rolling Boil (Gold Standard): Sekula amazzi agalimu ebire ng’oyita mu ssefuliya ya kaawa ennyonjo, akatambaala k’empapula, oba olugoye lwa ppamba oluzingiddwa, olwo galeete ku fumbiro ery’amaanyi eriyiringisibwa okumala eddakiika 1 enzijuvu (oba eddakiika 3 enzijuvu ku buwanvu obusukka mita 2,000 / ffuuti 6,562). Leka enyogoze mu kiyungu ekibikkiddwa.
• Enkola B: Ekyuma ekirongoosa amazzi ekitaliimu kawoowo mu maka (EPA / CDC Emergency Disinfection for 20-Liter / 5-Gallon Cans): Bw’oba tolina mafuta oba maanyi ga kufumba mazzi, kozesa ekirungo kya sodium hypochlorite eky’amazzi eky’awaka ekitali kiwunya (kebera ku lupapula oba 5% ku 8.25% sodium hypochlorite; tokozesangako bleach ewunya, "esplashless," oba bleach etali ya langi). Amazzi agalongooseddwa gayimirire okumala waakiri eddakiika 30 (eddakiika 60 singa amazzi gaba gannyogoga wansi wa 10°C / 50°F):

Omutendera 2: Engeri y’okukwatamu ekisolo ekifudde (envunza, ekinyonyi oba ekikere) mu kidiba¶

Singa oggulawo ekikuta ky’okukebera ekidiba n’osanga ekibe, enseenene, ekinyonyi, omusota oba ekikere ekifudde nga kitengejja mu mazzi oba nga kibbira wansi:

1. Yyambala ggalavu enzito ezitayingiramu mazzi eziyitibwa nitrile oba rubber gloves n’okukuuma amaaso. Emirambo gy’ebiwuka n’ebisolo by’omu nsiko mu mazzi gisobola okusiiga Leptospirosis (eyingira ng’eyita mu butundutundu obutonotono mu lususu lwo oba okumansira mu maaso go/akamwa) ne Tularemia.
2. Ggyawo omulambo nga tegufudde ng’okozesa akatimba akayitibwa pool skimmer net oba ekintu ekikwata emikono emiwanvu okuva ebweru wa ttanka. Teeka omulambo mu kaveera akasibiddwa emirundi ebiri.
3. Fukirira ddala amazzi mu kidiba ekirimu obucaafu singa wabaawo ekisolo ekiyonka oba ekivunda. Wadde ng’abamu ku balunzi b’awaka ab’ewala bagezaako okussa ekyuma ekikuba chlorine mu ttanka enzijuvu eya liita 10,000 (ggaloni 2,640) oluvannyuma lw’okuvuba ekibe, ebitundu by’ebisolo ebivunda bifulumya nayitrojeni omuzito ow’obutonde, amasavu, ne puloteyina ezikozesa chlorine ow’obwereere mu bwangu, zikola obutwa trihalomethanes (THMs) ne chloramines, era zikuuma obuwuka obuleeta endwadde ez’omunda mu byenda munda mu bitundutundu by’ebitundu by’omubiri. Kozesa ppampu yo eya utility pump oba gravity bottom drain valve okupampagira amazzi amakyafu okufuluma ku miti egitaliibwa oba okusiimuula waakiri mita 30 (fuuti 100) wansi okuva ku luzzi oba olusuku lwonna.
4. Naaba wansi era ofuumuule omusulo gw’ensenke wansi ebweru:
   • Nga okola nnyo okuva ebweru w’ekisenge ky’ekinnya (tolinnyangako munda), kozesa pressure washer oba garden hose ne long-handled stiff deck brush okusiimuula ebisenge eby’omunda ne wansi w’ekidiba ekyerere.
   • Pampu oba wet-vac out amazzi amakyafu ag’okunaaba n’oluwuzi lw’ensenke wansi okutuusa nga wansi wa ttanka guba bwereere.

Omutendera 3: Omulongooti omutuufu ogwa EPA / WHO Shock-Chlorination Dosage Table ku Cisterns Ennene¶

Ekidiba kyo bwe kimala okuddamu okujjula amazzi amayonjo (oba bw’oba okanga ekidiba ekijjudde okutta obuwuka obuyitibwa coliform bacteria, algae, ne plumbing biofilm), olina okulinnyisa obungi bwa chlorine obw’obwereere mu ttanka yonna ne payipu ez’omunda, ogikwata okumala essaawa 12 ku 24, n’oluvannyuma n’ofuumuula oba okuggyamu chlorine nga tonnanywa.

• Kiroine kigendererwa ki (ppm oba mg/L) ky’osaanidde okukozesa?
  • 50 mg/L (50 ppm) Free Chlorine (EPA / CDC / Texas TWDB Standard Shock): Ekozesebwa mu kuyonja ekidiba buli mwaka, okukeberebwa mu laabu ya total coliform, oba oluvannyuma lw’okusiimuula ttanka evuddemu amazzi. Kwata okumala essaawa 12 ku 24, olwo amazzi agafukiddwamu chlorin ogafulumye/ofulumye ng’oyita mu payipu z’ennyumba (ku kkubo eriyingira mu nnyumba erya gravel oba ewala okuva ku septic/streams) nga tonnaddamu kujjuza mazzi mayonjo ag’okunywa.
  • 200 mg/L (200 ppm) Wall-Scrub Solution (WHO / CDC High-Strength Surface Disinfection): Singa amazzi gaba matono mu mbeera enkalu era nga tosobola kujjuza n’okusuula ttanka yonna eya liita 10,000 n’amazzi 50 ppm, tabula ekitundu ekitono (nga 100 liters / 25 gallons) ku 200 ppm (nga ekikopo 1 / 250 mL ya 8.25% bleach buli liita 100 / ggaloni 25 ez’amazzi), bbulawuzi oba fuuyira buli square centimeter y’ebisenge by’ekidiba ekyerere n’akasolya n’omusulo gwa 200 ppm ng’okozesa bbulawuzi ey’emikono emiwanvu oba ekyuma ekifuuyira mu lusuku, kireke kituule nga nnyogovu okumala ** waakiri 30 ku 60 eddakiika**, ppampu ekiziba wansi, n’oluvannyuma oddemu okujjuza amazzi ag’okunywa agalongooseddwa okutuuka ku 2 ku 5 ppm ekisigadde eky’okunywa ekitali kya bulabe.

Cistern Chlorination Dosing Table (Okukozesa eddagala eritali lya kawoowo 6% okutuuka ku 8.25% erya Bleach mu maka)¶

Omutendera 4: Engeri y’okukubamu payipu z’omunda n’okukuuma ebisengejja byo ebya UV / Carbon ne ttanka y’amazzi amakyafu¶

Bw’ossa shock-chlorinate mu cistern ku 50 ppm, goberera amateeka gano ana oleme kusaanyaawo byuma byo eby’okusengejja oba enkola yo ey’okufulumya amazzi:

1. Ggyawo ebisengejja byonna ebya Activated Carbon ne Reverse Osmosis (RO) nga TONNNA kuyisa mazzi ga chlorinated 50 ppm mu nnyumba:
   • Kuuma ebisenge bya ffilta ebitalimu kintu kyonna nga bikutte ku sikulaapu olwo ebisenge by’amayumba byennyini bifune sanitized, naye sooka okufulumya carbon block ne RO membrane cartridges. Bleach ow’ekirungo ekinene ekya 50 ppm asaanyawo obuwuka bwa RO enkalakkalira era n’emala obusobozi bw’okusikiriza obw’omusengejja gwa kaboni akola mu ddakiika ntono. (Zikyuse n’ebintu ebipya ddala ebiyitibwa sediment ne carbon cartridges oluvannyuma okufuuwa amazzi agalimu chlorinated).
   • Okwoza omukono gwa quartz ogw’ettaala yo eya Ultraviolet (UV) Disinfection Lamp n’olugoye olugonvu ne vinegar/omwenge okuggyawo minzaani y’eby’obuggagga bw’omu ttaka ekitangaala kya UV kisobole okuyingira ku maanyi ga \(40\text{ mJ/cm}^2\) mu bujjuvu ng’empeereza ezzeemu.
2. Sika amazzi aga chlorinated mu buli payipu eyokya n'ennyogoga ey'omunda:
   • Ggulawo ppampu yo ey’amazzi era oggule buli ttaapu emu eyokya n’ennyogovu, omutwe gw’okunaabira, vvaalu egaba ekyuma eky’okwoza, ne vvaalu y’amazzi mu kaabuyonjo mu kabina kimu ku kimu okutuusa lw’owunyiriza akawoowo ak’amaanyi aka bleach akafuluma mu buli ttaapu.
   • Ggyako ttaapu era leka amazzi aga 50 ppm aga chlorinated gatuule munda mu cistern, pressure tank, water heater, ne payipu z’ennyumba okumala essaawa 12 ku 24.
3. Tofulumyangako mazzi ga cistern aga 50 ppm agalimu shock-chlorinated mu ttanka y’amazzi amakyafu oba mu kitanda ky’omuggo gw’amazzi enzirugavu agakola nnakavundira:
   • Okupampagira enkumi n’enkumi za liita z’amazzi ga bleach 50 ppm wansi mu sinki zo ez’omunda mu ttanka y’amazzi amayonjo oba mu ntobazzi y’amazzi enzirugavu ebiramu kijja okutta obuwuka obutaliimu mukka/omukka mu nkola yo ey’amazzi amayonjo era kireete amazzi okulemererwa. Mu kifo ky’ekyo, teeka hoosi y’olusuku ku bbaafu yo ey’okufulumya amazzi mu ttanka ya puleesa oba ku spigot ey’ebweru era oyiwe amazzi agalimu chlorine ku kkubo eriyingira mu mmotoka ery’amayinja oba ku ttaka kkalu ewala n’enzizi, enzizi, n’ennimiro z’amazzi amakyafu.

Ekitundu eky’amangu 2: Okugonjoola ebizibu n’okutaasa kaabuyonjo y’okukola nnakavundira eremereddwa¶

Kaabuyonjo ezitali ku mudumu, amaka amatonotono, amaato agasaabala, ne kabangali zeesigamye nnyo ku kaabuyonjo ezikola nnakavundira ezibumba zokka (nga kaabuyonjo za Nature’s Head, Airhead, Sun-Mar, BioLet, oba Separett ezikyusa omusulo) oba enkola ennyangu eza liita 20 (ggaloni 5) ez’ebibbo by’enfuufu ezisuula okutuuka ebweru ekibbo kya nnakavundira ekirimu ebbugumu. Bbalansi y’ebiramu eya Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen, ne Moisture bw’emenyeka, kaabuyonjo efuuka mangu ekizibu ky’obuyonjo mu nnyumba.

Okukola nnakavundira mu kaabuyonjo Emergency Diagnostic and Rescue Matrix¶

Ekitundu eky’amangu 3: Okusaanuusa payipu y’amazzi enzirugavu efuuse bbugumu¶

Mu kabina ezitali za mudumu, amaka amatonotono, ne yurts ezizimbibwa ku mwalo oba skids ezitaliiko basement ebuguma, layini y’amazzi enzirugavu eya mm 38 oba mm 50 (yinsi 1.5 oba yinsi 2)** etwala sinki y’omu ffumbiro n’amazzi g’okunaabira okufuluma mu kifo ekiyitibwa mulch basin oba ekinnya ekikulukutiramu amazzi enzirugavu etera okuba payipu esooka okutonnya mu kiseera ky’okutonnya kw’amazzi enzirugavu.

Lwaki payipu ezifulumya amazzi enzirugavu zifuuka bbugumu newankubadde nga "ziteekeddwa okufulumya amazzi njereere".¶

Okwawukanako ne payipu ezigaba puleesa ezisigala nga zijjudde amazzi 24/7, payipu efulumya amazzi eteekeddwa okufuluma olw’amaanyi ag’ekisikirize. Naye, emidumu gy’amazzi enzirugavu agatali ga mudumu gifuuka bbugumu mu bifo bisatu ebitongole:

1. The Indoor/Under-Floor P-Trap: P-trap eya bulijjo ekwata ekizibiti ky’amazzi eky’enkalakkalira ekya mm 50 ku 100 (yinsi 2 ku 4) okuziyiza ggaasi z’emyala/ezifulumya. Singa wansi wa kabina temuli buziyiza oba omutego gwa P guwaniridde mu kifo ekinyogovu eky’okuseeyeeya wansi w’akayumba akatono oba akasiisira, amazzi ago agayimiridde gafuuka bbugumu ne gafuuka pulagi ya ice ennywevu okumala ekiro.
2. A "Belly" (Sag) oba Insufficient Slope in the Pipe: Singa hoosi egonvu oba payipu ya PVC egwa wakati w'ebiwanirizi, oba ng'eba n'okusereba okutono okusinga ku 2 ku buli 100 okusereba (okutonnya kwa sentimita 2 buli mita, oba okutonnya kwa yinsi ¼ buli kigere), amazzi amagonvu amagonvu ag'amazzi g'essowaani agabuguma ganyogoga ne gafuuka bbugumu mu layers ennyimpi ("glaciation") okutuusa payipu lw'eggalawo ddala.
3. The Outdoor Daylight Outlet / Mulch Basin Screen: Omuzira oba ice buildup ku outdoor discharge end ya payipu ddaamu waggulu outlet, backing ice mpolampola okulinnya payipu ng’ayolekera kabina.

Enkola ya mutendera ku mutendera okusaanuusa omudumu gw’amazzi enzirugavu ogufumbiddwa mu ngeri ey’obukuumi¶

1. Lekera awo okufulumya amazzi mu sinki oba mu ssaawa mu bwangu era oteeke ekibbo ekikwata wansi wa P-trap. Nga tonnaggulawo pulagi yonna ey’okuyonja oba P-trap union, teeka ekibbo kya liita 20 (ggaloni 5) n’obutambaala obukadde wansi w’omutego gwa sinki, kubanga standpipe eyeesimbye waggulu wa ice plug ejjudde amazzi amakyafu agajja okuyiwa wansi wo nga ogguddwawo.
2. Sooka okebere ekifo we bafulumya amazzi ebweru (ebitundu 50 ku 100 eby’ebifuumuuka bitandikira ku kifo we bafuluma):
   • Tambula ebweru okutuuka payipu y’amazzi enzirugavu w’efuluma mu kifo kyo eky’omuddo, omukutu gw’amayinja, oba infiltrator dome.
   • Sekula omuzira gwonna ogubikka ekifo ekifuluma, ssalako ice cone yonna ezibye enkomerero ya payipu, era oyiwe ekkeeti ya amazzi agabuguma nga gatabuddwamu gram 250 (ekikopo 1) eky’omunnyo gw’amayinja oba omunnyo gw’oku mmeeza mu nkomerero y’omuzira bwe kiba nga kituukiridde.
3. Than under-sink oba crawlspace P-trap nga toyatika PVC:
   • Tokozesangako mumuli gwa propane oguggule ku payipu ezifulumya amazzi mu buveera bwa PVC oba ABS (gusaanuusa obuveera ne gukuma omuliro mu fuleemu ya kabina), era toyiwangako lye ey’ettunzi (sodium hydroxide) drain opener mu payipu efuuse bbugumu, kubanga lye tejja kusala mu kizibiti kya ice ekiwanvu era ejja kuleka empagi y’eddagala eriziba amaaso, eritta nga litudde mu payipu nga lirindirira okufuumuuka mu maaso go ng’osumulula omutego.
   • Wabula, zingira P-trap efuuse bbugumu ne payipu eraga mu bitambaala by’okunaaba era oyiwe mpola mpola ebikebe by’amazzi amazzi agookya (agatali gafumba mu ngeri ya ffujjo) ku bitambaala, oba genderera ekyuma ekikala enviiri oba emmundu ey’ebbugumu eya 1,500W ku Low (ng’ogitambuza obutasalako obuveera obutasukka 60°C / 140°F) okutuusa lw’owulira ice plug slide free.
4. Kozesa enkola ya "Small-Tubing Siphon + Hot Brine" okukola freeze munda mu payipu eziikiddwa oba eyitira mu bbugwe:
   • Singa omuzira gwa ice guba mita 2 ku 4 (fuuti 6 ku 13) wansi mu payipu munda mu bbugwe oba ekifo eky’okuseeyeeya w’otosobola kutuuka bweru wa payipu:
     1. Sumulula P-trap eri wansi wa sinki oba ggulawo cleanout Y-fitting.
     2. Liisa ekyuma ekikaluba ekya mm 6 okutuuka ku mm 10 (¼-inch to ⅜-inch) flexible polyethylene oba vinyl tube wansi munda mu payipu efulumya amazzi okutuusa lw’ekuba mu maaso ga ice plug.
     3. Teeka funnel ku tube yo entono oyiwe hot saltwater brine (amazzi agabuguma aganyogozeddwa katono okutuuka ku -75°C / 165°F nga gatabuddwamu maximum dissolved table salt) wansi mu tube entono. Omunnyo ogwokya gukulukuta butereevu ku maaso ga ddaamu ya ice ate amazzi agannyogoga agasaanuuse ne gakulukuta emabega okuva mu payipu enkulu ne gayingira mu baketi yo ey’okukwata wansi.
     4. Sigala ng’osika ttanka entono mu maaso sentimita ku sentimita nga ice esaanuuka okutuusa ng’ekizibiti kimenyese ne kifubutuka wansi ku layini.
5. Lemesa Ekiro kya Leero Re-Freeze ("The Dry-Bucket & Waterless Trap Fix"):
   • Bw’omala okufuna payipu ng’esaanuuse mu kiseera ky’ennaku eziwera nga zifuuse bbugumu eri wansi wa ziro, tolekangako kukulukuta mpola kwa mazzi kukulukuta wansi mu mwala. Bulijjo kukungaanya amazzi ag’okunaaba mu ssowaani mu sinki oyiwe liita 4 ku 8 (ggaloni emu ku 2) zonna ez’amazzi agookya omulundi gumu mu kuwuuma okumu okw’amangu kale gakuba amasasi gonna okuva mu payipu nga tegannatonnya.
   • Singa P-trap yo wansi wa wansi efuuka bbugumu buli kiro, oba yiwa 120 mL (½ cup) ya Pink RV / Marine Propylene Glycol Antifreeze etali ya butwa (oba amazzi ag’okwoza endabirwamu / omwenge ogusiiga; never toxic green automotive ethylene glycol singa ofulumya mu ttaka) mu mutego nga tonnagenda kwebaka, OBA zzaawo P-trap y’amazzi nakyo omutego gw’oluwuzi lwa silikoni ogutalina mazzi (nga vvaalu ya HepvO), ogusiba obuwoowo n’empewo ennyogovu efuluma nga tukozesa omukono gwa elastomeric ogweggalawo ogukwata amazzi agayimiridde zero okufuuka bbugumu.

Ebibuuzo ebitera okubuuzibwa¶

Nsobola okukozesa empeke za chlorine mu kidiba ekiwugirwamu (Trichlor) oba pool shock (Calcium Hypochlorite) okutta obuwuka mu kidiba kyange eky’amazzi g’okunywa?¶

Olina okwegendereza ennyo ku ddagala ly’ekidiba ekiwugirwamu. **Tokozesangako mpeke za chlorine mu kidiba ekiwugirwamu "ezitebenkedde" (Trichloroisocyanuric acid oba Sodium Dichloro-s-triazinetriurate) oba pool shock ezirimu eddagala eritta algicides, clarifiers, oba cyanuric acid** mu kidiba ky'amazzi ag'okunywa, kubanga ebyo ebigattibwamu biba bya butwa okunywa. Naye, **pure, unstabilized granular Calcium Hypochlorite (HTH, mu bujjuvu 65% ku 73% aliwo chlorine nga temuli ddagala lya algicides oba cyanuric acid)** ekkirizibwa nnyo ekitongole kya WHO, CDC, ne EPA okutta obuwuka mu mazzi ag’okunywa. Okukola stock chlorine solution eyenkanankana ne bleach y’awaka okuva mu granular 68% Calcium Hypochlorite, saanuusa **1 heaping teaspoon (roughly 5 to 7 grams)** of granular calcium hypochlorite mu **8 liters (2 US gallons)** z’amazzi okukola 500 mg/L stock solution, n’oluvannyuma otabule ekitundu 1 ku stock solution eyo mu bitundu 100 eby’amazzi okumala 5 ppm okunywa obuwuka (oba scale up proportionally for 50 ppm tank shocking).

Nggya ntya obuwoomi bwa bleach obw’amaanyi n’okuwunya mu mazzi g’ekiyumba singa mba nnina okuganywa mu mbeera ey’amangu?¶

Bw’oba olina okussaamu chlorine mu cistern yo oba mu bidomola by’amazzi ebya liita 20 (ggaloni 5) ku 5 ku 10 ppm olw’obukuumi era nga weetaaga okunywa amazzi kati, osobola okuggyawo chlorine ow’obwereere ayitiridde mu ngeri ssatu: **(1) Okufuuwa empewo n’omusana:** Yiwa amazzi nga gadda n’emabega wakati w’ebibya bibiri ebiyonjo emirundi egiwerako n’ogareka gatuule mu nsuwa enzigule okumala essaawa ntono olwo omukka gwa chlorine guwuguke mu empewo; **(2) Ensuwa za Kaboni ezikola:** Yiwa amazzi agalimu chlorine okuyita mu ffilta y’ensuwa ya kaboni ekola mu maka eya bulijjo (nga ensuwa ya Brita oba ZeroWater), eggyamu chlorine ow’obwereere nga gakwatagana; oba **(3) Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) Neutralization:** Ekkirizibwa US EPA ne USDA Forest Service, okutabula akatundu akatono (**nga miligiraamu 40 ku 50** eza Ascorbic Acid / Vitamin C omulongoofu ow’obuwunga buli liita y’amazzi) kikendeeza mu kemiko chlorine ow’obwereere okufuuka ayoni za chloride ezitali za bulabe, ezitawooma mu sikonda 60. (Oteekamu Vitamin C yokka *nga* chlorine amaze okutuula okumala obudde bwayo obw’ekiragiro obw’okutta obuwuka obuleeta endwadde obw’eddakiika 30 ku 60).

Kiba kya bulabe okunaaba oba okunaaba amasowaani n’amazzi g’ekidiba agacaafu singa nsigala nga nzibye akamwa?¶

Singa ekidiba kyo kyali kicaafu olw’ekiwuka ekifudde, enkwale, oba amazzi agakulukuta amataba, **tonaaba oba okunaaba amasowaani n’amazzi agatalongooseddwa** nga tonnaba kukanga ttanka. Shower heads zikola aerosolize amazzi mu matondo g’enfuufu amalungi agayingira mu maaso go, ennyindo, n’amawuggwe, era obuwuka bwa *Leptospira* okuva mu musulo gw’ebiwuka busobola okuyingira butereevu mu mucous membranes ezitaliiko kamogo (amaaso, ennyindo, akamwa) oba obutundutundu obutono obusala ku shaving nick/hangnail ku lususu lwo. Naaba amasowaani era onaaba sipongi n’amazzi gokka agafumbiddwa oba agalimu ekirungo ekituufu okutuusa ng’enzirukanya ya sistern shock-chlorination enzijuvu ewedde.

Kasasiro w’abantu okuva mu kaabuyonjo ekola nnakavundira etali ku mudumu alina okuwona mu bbiini ey’ebweru okumala bbanga ki nga tannaba kuba na bulabe kukozesebwa okwetooloola emiti?¶

Ekisenge ekiri munda mu kaabuyonjo ey’omunda eyeetongodde (nga Nature’s Head oba Sun-Mar) kitono nnyo okutuuka ku bbugumu erya nnamaddala erya thermophilic ($55^\circ\text{C}$ okutuuka ku $65^\circ\text{C}$ / $131^\circ\text{F}$ okutuuka ku $149^\circ\text{F}$), ekyetaagisa okutta amangu amagi g’ensowera eyeetooloovu agagumu (*Ascaris lumbricoides*). Okusinziira ku **World Health Organization (WHO)** ne **EPA / state health guidelines**, okuggyako ng’okuuma entuumu ya nnakavundira ey’ebweru etali ya bbugumu ekakasiddwa ekipima ebbugumu lya nnakavundira eky’ekikolo ekiwanvu waggulu wa **$55^\circ\text{C}$ ($131^\circ\text{F}$) okumala waakiri ennaku 15 ez’omuddiring’anwa** (oba $50^\circ\text{C}$ okumala wiiki eziwera), ambient mesophilic humanure erina okukaddiwa/okuwona mu kibbo eky’ebweru ekibikkiddwa, ekiziyiza ebiwuka okumala **waakiri emyezi 12 ku 24 emijjuvu** oluvannyuma lw’okugattibwako okusembayo nga tennasiigibwa okwetoloola emiti n’ebisaka eby’okwewunda ebitali bya kulya byokka (tewali ku birime bya bikoola oba enva endiirwa ez’amakoola eziriibwa nga mbisi).

Ensonda zeekebeddwa¶

• Ekitongole ky’ebyobulamu mu nsi yonna (WHO): Ebiwandiiko by’ebyekikugu ku mazzi ag’okunywa, obuyonjo n’obuyonjo mu mbeera ez’amangu: Okwoza n’okutta obuwuka mu ttanka ne ttanka ezitereka amazzi (Technical Note No. 3) & Enkola y’okukozesa obulungi amazzi amakyafu, omusulo n’amazzi amazito (Volume 4) (Ensi yonna).
• Ekitongole kya Amerika ekikuuma obutonde bw’ensi (EPA): Okutta obuwuka mu mazzi ag’okunywa mu bwangu (EPA 816-F-15-003) & Enkola ya Septic System ne Cistern Shock-Chlorination Guidance (United States).
• Ebifo ebifuga n’okuziyiza endwadde (CDC): Amazzi, obuyonjo, n’obuyonjo obukwatagana n’obutonde: Okutondawo n’okutereka amazzi ag’amangu & okutta obuwuka mu bifo eby’okukungula amazzi g’enkuba (United States).
• Texas Water Development Board (TWDB): Ekitabo kya Texas ekikwata ku kukungula amazzi g’enkuba, 3^rd Edition: Omutindo gw’amazzi, Okukyusa amazzi mu kusooka, n’okubalirira okuyonja ebidiba (United States).
• Ekitongole ekikola ku kwetegekera obutyabaga mu bitundu (RDPO) & Public Health Seattle/King County: Enkola y’okuyonja kaabuyonjo mu bwangu ey’ebibbo bibiri olw’okulemererwa kw’ebizimbe ebitali ku mudumu (United States).

Ebiragiro ebikwatagana nabyo¶

• Okulemererwa kw’amasannyalaze g’enjuba, amazzi, ne kasasiro nga tegali ku mudumu
• Obulamu bwa kabangali n’obutuuze bw’emmotoka mu mbeera ez’amangu
• Obuyonjo obulungi, okwoza engoye, okunaabira, n’okulabirira amannyo nga tolina nnyumba
• Okuwangaala nga tolina nnyumba n’okusunsula embeera y’obudde esukkiridde
• Dayirekita y’ennamba ez’amangu