Bbugwe w’ekidiba ekiwugirwamu waggulu w’ettaka okugwa oba amazzi agakulukuta mu bwangu¶
Ennamba z’embeera ez’amangu zaawukana okusinziira ku nsi. Omuko guno gukozesa 911, ennamba ya Amerika ne Canada. Ensi endala nnyingi zikozesa 112, 999, oba ennamba endala. Funa ennamba y'ensi yo.
Ekidiba ekiwugirwamu ekiri waggulu w’ettaka kikwata liita z’amazzi wakati wa 19,000 ne 76,000 (ggaloni 5,000 ne 20,000) ezizitowa ttani 76 (pawundi 167,000). Ekipande kya bbugwe eky’ekyuma ekifuuse ekivundu bwe kyayawukana, ekiwanirizi ekigoloddwa ne kisiba, oba ekintu ekiyitibwa vinyl liner bwe kikutuka, obuzito obwo bwonna obw’amazzi bufuluma mu sikonda 15 ku 90 ng’amataba ag’amaanyi ag’emabega ag’omu luggya agasaanyaawo. Okukulukuta kuno okw’amangu kuyinza okusenya abaana n’ebisolo by’omu nnyumba okubuna oluggya mu bikomera oba ku nguudo, okunnyika waya za ppampu z’ekidiba eza vvuloti 120 oba 240 eziramu, okumenya amadirisa agafuluma mu kisenge ekya wansi, n’okugwa ebisenge ebikuumibwa wansi.
Kino kikole kati¶
- Bala buli muwuzi, omwana, n’ekisolo ky’omu nnyumba amangu ddala era ogende ku ttaka erya waggulu: Bbugwe w’ekidiba akutuse akola ekituli ky’amazzi eky’amangu ekya mmita 0.6 ku 1.2 (fuuti 2 ku 4) ekisika abawuzi okuyita mu kyuma ekikutuse ekikutuse n’okubasibira ku bbugwe ow’okwetooloola, ebikondo bya ddeeke, oba ebisenge by’ebiyumba. Enduulu okugogola oluggya, ssika buli muntu nga yeesimbye ku mazzi agakulukuta ku mbalaza egulumiziddwa oba munda mu nnyumba, era tolinnya mu kkubo ly’amazzi eritambula.
- Tolinnyangako mu muddo ogubooga, ebiziba, oba ekisenge ekya wansi ennyogovu okumpi n’ebyuma by’ekidiba: Amazzi agakulukuta bulijjo gasikambula ppampu y’omusulo gw’ekidiba, jenereta ya salt chlorine, n’ekyuma ekibugumya amasannyalaze okuva ku paadi zaabwe ez’okussaako nga circuit ekyalina amaanyi. Okulinnya mu mazzi g’ekidiba agalina amaanyi oba omuddo omubisi mu mmita 10 (fuuti 33) okuva ku pulagi ya pampu oba omuguwa ogw’okugaziya ogunyweredde mu mazzi kiyinza okuvaako okubbira mu mazzi oba okukubwa amasannyalaze.
- Ggala amasannyalaze g’ennyumba n’ekidiba okuva ku kipande ekikalu ddala kyokka: Bw’oba osobola okutuuka ku kipande kyo ekikulu eky’amasannyalaze munda mu nnyumba nga tolinnye wansi wa wansi omubisi oba seminti omunnyogovu, kyusa ekyuma ekimenya ekidiba ekiweereddwayo (oba ennyumba Main Service Disconnect breaker) mu kifo kya OFF. Singa ekisenge ekya wansi kyabooga dda okuva ku mayengo g’ekidiba, sigala ebweru ddala mu kisenge ekya wansi era oyite ekitongole ky’amasannyalaze n’ekitongole ekizikiriza omuliro okuva ebweru.
- Kuba ennamba y’amangu mu kitundu kyo singa wabaawo omuntu yenna alumiziddwa, akulukutiddwa, oba asibiddwa: Kuba ku nnamba y’amangu mu kitundu kyo (911 mu Amerika ne Canada, 112 okwetoloola omukago gwa Bulaaya, 999 mu Bungereza, oba 000 mu Australia) oba kebera yaffe ennamba z’amangu dayirekita. Loopa okugwa kw’ekizimbe ky’ekidiba ekiwugirwamu waggulu w’ettaka nga kiyinza okukutuka kw’ebyuma ebiyitibwa sheet-metal lacerations, layini z’amasannyalaze ezinyweredde wansi, oba okukwatibwa mu kisenge ekya wansi.
- Senda amangu ddala ebisenge ebya wansi n’ebisenge ebiri wansi wa ddaala: Amayengo aga liita 40,000 (ggaloni 10,500) agakuba ku ludda lw’awaka gajjuza enzizi z’amadirisa g’ekisenge ekya wansi mu sikonda ntono, ne gafuuwa endabirwamu wansi wa puleesa y’amazzi n’okufuula ekisenge ekiri wansi wa ddaala okufuuka omutego gw’okubbira n’okukubwa amasannyalaze. Buli omu alinnye ku mwaliiro ogwa wansi nga tonnaba kugezaako kukyusa mazzi gonna.
- Labula amangu ddala baliraanwa abakka n’abaliraanyewo: Ku bibanja by’amayumba ebiserengese, enkumi n’enkumi za liita z’amazzi agalimu chlorine zijja kuyiwa okuyita mu layini z’olukomera mu luggya oluliraanyewo, galagi z’oluguudo eziri wansi w’omutindo, ebifo ebiseeyeeya, n’emyala gy’omuyaga ku nguudo mu ddakiika emu oba bbiri. Kuba oba okuleekaana baliraanwa abaliraanyewo n’abakka basobole okutambuza abaana, ebisolo by’omu nnyumba, n’emmotoka okuva mu kkubo erikulukuta.
Pool bbugwe okukutuka n'emabega flash inundation okusalawo flow¶
Goberera omutendera guno nga bbugwe w’ekidiba akola nnyo okubumbulukuka, okwawukana oba okusumulula amataba mu kibanja kyo.
flowchart TD
Start["Bbugwe w’ekidiba Okubumbulukuka, Okukutuka, oba Okukutuka kwa Liner"] --> ActiveCheck{"Bbugwe Yakutuka Dda Oba Amazzi Gakulukuta?"}
ActiveCheck -->|YES: Active Collapse / Flash Surge| ClearPeople["1. Sika abawuzi bonna, abaana, n’ebisolo by’omu nnyumba ku mbalaza egulumiziddwa oba waggulu; sigala ebweru w’ekkubo ly’okukulukuta"]
ClearPeople --> ElecCheck{"Ekkubo erigenda ku Indoor Main Breaker Panel Likalu 100%?"}
ElecCheck -->|No: Basement Flooding or Wet Floor| StayOut["2. SIULA ebweru w’amazzi g’ekisenge ekya wansi n’eky’omu luggya; kuba 911 / 112 / 999 ne Electric Utility okuva ebweru"]
ElecCheck -->|Yes: Dry Indoor Access| CutBreaker["2. Flip Pool Breaker ne Basement Breakers OFF ku main panel nga okozesa enkola y’omukono gumu"]
CutBreaker --> TraumaCheck{"Ekyuma Ekikutuse Yasala Omuntu Oba Endabirwamu Amadirisa Yafuuwa?"}
TraumaCheck -->|Yes: Severe Bleeding or Entrapment| Call911["3. Kuba 911 / 112 / 999 mu bwangu; ssaako puleesa obutereevu n’olugoye oluyonjo ku bitundu ebikutuse eby’ekyuma"]
TraumaCheck -->|No: Property Surge Only| ProtectFoundation["3. Labula baliraanwa abakka, ggalawo ggaasi/HVAC singa enywera mu mazzi, era okebere omusingi ng’amazzi gakendedde"]
ActiveCheck -->|NO: Pre-Collapse Warning Signs Only| EvacPool["1. Okusengula buli muntu okuva mu kidiba ne ku ddeeke mu bwangu; kuuma mita 15 (fuuti 50) emabega okuva ku ludda olubumbulukuka"]
EvacPool --> CutPump["2. Ggala ekimenya ppampu y’ekidiba ku panel ey’omunda ppampu ereme kutambula nga nkalu oba okufuluma"]
CutPump --> ControlledDrain["3. Tandika controlled gravity siphon oba waste-port drain ng’oyolekera street storm sewer okuva ku misingi"]
Fizikisi y’okugwa kw’ekidiba waggulu w’ettaka: Omugugu gw’amazzi n’obulabe bw’ebyuma ebiyitibwa sheet-metal¶
Bannannyini mayumba batera okunyooma obusobozi bw’okusaanyaawo ekidiba eky’emabega kubanga amazzi gayimiridde mita 1.2 ku 1.37 zokka (yinsi 48 ku 54) mu buziba. Wabula amazzi gazitowa kkiro emu buli liita (pawundi 8.34 buli ggaloni ya Amerika), ekitegeeza nti ekidiba ky’amaka ekya bulijjo kitereka kinetic equivalent ya semi-trailers bbiri oba ssatu ezitikkiddwa nga zikuumibwa emabega n’akaguwa akagonvu ak’ekyuma ekizingiddwa oba akatimba akasiigiddwa vinyl.
| Enkula y’ekidiba n’Ekika | Omuwendo gw’amazzi mu Liita (US Gallons) . | Omugatte gw’amazzi mu ttani za Metric (Pounds) . | Obuziba bw’amayengo g’amataba ag’oku ntikko ku Mita 3 (Fuuti 10) okuva ku Breach | Obulabe obusookerwako obw’ebyuma n’enzimba mu kiseera ky’okukutuka |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ekidiba kya mita 4.5 (fuuti 15) ekyekulungirivu eky’oludda olugonvu oba olwa fuleemu | 16,800 okutuuka ku 19,000 L (4,400 okutuuka ku 5,000 gal) | Ttani 16.8 okutuuka ku 19.0 (37,000 okutuuka ku 41,800 lbs) | 25 okutuuka ku 40 cm (10 ku 16 in) . | Ebikondo by’eggaali y’omukka eby’okungulu ebiyitibwa tubular ebikondo bikuba ebweru; abaana abato baakoona ebigere ne batwalibwa mu biziyiza eby’omu luggya; enzizi z’amadirisa ezisinga okumpi n’ekidiba zijjula n’okujjula. |
| Ekidiba kya mmita 5.5 (fuuti 18) ekyekulungirivu eky’ekyuma-ekisenge | 29,000 okutuuka ku 32,500 L (7,600 okutuuka ku 8,600 gal) | ttani 29.0 okutuuka ku 32.5 (64,000 okutuuka ku 71,700 lbs) | 40 okutuuka ku 60 cm (16 ku 24 in) . | Omusono gwa bbugwe ogw’ekyuma ogukulukuta gusumululwa ng’ekibbo ky’ebbaati; ekyuma ekikuba ebikonde ekisongovu ng’eky’ekyuma ekiyitibwa galvanized kikuba ebweru ku sipiidi ya kiromita 30+ buli ssaawa (19+ mph); ebikomera eby’embaawo eby’ekyama bikutuka ku bifo ebiteekebwamu ebikondo. |
| Ekidiba kya mita 7.3 (fuuti 24) ekyekulungirivu eky’ekyuma-ekisenge | 51,000 okutuuka ku 55,000 L (13,500 okutuuka ku 14,500 gal) | ttani 51.0 okutuuka ku 55.0 (112,500 okutuuka ku 121,000 lbs) | 60 okutuuka ku 90 cm (24 okutuuka ku 36 in) . | Massive hydraulic bore displaces ebintu by’omu luggya, ggaasi grills, n’ebiyumba ebitereka; amenya amadirisa agafuluma mu kisenge ekya wansi; anaaza ettaka wansi wa seminti ne AC condensers. |
| Meta 4.5 ku 9.1 (fuuti 15 ku 30) Oval oba mmita 8.5 (fuuti 28) Round Pool | 62,000 okutuuka ku 76,000 L (16,500 okutuuka ku 20,000 gal) | 62.0 okutuuka ku 76.0 metric ttani (137,000 okutuuka ku 167,500 lbs) | 75 okutuuka ku 120 cm (30 okutuuka ku 48 in) . | Okubooga kw’ebizimbe okw’akatyabaga; ddeeke z’ebidiba ez’embaawo ezigattibwako zigwa; ebisenge ebikuuma biremererwa; mmotoka ezisimbye nga zikyusiddwa ku makubo agayingira mu mmotoka; amataba amangi mu kisenge ekya wansi mu sikonda 45. |
Obulabe bwa guillotine obw’okukutula ebisenge by’ekidiba eby’ekyuma¶
Ebidiba ebiri waggulu w’ettaka ebirina enjuyi enkalu bikozesa koyilo egenda mu maaso ey’ekyuma ekikoleddwa mu galvanized oba ekyuma kya aluminiyamu ekiwanvu milimita 0.4 ku 0.7 nga kigattibwa ku bbaala ya bulooti eyeesimbye (omusono oguggalawo). Obusagwa bwe bunafuya omumwa ogwa wansi oba obuuma obusimbye bwe busala wansi w’omugugu gw’amazzi, okusika kwa hoop okuterekeddwa mu bbugwe ow’enkulungo kusumulula mu kaseera ako:
- Ekibookisi ky’ekyuma n’okukutuka kw’emisuwa: Nga ttani z’amazzi 50 zibuuka okuyita mu njawukana, enkomerero ebbiri ezaakutuse ez’ekisenge ky’ekyuma ekigonvu zikuba ebweru ng’enkumbi ennene. Omuntu yenna ayimiridde okumpi n’enkulungo y’ekidiba oba ng’akulukutiddwa mu bbanga olw’amazzi agakulukuta ayolekedde okukutuka okuwanvu, okutiisa ebitundu by’omubiri mu magulu, mu lubuto, n’emisuwa gy’ekisambi.
- Suction vortex munda mu mpeta egwa: Singa abawuzi baba munda mu kidiba nga bbugwe eyawukana oba omusono omunene ogwa layini gukutuse, okugwa kwa puleesa okw’amangu kuleeta omukka ogw’amaanyi ogw’okwebungulula ogusukka kiromita 16 ku 24 buli ssaawa (mayiro 10 ku 15 buli ssaawa). Abawuzi basikibwa ebigere nga basooka oba omutwe butereevu nga bayita mu kifo eky’ekyuma ekirimu amajaani ne bakubwa mu kintu kyonna ekigalamira wansi w’omugga (ebikomera, ebyuma ebifuuwa empewo, ebisenge by’amabaati oba entuumu z’enku).
- Attached wooden or composite deck collapse: Ebidiba bingi waggulu w’ettaka byetooloddwa ddeeke ez’embaawo ezigulumivu ezizimbibwa nga zikwatagana n’eggaali y’omukka ey’okungulu. Bbugwe w’ekidiba bw’akutuka, amazzi agafubutuka gakulukuta okuva mu ttaka okwetooloola ebikondo bya seminti ebitali biwanvu ku ddeeke oba ne gakuba butereevu mu bikondo ebiwanirira ebyesimbye ebya sentimita 10 ku 10 (yinsi 4 ku 4), ne gasuula ddeeke eri waggulu n’omuntu yenna ayimiriddeko mu nnimiro y’ebifunfugu.
Danger
Togezaako kunyweza, kusika mabega oba kukwata wamu ekisenge ky’ekidiba ekibumbulukuka, ekikondo ekiwanirira ekiserengese, oba omusono ogwawukana n’omubiri gwo, emiguwa gya ratchet, oba ebibaawo by’embaawo ng’ekidiba kijjudde. Tewali muguwa, musipi gwa ratchet, oba okufuba kw’omuntu kuyinza kuziyiza ttani za metric 30 ku 70 eza puleesa y’amazzi ag’amazzi, era okuyimirira ku mabbali ga bbugwe ow’ekyuma alina situleesi kikuteeka butereevu mu kkubo ly’okukuba ekyuma ekikuba ebyuma ng’omusono gusala.
Obulabe obw’okubiri obuteeka obulamu mu matigga mu ddakiika 5 ezisooka¶
Amayengo agasooka bwe gamala okuyita mu luggya, embeera ey’amangu ekyuka amangu ddala okuva ku kulumwa omubiri n’okubbira mu mazzi okudda ku bulabe bw’amasannyalaze, ebizimbe ne ggaasi munda n’okwetooloola amaka go.
1. Waya za ppampu y’ekidiba ezinyweredde wansi n’emikutu gy’amasannyalaze egy’ebweru¶
Pampu ezisengejja ekidiba waggulu w’ettaka, amazzi g’omunnyo chlorinators, ozonators, ne ppampu z’ebbugumu zituula ku paadi eziri wansi mu mita emu ku bbiri (fuuti 3 ku 6) okuva ku bbugwe w’ekidiba. Mu kiseera ky’okugwa kwa bbugwe oba okufuuwa kwa skimmer-port:
- Omukutu ogukutuse n’emiguwa egy’omu mazzi: Amazzi agakulukuta gasikambula hoosi za PVC ezikyukakyuka okuva ku miryango gya skimmer ne return, ne gisika mmotoka ya pampu eriko waya n’omuguwa gwayo ogw’amasannyalaze ogwa vvuloti 120 oba 240 butereevu mu mazzi agayimiridde.
- Obukuumi bwa GFCI / RCD obulina obuzibu oba obubula: Wadde nga koodi z’amasannyalaze ez’omulembe (nga National Electrical Code Article 680 mu Amerika) zeetaaga obukuumi bwa Ground-Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI) oba Residual Current Device (RCD) ku byuma byonna eby’ekidiba, ebifo bingi eby’edda ebiteekeddwamu, ensengeka za DIY extension-cord, oba ebifo eby’ebweru ebifuuse eby’obudde bifuuse bivundu oba enkola z’olugendo ezitakola.
- Ensengekera ya vvulovumenti okubuna omuddo omubisi ne seminti: Singa waya ya 120V oba 240V erimu amaanyi ekwatagana n’ettaka eribisi oba amazzi agakuŋŋaanyiziddwa aga chlorinated (agatambuza ennyo olw’eminnyo n’eby’obuggagga eby’omu ttaka ebisaanuuse), okutambula kwa vvulovumenti okw’akabi kufuluma ebweru okubuna oluggya ne mu bikomera eby’ebyuma ebiyunga enjegere. Tokwata ku miryango gya kyuma, olukomera oluyungibwa enjegere, ebibangirizi bya seminti omubisi, oba fuleemu y’ekidiba okutuusa ng’ekimenya ennyumba enkulu oba ekimenya ekidiba ekitono kiggyiddwako okuva mu kifo ekikalu eky’omunda. Okumanya enkola enzito ez’okutaasa amazzi g’amasannyalaze, laba ekitabo kyaffe ku okusiba omudumu gw’ekidiba ekiwugirwamu n’okubbira mu mazzi olw’amasannyalaze.
2. Basement window well blowout n’okusiba wansi wa ddaala¶
Singa amaka go gaba n’ekisenge ekya wansi oba ekifo eky’okubeera wansi w’omutindo, ekidiba ekikutuse kikola ng’amataba agakulukuta mu kitundu nga gatunudde mu square ku bbugwe wo ow’omusingi:
- Okulemererwa kw’endabirwamu z’amazzi: Amadirisa aga standard single-pane oba double-pane basement hopper ne slider gakoleddwa okukuuma enkuba n’empewo, so si mita 0.6 ku 1.0 (fuuti 2 ku 3.3) ez’amazzi agayimiridde. Oluzzi lw’eddirisa ery’ekyuma eriko enkokola bwe lujjula okutuuka ku rim n’amazzi g’ekidiba mu sikonda 5, amazzi gakola amaanyi ga kkiro 300 ku 600 (pawundi 660 ku 1,320) ez’omunda ku ndabirwamu, ne gamenya eddirisa munda ng’okubwatuka.
- Stairwell waterfall effect: Singa omuntu yenna abeera mu kisenge ekya wansi ng’eddirisa lifuuwa, okugezaako okulinnya amadaala g’ekisenge ekya wansi ng’enkumi n’enkumi za liita z’amazzi ziyiwa wansi mu madaala oba okuyita mu ddirisa eriggulwawo kiyinza okumusenya okuva ku bigere, ate ng’ebintu ebitengejja biziba oluggi lw’ekisenge ekya wansi.
- Ebitundu by’amasannyalaze ebinywera wansi n’amataala g’okugezesa ekikoomi/ekyuma ekibugumya amazzi: Amazzi aga sentimita 15 zokka (yinsi 6) wansi mu kisenge ekya wansi gatuuka ku bifo ebikola amasannyalaze, mmotoka za firiiza mu kifuba, ebyuma eby’okwoza engoye, n’ebipande ebifuga ekikoomi. Okumanya enkola enzijuvu ez’obukuumi eza wansi w’omutindo, weebuuze ku zaffe ekisenge ekya wansi ekyabooga omulagirizi w’embeera ez’amangu.
3. Okusengulwa kwa ttanka ya propane n’okusala mita ya ggaasi ow’obutonde¶
Bbugwe w’amazzi ow’obuzito bwa ttani 30 ku 70 kyangu okusitula n’okuyiringisiza ssilindala za BBQ propane eziweza kkiro 9 (pawundi 20), ttanka za propane ezibugumya ebidiba eziweza kilo 45 (pawundi 100), n’ebyuma ebibugumya mu luggya olw’ebweru, n’abikuba mu bisenge by’ennyumba oba n’akutula layini za ggaasi ez’ekikomo n’ekyuma ezikaluba eziyungiddwa ku bbugumu ly’ebidiba oba ggaasi w’ennyumba mita:
- Wuliriza era owunyiriza ggaasi amangu ddala ng’amayengo gakendedde: Bw’owulira eddoboozi ery’amaanyi ery’okuwuuma okumpi n’ekyuma ekibugumya ekidiba kyo, effumba ery’ebweru, oba mita ya ggaasi w’ennyumba, oba okuwunyiriza akawoowo k’amagi agavunze aka mercaptan, fulumya ennyumba n’oluggya mu mpewo amangu ago.
- Tokola switch za masannyalaze: Singa layini ya ggaasi esala, tokyusa switch z’ettaala oba circuit breakers, kubanga akasero akatono akali munda mu switch kayinza okukuma omuliro mu ggaasi akulukuta. Kuba essimu y’ekitongole kyo ekya ggaasi n’ekitongole ekizikiriza omuliro ng’oli wansi mu kkubo. Laba ebyaffe okukulukuta kwa ggaasi era okukulukuta kwa ttanka ya propane ebiragiro ebikwata ku mateeka g’okwekutula ku mutendera ku mutendera.
Obuyambi obusookerwako ku buvune bw’ekidiba okugwa¶
Okulemererwa kwa bbugwe w’ekidiba kuleeta omugatte ogw’enjawulo ogw’okukuba okutali kwa maanyi, okumpi okubbira mu mazzi agalimu ekirungo kya chlorine ekinene oba ekijjudde ebisasiro, n’okukutuka okw’amaanyi okw’ebyuma oba endabirwamu ezimenyese.
1. Okukutuka kw’ebyuma n’endabirwamu ezimenyese¶
Ebisenge by’ekidiba eby’ekyuma ekikutuse n’amadirisa g’ekisenge ekya wansi agamenyese bireeta okusala okunene era okuyonjo okuyinza okusalako emisuwa eminene mu nnyana, ebisambi, emikono egy’omu maaso oba mu lubuto:
- Sooka osse omugenzi ku kifo ekikalu, ekitaliimu maanyi: Kakasa nti omuntu abadde tagalamidde mu mazzi agayungiddwa ku waya ya ppampu y’ekidiba ekiramu nga tonnaba kuzikwatako.
- Siiga puleesa ey’amangu, ennywevu obutereevu: Teeka akatambaala akayonjo ak’okunaaba, ekiteeteeyi ekizingibwa, oba gaasi etaliimu buwuka butereevu ku kiwundu n’onyiga wansi n’amaanyi n’emikono gyombi. Tositula lugoye okukebera oba omusaayi gukomye, kuba kino kisika ne kikola ebizimba by’omusaayi; singa omusaayi guyitamu, ssaako akatambaala akalala waggulu onyige nnyo.
- Kozesa tourniquet ey’ettunzi ku kuvaamu omusaayi mu bitundu by’omubiri oguyinza okutta omuntu: Singa omusaayi omumyufu omutangaavu gukulukuta mu ngeri ey’ennyimba oba nga gukuŋŋaanyizibwa mangu okuva ku kiwundu ky’omukono oba ku magulu era nga puleesa ey’obutereevu tegifuga, ssaako ekyuma ekiyitibwa windlass tourniquet sentimita 5 ku 7 (yinsi 2 ku 3) waggulu w’ekiwundu (wakati w’ekitundu ekisaliddwa n’omubiri, tobangako butereevu waggulu wa kiwanga) era kyusa omuggo okutuusa ng’omusaayi gwonna gukomye. Weetegereze essaawa y’okusaba era kuba ku nnamba y’amangu mu kitundu kyo mu bwangu. Weekenneenye ebyaffe okuvaamu omusaayi ogw’amaanyi omulagirizi ku mitendera gy’okulwanyisa okuvaamu omusaayi mu bujjuvu.
2. Okufuuwa amazzi g’ekidiba agalimu chlorinated n’ebisasiro¶
Abaana oba abantu abakulu abagwa mu luggya ku mabbali g’ekidiba ekigwa batera okussa mu kamwa k’amazzi agalimu ekirungo kya klorini ekingi nga gatabuddwamu butto w’okusengejja ettaka erya diatomaceous earth (DE), omusenyu ogusengejja, omuddo, n’ebitosi:
- Omuntu bw’aba taddamu ate nga tassa bulungi: Tandika CPR amangu ago, okutandika n’okussa okutaasa singa otendekebwa (oba okunyigiriza ekifuba obutasalako ku 100 ku 120 buli ddakiika okutuuka mu buziba bwa sentimita 5 ku 6 / yinsi 2 ku 2.4 eri omuntu omukulu) ate ng’omuntu omulala akubira essimu ey’amangu. Laba ebyaffe okubbira mu mazzi ekitabo ekilungamya obujjanjabi obusookerwako.
- Weegendereze obuzibu bw’okussa obulwawo (obuvune bw’amawuggwe obw’okubiri): Omwana oba omuwuzi ne bw’atambula ng’asesema n’alabika bulungi oluvannyuma lw’okusesema amayengo, eddagala ly’ekidiba erifuumuulwa, emikutu gy’okusengejja, oba amazzi amakyafu mu luggya gasobola okunyiiza ennywanto mu ssaawa 2 ku 24 eziddako. Noonya omusawo okwekebejjebwa mu bwangu mu kitongole ky’abalwadde ab’amangu singa omuntu oyo afuna okusesema okutambula, okussa amangu oba okutono, okuwunya, okulumwa mu kifuba, okukoowa okutali kwa bulijjo, oba emimwa egya bbululu.
Obubonero obulabula nga tonnagwa: Engeri y’okulaba ekidiba ekigenda okugwa nga tekinnakutuka¶
Ebidiba ebiri waggulu w’ettaka kumpi tebirema nga tebirina we biva. Mu kugwa kw’ebizimbe okusinga obungi okwanoonyezebwa bayinginiya b’ebizimbe n’akakiiko ka Amerika akavunaanyizibwa ku by’okwerinda kw’ebintu ebikozesebwa (CPSC), obubonero obulabika obw’okulabula obw’ebyuma bwaliwo okumala ennaku, wiiki, oba emyezi ng’okukutuka okusembayo.
| Akabonero k’okulabula nga bukyali | Okulemererwa kw’ebyuma okusibukako | Obulabe bw’okugwa okw’akatyabaga okw’amangu | Ekyetaagisa Okukola mu bwangu |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ebizimba by’obusagwa, ebyuma ebikutuka, oba ebinnya bya ppini ebikaaba wansi sentimita 15 (6 in) ku bbugwe w’ekyuma | Okukulukuta okw’omunda n’okw’ebweru (okwanguyirwa ebyuma ebikola omunnyo chlorine oba amazzi aga asidi) kulidde okuyita mu buwanvu bw’ekyuma ekizimbibwa awali puleesa y’amazzi (hydrostatic pressure). | Esukkiridde (Okusumulula zipu okumpi) | Buli muntu mukuume ebweru w’ekidiba n’oluggya mu bwangu; tandika okufulumya amazzi agafugibwa mu bwangu wansi okutuuka ku sentimita 30 (12 in) nga omusono ogufuuse enfuufu tegunnayawukana wansi w’omugugu. |
| Omusono gwa bulooti ogwesimbye (ebbaala y’okuggalawo) nga gufukamira ebweru oba emitwe gya bulooti egibula/egisala | Okusika kwa hoop kwonna okwa bbugwe ow’enkulungo kubeera ku lunyiriri olwesimbye olwa bulooti 20 ku 30. Oluvannyuma lw’okubuuka obuuma bubiri oba busatu obukulukuta, obuuma obusigaddewo busala mu ngeri ya zipu ey’enjegere mu sikonda ntono. | Esukkiridde (Sekondi okutuuka ku ssaawa) | Semuka ekidiba n’oluggya olukyetoolodde mu bwangu; tokwata oba tonyweza bulooti ng’ojjudde; fulumya amazzi mu kidiba amangu ddala ng’oyita mu sifoni oba layini ya kasasiro wa ppampu eteekeddwa wala. |
| Bbugwe w’ekidiba atali mu ddaala nga sentimita ezisukka mu 5 (2 in) okuva ku ludda olumu okutuuka ku lulala | Okusenga ku ttaka, ebinnya bya gopher/mole, oba okukulukuta kwa layini empola kunaaze omusingi gw’omusenyu/ettaka ogunywezeddwa ku ludda olwa wansi, ne gukyusa enkumi n’enkumi za kkiro z’okusika okw’ebbali ku bipande bya bbugwe ebikka wansi n’ebiyimiridde. | Waggulu (Okuzimba okugenda mu maaso) | Yimirira okuwuga kwonna amangu ddala (okubuuka oba okutambula kw’amayengo kuyinza okuleetawo okuwuga okusembayo); fulumya amazzi gonna mu kidiba era oddemu okugereka omusingi gw’ettaka erya virgin nga tonnaddamu kujjuza. |
| Eggaali y'omukka ey'olutindo olwa wansi egobeddwa oba ekisenge ky'ekyuma ekibumbulukuka ebweru wansi w'olutimbe olwa wansi | Frost heave, ground washout, oba okuteekebwa mu ngeri etali ntuufu kyasobozesanga wansi ku bbugwe w’ekyuma okuseerera okuva mu curved retain track, ne wasigalawo vinyl liner ennyimpi yokka ekwata puleesa eya wansi. | Esukkiridde (Okufuuwa amangu) | Gogola ekifo eky’obukuumi ekya mmita 15 (fuuti 50) ku ludda olubumbulukuka; tandika okufulumya amazzi agafugibwa amangu okuva ku ludda olulala olw’ekidiba. |
| Vinyl liner eggyiddwa mu coping bead eya waggulu oba empapula ezigoloddwa nga zigonvu ku bwereere | Singa ejjinja erisongovu, ekikolo oba ekiwuka kifumita vinyl egoloddwa we kiziba ekituli ekitali kiwaniriddwa mu musenyu gw’omu cove, amaziga gasaasaana amangu ago mu bugazi bwonna obw’omu layini. | Wagulu (Liner blowout amataba) | Togezaako kusika oba kuzza layini kugizzaamu ng’ejjudde amazzi; wansi amazzi waakiri ebitundu 50 ku 70 ku buli 100 nga tonnaba kugezaako kulongoosa liner yonna. |
| Amagulu g’ekidiba aga soft-sided / tubular frame nga geesigamye okusukka diguli 10 oba horizontal top beam bending | Ettaka erigonvu oluvannyuma lw’enkuba ey’amaanyi lisobozesezza ebikondo by’amagulu ebyesimbye ssekinnoomu ku ludda olumu okubbira mu bitoomi, ne biwuuba amazzi gonna okudda ku ludda olubbira. | Wagulu (Rollover amataba amayengo) | Abaana bakuume nga tebali mu kidiba era nga bava ku ludda olwa wansi; fulumya amazzi mu kidiba wansi okutuuka ku sentimita 30 (12 in) era oteekemu ebipande by’oluggya ebya seminti omugumu nga bikwatagana n’ettaka wansi wa buli kigere ekyesimbye. |
Warning
Jenereta za chlorine ez’amazzi g’omunnyo (SWGs) eziteekebwa ku bidiba eby’ekyuma ekikoleddwa mu galvanized ebya bulijjo waggulu w’ettaka zanguya nnyo obusagwa obuva wansi mu bbugwe n’omusono gwa ‘bolt-seam’ kubanga okufuuwa sodium chloride okutambula obutasalako kulumba okukunya kwonna okutono mu kizigo kya zinki. Bw’oba okozesa enkola y’amazzi g’omunnyo ku kidiba ekiriko bbugwe ow’ekyuma ekitali kya yinginiya mu ngeri ey’enjawulo okuva mu bipande bya resin, aluminiyamu oba ekyuma ekitali kizimbulukuse ebitundu 100 ku 100, kebera olutindo olwa wansi olw’ebweru n’ebbaala ya bulooti eyeesimbye n’ettaala buli wiiki emu.
Engeri y’okukolamu okufulumya amazzi agafugibwa mu bwangu nga bbugwe w’ekidiba akulukuta oba ng’afuuse enfuufu¶
Bw’olaba ekisenge ekibumbulukuka, omusono gwa bowing bolt, okugulu kwa fuleemu okubbira, oba ekizimba ky’obusagwa obusaasaana nga ekidiba tekinnakutuka, olina okumalawo puleesa y’amazzi amangu ddala ng’okkakkanya ku mutindo gw’amazzi. Olw’okuba puleesa y’amazzi yeeyongera mu layini n’obuziba (\(P = \rho g h\)), okufulumya amazzi ebitundu 50 ku buli 100 eby’okungulu byokka eby’obuziba bw’ekidiba kikendeeza ku maanyi gonna ag’ebweru ku bbugwe eyeesimbye ebitundu 75 ku buli 100.
Amateeka agafuga okufulumya amazzi mu bwangu mu ngeri ey’obukuumi¶
- Sooka ogogole ekitundu ekigwa: Teekawo ekifo ekikakali ekitaliimu kuyingira ku ludda olubumbulukuka oba olukka olw’ekidiba oluwanvuwa waakiri mita 15 (fuuti 50) wansi w’omugga. Toyimirirangako ku ludda lw’ekidiba olunafuye okussaako hoosi.
- Tofulumyangako mazzi mu kidiba ekiri waggulu w’ettaka nga bikaludde ddala mu mpewo ey’amaanyi: Bw’omala okukkakkanya amazzi okutuuka ku sentimita 30 ku 45 (yinsi 12 ku 18) waggulu wansi, akabi k’okugwa okw’amangu kaggwaawo. Amazzi ago aga wansi galeke sentimita 30 (yinsi 12) munda mu kidiba okutuusa lw’onoomala okugamenya; ekidiba ekiri waggulu w’ettaka ekiriko bbugwe ow’ekyuma ekyerere ddala tekirina bugumu bwa munda era kijja kuzinga munda nga bbaasa mu mpewo ya kiromita 30 buli ssaawa, kisika wansi ddeeke ezigattibwako oba okulumya abakozi.
- Tosuula liita za mazzi nkumi na nkumi ku musingi gwo oba ku muliraanwa wo oba ku kifo we bafulumya amazzi amakyafu: Okuyiwa liita 40,000 (ggaloni 10,500) ez’amazzi ku muddo oguli okumpi n’ennyumba yo okumala essaawa 4 kijja kujjuza ekifo eky’emabega w’omusingi, kugwa ku bisenge bya basement, oba okubooga enkola y’amazzi amakyafu. Lambula hoosi yo ey’okufulumya amazzi okutuukira ddala ku mudumu gw’oku luguudo oba ekifo ekiragiddwa eky’okufulumya amazzi ekigenda okuva ku bizimbe byonna.
- Kozesa ppampu ya utility enywera mu mazzi oba garden-hose gravity siphon okuva ku ludda olutaliiko bulabe:
- Bw'oba okozesa ensengeka ya pool filter eya "WASTE" oba "BACKWASH": Jjukira nti ekiwujjo ky'oku bbugwe w'ekidiba kituula sentimita 15 zokka (yinsi 6) wansi w'omumwa ogw'okungulu. Amazzi bwe gamala okukka wansi w’akamwa ka skimmer aka pulasitiika, ppampu enkulu ejja kunuuna empewo, efiirwa prime, era eyokya motor yaayo mu ddakiika ntono. Ggalawo ekimenya ffilta y’ekidiba amangu ddala ng’amazzi tegannatuuka wansi w’akamwa ka skimmer.
- Suula ppampu ya sump enywera wansi mu makkati g’ekidiba okuva ku ludda olulinnya/olutaliiko kamogo: Teeka hoosi efulumya amazzi eya sentimita 3.8 ku 5 (yinsi 1.5 ku 2) egenda ku kkubo ly’oku luguudo, ssaako ppampu mu kifo ekifuluma nga kikuumibwa GFCI/RCD okuva ku kidiba, era wansi amazzi sentimita 60 (yinsi 24).
- Bw’oba tolina ppampu enywera mu mazzi, tandika sifoni za garden-hose ssatu oba nnya: Nnyika hoosi y’olusuku yonna eriko enkokola munda mu kidiba okuva ku ludda olulinnya olutaliiko bulabe okutuusa ng’ebiwujjo by’empewo byonna bidduse, kwata engalo yo ensajja n’amaanyi ku nkomerero emu, ssika enkomerero eyo eriko enkokola wansi mu kkubo eriyingira mu mmotoka oba mu luggya okutuuka mu kifo ekiri wansi okusinga wansi w’ekidiba, era osumulule engalo yo ensajja. Hoosi nnya ez’omutindo ogwa mmita 16 (yinsi ⅝) ez’omu lusuku ezisiba omulundi gumu zijja kuggyawo liita nga 7,500 ku 9,500 (ggaloni 2,000 ku 2,500) buli ssaawa nga tezirina masannyalaze gonna.
Okuddukanya amazzi agakulukuta mu bwangu mu kidiba (okunaaba emabega mu butanwa, hoosi ya ffilta eyabutuka, oba vvaalu eyonoonese) .¶
Amataba gonna agava mu kidiba eky’emabega si gava ku kugwa kwa bbugwe okw’akatyabaga. Buli kiseera ky’obutiti, enkumi n’enkumi z’ebisenge ebya wansi n’ebiggya ebiriraanyewo bibooga nga vvaalu y’omusulo ey’emikutu mingi erekeddwa mu butanwa mu mbeera ya BACKWASH oba WASTE, hoosi edda mu PVC ekyukakyuka efuuwa okuva ku fitting yaayo ey’emiguwa nga ppampu ekola ku ssaawa ya otomatiki, oba pulagi efulumya amazzi wansi n’eremererwa ekiro kyonna.
Okuddamu omutendera ku mutendera ku mataba g’ekidiba agavugibwa ppampu oba nga gabutuka hoosi¶
- Ggala ppampu y’ekidiba ku circuit breaker ey’omunda (si switch ey’ebweru ennyogovu): Singa hoosi edda efuuwa ekyuma ekisengejja oba ppampu efuuyira amazzi okuyita mu paadi y’ebyuma, bbokisi y’obudde ey’ebweru ne switch ya ppampu biba binnyika nnyo. Genda ku kipande ky’ekyuma ekimenya amasannyalaze eky’omunda okyuse ekimenya ppampu y’ekidiba ku OFF.
- Ggalawo skimmer era ozzeeyo shutoff valves (oba okusiba ports okuva munda mu pool):
- Ne bw’omala okuggyako mmotoka ya ppampu, amazzi gajja kusigala nga gayiwa okuva mu hoosi ya ffilta eyamenyese nga gayita mu gravity siphon kubanga ekyuma ekisengejja ne ppampu bituula wansi mita emu (fuuti 3.3) okusinga ku mazzi g’ekidiba.
- Bw’oba osobola okutuuka obulungi ku kidiba okuva ku ddeeke enkalu oba ku ludda olulinnya, kyusa vvaalu z’omupiira ez’obuveera oba vvaalu za slice wansi wa skimmer n’ozzaayo jet mu mbeera ya CLOSED.
- Singa ekidiba kyo tekiba na vvaalu eziggalawo (oba omubiri gwa vvaalu gwennyini ogwakutulwa ku bbugwe), tuukira munda mu kidiba okuva ku ggaali y’omukka ey’okungulu onyige pulagi y’okugaziya eya kapiira, omupiira gwa ttena oguzingiddwa mu kaveera, oba olugoye lw’okunaaba oluzingiddwa mu kinnya ekyekulungirivu eky’okuddayo ne wansi w’ekinnya ky’ekisero kya skimmer. Puleesa y’amazzi munda ejja kunuuna pulagi nnyo mu kinnya era ekomye okukulukuta amangu ago.
- Wabula amazzi agayimiridde okuva ku nzizi z'amadirisa g'omu ttaka n'emikutu gy'omukka egy'omusingi:
- Kozesa ebibbo by’obuveera, ensawo z’ettaka ly’ebiyungu oba omuddo, ebipande bya plywood ebinywezeddwa ne bulooka za seminti, oba kapeti ennyogovu ezizingiddwa okuzimba ekyuma ekikyusa amazzi mu ngeri ya V ey’ekiseera nga kilungamya amazzi okwetoloola enkoona z’ennyumba nga goolekedde ekkubo eriyingira mu nnyumba oba mu luguudo.
- Singa amazzi gabadde gakuŋŋaana dda mu nzizi z’amadirisa ag’omu ttaka, suula ppampu ey’amasannyalaze enywera mu mazzi mu luzzi lw’eddirisa erisinga obuziba ng’amazzi tegannalinnya waggulu ekimala okumenya endabirwamu. Laba ebyaffe sump pump okulemererwa mu mataba ekitabo ekilungamya enkola z’okupampagira bbaatule-backup ne siphon.
Olukalala lw’okukebera ebizimbe, ettaka, n’obutonde bw’ensi oluvannyuma lw’okugwa¶
Amataba bwe gamala okukulukuta era nga n’amasannyalaze gonna agagenda mu luggya ne mu kisenge ekya wansi gakakasiddwa, kebera ebintu byo n’ebizimbe ebiriraanyewo oba tebiriimu bizimbe bikwese nga tonnaleka muntu yenna kutambulira mu luggya.
- Kebera kondensa z’empewo, ppampu z’ebbugumu, n’ebipande by’oluggya ebya seminti okulaba oba ettaka linaazibwa: Okumenya ekidiba ku sipiidi ey’amaanyi kukulukuta ettaka ery’okungulu n’amayinja aga sentimita 15 ku 45 (yinsi 6 ku 18) wansi wa paadi za kondensa za HVAC ez’ebweru, ekivaako yuniti ya kompyuta enzito okuwuuba n’okusika firiigi y’ekikomo eya puleesa eya waggulu layini. Singa AC unit yo yeesigamye okusukka diguli 10, ggalawo AC breaker ku main panel nga layini ya copper enywezeddwa tennayatika.
- Kebera ebisenge ebikuuma ku nsozi ne layini z’olukomera oluliraanye: Enkumi n’enkumi za liita z’amazzi okunnyika amangu mu ttaka emabega w’embaawo, segmental block, oba retaining wall eyayiiriddwa-seminti ekubisaamu obuzito bw’ettaka ery’ebbali emabega wa bbugwe ebitundu 200 ku 300 ku buli 100. Weetegereze ebisenge ebiserengese, kkoosi za bulooka ezibumbulukuka, oba enjatika empya ez’okusika mu muddo waggulu w’omusenyu; laba ebyaffe retaining wall okulemererwa n’okugwa kw’oluggya ku lusozi omulagirizi.
- Kebera oba waliwo ebinnya ebibbira ku ttanka z’amazzi amakyafu, enzizi enkalu, n’emikutu gy’amasannyalaze: Okujjula amangu emikutu gy’amasannyalaze egy’amazzi agajjudde emabega mu ngeri etali nnywevu oba ennimiro z’amazzi amakyafu ezikaddiye kiyinza okuvaako ettaka okukka mu bwangu. Abaana bakuume wala n’ebifo byonna ebinyigirizibwa mu muddo ogujjudde.
- Kuuma oba okufukamira wansi ebyuma ebikutuse eby’amayinja amangu ddala: Bw’oyambala ggalavu z’okukola ez’amaliba amazito, engatto enzito, n’okukuuma amaaso, kwata oba bikka ku mbiriizi z’ebyuma ebisongovu ng’enviiri ezirabika ng’okozesa hoosi y’olusuku eya kapiira eyawuddwamu oba ttaapu enzito abaana b’oku muliraano, ebisolo by’omu nnyumba, oba abatereeza yinsuwa baleme kusalibwa.
- Flush salt-water oba heavy chlorine residue off sensitive plants and metal siding: Singa ekidiba kyo kyalimu 3,500 ppm ez’omunnyo (okuva mu jenereta y’amazzi g’omunnyo chlorine) oba nga gye buvuddeko kyalongoosebwa n’ekirungo kya calcium hypochlorite ekinene, okunaabisa wansi siding ya aluminiyamu, coils za HVAC ez’ebweru, n’ebitanda by’olusuku eby’omuwendo n’amazzi amayonjo okuva mu hoosi y’olusuku ettaka bwe limala okukulukuta kale ekikuta ky’omunnyo tekivunda biwaawaatiro by’ebyuma oba okwokya ebikoola by’ebimera.
- Wandiika ekifo we kiremye nga tonnasala oba okusuula bbugwe w’ekidiba: Kuba ebifaananyi ebitegeerekeka obulungi eby’okumpi eby’omusono gwa bulooti eyeesimbye eyawuddwamu, ekipande kya bbugwe ekya wansi ekifuuse enfuufu, oba layini ya vinyl eyakutuse, wamu n’ebifaananyi ebigazi eby’ekkubo ly’amazzi n’okwonooneka kw’ebintu, eri bannannyini mayumba n’ebiwandiiko bya yinsuwa y’obuvunaanyizibwa.
Tip
Bw’oba oyagala okuyiga obukugu mu kuziyiza omusaayi mu ngalo, CPR, n’okutaasa amazzi nga embeera ey’amangu tennabaawo, kwata omusomo ogukkirizibwa ogw’obujjanjabi obusookerwako n’obukuumi bw’amazzi ng’oyita mu American Red Cross, St John Ambulance, Royal Life Saving Society, oba ekibiina kyo eky’omusalaba omumyufu oba Red Crescent mu ggwanga lyo.
Ebibuuzo ebitera okubuuzibwa¶
Can an above-ground swimming pool really cause serious flooding or structural damage if the wall bursts?
Yes, a typical 5.5-to-7.3-meter (18-to-24-foot) round above-ground pool holds 30,000 to 55,000 liters (8,000 to 14,500 gallons) of water weighing 30 to 55 metric tons (66,000 to 121,000 pounds). When a corroded steel wall panel or bolt seam splits, the entire volume releases in under 60 seconds as a 0.6-to-1-meter-deep (2-to-3.3-foot-deep) flash flood wave that can shatter basement egress windows, flood below-grade rooms, knock down wooden fences, shift parked vehicles, and sweep children across the yard.
What should I do if I see rust holes or a bulge near the bottom of my above-ground pool wall?
Keep all people and pets out of the pool and at least 15 meters (50 feet) away from the rusted or bulging side immediately, as the steel wall can unzip along the rust line without further warning. Never try to brace a bulging wall with straps or boards; instead, lower the water level immediately using a submersible pump or garden-hose gravity siphons placed from the safe uphill side until only 30 centimeters (12 inches) of water remains, which removes the outward hydrostatic pressure so the pool can be safely dismantled.
Why should you never drain a steel-wall above-ground pool completely dry during an emergency?
A hard-sided above-ground pool relies on the outward pressure of the water inside it to hold the thin circular sheet-metal wall upright and rigid. If you drain 100 percent of the water out, even a moderate 25-to-35-kilometer-per-hour (15-to-22-mile-per-hour) wind will blow the empty steel shell inward like a soda can and cause the vinyl liner to shrink and crack; always leave 30 to 45 centimeters (12 to 18 inches) of water in the bottom until you are actively taking the metal wall down.
Does homeowners insurance cover damage from an above-ground pool collapse?
Coverage depends heavily on your specific policy language and jurisdiction, as many standard homeowners policies distinguish between sudden accidental tearing apart of a system and gradual neglect from visible rust or earth movement. If a sudden pool collapse floods a neighbor's basement or damages their fence, your personal liability coverage may apply, whereas damage to the pool structure itself or your own basement often requires a specific pool or water-backup endorsement; photograph the exact failure seam immediately before cleanup and contact your insurer promptly.
Ensonda zeekebeddwa¶
- Akakiiko k’obukuumi bw’ebintu ebikozesebwa mu Amerika (CPSC, Amerika): Okulabula ku bukuumi bw’ebizimbe by’ekidiba waggulu w’ettaka, okujjukira ebidiba mu fuleemu, n’ebiragiro ebikwata ku kuziyiza okubbira mu mazzi mu maka.
- Ekibiina ekikuuma omuliro mu ggwanga (NFPA, Amerika): NFPA 70 National Electrical Code (NEC) Ennyingo 680: Ebidiba ebiwugirwamu, ensulo, n’ebifo ebifaananako bwe bityo (Ebyetaagisa mu Bonding ne GFCI).
- Ekitongole kya Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA, Amerika): Ekitabo kya nnannyini maka ku Retrofitting, Basement Window Well Hydrostatic Loads, n’okukuuma amataba mu bitundutundu.
- Pool & Hot Tub Alliance (PHTA / ANSI, United States): Omutindo gwa ANSI/PHTA/ICC-4 ogw’ebidiba ebiwugirwamu eby’okusula waggulu/ku ttaka (Emigugu egy’enzimba, okugumiikiriza okutereeza, n’obukuumi bw’amazzi).
- American Red Cross and International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC): Ebiragiro by’obujjanjabi obusookerwako ku kuvaamu omusaayi ogw’amaanyi ebweru, okusiiga tourniquet, n’okuzuukusa abantu nga babbira mu mazzi.
Ebiragiro ebikwatagana nabyo¶
- Okusiba omudumu gw’ekidiba ekiwugirwamu n’okubbira mu mazzi ng’amasannyalaze gakubiddwa
- Eddagala ly’ekidiba ekiwugirwamu n’okuddaabiriza embeera ez’amangu
- Ekisenge ekya wansi ekijjudde amazzi: obulabe bw’amasannyalaze n’okupampagira
- Waterbed oba aquarium ennene okukutuka n’amataba ku mwaliiro ogwa waggulu
- Retaining wall okulemererwa n’okugwa kw’oluggya ku lusozi
- Dayirekita y’ennamba ez’amangu