Emergency Sanitation and Safe Toilet Setup When Sewer and Water Systems Fail¶

When a major earthquake cracks underground clay sewer mains, a flood submerges municipal wastewater lift stations, or a prolonged blackout stops residential water pumps, standard flush toilets become unusable within hours. History shows that following a catastrophic disaster, waterborne and fecal-oral pathogens, including Vibrio cholerae, Shigella, Salmonella, pathogenic Escherichia coli, norovirus, and hepatitis A, sicken and kill more survivors than the initial storm or tremor if human waste is not contained immediately. Knowing when you can pour-flush a toilet versus when you must shut it down, how to assemble an odorless Twin-Bucket Urine-Diverting Toilet, and how to sanitize hands and menstrual or diaper waste without running water keeps your household disease-free.

Kino kikole kati¶

1. Never flush your toilet (even with a bucket of water) if sewer lines are cracked, flooded, or backed up. After an earthquake, hurricane storm surge, or neighborhood flood, underground sewer mains and electric sewage lift stations frequently fail. Flushing wastes 6 liters (1.6 gallons) of water and forces raw sewage to back up out of your own basement floor drains or into your downstairs neighbors' bathtubs.
2. Convert your dry porcelain toilet bowl or two 19-liter (5-gallon) buckets into a dry lined toilet immediately. Turn off the water supply valve behind your toilet, flush once to empty the bowl and tank, lift the toilet seat, drape two nested heavy-duty 30-to-50-liter (8-to-13-gallon) trash bags (at least 1.5 mil / 38 microns thick) inside the dry bowl, and lower the seat over the bag edges.
3. Separate liquid urine from solid feces ("Pee in Bucket 1, Poo in Bucket 2"). When urine and feces mix inside a plastic bag or bucket, anaerobic bacteria immediately break down urea into pungent ammonia and hydrogen sulfide gas, creating a heavy, sloshing, foul-smelling liquid hazard. Keeping liquid urine in a separate jug or bucket from solid feces eliminates 90% of toilet odors and reduces solid waste bag weight by 80%.
4. Cover solid waste after every single use with a dry carbon cover material (never leave feces exposed). Scoop 250 to 500 milliliters (1 to 2 cups) of compressed pine sawdust pellets, wood shavings, coco coir (coconut peat), peat moss, or unscented kitty litter over solid waste each time someone uses the toilet to desiccate moisture, block flies, and smother odors.
5. Plug basement floor drains and ground-floor toilets if you hear gurgling during a flood. If municipal storm sewers surcharge, raw neighborhood sewage can reverse direction and fountain out of your lowest drain traps. Stuff a thick rag wrapped in a plastic bag (or thread an expandable rubber plumbing test plug) into basement shower and floor drains, and weigh down a flat board over the lowest toilet trap.
6. Set up a dedicated "Tippy-Tap" or two-basin handwashing station right outside the bathroom door. Because alcohol hand sanitizer does not reliably kill norovirus or Clostridioides difficile (C. diff) spores and cannot remove physical fecal soil from skin, provide a soap-and-water handwashing spigot using diluted bleach rinse water (50 ppm) alongside 60% to 80% alcohol hand rub.

flowchart TD
    WaterOut["Tap Water Pressure Lost or Sewer Advisory Issued"] --> SewerCheck{"Is the Underground Sewer Pipe Intact and Unflooded?"}
    SewerCheck -->|Yes: Short Power Outage Only, No Quake or Flood| GreyFlush{"Do You Have Abundant Non-Potable Greywater (Pool, Rain, Creek)?"}
    GreyFlush -->|Yes| PourFlush["Pour-Flush Directly Into Toilet Bowl (Never Use Drinking Water)"]
    GreyFlush -->|No: Conserve Water| DryLine["Shut Off Toilet Valve, Drain Bowl, Convert to Dry Lined Toilet"]
    SewerCheck -->|No or Unknown: Earthquake, Flood, Surge, or High-Rise Stack| StopFlush["DO NOT FLUSH: Plug Lowest Drains to Prevent Raw Sewage Backflow"]
    StopFlush --> TwinBucket["Set Up Twin-Bucket Toilet System (Bucket 1: Urine / Bucket 2: Solids)"]
    DryLine --> TwinBucket
    TwinBucket --> CoverMat["Cover Solids With 1 to 2 Cups Pine Sawdust, Coco Coir, or Kitty Litter"]
    CoverMat --> SealBag["Double-Bag, Expel Air, Goose-Neck Tape Seal, Store in Animal-Proof Bin Outdoors"]

Decision rule: when you can "pour-flush" vs. when you must go 100% dry¶

Many people assume that during any water outage, you can simply carry a bucket of swimming pool water or rainwater into the bathroom and pour it into the toilet bowl to flush. While pour-flushing works mechanically (pouring 4 to 6 liters / 1 to 1.5 gallons of water briskly into the bowl creates the siphon needed to clear the trap without filling the upper tank), doing so after certain disasters causes a severe biohazard inside your home.

Engeri y'okuzimba n'okuddukanya kaabuyonjo ey'amangu eya Twin-Bucket (Oregon RDNA / PHLUSH Standard)¶

Bayinginiya b’ebyobulamu mu PHLUSH (Public Hygiene Lets Us Stay Human), Oregon Office of Emergency Management, New Zealand National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA), ne World Health Organization (WHO) bateesa ku Two-Bucket Urine-Diverting Dry Toilet ng’enkola y’obuyonjo esinga obukuumi, ennyonjo etali ya mudumu eri ebibuga n’... amaka agali mu bibuga ebiriraanye ebibuga.

Lwaki ekibbo kimu kiremererwa ate ebibbo bibiri ne bituuka ku buwanguzi¶

Omuntu omukulu omulamu obulungi akola liita nga 1.2 ku 1.5 (40 ku 50 fluid ounces) ez’omusulo ogw’amazzi buli lunaku, nga mu budde obutuufu tegulina buwuka oba nga tegulina buwuka bungi nnyo era nga gulimu ebitundu 95% eby’amazzi, urea, n’eminnyo egy’eby’obutonde. Okwawukana ku ekyo, omuntu omukulu akola 150 ku 250 grams zokka (5 ku 9 ounces, nga bunene bwa kikopo kimu) ez’omusulo omukalu** buli lunaku, ogulimu obuwumbi n’obuwumbi bwa bakitiriya, akawuka, n’ebizimba ebiyitibwa protozoan cysts. - Bw’otabula omusulo n’omusulo mu baketi emu: Enziyiza urease eri mu bakitiriya b’omusulo ekolagana ne urea ali mu musulo, n’efulumya ebire bya ggaasi wa ammonia ate nga buli lunaku ekola liita 10 (ggaloni 2.6) ez’amazzi amakyafu amazito, aga sloshing, agasiiga eri amaka g’abantu bana agakutula ensawo za kasasiro era nga tesobola kuteekebwa mu kasasiro wa munisipaali. - Bw’oyawula omusulo (Bucket 1) ku musulo (Bucket 2): Omusulo guwunya bulungi nga gukuumiddwa nga gwawuddwamu era gusobola okufuumuulwa oba okusuulibwa mu ngeri ennyangu, ate omusulo omugumu oguziikiddwa wansi w’obusa bwa kaboni obukalu gukala mangu, guwunya ng’omuddo gw’ekibira omunnyogovu, era guzitowa kkiro emu (2.2 pounds) buli lunaku eri amaka gonna.

Okukuŋŋaanya Kaabuyonjo ya Twin-Bucket mu mitendera¶

Kuŋŋaanya ebintu bino eby’ebbeeyi entono leero obitereke nga bikutte wamu munda mu galagi yo oba mu kabokisi k’ekisenge: 1. Buckets bbiri eza HDPE eza liita 19 (ggaloni 5) eza mutindo gw’emmere oba ez’edduuka ly’ebikozesebwa (obuwanvu nga sentimita 37 / yinsi 14.5, ezikwatagana n’obuwanvu bwa kaabuyonjo y’amayumba eya bulijjo). Ekibbo ekisooka ssaako akabonero "BUCKET 1: URINE ONLY (LIQUID)" ate ku baketi eyookubiri "BUCKET 2: SOLIDS & PAPER ONLY." 2. Ekibikka ku ntebe ya kaabuyonjo ey’amangu ey’akaveera emu (kisangibwa mu dduuka lyonna erya camping oba hardware ku ddoola 10 okutuuka ku ddoola 15), oba zimba waggulu w’entebe ng’okozesa split foam pipe-insulation noodle esika ku rim ya Bucket 2. 3. Ensawo za bucket liner ezikola emirimu emizito ku Bucket 2 (Solids): Sitereka omuzingo gw’ensawo za kasasiro za liita 30 ku 50 (ggaloni 8 ku 13) eza kontulakiti (waakiri 1.5 ku 2.0 mil / 38 ku 50 microns obuwanvu) oba ezikakasibwa ASTM D6400 compostable bio-bags ezirimu an paadi ya gel enyiga (nga Double Doodie oba WAG Bags). Tokozesangako buveera bugonvu obw’omu dduuka ly’emmere, nga bulimu ebituli bya ppini ebikulukuta mu bitundu byabwe ebya wansi. 4. Dry Carbon Cover Material ("Bio-Absorbent"): Store one 18-kilogram (40-pound) bag of compressed pine wood stove pellets / horse bedding pellets (costing around $7 at any hardware or farm store), untreated kiln-dried wood shavings, coco coir bricks, peat moss, or unscented clumping cat litter alongside a dedicated plastic scoop.

How to use the Twin-Bucket System after every bathroom visit¶

• Ku Bucket 1 (Musulo gwokka, Tewali nsawo ya Liner):
• Yiwa mililita 250 (ekikopo 1) ez’amazzi ne mililita 15 (ekijiiko 1) eza vinegar omweru oba amafuta g’enva endiirwa wansi mu baketi y’omusulo ey’akaveera akataliiko kintu kyonna (oba kozesa ekibbo ky’amazzi ekya liita 20 / ggaloni 5 nga kiriko sikulaapu waggulu nga kiriko ekyuma ekigazi). Ekitundu ekigonvu eky’amafuta g’enva endiirwa kitengejja waggulu ku musulo, ne kikola ekiziyiza omukka ogw’amazzi ekiziyiza empewo okukwata akawoowo k’omusulo munda mu baketi, ate vinegar omweru akendeeza ku pH okuyimiriza okukola ammonia.
• Tosuula to kusuula mpapula za kaabuyonjo ezikozesebwa mu baketi y'omusulo; suula kaabuyonjo zonna ezikozesebwa mu Bucket 2 (Solids) oba mu kasasiro ow’enjawulo omuli layini olwo omusulo ogw’amazzi gusobole okuyiwa obulungi nga teguzibye.
• Sumulula ekibbo ky’omusulo omulundi gumu olunaku (laba amateeka g’okusuula omusulo wansi) era onaabe n’amazzi ga bleach agafumbiddwa 1:10.
• Ku Bucket 2 (Ebikalu & Toilet Paper, Ebiri mu nsawo bbiri):
• Layini Bucket 2 ne ensawo bbiri eziriko ebisu era omansira sentimita 5 (yinsi 2) cushion layer ey’obusa bwa payini obukalu, obukuta bw’enku obugaziyiziddwa, oba coco coir okubuna wansi w’ensawo ey’omunda nga tonnasooka kugikozesa.
• Oluvannyuma lw’okufulumya omusulo, suula empapula za kaabuyonjo ezikozesebwa mu Bucket 2 era amangu ago obikkeko kasasiro yenna alabika n’empapula n’ebikopo 1 ku 2 (mililita 250 ku 500) eby’ebintu ebibikka kaboni omukalu okutuusa nga tewali kirabika.
• Ggala bulungi ekibikka kya kaabuyonjo ekikwata ku ssimu okusobola okukuuma ensekere.

Okugerageranya ebintu ebikalu ebibikka n’eddagala erizimba¶

Okutereka kasasiro w’abantu mu ngeri ennungi ey’ekiseera n’okusuula okusembayo¶

Ensawo yo eya kasasiro omukalu mu Bucket 2 bw’emala okujjula ekitundu ku bibiri ku bisatu (tojjuzangako nsawo okutuuka ku bbali, oba ejja kuba nzito nnyo okusiba era eyinza okukutuka), ggyawo ogitereke ng’okozesa Goose-Neck Double-Bag Seal: 1. Yambala ggalavu za nitrile ezikozesebwa omulundi gumu. 2. Mansira ekikopo 2 ekisembayo eky’obusa obukalu oba kasasiro wa kitty waggulu ku kasasiro. 3. Kuŋŋaanya ensingo y'ensawo ey'omunda, onyige mpola okuva ebweru okugoba empewo eyitiridde (nga tossa kumpi n'ekifo ekiggule), kyusa waggulu w'ensawo n'ogifuula ey'ekyekulungirivu, zinga omukira ogwakyusiddwa ku gwo mu ngeri ya U-turn (the "goose-neck"), era ogizinge bulungi ne duct tape oba zip tie enzito. 4. Siba ensawo eyookubiri ey’ebweru ng’okozesa enkola y’emu ddala eya goose-neck twist and tape. 5. Teeka ensawo ey’emirundi ebiri essiddwako ssimu munda mu kifo ekyetongodde ekiziyiza ebisolo, ekiriko ebibikka ebinywevu eby’ebweru oba ekipipa kya kasasiro eky’obuveera ekizito ekya liita 120 (ggaloni 32) nga kisiigiddwa langi oba nga kiwandiikiddwa bulungi nga kiriko okulabula nti "KASASIRO w’ABANTU: BIOHAZARD, TOTATABULA N’OKUDDAMU." Ekibbo kino kikuume mu kisiikirize emabega w’ekikomera ekikubiddwako kkufulu osobole okubula embwa, envunza, enseenene, n’abaana tebasobola kumenya nsawo.

Engeri y’okusuula omusulo n’ebintu ebikalu ebiri mu nsawo mu kiseera ky’obuzibu n’oluvannyuma lw’obuzibu¶

• Okusuula omusulo ogw'amazzi (Bucket 1):
• Bw’oba olina oluggya oba olusuku: Fuula omusulo 5:1 oba 10:1 n’amazzi enzirugavu (oba oyiwe nga tegufukiddwa mu kukyukakyuka) ku muddo ogw’omuddo ogw’okwewunda, ebisaka ebitali bya kulya, ebitanda ebiriko amayinja, oba okwetooloola layini y’amatondo g’emiti emikulu waakiri mita 30 (fuuti 100) okuva ku luzzi lwonna, omugga, ekidiba, oba ekidiba olusuku. Bakitiriya ezifuula ettaka nitrifying zikyusa mangu urea okufuuka nayitrojeni y’ebimera awatali bulabe eri obulamu bw’abantu.
• Bw’oba ​​obeera mu muzigo ogw’omwaliiro ogwa waggulu nga teguliiko luggya: Singa payipu y’amazzi agakulukuta mu kizimbe eyeesimbye ekakasiddwa nti teyonoonese era nga terimu mataba ku myaliiro egya wansi, yiwa omusulo ogw’amazzi wansi mu sinki oba mu bbaafu n’ogobererwa liita emu ey’amazzi enzirugavu okugogola omutego gwa P; singa omusulo gw’emyala gw’ekizimbe guba gumenyese oba nga gukubiddwa emabega, tereka omusulo mu bidomola by’obuveera ebisibiddwa oba gugunyweze n’obuwunga bwa sodium polyacrylate gel obunyiga ennyo.
• Okusuula omusulo omugumu (Bucket 2 bags):
• Linda ebiragiro bya munisipaali eby’okukung’aanya kasasiro mu bwangu: Mu bibuga n’ebitundu ebiriraanye ebibuga, kuuma kasasiro omukalu ow’ensawo bbiri munda mu kifo kyo eky’ebweru ekirimu layini okutuusa ng’ekitongole kyo ekya munisipaali kirangirira oba ensawo za kaabuyonjo ez’amangu ez’ensawo bbiri ziyinza okuteekebwa mu loole ezikung’aanya kasasiro eza bulijjo (ebifo ebisinga eby’obuyonjo bikkiriza kasasiro ow’ensawo bbiri n’omusulo gw’ebisolo by’omu nnyumba wansi w’okusonyiyibwa okw’amangu) oba okukung’aanyizibwa ku ebifo ebyetongodde eby’okusuula kasasiro w’ebiramu eby’omu kitundu.
• Okuziika omukutu ogw’amangu mu byalo (Bw’oba ng’olina ettaka ly’omu byalo era ng’okukung’aanya kwa munisipaali kuyimiriziddwa okumala ebbanga eddene): Bw’oba obeera ku kibanja ky’omu byalo era ng’olina okuziika kasasiro omukalu mu kiseera ky’akatyabaga akawanvu, sima omukutu omufunda obuziba bwa mita 0.6 ku 1 (fuuti 2 ku 3) ogusangibwa waakiri mita 60 mita (fuuti 200) wansi n’okuva ku luzzi lwonna lw’amazzi ag’okunywa, ensulo, omugga, ennyanja, oba olusuku lw’enva endiirwa, ne waggulu w’amazzi agali wansi w’ettaka aga sizoni. Suula kasasiro n’obusagwa obuvunda mu mudumu (toziika buveera okuggyako ng’olina engeri endala gy’oterekamu), buli kifo we kitereke kibikke mangu n’ettaka erinywezeddwa sentimita 15 (yinsi 6), era obike omukutu n’ettaka erinywezeddwa sentimita 45 (yinsi 18) oluvannyuma lw’okutuuka mu sentimita 45 okuva ku kungulu.

Okunaaba mu ngalo n’obuyonjo bw’omuntu nga tewali mazzi ga ttaapu¶

Mu kiseera ky’embeera ey’amangu ey’obuyonjo, emikono gyo gye gisinga okutwala obuwuka obuleeta endwadde z’omusulo obutonotono okutuuka mu kamwa ko, amaaso go, n’emmere. Okusinziira ku kitongole kya Amerika ekivunaanyizibwa ku kulwanyisa endwadde (CDC) n’ekitongole ky’ebyobulamu mu nsi yonna (WHO), eddagala erirongoosa mu ngalo erikolebwa mu mwenge (60% ku 80% ethanol oba isopropanol) kikulu nnyo, naye omwenge jjeeri y’omu ngalo yokka teziyiza mu ngeri eyesigika akawuka k’omu lubuto akatali kazingiriddwa nga norovirus oba hepatitis A, tekatta obuwuka bwa bakitiriya, era kalemererwa ng’emikono giri nga kirabika kicaafu.

Engeri y'okuzimba ekifo eky'okunaaba mu ngalo ekikekkereza Two-Basin oba "Tippy-Tap" (Ekozesa mL 50 zokka buli kunaaba)¶

Okunaaba mu ngalo wansi wa ttaapu y’ekinabiro eya bulijjo eddukira kiyonoona liita 4 ku 8 (ggaloni emu ku bbiri) ez’amazzi buli lw’onaaba. Mu kifo ky’ekyo, zimba ekifo ekiyitibwa gravity micro-flow station ekinaaba obulungi mu ngalo ng’okozesa amazzi agatakka wansi wa 50 ku 100 mililita (2 ku 3 fluid ounces): 1. The Pressurized Jug Spigot oba Poke-Hole Bottle: Ddira ekibbo ky’amazzi ekiyonjo ekya liita 4 ku 20 (ggaloni emu ku 5) nga kiriko spigot eya wansi, oba kwata akatuli akatono aka ppini aka milimita 2 okumpi n’omusingi ogwa wansi ogw’eccupa ya sooda eya liita bbiri ng’ejjudde amazzi agalongooseddwa. - Engeri akakodyo k’eccupa ya liita 2 gye kakola: Ekifundikwa kya sikulaapu eky’okungulu bwe kikyusibwakyusibwa kinywevu, empewo y’empewo ekwata amazzi munda ate amatondo ga zero ne gakulukuta okuva mu kinnya kya ppini ekya wansi. Bw’osumulula ekifundikwa eky’okungulu ng’okyuka kyakuna, omugga omugonvu ogutakyukakyuka ogw’amazzi gukulukuta okuva mu kinnya kya ppini ekya wansi osobole okufukirira n’okunaabisa emikono gyombi nga tokwata ku mukono gwa ttaapu omucaafu; nyweza enkoofiira okuyimiriza okukulukuta. 2. Oteekamu Chlorine 50 ppm mu mazzi go ag’okunaaba mu ngalo: Teekamu ekijiiko kya caayi ¼ (mililita 1.25, oba amatondo 25) eky’amazzi agataliimu kawoowo 5% ku 8.25% aga chlorine bleach ow’awaka buli liita 3.8 (1 US gallon) ag’amazzi amayonjo mu kibbo kyo eky’okunaaba mu ngalo. Kino kigonvu 50 ppm chlorine solution eyonja amazzi g’okunaaba era ayamba okutta obuwuka obuleeta endwadde ku ngulu nga onaaba awatali kunyiiza lususu lulamu. 3. Goberera 5-Step Emergency Handwash: Fulumya emikono n’okufuuwa okuva mu spigot, ggyako okukulukuta, okufuumuula n’amaanyi n’ebbaala oba ssabbuuni ow’amazzi okumala 20 full seconds (okusiimuula wansi w’enjala ne wakati w’engalo), okunaaba wansi w’omugga omugonvu mu baketi ekwata amazzi enzirugavu wansi, kale mu mpewo oba okalize n’olupapula lw’okozesa omulundi gumu towel (togabanangako katambaala ka lugoye akannyogovu mu ba famire mu kiseera amazzi nga gavuddeko, nga obutambaala obw’olugoye obugabana bwe busaasaanya norovirus mu maka gonna mu ssaawa), era omale n’eppampu ya 70% alcohol sanitizer.

Obuyonjo mu nsonga, obuwale bw’abaana, n’okunaaba omubiri gwonna nga tolina mazzi gakulukuta¶

• Obuyonjo mu nsonga nga amazzi gavuddeko: Tokozesa to kukozesa bikopo by’omu nsonga ebiddamu okukozesebwa oba paadi z’olugoye ezinaaba mu kiseera ky’okubuulirira amazzi agafumba oba ebbula ly’amazzi ery’amaanyi okuggyako ng’olina amazzi amangi agafumbe okufumba ekikopo kya silikoni okumala eddakiika 5 ku 10 wakati w’enzirukanya n’okusiimuula emikono obulungi nga tonnagiyingiza; okuyingiza ekikopo ekinaaziddwa mu mazzi ga ttaapu agafuuse amakyafu oba ng’olina okunaaba mu ngalo kireeta akabi ak’amaanyi ak’okukwatibwa obulwadde bw’omu kifuba oba obulwadde bw’okusannyalala kw’obutwa. Teeka ennaku 60 supply ya disposable unscented sanitary pads, baby wipes ezitaliimu kawoowo, n'obusawo obutono obutatangaavu obulimu zip-top disposal bags mu... ekintu eky’amangu.
• Diapers ezikozesebwa omulundi gumu ez’abaana n’abakulu ezitakwata bulungi: Nga tonnasuula diaper encaafu esuulibwa mu kasasiro wo ow’ebweru essiddwako, kankanya omusulo gwonna omugumu okuva ku diaper mu Bucket 2 (Solids) era obikkeko n’obusa, olwo oyiringisize diaper bulungi, onyweze tabs, era ogisibe munda mu nsawo y’omusulo obuwuka bw’omusulo ne bubeeramu. Laba abaana abawere n’abato abato mu mbeera ey’amangu go-bag n’enteekateeka y’okusengula abantu.
• The 250-Milliliter (1-Cup) Sponge Bath: Okuziyiza okusiiyibwa kw’olususu, okukwatibwa ffene, n’obulwadde bw’ebbugumu nga toyonoona mazzi, bbugumya 250 millilitres (1 cup) z’amazzi agafumbiddwa oba agalongooseddwa n’akatonnyeze k’okunaaba omubiri okutono (oba ssabbuuni wa castile atabuddwa) mu bbakuli. Kozesa engoye bbiri ennyonjo: emu ya maaso, ensingo, ekifuba, emikono, n’amagulu okusooka, n’oddako wansi w’emikono, ebigere, n’ekisambi, oba kozesa chlorhexidine oba aloe no-rinse hospital bathing wipes ezifukiddwa nga tezinnabaawo.

Olukalala lw’okukebera obuyonjo obw’amangu ne Twin-Bucket Toilet¶

Kuŋŋaanya era otereke ekintu kyo eky’obuyonjo bw’awaka munda mu baketi ebbiri ezirimu ebisu ebya liita 19 (ggaloni 5) leero:

• Buckets bbiri eza HDPE ezikola liita 19 (ggaloni 5) nga ziwandiikiddwa bulungi nti BUCKET 1: URINE ne BUCKET 2: SOLIDS.
• Ekibikka ekimu eky’entebe ya kaabuyonjo ey’amangu ekikwatibwako (nga kwogasse n’eccupa y’amafuta g’enva endiirwa oba vinegar omweru ku kkufulu y’omukka mu baketi y’omusulo).
• Emizingo ebiri egya liita 30 okutuuka ku 50 (ggaloni 8 ku 13) ezizitowa 1.5+ mil contractor trash bags nga kwogasse 12 pre-gelling WAG / Double Doodie toilet bags ez’emmotoka n’okusengula abantu.
• Ensawo emu eya kilo 18 (pawundi 40) ey’obukuta bw’enku za payini ezinyigirizibwa, ebikuta by’enku, oba amatoffaali 4 aga coco coir aganyigirizibwa nga mulimu ekiveera ekiweereddwayo.
• Omuzingo gumu ogwa duct tape eyakaayakana ne zipu ties enzito (okusiba wansi emikono gya kaabuyonjo egya porcelain n’okusiba ensawo za kasasiro ezijjudde mu bulago bwa goose).
• Pulaagi emu ey’okugezesa amazzi ga kapiira egaziyizibwa (yinsi 3 oba yinsi 4 / mm 75 oba mm 100) okuziba emidumu gy’amazzi wansi mu basement obutaddamu kukulukuta kwa myala ya munisipaali.
• Ebintu eby’obuyonjo ebisudde munda mu baketi: Emizingo gya kaabuyonjo egy’enjawulo 6 egyasibiddwa mu nsawo za Ziploc ezitayingiramu mazzi, bbokisi 1 eya ggalavu z’ebigezo eza nitrile 100, eccupa ennene 2 ez’eddagala erirongoosa mu ngalo erya 70%, ebbaala 2 eza ssabbuuni ezitta obuwuka/engo, pack 3 eza baby/body wipes ezitaliimu kawoowo, n’ebintu eby’ennaku 60 wa paadi z’omu nsonga ezikozesebwa omulundi gumu n’obuwale.

Ebibuuzo ebitera okubuuzibwa¶

Ensonda zeekebeddwa¶

• Ekitongole ky’ebyobulamu mu nsi yonna n’ekitongole ky’amazzi, yinginiya n’enkulaakulana (WHO / WEDC, International): Ebiwandiiko eby’ekikugu ku mazzi ag’okunywa, obuyonjo n’obuyonjo mu mbeera ez’amangu (Ebiragiro by’okusuula omusulo mu mbeera ez’amangu n’okunaaba mu ngalo).
• Obuyonjo bw’abantu butusobozesa okusigala nga tuli bantu ne Oregon Office of Emergency Management (PHLUSH / OEM, United States): Ekitabo kya kaabuyonjo ez’amangu eziriko ebibbo ebibiri: Obuyonjo obukalu obukyusa omusulo mu maka olw’obutyabaga bw’okuyigulukuka kw’ettaka n’amataba.
• Ebifo ebifuga n’okuziyiza endwadde (CDC, Amerika): Amazzi, obuyonjo, n’obuyonjo mu nsi yonna (WASH) mu mbeera ez’amangu, Okutondawo kaabuyonjo ey’amangu mu maka, ne Okunaaba mu ngalo n’obulungi bw’eddagala erirongoosa mu ngalo eriziyiza Norovirus.
• Ekitongole ky’eggwanga ekivunaanyizibwa ku mbeera ez’amangu ne ofiisi y’okuddukanya embeera ez’amangu mu kitundu kya Wellington (NEMA / WREMO, New Zealand): Okuteekawo kaabuyonjo ez’amangu ezimala ebbanga eddene ne baketi bbiri oluvannyuma lwa musisi.
• Ekitongole kya Amerika ekikuuma obutonde bw’ensi (EPA, Amerika): Enkola z’amazzi amakyafu n’emyala egy’obuyonjo okukulukuta oluvannyuma lw’amataba n’obutyabaga bw’obutonde.
• Sphere Association (International Humanitarian Charter): Ekitabo kya Sphere: Omutindo omutono mu kutumbula amazzi, obuyonjo n’obuyonjo (Excreta Management Standards).

Ebiragiro ebikwatagana nabyo¶

• Ebirango ebifumba amazzi n’obukuumi bw’amazzi
• Omuzigo n’ebizimbe ebiwanvu okwetegekera embeera ez’amangu
• Olukalala lw’okukebera ebikozesebwa mu mbeera ez’amangu
• Enteekateeka y’okusengula abaana abawere n’abato mu mbeera ey’amangu n’okusengulwa
• Obulemu n‟obwetaavu bw‟obujjanjabi mu mbeera ez‟amangu
• Ennamba z’amangu