Cast-Iron Main Drain Stack Enjatika eyeesimbye oba Lead-Oakum Hub Joint Leak Munda mu Bbugwe: Gaasi ya Sewer ne No-Hub Fernco Shielded Coupling Stabilization¶

Bwe kiba nti **omusulo gw’ettaka ogw’ekyuma ekisuuliddwa ogwesimbye ogwa milimita 75 ku 100 (yinsi 3 ku 4) munda mu maka amakadde bwe gukula enviiri eziyimiridde nga zikutuse ("channel rot" oba sulphur-acid corrosion crack) oba nga molten-lead and oiled-oakum bell-and-spigot hub joint emaze ekyasa munda mu kisenge kya bbugwe akola fuleemu, amaka go galina obulabe bubiri obw’obukuusa: okukulukuta kw’amazzi amakyafu amabisi ag’omutendera ogw’okusatu okumala ebbanga eddene mu fuleemu ya bbugwe ne okuyingira obutasalako okw’obutwa bwa hydrogen sulfide (\(\text{H}_2\text{S}\)) ne ggaasi w’emyala eya methane (\(\text{CH}_4\)) ow’obutwa. Mu bukadde n’obukadde bw’amaka agaazimbibwa wakati wa 1890 ne 1978, omusulo omukulu ogw’amazzi mu nneekulungirivu ogutwala kasasiro wa kaabuyonjo okuva mu binaabiro okutuuka wansi mu mulyango gw’emyala ogwa wansi (era nga gugaziwa waggulu okuyita mu kasolya ng’omusulo omukulu ogw’empewo ey’empewo) gwakuŋŋaanyizibwa okuva mu bitundu ebizito mita emu n’ekitundu (fuuti 5) eby’ettaka ery’ekyuma ekizitowa ennyo oba erizitowa ennyo payipu. Kubanga empagi eyeesimbye eya mita 10 (fuuti 33) eya payipu ey’ekyuma ekisuuliddwa eya milimita 100 (yinsi 4) ng’esituka okuva wansi okutuuka waggulu ezitowa kkiro 225 ku 360 (pawundi 500 ku 800), ng’esala mu kitundu eky’enjatika eky’omugogo ogwa wansi nga tosoose kusiba ebikwaso by’ekyuma ebizito ku waggulu ebitundu bya payipu waggulu w’okusala y’emu ku nsobi ezisinga okutta mu ppipa z’amayumba DIY: akaseera payipu eya wansi w’esaliddwako, empagi ey’ekyuma ekisuuliddwa waggulu etawanirirwa **kilo 300 (pawundi 660) egwa nga guillotine munda mu bbugwe okugoba, n’emenya emikono gy’omukozi n’ekutula buli sinki y’ekinabiro eky’oku mwaliiro waggulu, ttanka, n’omukutu gw’ettabi lya kaabuyonjo okuva mu bbugwe.

Tokozesangako mumuli gwa propane okugezaako okusaanuusa oba okuddamu okukulukuta ekiyungo ky’ekyuma ekisuuliddwa ekya lead-and-oakum ekikulukuta munda mu bbugwe ow’embaawo ow’ekika kya stud; ennimi z’omuliro eziggule eza 1,995°C (3,623°F) zikuma omuliro mu bikondo ebikalu eby’ekyasa eky’ebisenge ebiriko fuleemu ya bbaatule n’obuwuzi bwa oakum hemp obunywezeddwa ttaala mu kaseera ako, ate obunnyogovu obusibiddwa munda mu kinnya ky’okukulukuta buyakaayakana ne bufuuka omukka ne bumansira 327°C (621°F) omusulo ogusaanuuse** mu maaso go. Bw’oba owunya ggaasi wa haidrojeni salufayidi ow’amagi agavunze ennyo ekikuleetera okuziyira, oba singa omugogo omuzito ogw’ekyuma ekisuuliddwa gukyuka nnyo era nga gutiisa okugwa kw’ebizimbe ku layini za ggaasi oba amasannyalaze, fuluma mangu era oyite ow’omu kitundu kyo ennamba z’amangu (911 mu Amerika ne Canada, 999 mu Bungereza, 112 okwetoloola omukago gwa Bulaaya, ne 000 mu Australia). Ku mbeera ez’amangu ezikwatagana ne ggaasi w’emyala, amazzi amaddugavu, ne payipu z’ebizimbe, weebuuze ku bakulembeze baffe ku okuwunya amafuta g’amafuta oba ggaasi w’emyala wansi w’ettaka, omutego gwa P-trap ogufulumya amazzi wansi omukalu, ne methane, . okutereka amazzi amakyafu, . sewer vent stack roof pipe frozen iced over mu polar vortex, kaabuyonjo eziwuuma, n’okusiba omutego, era ekikuta oluvannyuma lw’amazzi okwonooneka.

Kino kikole kati¶

Bw’ozuula ebizimba by’obusagwa ebya kitaka ebikaaba kazambi omuddugavu wansi mu payipu ey’ekyuma ekisuuliddwa eyeesimbye mu kisenge kyo ekya wansi oba ng’oyita mu musono gwa drywall ogw’ekisenge ekibisi ku mwaliiro ogusooka, nga guwerekerwako akawoowo ka ggaasi w’emyala:

1. YIMIRIZA Okunaaba Kaabuyonjo Kyonna Waggulu, Okunaaba, n'Ekyuma Eky'okwoza Okufulumya amazzi Waggulu w'enjatika:
2. Okwawukana ku payipu y’amazzi ey’ekikomo eriko puleesa efuuyira obutasalako, omusulo gw’ettaka ogw’ekyuma ekisuuliddwa Drain-Waste-Vent (DWV) eyeesimbye gukola ku zero hydrostatic pressure (atmospheric gravity flow) okuggyako nga layini y’emyala enkulu wansi waayo esibiddwa.
3. Okuyimiriza okukozesa amazzi gonna ne kaabuyonjo wansi waggulu w’enjatika kiyimiriza mangu ebitundu 100 ku 100 eby’amazzi amakyafu agafuluma okuva mu payipu eyawuddwamu nga tekyetaagisa kuggala vvaalu y’amazzi ag’okunywa mu nnyumba enkulu.
4. Tolondako ku Crusty Rust Tubercles ("Barnacles") nga olina Screwdriver Okujjako nga Weetegefu Okusiiga:
5. Payipu z’ekyuma ekisuuliddwa zikulukuta okuva mu munda ebweru olw’asidi wa salufuriki ow’ebiramu akolebwa obuwuka bw’emyala (Thiobacillus) obufuula omukka gwa haidrojeni salufayidi okuwunyiriza ku bisenge bya payipu.
6. Ekifaanana ng’akawuka akatono aka 25-millimeter (1-inch) orange-brown rust blister ebweru w’omusulo gw’ekyuma ekisuuliddwa kitera okuba 0.2-millimeter-thin eggshell of iron oxide nga kibikka 50-millimeter (2-inch) gaping hole mu bbugwe wa payipu. Singa onyiga sikulaapu mu kizimba ekyo eky’obusagwa ng’omukono gwo ogw’okuddaabiriza tegunnabaawo, ekyuma ekivundu kikutuka munda ne kiggulawo ekituli ekiggule butereevu mu kifo ky’emyala omulamu.
7. Okuzuula oba Stack Eri Wansi Wa Backed-Up Hydrostatic Pressure (Main-Line Clog Test):
8. Wuliriza bulungi payipu era okebere omudumu ogusinga wansi wansi mu kisenge ekya wansi oba ebbakuli ya kaabuyonjo eya wansi.
9. Singa amazzi amakyafu gakulukuta oba nga gakulukuta okuva mu nnyatika buli kiseera ne bwe kiba nga tewali bikozesebwa waggulu bikozesebwa: omudumu omukulu ogw’emyala gw’ekizimbe wansi w’ettaka guzibiddwa, era empagi eyimiridde eya liita 100 ku 300 (ggaloni 25 ku 80) ez’amazzi amakyafu amabisi edda emabega munda mu kifo ekyesimbye ekya mmilimita 100 (yinsi 4) . payipu waggulu w’enjatika. TOSUMUULA kiyungo kyonna oba okusala mu ssitaaki ng’ekutte empagi y’amazzi amakyafu eyimiridde, oba ebikumi n’ebikumi bya liita za kasasiro w’omusulo omubisi zijja kukulukuta ku puleesa y’omutwe; laba okutereka amazzi amakyafu.
10. Komya ggaasi w’emyala n’okukulukuta kw’enjatika entonotono ezeesimbye okumala akaseera ng’okozesa omukono gwa EPDM Rubber Split Sleeve ogutaliiko bbugumu oba Fiberglass/Epoxy Wrap:
11. Nga oyambala nitrile gloves, N95/P100 respirator, ne safety goggles, mpola wire-brush loose flaky rust okwetoloola (not deep into) vertical hairline crack, okusiimuula ekyuma ekisuuliddwa nga kikalu n’omwenge gwa isopropyl, era onyige olupapula lwa ebitundu bibiri ebyuma ebijjudde epoxy putty stick okumpi n’enjawukana eyeesimbye okukulukuta.
12. Okusobola okunyweza amangu mu byuma nga tosaze payipu, zingira ekipande kya kapiira ka neoprene/EPDM aka milimita 3 (yinsi 0.125** okwetoloola okwetooloola kwa payipu yonna waggulu w’ekitundu kya epoxy era okinyige wansi nnyo ng’okozesa ebikwaso by’embalaasi bisatu ebizitowa eby’ekyuma ekitali kizimbulukuse ebiteekeddwamu ebanga 5 sentimita (yinsi 2) nga zaawukana (oba ssaako fiberglass/polyurethane pipe repair bandage ekozesebwa amazzi**).
13. Ddamu okupakinga ekiyungo kya Weeping Lead-and-Oakum Bell Hub Joint Nga Okozesa Cold Caulking Iron & Lead Wool (Never a Torch):
14. Singa amazzi amakyafu gakaaba okuva ku mugongo ogw’okungulu ogw’ekiyungo kya bell-and-spigot hub joint empeta y’omusulo eyayiiriddwa gy’ekankana n’esumululwa, kwata empeta y’omusulo ennyogovu eriwo n’amaanyi wansi okwetooloola okwetooloola kwayo okwa diguli 360 ng’okozesa ekyuma ekizitowa ekinyogovu (yarning/caulking chisel) n’ennyondo ya kkiro emu (2-pound) ball-peen hammer okutuuka ddamu okugaziya omusulo ogugonvu ku bbugwe w’ekyuma ekisuuliddwa, oba tamp braided lead wool / polyurethane hub sealant mu bbanga.
15. Nga tonnaba kukyusa kusala kwonna, ssika omuguwa gw'ekyuma ekisuuliddwa waggulu nga olina ebikwaso bibiri eby'ekyuma ebiwummudde ku fuleemu ya wansi:
16. Tosalako kifo kya ttaka kya kyuma ekisuuliddwa ekyesimbye okuyunga mu kitundu eky’okukyusa PVC ekya Schedule 40 nga tosoose kuwagira payipu ya waggulu.
17. Bolt two heavy-gauge steel friction riser clamps (eziriko layini y’olugoye lwa emery oba rubber grip tape olwo ensaya za clamp eziseeneekerevu zireme okusereba ku kyuma ekikadde ekisuuliddwa) okwetoloola payipu eya waggulu butereevu waggulu w’ebisenge ebiyingira wansi w’omwaliiro ogusooka n’ogw’okubiri, ng’owummuza amatu ga clamp okubuna 50-by-100-millimeters (2x4) timber bulooka eziwanvuwa ku bikondo bya wansi, era ogatte ekitundu kya PVC ekipya ku kyuma ekikadde ekisuuliddwa ng’okozesa ASTM C1277 / C1540 heavy-duty 4-band stainless-shielded no-hub transition couplings (never unshielded rubber boots above ground).

Omuti gw’okusalawo: okugezesa n’okutebenkeza omusulo gw’amazzi agakulukuta ogw’ekyuma ekisuuliddwa oba ekiyungo kya hub¶

flowchart TD
    Start["CAST-IRON STACK EMERGENCY: Enjatika y’obusagwa eyeesimbye oba ekiyungo kya lead hub ekikulukuta munda mu bbugwe oba wansi"] --> StopUse["OMUDDAALA 1: OKUGGYA OKW’AMAANYI OKW’OKUTWALA GASI: 1. Yimirira okunaaba kaabuyonjo kwonna okw’oku mwaliiro ogw’okungulu, okunaabira, & okwoza engoye 2. TOSOBOLA ebizimba bya ‘barnacle’ ebifuuse enfuufu ne sikulaapu 3. Teeka omukka gwa ggaasi ow’emyala (H2S / methane); kebera oba lowest drain ebadde back up"]

    StopUse --> BackupCheck{"Kazambi akulukuta obutasalako ng’ebintu byonna eby’oku mwaliiro ogw’okungulu biweddewo?"}

    BackupCheck -->|"YEE: Ennyiriri z’amazzi amakyafu eziyimiridde mu Stack"| ClearMain["OBULABE: PRESSURIZED BACKED-UP STACK: • Layini y’emyala enkulu wansi w’enjatika ezibiddwa; stack holds 100+ L of sewage • TOSALA payipu oba okusumulula couplings okutuusa nga main drain cleanout is augered & drained"]

    BackupCheck -->|"NO: Gravity Stack Empty Nga Fixtures Zizikiddwa"| LeakLoc{"Okukulukuta kwatika kwa payipu-bbugwe eyeesimbye OBA kiyungo kya bell-and-spigot hub?"}

    LeakLoc -->|"VERTICAL CRACK OBA RUST BLISTER MU PIPE BARREL"| TempClamp["OMUDDAALA 2A: OKUTEEKAWO EMIGALA EZ’EBWERU MU BY’AMAANYI: • Sisa mpola waya-bbulawuzi ekisulo ekitali kinywevu okwetoloola enjatika; okusiimuula n’omwenge • Nywa ekyuma kya epoxy putty eky’ebitundu 2 mu nnyatika eyeesimbye okuyimiriza ggaasi wa H2S • Zingira ekipande kya kapiira ekya mm 3 EPDM ku payipu & cinch ne 3 stainless hose clamps"]

    LeakLoc -->|"WEEPING BELL-NE-SPIGOT OKUKOLA KU LEAD HUB"| ColdCaulk["OMUDDAALA 2B: OKUTEEKAWO EKITUNDU KYA LEAD HUB OKUKOLA ENSONGA: • TOSIIGIKAKO torch ya propane ku hub ya lead-and-oakum (omuliro & lead splatter) • Teeka ekyuma ekikuba caulking ekitaliimu bbugumu ku bbali w’empeta y’omusulo eyayiiriddwa • Koona mpola okwetoloola 360 deg n’ennyondo ya ball-peen okuddamu okusiigibwa (oba okupakinga ebyoya by’omusulo + eddagala eriziyiza poliyurethane erya elastomeric) ."]

    TempClamp --> PermPlan["OMUDDAALA 3: OKUKYUSA EKITUNDU EKYA PVC / NO-HUB EKITUNDU: 1. Bolt steel riser clamps (nga zirina emery cloth grip) okwetoloola ekyuma ekisuuliddwa waggulu wansi waggulu 2. Ssika oba sala ekitundu ky’ekyuma ekisuuliddwa ekyatika ng’okozesa carbide reciprocating blade oba diamond wheel 3. Splice Schedule 40 PVC/ABS ng’okozesa 4-band stainless-shielded Ebiyungo by’enkyukakyuka (ASTM C1540) ."]
    ColdCaulk --> PermPlan
    ClearMain --> PermPlan

Lwaki emigogo gy’amazzi egy’ekyuma ekisuuliddwa gyatika mu vertikal n’engeri ebifo ebiyitibwa lead-oakum hubs gye bikolamu¶

Okutegeera ebyuma n’engeri y’okukulukuta okw’omunda mu kyuma ekisuuliddwa ekiwezezza emyaka 50 ku 100 kiziyiza okufuula ekiwujjo ekitono okufuuka ekituli ekimenyese:

ANATOMY OF A CAST-IRON SOIL STACK: VERTICAL SULFUR CRACK VS. LEAD-OAKUM HUB

             ||              ||
             ||  (Upper      ||  <-- 1. MANDATORY STEEL RISER CLAMP AT FLOOR ABOVE
             ||   Spigot)    ||         (Supports 300-kg upper stack before cutting)
   ==========++==============++========== [2nd-Floor Plywood Subfloor]
             ||              ||
         ____||______________||____
        |  [Poured Molten Lead]    | <-- 2. BELL-AND-SPIGOT HUB JOINT
        |  [Tarred Oakum Hemp]     |        (Bottom 2/3 packed with oakum rope;
        |____                  ____|         top 25 mm filled with poured lead
             \                /              and cold-caulked tight)
              |              |
              |      :       |       <-- 3. VERTICAL "CHANNEL ROT" / H2S CRACK
              |      :       |              (Sulfuric acid gas eats pipe wall thin
              |     (*)      |               from the inside; hoop tension splits
              |      :       |               brittle grey cast iron vertically)
              |              |

1. Lwaki enjatika ezeesimbye zitondebwa kumpi n’ekipipa ky’ebisenge by’ekyuma ekisuuliddwa¶

• Biogenic Sulfuric Acid Thinning: Munda mu kifo ky’ettaka ekyesimbye oba omudumu gw’amatabi ogw’okwebungulula, omukka gw’emyala ogulimu hydrogen sulfide (\(\text{H}_2\text{S}\)) gusituka ne gusaanuuka mu firimu ennyimpi ey’obunnyogovu eyeekwata munda mu bbugwe ow’ekyuma ekisuuliddwa. Bakitiriya ezikola omukka gwa salufa (Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans) zikyusa \(\text{H}_2\text{S}\) eyo mu asidi wa salufa (\(\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4\)) omungi nga pH ya wansi okuva ku 1.0 okutuuka ku 2.0.
• Graphitic Corrosion and Rust Jacking: Emyaka egisukka mu 50 ku 80, asidi ono afulumya ekyuma ekirongoofu okuva mu matrix enzirugavu ey’ekyuma ekisuuliddwa, n’alekawo amagumba amagonvu, agamenyamenya aga carbon graphite ne iron oxide nga ga millimeter 1 zokka (yinsi 0.04) obuwanvu (bw’ogeraageranya n’eky’olubereberye 6.3-millimeter / millimeter / 6.04) zokka. 0.25-inch obuwanvu bwa bbugwe).
• Thermal Shock and Structural Settlement Split: Omuntu bw’afulumyayo ekiyungu ekibuguma eky’amazzi ga pasta oba n’addusa ensuwa eyokya wansi mu payipu ennyogovu ey’ekyuma ekisuuliddwa mu kiseera eky’obutiti, oba nga fuleemu y’ennyumba ey’embaawo esenza n’enyigiriza omutuba omukalu, circumferential hoop stress ekutula ekisenge kya payipu ekigonvu okuyita ku straight 30-to-120-centimeter (1-to-4-foot) enjatika eyeesimbye. Olw’okuba obusagwa bwa iron oxide bukwata emirundi 6 ku 7 egy’obuzito bw’ekyuma ekyasooka, obusagwa buzimba ku mimwa egy’enjatika ng’enkovu eriko ekikuta.

2. Engeri Ekiyungo kya Lead-and-Oakum Bell-and-Spigot Hub eky’ennono gye kikola¶

Nga payipu y'ekyuma ekisuuliddwa "no-hub" eriko gaasi ya kapiira tennayiiya mu myaka gya 1960, buli kiyungo mu mugogo gw'ekyuma ekisuuliddwa kyakuŋŋaanyizibwanga n'engalo:

1. Enkomerero eya wansi eriko enkokola (spigot) eya payipu eya waggulu etuula munda mu kikopo ekikutte (bell oba hub) ekya payipu eya wansi.
2. Omukozi wa ppipa yavuga ebiwuzi bya hemp ebilukibwa nga binnyikiddwa mu ttaala ya payini oba amafuta ga bentonite (oakum) wansi mu bitundu bibiri ku bisatu ebya wansi eby’ekituli kya annular hub ng’akozesa ekyuma ekikoona ekyuma ekikola wuzi. Oakum ekola watertight seal yennyini era n’eteeka payipu wakati.
3. Ekiddako, omukozi wa ppipa yayiwa 327°C (621°F) omusulo gw’embizzi ogusaanuuse mu 25 millimeters (1 inch) waggulu w’ekikopo. Olw’okuba omusulo ogw’amazzi gukendeera katono nga gunyogoga era nga gukaluba, omukozi wa ppipa olwo n’akozesa ekyuma ekizitowa munda n’ebweru w’ekyuma ekikuba ebyuma n’ennyondo okusenya (cold-forge) empeta y’omusulo omugumu ebweru ku bbugwe wa hub, n’asiba ekiyungo mu ngeri ey’ebyuma.

Omulongooti gw’okugeraageranya: Okulonda okuyungibwa okutuufu nga oyunga ekyuma ekisuuliddwa ku PVC/ABS¶

Ensobi ya DIY emanyiddwa ennyo eremererwa okwekebejja amazzi mu bbugwe n’ereeta okusala kw’ebiyungo mu bbugwe okw’akatyabaga kwe kugula obutto bwa Fernco obutali bwa kapiira bwonna wansi w’ettaka (ekwatibwako ebikwaso bibiri byokka eby’ensowera) okuyunga payipu eyeesimbye oba eyeesimbye munda mu bbugwe w’ennyumba:

Omutendera ku mutendera: okutebenkeza okw’ekiseera okutali kwa bulabe n’okukyusa okusala okw’olubeerera¶

Omutendera 1: Engeri y’okuyimirizaamu Active Vertical Crack Leak mu ddakiika 15 nga Tosala Payipu¶

Bw’ozuula enjatika eyeesimbye ekaaba munda mu bbugwe oba mu kisenge ekya wansi era nga weetaaga okukomya akawoowo k’amazzi amakyafu embisi n’obunnyogovu amangu ddala ng’olinda ebitundu oba omukozi wa ppipa alina layisinsi:

1. Kakasa nti amazzi g'oku mwaliiro ogw'okungulu gali OFF era oteekeko ebikuuma amaaso, ggalavu za nitrile, n'ekyuma ekissa.
2. Surface Prep (Without Puncturing): Kozesa bbulawuzi ya waya ey’ekikomo ne sandpaper ya 80-grit okuyonja sentimita 5 (yinsi 2) perimeter ey’ekyuma ekigumu ekisuuliddwa ku njuyi zombi ez’enjatika eyeesimbye, olwo n’oggyamu amasavu n’omwenge gwa 90% isopropyl oba acetone n’okala n’ekyuma ekikala enviiri.
3. Pack the Crack With Steel-Reinforced Epoxy Putty: Fuka ssiringi ya ebitundu bibiri ebijjudde ekyuma epoxy putty okutuusa nga efuuse enzirugavu eya kimu, ginyige nnyo mu buwanvu bwonna obw’enjatika (nga ogaziya milimita 25 ng’oyise ku nkomerero zombi ez’enjatika erabika okukwata okusaasaana kw’ensonga y’enjatika), era ogireke ewonye okumala 20 eddakiika.
4. Siiga Elastomeric Compression Bandage: Zingira ekitundu kya rectangular ekya 3-millimeter (0.125-inch) EPDM rubber gasket sheet (oba obuwanvu obwawuddwamu obwa yinsi 4 rubber coupling sleeve) okwetoloola payipu ku epoxy patch, teeka ekipande ekigonvu ekya aluminum flashing oba stainless steel shim sitokisi ku kapiira nga engabo esaasaanya puleesa, era onyweze ebikwaso ssatu ku bina ebya milimita 115 (yinsi 4.5) eby’ekyuma ekitali kizimbulukuse eby’ensowera-ggiya ebikwaso nga buli sentimita 4 (yinsi 1.5) okumpi n’okuddaabiriza.

Omutendera 2: Engeri y’okusalamu obulungi ekitundu ky’ekyuma ekisuuliddwa ekyatika n’okugatta mu Schedule 40 PVC¶

SAFE TWO-CLAMP SUPPORT & SHIELDED TRANSITION SPLICE OF A CAST-IRON STACK

   ========[2x4 Timber Blocks Across Joists]======== [Upper Floor Subfloor]
        |___[Heavy Steel Riser Clamp + Emery Cloth]___|  <-- Bears 100% of upper 300-kg stack
                         ||        ||
                         ||  (Old  || (Cut squarely with diamond wheel / carbide blade)
                         ||  Cast) ||
                    +====++========++====+
                    | 4-Band Shielded    | <-- ASTM C1460 / C1540 Transition Coupling
                    | Transition Coupling|     (Stepped rubber bushing matches Cast OD to PVC OD)
                    +====++========++====+
                         ||        ||
                         || (New   ||
                         || Sch 40 || (4-inch Schedule 40 Solid-Core PVC Pipe)
                         ||  PVC)  ||
                    +====++========++====+
                    | 4-Band Shielded    | <-- Torqued to 6.8 N·m (60 in-lbs)
                    | Transition Coupling|
                    +====++========++====+
                         ||  (Old  ||
                         ||  Cast) ||

1. Eddaala 1: Siba Ensigo y’Ensimbi eya Waggulu N’Ebikwaso Ebiyitibwa Friction-Lined Steel Riser Clamps:
2. Genda wansi butereevu waggulu w’ekitundu ekyonoonese (oba waggulu ku bbugwe w’ekisenge ekya wansi ekirabika butereevu wansi w’ebikondo by’omwaliiro ogusooka) era ozinge akaguwa ka coarse 60-grit cloth-backed emery tape oba 2-millimeter neoprene rubber okwetooloola ebweru wa payipu y’ekyuma ekisuuliddwa.
3. Bolt a 100-millimeter (4-inch) heavy structural steel riser clamp bulungi okwetoloola olugoye lwa emery olwo amatu ga clamp gawummule ku bbulooka bbiri ez’embaawo 2x4 eziwanvuwa ku bikondo bya wansi (oba wedge two 2x4 vertical timber shores tightly beneth the flare of the next upper cast-iron bell hub down to the concrete floor).
4. Eddaala 2: TOKOZESA Ratchet Soil-Pipe Chain Snapper ku Payipu Enkadde Evunze:
5. Abakugu mu kukola ppipa bakozesa ratchet chain snap cutter enzito okusika payipu empya ennyo ey’ekyuma ekisuuliddwa obulungi. Naye singa oteeka ekyuma ekisala enjegere ku eky’emyaka 80 ekigonvu nga asidi mu kisenge ekyesimbye, puleesa y’okumenya etali ya kigero emenya payipu ekutuse ng’ekikuta ky’amagi era esobola okusaasaanya enjatika eyeesimbye mita 1.5 (fuuti 5) butereevu waggulu mu ssilingi waggulu.
6. Mu kifo ky’ekyo, sala ekyuma ekikadde ekisuuliddwa mu kifo ng’okozesa angle grinder eriko nnamuziga esala ekyuma ekisuuliddwa ekya dayimanda grit oba reciprocating saw (Sawzall) essiddwako ekyuma ekinene ekya 8-TPI carbide-tipped cast-iron blade (nga Torch carbide blade), ng’odduka ku sipiidi ya wakati n’amafuta oba enfuufu y’amazzi okuziyiza okubuguma ennyo amannyo aga carbide.
7. Kola ebitundu bibiri ebya square horizontal cuts (okusala waggulu okusala 80 ku buli 100 okuyita mu kusooka, olwo okusala wansi, n’okukwata ekitundu ng’omaliriza okusala waggulu kale ekitundu ekizito 15-kilogram / 33-pound kasasiro kireme kunyiga bbalaafu oba okugwa ku kigere kyo).
8. Eddaala 3: Okugatta mu Solid-Core Schedule 40 PVC ng’okozesa ebiyungo by’enkyukakyuka ebiriko 4-Band Shielded:
9. Pima ekituli wakati w’ebitundu bya payipu y’ekyuma ekisuuliddwa waggulu ne wansi era osale ekitundu kya solid-core Schedule 40 PVC (oba ABS) DWV pipe okutuuka ku 6 millimeters (0.25 inches) shorter okusinga ekituli (okusobozesa central rubber stop ring munda mu couplings ebbiri; tokozesa foam-core/cellular-core PVC for vertical main okukyusakyusa sitack mu bifo eby’okubeeramu ebirimu emigugu mingi oba ebiwulikika).
10. Serengesa engabo ezisala ebweru ez’ekyuma ekitali kizimbulukuse ku bikondo by’ekyuma ekisuuliddwa, kwata gaasikiti za kapiira eza neoprene/EPDM eziriko amadaala emabega ku nkomerero za payipu, teeka ekitundu kya payipu ya PVC ekipya mu bbanga, kyusa gaasi za kapiira emabega ku kiyungo, serengesa engabo ezitali za mubiri nga ziteekeddwa wakati ku gaasi, era nyweza sikulaapu za clamp mu ngeri ey’okukyusakyusa omutendera nga tukozesa ekisumuluzo kya ekisumuluzo kya torque ekikaliddwa 6.8 N·m (60 inch-pound) T-handle no-hub torque wrench.

Koodi z’amazzi mu bitundu, omutindo gw’okuyunga ekyuma ekisuuliddwa, n’ekkomo ku ggaasi w’emyala¶

Ebibuuzo ebitera okubuuzibwa¶

Lwaki tolina kusala mu kifo ekyesimbye eky’ekyuma ekifulumya amazzi nga tosoose kusiba payipu ya waggulu?¶

Omutuba gw’ettaka ogw’ekyuma ekisuuliddwa ogwa mmita 100 (yinsi 4) guzitowa wakati wa kkiro 28 ne 40 buli mita (pawundi 19 ne 27 buli ffuuti). Mu maka agasinga obungi amakadde ag’emyaliiro ebiri, empagi eyeesimbye eya mmita 8 ku 10 (fuuti 26 ku 33) eya payipu ey’ekyuma ekizitowa kkiro 250 ku 350 (pawundi 550 ku 770) ewummulira mu kunyigirizibwa ku nkokola yaayo eya wansi ey’omusingi mu kisenge ekya wansi, ng’erina ebituli by’embaawo ebiyitiridde oba emiguwa emitangaavu gyokka egigilungamya okuyita mu myaliiro egy’okungulu. Singa osala ekitundu ekyatika okuva mu ssowaani eya wansi nga tosoose kusiba bikuta ebizito eby’ekyuma ekisitula okwetooloola payipu ku bikondo bya wansi butereevu waggulu w’ekifo kyo eky’okusala, empagi yonna eya payipu eya waggulu eya kilo 300 egwa butereevu wansi nga guillotine, n’enyiga ekisawo, n’enyiga emikono gyo, n’osika payipu y’empewo wansi ng’oyita mu kasolya ng’eyakaayakana, n’emenya payipu z’amatabi wansi w’omutendera gwo ogw’okungulu kaabuyonjo.

Lwaki tolina kukozesa bbuutu ya Fernco ey’akapiira akaddugavu akataliiko ngabo ng’erina ebikwaso bya hoosi bibiri munda mu bbugwe oba mu kisenge ekya wansi?¶

Ekiyungo kya kapiira ekiddugavu ekigonvu ekikwatibwako ebikwaso bya hoosi bibiri byokka ebya ggiya y’ensowera (nga temuli bbandi ya bweru ya kyuma ekitali kizimbulukuse ekizingibwa) kikoleddwa mu ngeri enkakali okuziika wansi w’ettaka ng’ettaka erinywezeddwa liwanirira payipu okwetooloola. Mu tteeka ly’ensi yonna erya Plumbing Code (IPC Section 705) ne Uniform Plumbing Code (UPC), ebiyungo bya kapiira ebitaliiko ngabo bimenya mateeka ku plumbing z’omunda waggulu w’ettaka kubanga obuzito obw’amaanyi obw’omutambi ogwesimbye oba payipu eyeesimbye buleetera bbuutu ya kapiira ennyogovu okugwa oba okukyuka okudda ebbali ("okusala"). Ne bwe kiba nga kikyusiddwa ku mabbali ekya milimita 4 kitondekawo ekisenge eky’omunda munda mu payipu ekikwata empapula za kaabuyonjo n’ebintu ebikalu, ekivaako kazambi okuddiŋŋana. Bulijjo kozesa ASTM C1277 oba C1540 4-band stainless-steel-shielded transition coupling waggulu w’ettaka.

Lwaki kyabulabe okukuba ekizimba ekifuuse enfuufu ("barnacle") ku payipu enkadde ey'ekyuma ekisuuliddwa nga okozesa sikulaapu?¶

Payipu ezifulumya amazzi mu kyuma ekisuuliddwa zikulukuta okuva munda okudda ebweru kubanga obuwuka obuleeta emyala bukyusa ggaasi wa haidrojeni salufayidi okufuuka asidi wa salufaayiki okumpi n’ebisenge eby’omunda ebya payipu. Mu myaka 60, asidi alya ddala okuyita mu bbugwe w’ekyuma ow’obuwanvu bwa milimita 6 (yinsi 0.25), n’asigalawo ekikuta ekigonvu, ekimenyamenya kyokka eky’ekyuma ekiyitibwa orange-brown iron oxide ("tuberculation" oba rust barnacle) ebweru wa payipu. Wadde ng’ekizimba kirabika nga kigumu okuva ebweru, wansi waakyo tewakyali kyuma kya nsengeka. Singa onyiga oba okusenya ekizimba ekyo eky’obusagwa n’ekikulukusi, ekikuta ekyo ekitali kinywevu kigwa munda ne kiggulawo ekituli ekigazi ekya mmita 25 ku 50 (yinsi emu ku bbiri) butereevu mu kisenge ky’emyala omulamu.

Okomya otya ekiyungo kya lead-and-oakum bell hub ekikulukuta ku stack y’ekyuma ekisuuliddwa nga tokozesezza blowtorch?¶

Tosiigako propane oba MAPP gas torch ku cast-iron bell-and-spigot hub joint munda mu nnyumba, kubanga ennimi z’omuliro eziggule zikuma omuliro mu bbugwe fuleemu ate obuwuzi bwa hemp oakum obuliko kolaasi munda mu kiyungo, ate obunnyogovu obusibiddwa wansi w’empeta y’omusulo buyakaayakana ne bufuuka omukka ne bubwatuka 327-degree-Celsius (621-degree-Fahrenheit) omusulo ogusaanuuse mu yo ffeesi. Olw’okuba omusulo omulongoofu gugonvu era gugonvuwa ku bbugumu erya bulijjo, abakozi ba ppipa baddamu okusiba ekiyungo ky’ekifo ekikaaba nga kinnyogoga: teeka ekyuma ekikuba ekikondo ekinyogovu (ekyuma ekikuba) ku mbiriizi ez’omunda n’ez’ebweru ez’empeta y’omusulo waggulu ku kifo ky’akagombe era onyige mpola okwetooloola okwetooloola kwa diguli 360 n’ennyondo ya ball-peen okugaziya n’okuddamu okusiba omusulo obulungi ku kyuma ekisuuliddwa, oba tamp braided lead wool ne polyurethane sealant mu rim.

Ekitabo kino kya mawulire era tekidda mu kifo kya master plumber alina layisinsi. Okukola ku bikuta by’ettaka ebizito eby’ekyuma ekisuuliddwa kireeta obulabe obw’amaanyi obw’okumenya n’obulabe bw’ebiramu; bulijjo yambala eby’okukuuma amaaso, ggalavu enzito, n’eby’okussa, era lowooza ku ky’okukola omusomo omukulu ogw’obukuumi awaka n’obujjanjabi obusookerwako okuva mu Red Cross oba St John Ambulance.

Ebiragiro ebikwatagana nabyo¶

• Okuwunya amafuta g’amafuta oba ggaasi w’emyala wansi w’ettaka, omutego gwa P-trap ogufulumya amazzi wansi omukalu, ne methane
• Sewer vent stack roof pipe frozen iced over mu polar vortex, kaabuyonjo eziwuuma, n’okusiba omutego
• Bathtub oba shower ku mwaliiro ogwokubiri drain trap arm ekutuddwako okuyiwa amazzi okuyita mu light fixture ku mwaliiro ogusooka
• Okutereka amazzi amakyafu
• Ekikuta oluvannyuma lw’amazzi okwonooneka
• Ennamba z’amangu

Ensonda n’obulagirizi obutongole¶

• Ekitongole kya payipu z’ettaka ery’ekyuma ekisuuliddwa (CISPI): Ekitabo ky’okukozesa payipu z’ettaka n’ebikozesebwa mu kyuma ekisuuliddwa (Hub-and-Spigot Lead/Oakum Joints, CISPI 301/310 No-Hub Couplings, Torque Specifications, and Vertical Stack Riser Support Rules).
• International Code Council (ICC) & International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials (IAPMO): Etteeka ly’ensi yonna erya Plumbing Code (IPC Essuula 3 & Essuula 7: Ebiwanirira n’ebiwanirira Omulongooti 308.5 & Sanitary Drainage Joints Ekitundu 705) & Uniform Plumbing Code (UPC).
• ASTM International: ASTM C1277 (Standard Specification for Shielded Couplings Okugatta Hubless Ekyuma Ekisuuliddwa Ettaka Payipu) & ASTM C1460 / C1540 (Heavy-Duty Shielded Transition Couplings for Dissimilar DWV Payipu).
• Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA, United States) & Health and Safety Executive (HSE, United Kingdom): Ekkomo ku kukwatibwa kwa ggaasi wa hydrogen Sulfide (\(\text{H}_2\text{S}\)) ne Methane n’obukuumi bw’okugoba amazzi mu ppipa ezisibiddwa.