Cast-Iron Main Drain Stack Vertical Crack anaa Lead-Oakum Hub Joint Leak Mu Ɔfasu: Sewer Gas ne No-Hub Fernco Shielded Coupling Stabilization¶

Sɛ milimita 75 kosi 100 (nsateakwaa 3 kosi 4) a ɛda hɔ a wɔde dade ayɛ a wɔaboaboa ano a ɛwɔ ofie dedaw bi mu no nya rusty vertical hairline split ("channel rot" anaa sulfur-acid corrosion crack) anaasɛ bere a molten-lead ne oiled-oakum bell-and-spigot hub joint a adi mfe ɔha no gyae wɔ ɔfasuo a wɔde ayɛ framing mu no, wo fie no da asiane mmienu a ɛyɛ anifereɛ adi: nsuo fĩ a ɛnyɛ den a ɛkɔ ɔfasuo no mu a ɛkɔ so wɔ Ɔfã 3 mu ne awuduru hydrogen sulfide (\(\text{H}_2\text{S}\)) ne methane a ɛpae (\(\text{CH}_4\)) nsuo fĩ mframa a ɛpae a ɛkɔ so hyɛn mu. Wɔ afie ɔpepem pii a wosisii wɔ 1890 ne 1978 ntam hɔ mu no, wɔde dɔte a emu yɛ duru a ne kɛse yɛ **mita 1.5 (anammɔn 5) a ɛyɛ gray cast-iron dɔte afã horow a emu yɛ duru 1.5-mita 5) boaboaa nsu ho nhama titiriw a ɛda hɔ a ɛde tiafi mu nwura fi aguaree ahorow no mu kɔ fam kosi nsu a ɛkɔ fam no mu (na ɛtrɛw kɔ soro fa ɔdan atifi sɛ wim mframa kwan titiriw no) ano paipu. Efisɛ adum a ɛda hɔ a ne tenten yɛ mita 10 (anammɔn 33) a ɛyɛ dade paipu a ne kɛse yɛ milimita 100 (nsateakwaa 4) a ɛforo fi dan no ase kɔ ɔdan no atifi no mu duru yɛ kilogram 225 kosi 360 (nkaribo 500 kosi 800), na etwitwa kɔ fam a wɔaboaboa ano no fã a apaapae mu a wonni kan nkyekyere dade a emu yɛ duru riser clamps wɔ soro no so paipu afã horow a ɛwɔ nea wɔatwa no atifi no yɛ mfomso a edi awu sen biara wɔ atrae DIY nsu ho nhama mu no mu biako: bere a wɔatwa paipu a ɛwɔ ase no mu no, dade a wɔde ayɛ adum a ɛwɔ soro a emu duru yɛ kilogram 300 (nkaribo 660) no ** hwe fam te sɛ guillotine wɔ ɔfasu a wɔtaa no mu, bubu odwumayɛni no nsa na ɛtetew abansoro aguaree sink, tub, ne tiafi nkorabata nkitahodi biara mu afasu no ho.

Mfa propane blowtorch nni dwuma da mfa mmɔ mmɔden sɛ wobɛbɔ kɔbere ne oakum dade a wɔde ayɛ hub joint a ɛretu a ɛretu wɔ nnua stud fasu mu anaasɛ wobɛsan akɔ fam; ogyaframa a ɛyɛ 1,995°C (3,623°F) a ɛbue no hyew ɔfasu a wɔde balloon ayɛ a adi mfe ɔha a ayow ne oakum hemp nhama a wɔde tar ayɛ no ntɛm ara, bere a nsu a akyea wɔ amoa a asɛe no mu no hyerɛn ma ɛbɛyɛ nsuonwini na ɛpetepete 327°C (621°F) kɔbere a wɔabɔ no mu wɔ w’ani so. Sɛ wote hydrogen sulfide mframa a ɛyɛ nkesua a aporɔw hua a ɛboro so a ɛma w’adwene tu fra, anaasɛ dade a wɔagu a emu yɛ duru redannan wo ho denneennen na ɛrehunahuna sɛ ɔdan no ahwe ase akɔ gas anaa anyinam ahoɔden nhama so a, tu fi hɔ ntɛm ara na frɛ wo mpɔtam hɔfo nɔma ahorow a egye ntɛmpɛ (911 wɔ United States ne Canada, 999 wɔ United Kingdom, 112 wɔ Europa Aman Nkabom no nyinaa mu, ne 000 wɔ Australia). Sɛ wopɛ sewer gas, blackwater, ne structural pipe ntɛmpɛ a ɛfa ho a, hwɛ yɛn akwankyerɛfo wɔ asase ase pɛtro ngo anaa mframa a ɛkɔ nsu mu hua, fam a ɛyɛ dry drain P-trap, ne methane, . efĩ a wɔde sie, . sewer vent stack roof pipe a ayɛ nwini a wɔde nsukyenee ayɛ wɔ polar vortex mu, tiafi a ɛrehuruhuruw, ne afiri a wɔde fa nsu mu, na nkuku bere a nsu asɛe akyi.

Yɛ eyi mprempren¶

Sɛ wuhu bruu crusty rust blisters a ɛresu efĩ tuntum fa dade paipu a ɛda hɔ gyina hɔ wɔ wo dan ase anaasɛ ɛfa abansoro a edi kan a ɛyɛ nsu-fasu drywall seam mu, a nsu a ɛkɔ nsu mu mframa hua ka ho a:

1. GYINA Abansoro Tiafi a Wɔde Hohoro, Nsuo, ne Afiri a Wɔde Hohoro Nsuo a Ɛfiri Mpaapaemu no Atifi Nyinaa:
2. Nea ɛnte sɛ kɔbere nsuo paipu a wɔde nhyɛsoɔ ahyɛ mu ma a ɛpetepete so daa no, Drain-Waste-Vent (DWV) cast-iron soil stack a ɛda hɔ gyina hɔ no yɛ adwuma wɔ zero hydrostatic pressure (atmospheric gravity flow) gye sɛ nsuo a ɛkɔ nsuo mu nsuo a ɛkɔ nsuo mu titire a ɛwɔ aseɛ no asiw.
3. Sɛ wogyae nsuo ne tiafi a wɔde di dwuma nyinaa wɔ fam a ɛwɔ mpaapaemu no atifi a ɛma nsuo fĩ a ɛtɔ ɔha mu nkyekyɛmu 100 gyae ntɛm ara fi paipu a apaapae no mu a enhia sɛ wɔto ofie kɛseɛ no mu nsuo a wɔnom no valve no mu.
4. Mfa Screwdriver Npaw Crusty Rust Tubercles ("Barnacles") da Gye sɛ woasiesie wo ho sɛ wobɛpae:
5. Dade afiri a wɔde gu mu no sɛe fi mfinimfini akyi esiane biogenic sulfuric acid a nsu a ɛkɔ nsu mu mmoawa (Thiobacillus) a ɛma hydrogen sulfide mframa yɛ oxidizing wɔ nsu afiri no afasu ho no yɛ nti.
6. Nea ɛte sɛ milimita 25 (nsateakwaa 1) a ɛyɛ borɔdɔma-brown rust blister ketewaa bi a ɛwɔ dade a wɔaboaboa ano akyi no taa yɛ 0.2-millimita wafer-thin eggshell of iron oxide a ɛkata milimita 50 (inch 2) tokuru a ɛda hɔ wɔ paipu no fasu mu. Sɛ wode skrudraiver to saa nkannare a ɛyɛ mmerɛw no mu ansa na wo nsateaa a wode besiesie no ayɛ krado a, dade a aporɔw no bubu kɔ mu na ebue tokuru bi a ɛda hɔ tẽẽ kɔ nsu a ɛkɔ nsu a ɛkɔ nsu mu a nkwa wom no mu.
7. Hwɛ sɛ ebia Stack no Wɔ Backed-Up Hydrostatic Pressure (Main-Line Clog Test) ase:
8. Tie paipu no yiye na hwɛ nsu a ɛkɔ fam a ɛba fam sen biara wɔ fam anaa tiafi kuruwa a ɛwɔ fam no.
9. Sɛ efĩ kɔ so sen anaasɛ ɛrehuruhuruw fi mpaapaemu no mu mpo bere mpo a wɔmfa nneɛma biara nni dwuma wɔ abansoro so: **Wɔasiw dan no asase ase nsu fĩ a ɛkɔ asase ase titiriw no ano, na wɔde efĩ a wɔmfa nhyehyɛ mu a ɛyɛ lita 100 kosi 300 (galɔn 25 kosi 80) a egyina hɔ no akyi wɔ vertical 100-millimeter (4-inch) no mu paipu a ɛwɔ mpaapaemu no atifi. MMA nnyae coupling biara anaasɛ ntwitwa nkɔ stack no mu bere a ɛkura efĩ adum a egyina hɔ, anyɛ saa a nsuo a wɔsɛe no lita ɔhaha pii bɛpue wɔ ti nhyɛsoɔ ase; hwɛ efĩ a wɔde sie.
10. **Gyae Sewer Gas ne Minor Vertical Crack Seepage bere tiaa bi denam Stainless-Banded EPDM Rubber Split Sleeve anaa Fiberglass / Epoxy Wrap **:
11. Bere a wohyɛ nitrile nsateaa, N95/P100 ahomegye afiri, ne ahobammɔ ahwehwɛ, fa waya-brɔs brɛoo fa nhama a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a ɛyɛ mmerɛw no twa (ɛnyɛ nea ɛkɔ akyiri) wɔ ti nhwi a ɛda hɔ no mu mpaapaemu no ho, fa isopropyl nsa popa dade a wɔabɔ no ma ɛnyow, na mia **epoxy putty stick a wɔde dade ahyɛ mu ma a ɛwɔ afã abien ** bi a ɛwɔ mpaapaemu a ɛda hɔ no so leak a ɛretu.
12. Sɛ wopɛ sɛ wohyɛ mfiri mu den ntɛm ara a worentwa paipu no a, fa krata a neoprene/EPDM rɔba a ne tenten yɛ milimita 3 (0.125-inch** kyekyere paipu no ntwemu nyinaa ho hyia wɔ epoxy patch no so na fa dade a ɛnyɛ den a ɛyɛ den worm-gear hose clamps abiɛsa a ɛwɔ ntam ** sɛntimita (nsateakwaa 2) ntam** (anaasɛ fa fiberglass/polyurethane paipu repair bandage a nsuo yɛ adwuma gu so).
13. Re-Pack a Weeping Lead-and-Oakum Bell Hub Joint Fa Awɔw Caulking Dade & Kɔbere Wool (Nyɛ Torch Da):
14. Sɛ efĩ resu fi bell-and-spigot hub joint a ɛwɔ soro rim a kɔbere ring a wɔahwie agu no awosow no mu a, fa blunt cold-caulking iron (yarning/caulking chisel) ne 1-kilogram (2-pound) ball-peen hammer bɔ kɔbere ring a ɛyɛ nwini a ɛwɔ hɔ dedaw no mu denneennen kɔ fam twa ne ntwemu a ɛyɛ digrii 360 no ho hyia san trɛw kɔbere a ɛyɛ mmerɛw no mu wɔ dade a wɔde ayɛ hub fasu no so, anaasɛ tamp braided lead wool / polyurethane hub sealant wɔ ɔkwan a ɛda ntam no mu.
15. Ansa na Wobɛsesa Biribiara a Wɔatwitwa no, Fa Dade Riser Klamp ABIEN A Ɛda Fam Framing So Fa Dade a Wɔabɔ no Afiri a Ɛwɔ Atifi Fam no Anchor:
16. Ntwa dɔte a wɔde dade ayɛ a ɛda hɔ gyina hɔ da mfa ntwitwa mu wɔ Schedule 40 PVC replacement section mu a wunni kan nhyɛ soro paipu no mu den.
17. Bolt dade friction riser clamps abien a emu yɛ duru (a wɔde emery ntama anaa rɔba grip tape a wɔabɔ no ayɛ sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a clamp anom a ɛyɛ torotoro no ntumi nkɔ dade dedaw a wɔabɔ so) twa soro paipu no ho hyia wɔ abansoro a edi kan ne abansoro a ɛto so abien so fam a ɛkɔ fam no atifi tẽẽ, na fa krampɔn no aso no home wɔ 50-by-100-millimeter (2x4) timber no so blocks a ɛtrɛw fam joists no so, na fa ASTM C1277 / C1540 heavy-duty 4-band stainless-shielded no-hub transition couplings (ɛnyɛ rɔba mpaboa a wɔanbɔ ho ban wɔ fam da) ka PVC ɔfã foforo no ho wɔ dade dedaw a wɔabɔ no ho.

Gyinaesi dua: triaging na stabilizing a leaking cast-iron drain stack anaa hub joint¶

flowchart TD
    Start["CAST-IRON STACK EMERGENCY: Vertical rust mpaapaemu anaasɛ leaking lead hub joint wɔ ɔfasu anaa dan ase"] --> StopUse["ANAMMƆN 1: NSƐM & GAS A WƆYƐ YIYE NTƐM: 1. Gyae abansoro tiafi a wɔhoro, nsuo, & ntadehoro nyinaa 2. MFA skrudraiver ntutu ‘barnacle’ akisikuru a ayɛ rusty 3. Fa mframa gu nsuo a ɛkɔ nsuo mu (H2S / methane) mu; hwɛ sɛ wɔakora drain a ɛba fam koraa no so anaa"]

    StopUse --> BackupCheck{"So efĩ resen bere nyinaa a abansoro so nneɛma nyinaa OFF?"}

    BackupCheck -->|"YIW: Egyina hɔ Sewage Column wɔ Stack mu"| ClearMain["ASIANE: PRESSURIZED BACKED-UP STACK: • Wɔasiw nsuo a ɛkɔ nsuo mu kɛseɛ a ɛwɔ mpaapaemu ase; stack holds 100+ L of sewage • Ntwitwa pipe anaasɛ nsancouplings kosi sɛ main drain cleanout no bɛyɛ augered & drained"]

    BackupCheck -->|"DABI: Gravity Stack Da mpan Bere a Fixtures Off"| LeakLoc{"So nsu a ɛretu no yɛ paipu-fasu mu mpaapaemu a ɛda hɔ ANAA dɔn ne spigot hub joint?"}

    LeakLoc -->|"VERTICAL CRACK ANAA RUST BLISTER A ƐWƆ PIPE BARREL MU"| TempClamp["ANAMMƆN 2A: AKWANKYERƐ ABƆDEƐ ABƆDEƐ NSƐM A WƆBƐSI HƆ: • Fa waya-brɔs bɔ nsenia a ɛho ayɛ hare a atwa mpaapaemu ho ahyia; fa nsa popa dry • Mia 2-part metal epoxy putty mu vertical crack na asiw H2S gas • Fa 3-mm EPDM rɔba krataa twa pipe & cinch ho hyia 3 stainless hose clamps"]

    LeakLoc -->|"SUDƆN-NE-SPIGOT LEAD HUB NKYEKYƐMU"| ColdCaulk["ANAMMƆN 2B: COLD-CAULKING LEAD HUB STABILIZATION: • MFA propane torch nhyɛ kɔbere-ne-oakum hub so DA (ogya & kɔbere a ɛpetepete) • Fa dade a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a ɛyɛ mmerɛw to kɔbere ring a wɔahwie agu no mu & akyi ano • Fa ball-peen hama bɔ brɛoo bɛyɛ 360 deg na woasan atwa kɔbere nsɔano (anaasɛ pack lead wool + elastomeric polyurethane aduru a wɔde siw ano) ."]

    TempClamp --> PermPlan["ANAMMƆN 3: PERMANENT PVC / NO-HUB SECTION REPLACEMENT: 1. Bolt dade riser clamps (a emery ntama grip) twa soro cast dade wɔ fam atifi 2. Snap anaa twa cast-dade fã a apaapae denam carbide reciprocating blade anaa diamond wheel 3. Splice Schedule 40 PVC/ABS denam 4-band stainless-shielded Nsakrae Nkitahodi (ASTM C1540) ."]
    ColdCaulk --> PermPlan
    ClearMain --> PermPlan

Nea enti a dade a wɔde gu nsu mu a wɔaboaboa ano no mu paapae tẽẽ ne sɛnea lead-oakum hubs yɛ adwuma¶

Sɛ yɛte dade a wɔde ayɛ dade a adi mfe 50 kosi 100 mu dade ne emu nsɛe nhyehyɛe ase a, ɛmma wontumi ndan nsu ketewaa bi a ɛtwetwe no nyɛ ade a abubu:

ANATOMY OF A CAST-IRON SOIL STACK: VERTICAL SULFUR CRACK VS. LEAD-OAKUM HUB

             ||              ||
             ||  (Upper      ||  <-- 1. MANDATORY STEEL RISER CLAMP AT FLOOR ABOVE
             ||   Spigot)    ||         (Supports 300-kg upper stack before cutting)
   ==========++==============++========== [2nd-Floor Plywood Subfloor]
             ||              ||
         ____||______________||____
        |  [Poured Molten Lead]    | <-- 2. BELL-AND-SPIGOT HUB JOINT
        |  [Tarred Oakum Hemp]     |        (Bottom 2/3 packed with oakum rope;
        |____                  ____|         top 25 mm filled with poured lead
             \                /              and cold-caulked tight)
              |              |
              |      :       |       <-- 3. VERTICAL "CHANNEL ROT" / H2S CRACK
              |      :       |              (Sulfuric acid gas eats pipe wall thin
              |     (*)      |               from the inside; hoop tension splits
              |      :       |               brittle grey cast iron vertically)
              |              |

1. Nea Enti a Mpaapae a Ɛda Hɔ Dade a Wɔaboaboa Ano no Toa no Ho¶

• Biogenic Sulfuric Acid Thinning: Wɔ asase a ɛda hɔ gyina hɔ anaasɛ nkorabata a ɛkɔ fam mu no, nsuo a ɛkɔ nsuo mu mframa a hydrogen sulfide (\(\text{H}_2\text{S}\)) wom no kɔ soro na ɛpete kɔ nsuo a ɛyɛ tratraa a ɛbata dadeɛ fasuo no mu no mu. Mmoawa a ɛma mframa yɛ hyew a ɛma sulfur (Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans) dan saa \(\text{H}_2\text{S}\) no ma ɛbɛyɛ sulfuric acid a wɔahyɛ no den (\(\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4\)) a ne pH sua te sɛ 1.0 kosi 2.0.
• Graphitic Corrosion and Rust Jacking: Bɛboro mfe 50 kosi 80 no, saa acid yi ma dade a ɛho tew no fi dade a wɔde ayɛ akutu a ɛyɛ fitaa no mu, na ɛma nnompe a ɛyɛ mmerɛw na ɛyɛ mmerɛw a ɛyɛ carbon graphite ne dade oxide a ne kɛse yɛ milimita 1 (nsateakwaa 0.04) pɛ (sɛ wɔde toto mfitiase 6.3-millimeter / millimeter / no ho a. 0.25-inch ɔfasuo no mu duru).
• Thermal Shock and Structural Settlement Split: Sɛ obi de pasta nsuo a ɛrefɔw kukuo mu nsuo gu kukuo a ɛrefɔw mu anaasɛ ɔde nsuo a ɛyɛ hyeɛ kɔ fam wɔ dadeɛ a wɔde ayɛ paipu a ɛyɛ nwini no mu wɔ awɔberɛ mu, anaasɛ berɛ a nnua dan no framing no si hɔ na ɛhyɛ stack a ɛyɛ den no mu a, circumferential hoop stress paapae paipu fasuo a ayɛ teateaa no mu wɔ straight 30-to-120-centimeter (1-to-4-foot) mpaapaemu a ɛda fam. Esiane sɛ iron oxide nkannare gye dade a edi kan no mmɔho 6 kosi 7 nti, nkannare boaboa ano wɔ mpaapaemu anofafa no ho te sɛ akuru a ayɛ kurukuruwa.

2. Sɛnea Amammerɛ kwan so Kɔbere-ne-Oakum Bell-ne-Spigot Hub Nkabom Yɛ Adwuma¶

Ansa na wɔreyɛ dade paipu a wɔde rɔba ayɛ a wɔfrɛ no "no-hub" cast-iron pipe wɔ 1960 mfe no mu no, na wɔde nsa na ɛboaboa nkwaa biara a ɛwɔ dade a wɔaboaboa ano mu ano:

1. Ɔsoro paipu no ase awiei a ɛyɛ teateaa (spigot) no te kuruwa a ɛyɛ hyew (bell anaa hub) a ɛwɔ ase paipu no mu.
2. Plumber no de hemp nhama a wɔakyekyere a wɔde pine tar anaa bentonite ngo (oakum) ahyɛ mu ma kɔɔ akyiri wɔ annular hub gap no ase nkyem abiɛsa mu abien mu denam yarning iron a ɛyɛ kurukuruwa so. Oakum no na ɛyɛ nsuo nsɔano ankasa na ɛde paipu no mfimfini.
3. Afei, nea ɔyɛ nsu ho adwuma no hwiee mprako kɔbere** a wɔanwene **327°C (621°F) guu kuruwa no atifi milimita 25 (nsateakwaa 1) mu. Esiane sɛ kɔbere a ɛyɛ nsu no twetwe kakra bere a ɛyɛ nwini na ɛyɛ den nti, afei nsu ho adwumayɛfo no de dade a wɔde caulking yɛ wɔ mu ne akyi ne hama a ɛnyɛ den dii dwuma de peen (cold-forge) kɔbere ring a ɛyɛ den no kɔɔ abɔnten wɔ hub fasu no so, na ɔde mfiri tow nkwaa no mu.

Ntotoho Table: Paw Coupling a Ɛteɛ Bere a Splicing Cast Iron to PVC/ABS¶

DIY mfomso a atrɛw a entumi nhwehwɛ nsu ho nsu mu na ɛde ɔhaw kɛse ba ɔfasu mu nkwaa twitwa ne sɛ wobɛtɔ Fernco boot a wɔde rɔba nyinaa ayɛ a enni shielded wɔ asase ase (a wɔde worm clamp abien pɛ kura mu) de abɔ paipu a ɛda hɔ anaasɛ ɛda fam wɔ ofie fasu mu:

Anamɔn biara: bere tiaa mu a wɔde gyina hɔ pintinn a ahobammɔ wom ne nea wɔatwa no daa a wɔde besi ananmu¶

Ɔfã 1: Sɛnea Wobegyae Active Vertical Crack Leak wɔ Simma 15 mu a Wontwitwa Pipe no¶

Sɛ wuhu mpaapaemu a ɛda hɔ gyina hɔ a ɛresu wɔ ɔfasu anaa dan ase na ɛsɛ sɛ wugyae efĩ hua a ɛnyɛ den ne nsu a ɛyɛ nwini ntɛm ara bere a woretwɛn afã horow anaa obi a ɔwɔ tumi krataa a ɔyɛ nsu ho adwuma no a:

1. Si so dua sɛ nsuo a ɛwɔ abansoro so no ayɛ OFF na fa aniwa ho banbɔ, nitrile nsateaa, ne afiri a wɔde home hyɛ.
2. Surface Prep (Without Puncturing): Fa kɔbere waya brush ne 80-grit sandpaper hohoro 5-centimeter (2-inch) perimeter a ɛyɛ solid cast iron wɔ afã abien no nyinaa wɔ vertical mpaapaemu no afã abien no nyinaa, afei de 90% isopropyl alcohol anaa acetone de srade fi mu na fa hairdryer we.
3. Pack the Crack With Steel-Reinforced Epoxy Putty: Knead a cylinder of two-part steel-filled plumbing epoxy putty kosi sɛ ɛbɛyɛ fitaa a ɛyɛ pɛ, mia no denneennen wɔ mpaapaemu no tenten nyinaa mu (trɛw milimita 25 twa mpaapaemu a wotumi hu no ano abien no nyinaa ho na akyere mpaapaemu no ano trɛw), na ma no nnɔ ** simma**.
4. Fa Elastomeric Compression Bandage: Fa 3-millimeter (0.125-inch) EPDM rɔba gasket krataa (anaasɛ rɔba coupling sleeve a ne tenten apaapae) a ɛyɛ ahinanan kyekyere paipu no ho koraa wɔ epoxy patch no so, fa aluminum flashing anaa stainless steel shim a ɛyɛ tratraa gu stock wɔ rɔba no so sɛ kyɛm a ɛtrɛw nhyɛso mu, na kyekyere dade a ɛnyɛ den a ɛyɛ milimita 115 (nsateakwaa 4.5) abiɛsa kosi anan a ɛwɔ ntam kwan sentimita 4 (nsateakwaa 1.5) biara mu denneennen wɔ nea wɔresiesie no ho.

Ɔfã 2: Sɛnea Wobɛtwitwa Cast-Iron Ɔfã a Apaapae Dwoodwoo na Wobɛka abom wɔ Nhyehyɛe 40 PVC mu¶

SAFE TWO-CLAMP SUPPORT & SHIELDED TRANSITION SPLICE OF A CAST-IRON STACK

   ========[2x4 Timber Blocks Across Joists]======== [Upper Floor Subfloor]
        |___[Heavy Steel Riser Clamp + Emery Cloth]___|  <-- Bears 100% of upper 300-kg stack
                         ||        ||
                         ||  (Old  || (Cut squarely with diamond wheel / carbide blade)
                         ||  Cast) ||
                    +====++========++====+
                    | 4-Band Shielded    | <-- ASTM C1460 / C1540 Transition Coupling
                    | Transition Coupling|     (Stepped rubber bushing matches Cast OD to PVC OD)
                    +====++========++====+
                         ||        ||
                         || (New   ||
                         || Sch 40 || (4-inch Schedule 40 Solid-Core PVC Pipe)
                         ||  PVC)  ||
                    +====++========++====+
                    | 4-Band Shielded    | <-- Torqued to 6.8 N·m (60 in-lbs)
                    | Transition Coupling|
                    +====++========++====+
                         ||  (Old  ||
                         ||  Cast) ||

1. Anamɔn 1: Fa Friction-Lined Steel Riser Clamps Fa Anchor Ɔsoro Stack no:
2. Kɔ fam a ɛwɔ ɔfã a asɛe no atifi pɛɛ (anaasɛ fasu a ɛda adi no atifi wɔ abansoro a edi kan no so nhama no ase pɛɛ) na fa neoprene rɔba a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a ɛyɛ 60-grit ntama a ɛwɔ akyi anaa neoprene rɔba a ne kɛse yɛ milimita 2 kyekyere dade paipu no akyi.
3. Bolt 100-millimeter (4-inch) heavy structural steel riser clamp denneennen twa emery ntama no ho hyia sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a clamp aso no bɛtra nnua a wɔabɔ no 2x4 abien a ɛtrɛw fam joists no so (anaasɛ wedge **nnua mpoano abien a ɛda hɔ 2x4 ** denneennen wɔ flare a ɛwɔ soro a edi hɔ a wɔde dade ayɛ dɔn hub no ase kosi kɔnkrit fam no ase).
4. Anamɔn 2: MFA Ratchet Soil-Pipe Chain Snapper nni dwuma wɔ Pipe Dedaw a Asɛe So:
5. Nsu ho adwumayɛfo a wɔyɛ adwumaden de ratchet chain snap cutter a emu yɛ duru di dwuma de twitwa dade paipu foforo koraa no yiye. Nanso, sɛ wode nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn a wɔde twa ade to mfe 80 a wɔde acid ayɛ no teateaa a ɛda hɔ gyina hɔ so a, nhyɛso a ɛbɔ no a ɛnyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ no bubu paipu a ɛyɛ mmerɛw no te sɛ ɛmo akutu na ebetumi atrɛw mpaapaemu a ɛda hɔ mita 1.5 (anammɔn 5) tẽẽ akɔ soro akɔ soro wɔ soro.
6. Mmom no, fa angle grinder a wɔde diamond grit cast-iron cutoff wheel anaa reciprocating saw (Sawzall) a wɔde 8-TPI carbide-tipped cast-iron blade (te sɛ Torch carbide blade) a ɛyɛ den ahyɛ mu, na fa ngo anaa nsuo a ɛyɛ nwini tu mmirika ntɛmntɛm a ɛyɛ mmerɛw na ɛmma ɛnyɛ hyew dodo carbide sẽ a wɔde yɛ.
7. Yɛ twitwa ahinanan abien a ɛkɔ soro (twitwa soro twitwa ɔha biara mu nkyem 80 fa mu kan, afei yɛ ase twitwa, na kura ɔfã no bere a worewie atifi twa no sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a 15-kilogram / 33-pound nwura a emu yɛ duru no antwitwiw agyan no anaasɛ anhwe ase wɔ wo nan so).
8. Anamɔn 3: Splice wɔ Solid-Core Nhyehyɛe 40 PVC Fa 4-Band Shielded Nsakrae Couplings di dwuma:
9. Susuw nsonsonoe a ɛda soro ne ase dade paipu a wɔatwitwa no ntam na twa solid-core Schedule 40 PVC (anaa ABS) DWV paipu asinasin bi ma ɛyɛ milimita 6 (nsateakwaa 0.25) a ɛyɛ tiaa sen nsonsonoe no (sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a rɔba a ɛwɔ mfinimfini no gyinabea ring no bɛkɔ nkitahodi abien no mu; mfa foam-core/cellular-core PVC nni dwuma da mma vertical main stack replacements wɔ mmeae a nneɛma dɔɔso anaasɛ nnyigyei te sɛ atrae).
10. Fa stainless steel outer shear shields no gu cast-iron stubs no so, bobɔ neoprene/EPDM rubber gaskets a wɔatu anammɔn no san fa paipu no ano, fa PVC paipu fã foforo no si ɔkwan no mu, dannan rɔba gaskets no san fa nkwaa no so, fa stainless shields no hyɛ gaskets no mfinimfini, na kyekyere clamp screws no denneennen wɔ ɔkwan a ɛsesa so nnidiso nnidiso a wɔde T-handle no-hub torque wrench a wɔasusuw ho a ne kɛse yɛ 6.8 N·m (60 inch-pound) di dwuma.

Mpɔtam hɔ nsu ho mmara, dade a wɔde ka bom ho gyinapɛn ahorow, ne mframa a wɔde fa nsu mu anohyeto ahorow¶

Nsɛm a wɔtaa bisa¶

Dɛn nti na ɛnsɛ sɛ wutwitwa kɔ dade a wɔde gu mu a ɛda hɔ gyina hɔ a wɔde nsu gu mu da a wunni kan nkyekyere paipu a ɛwɔ soro no?¶

Dɔte a wɔde dade ayɛ a ne kɛse yɛ milimita 100 (nsateakwaa 4) mu duru fi kilogram 28 kosi 40 wɔ mita biara mu (nkaribo 19 kosi 27 wɔ nan biara mu). Wɔ afie a ɛwɔ abansoro abien dedaw dodow no ara mu no, dade paipu a ɛyɛ mita 8 kosi 10 (anammɔn 26 kosi 33) a ɛda hɔ a ɛkɔ so gyina hɔ a emu duru yɛ kilogram 250 kosi 350 (nkaribo 550 kosi 770) no gyina n’ase nnyinaso nsateaa a ɛwɔ fam no so wɔ nhyɛso mu, na nnua ntokuru a ɛyɛ hare anaasɛ nhama a emu yɛ hare nkutoo na ɛkyerɛ no kwan fa abansoro a ɛwɔ soro no so. Sɛ wutwa ɔfã bi a apaapae fi ase stack no mu a wunni kan nkyekyere dade riser clamps a emu yɛ duru atwa paipu no ho ahyia wɔ fam joists a ɛwɔ wo twitwaa no atifi pɛɛ no so a, paipu adum a ɛwɔ soro a emu duru yɛ kilogram 300 no nyinaa kɔ fam tẽẽ te sɛ guillotine, na ɛbɔ saw no, ɛbɔ wo nsa, ɛtwe mframa paipu no kɔ fam fa ɔdan no atifi a ɛrehyerɛn no mu, na ɛbubu nkorabata paipu a ɛwɔ wo soro abansoro no ase no tiafi ahorow.

Dɛn nti na ɛnsɛ sɛ wode Fernco boot tuntum a wɔde rɔba ayɛ a enni ahobammɔ a ɛwɔ hose clamp abien wɔ ɔfasu anaa dan ase di dwuma?¶

Wɔayɛ rɔba tuntum a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a wɔde worm-gear hose clamps abien pɛ na ɛkura mu (a enni dade a ɛnyɛ den akyi nhama a wɔde kyekyere ho) katee sɛ wɔde besie asase ase baabi a dɔte a ɛyɛ den na ɛboa paipu no atwa ho ahyia no. Wɔ Amanaman Ntam Nsuo Ho Mmara (IPC Ɔfa 705) ne Uniform Plumbing Mmara (UPC) ase no, rɔba a wɔde kata ho a wɔmfa ho ban nni dwuma no yɛ mmara so bu wɔ dan mu nsuo ho nsuo a ɛwɔ soro ho ɛfiri sɛ emu duru a emu yɛ duru a ɛwɔ vertical stack anaa horizontal pipe no mu no ma rɔba boot a ɛyɛ mmerɛw no hwe ase anaasɛ ɛdannan kɔ nkyɛn ("shear"). Sɛ wɔde afiri a ɛyɛ milimita 4 kɔ nkyɛnkyɛn mpo ma ɛwɔ paipu no mu a ɛkyekyere tiafi krataa ne nneɛma a ɛyɛ den, na ɛma efĩ kɔ akyi mpɛn pii. Fa ASTM C1277 anaa C1540 4-band stainless-steel-shielded transition coupling di dwuma bere nyinaa wɔ fam.

Dɛn nti na asiane wom sɛ wode skrudraever bɛbɔ akisikuru a ayɛ nwunu ("barnacle") wɔ dade paipu dedaw bi so?¶

Nsuo a wɔde dade a wɔde yi nsuo mu no sɛe fi mu kɔ akyi ɛfiri sɛ nsuo a ɛkɔ nsuo mu mmoawa dan hydrogen sulfide mframa ma ɛdan sulphuric acid wɔ nsuo afiri no mu afasuo ho. Bɛboro mfe 60 no, acid no didi fa dade ɔfasu a ne kɛse yɛ milimita 6 (nsateakwaa 0.25) no mu koraa, na ɛma dade oxide a ɛyɛ borɔdɔma-biribiri ("tuberculation" anaasɛ rust barnacle) a ɛyɛ tratraa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw nkutoo na ɛka paipu no akyi. Ɛwom mpo sɛ akisikuru no te sɛ nea ɛyɛ den wɔ akyi de, nanso dade biara nni n’ase. Sɛ wode skrudraever tow saa nkannare a ɛyɛ mmerɛw no mu anaasɛ woprapra mu a, abon a ɛyɛ mmerɛw no bubu kɔ mu na ebue tokuru a ɛda hɔ a ne kɛse yɛ milimita 25 kosi 50 (nsateakwaa 1 kosi 2) tẽẽ kɔ nsu a ɛkɔ nsu a ɛkɔ nsu mu a nkwa wom no mu.

Wobɛyɛ dɛn agyae kɔbere ne oakum dɔn a ɛyɛ den a ɛretu wɔ dade a wɔabɔ so a womfa blowtorch nni dwuma?¶

Mfa propane anaa MAPP gas torch nhyɛ dade a wɔde ayɛ dɔn-ne-spigot hub joint a ɛwɔ ofie mu da, efisɛ ogyaframa a ɛbue no hyew ɔfasu no frame na tarred hemp oakum fibers a ɛwɔ joint no mu, bere a nsu a ɛkyere kɔbere ring no ase no hyerɛn ma ɛyɛ hyew na ɛpae 327-degree-Celsius (621-degree-Fahrenheit) molten lead kɔ wo anim. Esiane sɛ kɔbere a ɛho tew yɛ mmerɛw na ɛyɛ mmerɛw wɔ dan mu hyew mu nti, nsu ho adwumayɛfo san kata awɔw bere a wɔde su a ɛyɛ nwini mu: fa chisel a ɛyɛ nwini a ɛyɛ nwini (dade a wɔde caulking) gu kɔbere ring no mu ne akyi anoano wɔ dɔn no atifi na fa ball-peen hama bɔ digrii 360 no ho brɛoo ma ɛtrɛw na ɛsan twitwa kɔbere no mu denneennen atia dade a wɔabɔ no, anaasɛ tamp braided lead wool ne polyurethane sealant wɔ rim no mu.

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Saa akwankyerɛ yi yɛ nsɛm a wɔde bɛma na ɛnsi master plumber a ɔwɔ tumi krataa ananmu. Adwuma a wɔyɛ wɔ dɔte a wɔde dade ayɛ a emu yɛ duru so no de asiane ahorow a emu yɛ den a ɛbɛma wɔabubu ne biohazard ba; hyɛ aniwa ho banbɔ, nsateaa a emu yɛ duru, ne ɔhome ho ban bere nyinaa, na susuw ho sɛ wobɛkɔ ofie ahobammɔ ne mmoa a edi kan ho adesua titiriw bi afi Red Cross anaa St John Ambulance hɔ.

Akwankyerɛ ahorow a ɛfa ho¶

• Asase ase pɛtro ngo anaa mframa a ɛkɔ nsu mu hua, fam a ɛyɛ dry drain P-trap, ne methane
• Sewer vent stack roof pipe frozen iced so wɔ polar vortex, tiafi a ɛrehuruhuruw, ne afiri a wɔde sie
• Bathtub anaa abansoro a ɛto so abien shower drain trap arm a wɔatwa mu a ɛrehwie nsu afa abansoro a edi kan so kanea a wɔde hyɛ mu no mu
• Nsu fĩ a wɔde sie
• Nkuku bere a nsu asɛe akyi
• Nnɔmba ahorow a egye ntɛmpɛ

Fibea ne aban akwankyerɛ¶

• Cast Iron Asase Pipe Institute (CISPI): Cast Iron Asase Pipe ne Fittings Nwoma (Hub-and-Spigot Lead/Oakum Joints, CISPI 301/310 No-Hub Couplings, Torque Specifications, ne Vertical Stack Riser Support Mmara).
• Amanaman Ntam Mmara Bagua (ICC) & Amanaman Ntam Fekuw a Ɛhwɛ Nsuo Ho Nsuo ne Mfiridwuma So (IAPMO): Amanaman Ntam Nsuo Ho Mmara (IPC Ti 3 & Ti 7: Nneɛma a Wɔde Sɛn Nsuo ne Nneɛma a Wɔboa Table 308.5 & Sanitary Drainage Joints Ɔfa 705) & Uniform Plumbing Code (UPC).
• ASTM International: *ASTM C1277 (Standard Nkyerɛkyerɛmu ma Shielded Couplings a ɛka Hubless Cast Iron Asase Pipe bom) & ASTM C1460 / C1540 (Heavy-Duty Shielded Nsakrae Couplings ma Dissimilar DWV Piping) *.
• Adwumayɛ mu Ahobanbɔ ne Akwahosan Dwumadibea (OSHA, United States) & Akwahosan ne Ahobammɔ Dwumadibea (HSE, United Kingdom): Hydrogen Sulfide (\(\text{H}_2\text{S}\)) ne Methane Sewer Gas a Wɔde Di Dwuma Anohyeto ne Confined Plumbing Chase Ahobammɔ.