Nsuyiri Akwanside ne Anhwea Nkotoku Fasu Mfiridwuma: Pyramid Stacking Ratio, Polyethylene Sheeting Skirt, Sump Check Valves, ne Fam Nsuo a Wɔde Gyina¶

Sɛ asubɔnten mu nsu a ɛrekɔ soro, nkurow akɛse mu nsuyiri a ano yɛ den, anaa mpoano ahum a ɛretu de w’agyapade to asiane mu a, anhwea nkotoku a wɔahyɛ no ma dodo a wɔde ahopere ayɛ adum a ɛda hɔ a wɔde asisi ɔpon bi so tẽẽ no bedi nkogu wɔ simma kakraa bi mu, na ɛbɛtwetwe akɔ akyi anaasɛ ahwe ase wɔ adesoa a ɛwɔ akyi a ɛyɛ nsu a ɛyɛ den ase bere a bere koro no ara mu no, nsuyiri nsu twa ɔfasu no ho hyia koraa denam geysering a ɛkɔ soro fa fam a wɔmmɔ ho ban no so nsu a ɛkɔ nsu mu, tiafi a ɛwɔ fam, ne nsu a wɔde yi nsu mu a wɔmfa valve nni dwuma. Nea enye koraa no, mmɔden a wɔbɔ sɛ "dry-floodproof" ofie bi a emu dɔ a ɛboro 0.91 mita (3.0 anammɔn) wɔ mfinimfini slab level no so no ma hydrostatic uplift a ɛyɛ hu ne lateral masonry pressures ba (over 8.9 kPa / 187 lbs per square foot wɔ ase) a ebetumi abɔ kɔnkrit a wɔanhyɛ no den a wɔde abɔ fam afasu akɔ mu anaasɛ ɛde slab fam mũ nyinaa asensɛn mu te sɛ hyɛmma no anim. Sɛ nsuyiri nsu rekɔ soro ntɛmntɛm dedaw wɔ wo fie ho anaasɛ sɛ atumfoɔ de ahyɛde ma sɛ wontu mfi hɔ a, tu fi hɔ ntɛm ara kɔ baabi a ɛkorɔn, nka kar anaasɛ nkɔ nsuyiri nsu a ɛretu mu da, na fa yɛn nɔma ahorow a egye ntɛmpɛ directory a wɔde kyerɛw nsɛm. Fa civil-engineering akwankyerɛ yi ne yɛn nsuyiri mu anhwea a wɔde gu bag mu, pyramid a wɔde gu mu, plastic a wɔde kyekyere ɔpon ho, ne backflow plug a wɔde si hɔ ho akwankyerɛ, . flash floods nkwagye, . nsuyiri ho ahosiesie ne ahotɔ, na nsuyiri a ɛde anyinam ahoɔden ne adansi ho asiane ahorow ba dan ase akwankyerɛfo.

Sɛ wɔbɛsi nsuyiri akwanside a ɛmma nsu nkɔ mu ankasa a, ɛhwehwɛ sɛ wodi nsuo gyinapɛn a wɔasɔ ahwɛ wɔ afuom a ɛwɔ U.S. Asraafo Mfiridwumayɛfo Kuw (USACE) ne FEMA (Publication P-259 / P-312 / P-936): 1. Wɔhyɛ polypropylene anhwea nkotoku a wɔanwene no ma ma ɛyɛ 50% kosi 66% pɛ (16 to 18 kg / 35 to 40 lbs) enti nkotoku no yɛ petee ma ɛbɛyɛ apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a ɛka bom; 2. Wɔrehyɛ USACE no mu den 3:1 Base-to-Height Pyramid Ratio (baabi a anhwea bag biara a egyina hɔ no nnyinaso trɛw yɛ ne sorokɔ a ɛda hɔ no mmɔho 3) wɔ "Bonding Trench" a wɔayiyi afi mu so bere biara a ɔfasu no sorokɔ boro mita 0.3 (anammɔn 1); 3. Wɔkyekyere anim a ɛkɔ nsuyiri no mu wɔ ɔkwan a ɛkɔ so so 6-mil to 10-mil (150-to-250-micron) polyethylene sheeting skirt a wɔakari no akɔ fam wɔ nansoaa no so ma ayɛ nsuo a ɛyɛ nsuo nsɔano; na 4. Fa Sump Pump Swing/Spring Check Valves, Mechanical Rubber Expansion Plugs, anaa Hydrostatic Floor-Drain Standpipes a wɔde bɛkata mu nsuo a wɔde fa nsuo mu no akwan ano sɛdeɛ ɛbɛyɛ a municipal sewer surcharge rentumi nsuyiri nhyɛ wo fie mu mfi mu nkɔ akyi.

Yɛ eyi mprempren¶

1. Di FEMA 0.91-Meter (3-Foot) Dry-Floodproofing Structural Limit (Never Over-Shield an Unreinforced Wall). Sɛnea FEMA P-936 ne USACE kyerɛ no, afasu a ɛwɔ akyi a wɔde atrae a wɔahyɛ da ayɛ (birikisi a wɔde nnua ayɛ anaa kɔnkrit a wɔde ayɛ tokuru a wɔanhyɛ mu den CMU) ne fam a ɛnyɛ ɔdan a ɛwɔ fam no entumi nnyina nsuyiri nsuo a ɛwɔ akyi no ti bɛboro mita 0.91 (anammɔn 3.0) ano dwoodwoo a ɔfasuo a ɛkɔ mu no nhwe ase a ɛyɛ hu anaasɛ slab buoyancy blowout nni mu. Fa akwansideɛ a ɛwɔ ɔpon ne atwa ho ahyia a ɛtia adan a wɔte mu afasuo no ano hyeɛ nkɔ 0.6 kɔsi 0.9 mita (anammɔn 2 kɔsi 3) max height.
2. Hyɛ sandbags NKUTOO ma 1/2 to 2/3 a ɛyɛ ma (16 to 18 kg / 35 to 40 lbs) na gyaw soro kɔn no a wɔankyekyere (gye sɛ woadi kan de akɔ pallet so). Anhwea kotoku a wɔahyɛ no ma dodo a wɔakyekyere no denneennen bɛyɛ bowling pin a ɛyɛ den na ɛyɛ kurukuruwa a ɛma ahinanan a ɛda hɔ a ɛda nkotoku a nsuyiri nsu fa mu hwie gu no ntam. Gyinapɛn bi a wɔbɛhyɛ ma ** .35 cm x 65 cm (14 in x 26 in) polypropylene bag a wɔanwene** fã pɛ na ɛma wutumi bobɔ menewa a hwee nni mu no petee wɔ bag no ankasa mu duru ase ("tucking the flap") na wotiatia kotoku no so ma ɛnyɛ ahinanan a ɛtrɛw a ɛyɛ tratraa a ɛbɔ denneennen wɔ nhama a ɛwɔ ase hɔ no mu.
3. Drape a ɛkɔ so krataa a 6-mil (150-micron) anaasɛ 10-mil polyethylene tuntum a wɔde akata ɔpon/ɔfasu no so KAN KAN de ayɛ "L-Shaped" apron a nsu ntumi nkɔ mu (Skirt) ANSA na wɔbɛboaboa anhwea kotokuo baako ano. Anhwea kotokuo nko ara yɛ porous, ɛma structural mass, berɛ a polyethylene sheeting no ma nsuo ntumi nkɔ mu ankasa. Fa teyp bɔ plastic no atifi ano sen sɛntimita 30 (nsateakwaa 12) wɔ nsu a wɔhwɛ kwan no so, fa kata ɔfasu no ase na fa fa fam mita 0.9 kosi 1.2 (anammɔn 3 kosi 4) wɔ ɔfã a ɛkɔ nsuyiri no so, fa wo anhwea kotoku pyramid titiriw no sisi asase so atade a ɛda fam no atifi tẽẽ na fa pintinn kɔ fam, na bobɔ abɔnten so anim no kɔ soro wɔ bag ahorow a ɔde kyekyeree fam no anim denam nea etwa to so row a wɔde counter-weight bags ayɛ.
4. Stack adesua ahorow wɔ "Brickwork / Running-Bond" nhyehyɛe a ɛka bom so (USACE 3:1 Base-to-Height Pyramid) na wotiatia bag biako biara so tratraa. Fa ase hɔ kwan no to hɔ tenten (parallel to the direction of water flow), tucking the unfiled open flap wɔ kotoku no ase a ɛhwɛ soro (into the oncoming current) enti nsuo a ɛsen no ntumi nkyere na ɛntwe flap no mmue. Fa wo mpaboa tia bag biara so denneennen na ama woatoto anhwea no mu, na fa ½ bag tenten siw biribiara a edi hɔ no so te sɛ birikisi a wɔde abo ayɛ.
5. Fa plug anaa standpipe biara a ɛwɔ fam fam nsuo, fam-fam shower drain, ne basement tiafi ANSA na abɔnten nsuo akɔ soro. Nsuyiriɛ nsuo tua municipal storm ne sanitary sewers ho ka, na ɛma hydraulic head kɔ soro (H) a ɛbɔ efĩ a wɔmfa nhyehyɛ mu fa wo dan mu nsu a ɛba fam sen biara no mu. Fa cast-iron/brass mechanical T-handle expansion test plug hyɛ basement floor drain biara mu, anaasɛ fa 1.2-mita (4-foot) Schedule 40 PVC Floor-Drain Standpipe hyɛ drain throat no mu na ama hydrostatic ti no ayɛ pɛ a nsuyiri ntumi nkɔ fam.
6. Hwɛ sɛ wo Sump Pump Check Valve no reyɛ adwuma na fa wo 12V DC Battery Backup anaa Nsu-Powered Sump System no hyɛ mu. Hwɛ sɛ vertical 1.5-inch (38 mm) PVC discharge pipe a ɛreforo afi wo sump amena mu: si agyan a ɛwɔ Swing/Silent Check Valve nsɛntitiriw UP (away from the pit), hwɛ sɛ 3/16-inch (4.8 mm) wɔtu anti-airlock weep hole wɔ pump outlet no atifi pɛɛ wɔ amena no mu, na wɔhwɛ sɛ abɔnten so nsuo paipu no ba anyɛ yie koraa no mita 3 (anammɔn 10) fi fapem no ho wɔ nsuyiri gyinabea a wɔhwɛ kwan no so.

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Gyinaesi dua: Nsuyiri akwanside ne akyi nsuo ho banbɔ a ɛfata a wɔbɛpaw na wɔayɛ¶

Fa saa civil-engineering gyinaesi dua yi yɛ wo abɔnten akwanside geometry ne mu backflow seal a egyina nsuyiri no mu dɔ a wɔahyɛ ho nkɔm ne fapem nipadua so.

flowchart TD
    FloodAlert["Nsuyiri Ho Kɔkɔbɔ a Wɔde Ma: Nsu a Wɔasusuw sɛ Ɛmu Bun & Ahoɔhare Ho Nhwehwɛmu"] --> DepthCheck{"Dɛn Ne Nsu a Wɔasusuw sɛ Ɛbɛba atia Ɔdan no?"}
    DepthCheck -->|"<= 0.3 m (1 Foot): Krataa a Ɛnyɛ Den a Ɛsen / Ɔpon ano Aboboano"| DoorwayWrap["SHALLOW DOORWAY SEAL: Fa 6-Mil Poly Skirt Up Frame & Out 1m -> Stack 2-Akwansin Trɛw x 2-kɔ-3-Akwansin a ɛkorɔn Brick-Overlapped Sandbag Dam Across Alcove"]
    DepthCheck -->|"Mita 0.3 kosi mita 0.9 (Anamɔn 1 kosi 3): Nsuyiri no mu dɔ a ɛkɔ fam"| PyramidWall["USACE 3:1 PYRAMID DIKE: Tutu 10cm x 45cm Bonding Trench -> Fa 6-Mil Poly Apron to hɔ -> Si 3:1 Base-to-Height Interlocking Pyramid -> Stomp Ɔfa Biara"]
    DepthCheck -->|"> 0.9 m (> 3 Feet): Nsuo a emu dɔ / Ahoɔhare a ɛkɔ soro"| StructuralLimit["EXCEEDS 3-FOOT DRY-FLOODPROOFING LIMIT: Atenaeɛ afasuo a wɔanhyɛ mu den no bɛbɔ anaasɛ ɛbɛsen -> Ɛbɛtu nkurɔfoɔ afiri hɔ & akɔfa nneɛma a ɛsom boɔ akɔ abansoro a ɛwɔ soro"]
    DoorwayWrap --> SewerCheck{"So Ɔdan no Wɔ Asase ase, Slab Floor Drains, anaa Fam Tiafi?"}
    PyramidWall --> SewerCheck
    SewerCheck -->|"Yiw: Mfinimfini Nsuyiri a Ɛwɔ Abɔnten Nsuyiri Stage Ase"| DrainTriage{"So Wo Kɔnkreti Basement Slab no Yɛ Den/Wɔhyɛ no Den atia Uplift?"}
    SewerCheck -->|"Dabi: Crawlspace/Pier Fapem a ɛkorɔn"| SumpVerify["Hwɛ sɛ Under-Floor Drainage & Toto Asase-Level HVAC / Electrical Condenser Breakers"]
    DrainTriage -->|"Yiw: Nnɛyi Slab a Wɔahyɛ no Den"| MechanicalPlug["FA MECHANICAL EXPANSION PLUGS SI hɔ: Wrench Cast-Iron T-Handle Rubber Test Plugs Gu Fam Nsuo Mu + Hwɛ Valve wɔ Sump + Sandbag Basement Toilet so"]
    DrainTriage -->|"Dabi: Slab a Ɛyɛ Teateaa/Dedaw a Wɔmfa Nhyɛ Mu Den (High Uplift Crack Risk) ."| StandpipeMethod["INSTALL 1.2-METER (4-FT) PVC STANDPIPE IN FLOOR DRAIN: Allows Water Column to Rise Inside Pipe to Equalize Sub-Slab Hydrostatic Pressure Without Flooding Floor"]

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Ɔfã 1: USACE anhwea kotoku a wɔde hyɛ mu ne pyramid a wɔde boaboa ano ho mfiridwuma (The 3:1 Rule) .¶

Anhwea kotoku fasu mfa ntama ahoɔden nsiw nsu ano; ɛsiw nsuo ano denam frictional shear resistance (\(\tau = \sigma \cdot \tan\phi\)) ne gravity dead-weight a ɛne nsuyiri nsuo no tumi a ɛwɔ soro (\(F_H = \frac{1}{2} \rho g (H squared)\)) no bɔ abira.

1. Bag Nneɛma, Nneɛma a Wɔde Hyehyɛ Mu, ne 50% to 66% Fill Mmara¶

• Bag Nkyerɛkyerɛmu: Fa 14 in x 26 in (35 cm x 66 cm) polypropylene a wɔanwene ( .WPP, a ɛba fam koraa 800 to 1,600 hours UV inhibitor) bags anaasɛ burlap bags a wɔansiesie.
• Best Fill Material: Clean, coarse-to-medium builders sand anaa Pit-Run Masonry Sand (a enni abo akɛseɛ a ɛyɛ gravel a ɛboro 1.2 cm / 0.5 in, a ɛmma kotokuo no ntumi nsɔ mu denneennen na ɛntu polyethylene membrane no). Kwati dɔte a ɛtrɛw a ɛho tew (a ɛyɛ mmerɛw na ɛyɛ nsõ bere a ɛyɛ nsu, na ɛma nkotoku ntam akasakasa tow) na kwati dɔte a ɛwɔ soro/atɛkyɛ (a ɛsensɛn hɔ kɔ).
• Nea Enti a Ɛsɛ sɛ Wohyɛ Bags Nkutoo Ma 1/2 to 2/3 Nea edi mũ (16 to 18 kg / 35 to 40 lbs):
• Bag a wɔde fã ahyɛ mu ma no yɛ petee ma ɛyɛ petee a wɔde ahyɛ mu a ne sorokɔ bɛyɛ sɛntimita 10 (nsateakwaa 4) na ne tɛtrɛtɛ yɛ sɛntimita 25 (nsateakwaa 10) na ne tenten yɛ sɛntimita 45 (nsateakwaa 18)**.
• Sɛ wɔtiatia so a, anhwea a ɛho ayɛ hare a ɛwɔ mu no dan kɔ nkyɛnkyɛn ma ɛhyɛ nkotoku abien a ɛwɔ n’ase no v-grooves no ma koraa, na ɛma ɛyɛ aponkɛse a ɛte sɛ dɔte a ɛka bom a ɛyɛ fã bi a ɛrentumi nkɔ mu.
• MFA hama no nkyekyere kotoku no menewa sɛ worehyɛ mu ma wɔ beae hɔ a: Sɛ wokyekyere kotoku no a, ɛma "aso ne nhama" a ɛyɛ den a ɛma nsu kwan no ba. Gyae kotoku no atifi sɛntimita 20 (nsateakwaa 8) a hwee nni mu na ɛnkyekyere, afei bobɔ saa ahinanan a hwee nni mu no fɛfɛɛfɛ petee kotoku no ase bere a wode reto fam no. (Sɛ wɔrehyɛ bag ahorow ma wɔ akyirikyiri kilomita pii wɔ municipal sand depot na wɔde akɔ lɔre mpa so a, kyekyere bag wɔ anofafa a ɛwɔ soro koraa no nkutoo).

2. USACE no na ɛyɛ adwuma 3:1 Base-to-Height Pyramid Ratio & Bonding Trench a ɛwɔ hɔ¶

Sɛ wopɛ sandbag dike biara a egyina hɔ ma ne ho anaasɛ ɔfasu a atwa ho ahyia a ɛkorɔn sen 0.3 mita (1 foot / 3 courses): - Nea 3:1 Mmara (Base Width = 3 × Height): Efisɛ anhwea kotoku a wɔawie a wɔatiatia so no trɛw bɛyɛ 2.5 kosi 3 sen sɛnea ɛyɛ den (approx. 25 cm wide x 10 cm high), ɛsɛ sɛ wo ase nnyinaso adesua no kura bags dodow a ɛwɔ nkyɛnkyɛn wɔ ntrɛwmu mu sɛnea layers a ɛda hɔ gyina hɔ wɔ sorokɔ mu (anaasɛ \(W_{\text{base}} \bɛyɛ 3 \times H\)). - Wɔretutu "Bonding Trench" (Keyway) ma Afasuo a Ɛwɔ Asase/Nsa so: - Nsuyiri nsu de nsu mu nhyɛso a ɛsen biara ba asase no ntam pɛɛ (the toe). Sɛ wode anhwea nkotoku gu sare a ɛyɛ hwerɛma anaa ɔkwan a ɛyɛ torotoro so tẽẽ a, nsu sra nea ɛwɔ ase no so na ɛtwetwe ɔfasu no nyinaa kɔ akyi (sliding shear failure). - Sɛ woresi dɔte anaa sod so a, yi sare sod a ɛyɛ hwerɛma no fi hɔ na tutu Bonding Trench (Keyway) Sɛntimita 10 (nsateakwaa 4 / bag 1 mu dɔ) ne sɛntimita 45 kosi 60 (nsateakwaa 18 kosi 24 / bag 2 tɛtrɛtɛ) wɔ wo fasu no mfinimfini kwan no so. Fa anhwea nkotoku a edi kan no to saa amena no mu sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wɔde mfiri bɛkyekyere ɔfasu no akɔ asase no mu.

+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|     USACE 3:1 PYRAMID SANDBAG WALL + 6-MIL POLYETHYLENE SKIRT DETAIL    |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                                     [Course 4: 1 Bag Wide Top Cap]      |
|   FLOODWATER SIDE               +-----------+                           |
|   (Hydrostatic Head H)          |   BAG 4   |   [Course 3: 2 Bags Wide] |
|          ===                 +--+--------+--+--------+                  |
|      =========approx. approx.             /|   BAG 3   |   BAG 3   |     DRY SIDE     |
|   ===============approx. approx.         / +--+--------+--+--------+--+  (Building    |
|  [6-Mil Poly Skirt]       / /|   BAG 2   |   BAG 2   |B2|   or Doorway) |
|  Folded Over & Anchored  / / +--+--------+--+--------+--+--+            |
|  by Counter-Weight Bag  / / /|   BAG 1   |   BAG 1   | BAG1| [Course 1: |
|  +---------+           / / / +-----------+-----------+-----+  3-4 Wide] |
|  | ANCHOR  |==========/=/=/================================             |
|  +---------+  [6-Mil Polyethylene Apron Under Base] | BONDING TRENCH    |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+

3. USACE Sandbag Dodow Ho Nkontaabu Table (Per 30.5 Meters / 100 Linear Feet anaasɛ Per 3-Foot Doorway) .¶

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Ɔfã 2: Engineering a wɔde yɛ adwuma 6-Mil polyethylene ntama a wɔde akata so ("The Nsuo Ntumi Nkɔ Apron") .¶

Anhwea kotoku fasu a enni plastic membrane no tu fa lita 4 kosi 15 simma biara wɔ linear mita biara mu (1 kosi 4 GPM wɔ linear foot biara mu) fa nkotoku ntam nsonsonoe mu, na ɛde nkakrankakra hyɛ wo kar dan anaa ɔkwan a ɛda ɔfasu no akyi no ma. Nea ɛne eyi bɔ abira no, nsu a wɔde hyɛ plastic krataa a anhwea nkotoku nni mu no tetew fi ɔfasu no so ntɛm ara. Ɛsɛ sɛ woka abien no nyinaa bom yɛ no Composite Membrane-Mass Barrier.

1. Anamɔn 4 "Under-and-Over Skirt" Installation Ɔkwan a wɔfa so de si hɔ¶

1. Paw Plastik a Ɛfata (6-Mil to 10-Mil Adansi Polyethylene anaa Poly a Wɔde Ahama Ahyɛ Mu Den):
2. Mfa thin nni dwuma da 0.7-mil to 2-mil painter’s drop cloths, a ɛtetew bere a wode anhwea mpaboa tiatia so ara pɛ no. Fa nneɛma a emu yɛ duru di dwuma ** .6-mil (0.006 inch / . 152 micron) anaasɛ 10-mil polyethylene vapor barrier sheeting a ɛyɛ tuntum/a emu da hɔ** (wɔtɔn no wɔ 3 m x 30 m / 10 ft x 100 ft rolls mu wɔ adansi nneɛma sotɔɔ ahorow mu).
3. Anchor Vertical Wall / Doorframe Nan a Wontu Puncturing Wɔ Nsuo no Ase:
4. Popa mfutuma fi abɔnten birikisi anaa ɔpon ano nhama a ɛwɔ ɔpon no afã abien no nyinaa so.
5. Fa butyl rɔba teapɔn, po mu polyurethane caulk (Sikaflex), anaasɛ abɔnten so teyp a ɛhyerɛn a nsu ntumi nkɔ mu (Zip System / . Flex Tape) kɔ soro tẽẽ kɔ ɔpon no apon abien no nyinaa so kosi sɛntimita 30 (nsateakwaa 12) wɔ nsu a ɛkorɔn agyiraehyɛde a wɔakyerɛ sɛ ɛwɔ hɔ no atifi, na mia 6-mil plastic krataa a wɔde abɔ ɔfasu no ho denneennen na wɔatwa aboboano no.
6. Mfa nnadewa, staples, anaa screws mfa plastic krataa a ɛwɔ nsuo a wɔahyɛ ho nkɔm no ase da, nnadewa tokuru biara a ɛwɔ nsuo ase no bɛyɛ pressurized jet bere a nsuyiri nsuo kɔ soro no. Nail wood furring strips nkutoo na ɛwɔ ɔsoro paa a ɛwɔ plastic krataa no so (30 cm / 12 inches ABOVE the max water level) de kura krataa no mu bere a woreboaboa nkotoku ano no.
7. Trɛw Horizontal Ground Apron no mu (0.9 to 1.2 Meters / 3 to 4 Feet Abɔnten) & Stack Core Ɔfasu no:
8. Ma plastic krataa biako a ɛkɔ so no ase ntu nkɔ fam mita 0.9 kosi 1.2 (anammɔn 3 kosi 4) wɔ ɔpon anaa ɔfasu no anim.
9. Si wo sandbag pyramid a ɛka bom no wɔ saa plastic apron a ɛda fam no atifi tẽẽ, na hwɛ yiye na woantwitwa plastic no sofa. Bere a nsuyiri nsu kɔ soro wɔ anim kyɛw no so no, nsu adum no ankasa mu duru a ɛkɔ fam (\(\rho g H\)) no mia plastic krataa no so denneennen wɔ kɔnkrit/asate fam no so, na ɛmma nsu ntumi nkɔ anhwea kotoku no ase (under-seepage piping).
10. Wrap the Outer Flap Up the Anim Anim & Pin ne Counter-Weight Bags:
11. Sɛ anhwea kotoku pyramid no du soro koraa a, fa plastic a ɛboro mita 0.6 (anammɔn 2) a ɛtrɛw kɔ ɔfasu no anim no, bobɔ no kɔ soro na fa anhwea kotoku no anim (nsu) a ɛkɔ fam no so, na fa Counter-Weight Anchor Sandbags a emu yɛ duru a ɛtoatoa so biako a etwa to toa nsuyiri no nansoaa ne soro a ɛwɔ soro no ho na ama plastic a wɔde kyekyere no denneennen no akura nkotoku no so denneennen saa asorɔkye ntumi mfa krataa no nkɔ soro.

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Ɔfã 3: Mfimfini nsu fĩ & asase ase nsu a wɔde twa kwan a wobegyae (Sump Check Valves, . Test Plugs, na Standpipes) .¶

Afiewuranom taa de nnɔnhwerew 8 si adesua nhoma mu anhwea kotoku pyramid wɔ wɔn anim ne akyi apon so, na wɔhwɛ sɛ nsu a atɛkyɛ ayɛ mu ma fi ase bɔ fi wɔn ase fam nsu a ɛkɔ fam, ase hɔ a wɔde nsu gu mu, utility sink, ne tiafi kuruwa a ɛwɔ fam mu bere a abɔnten so ahum nsu a ɛkɔ fam no ahyɛ mu ma no.

Wɔ mfitiaseɛ nsuo mfiridwuma (Pascal Mmara a Ɛfa Nsuo a Ɛma Nkitahodiɛ Ho) ase no, wo fie no asase ase nsuo a ɛkɔ nsuo mu no akyi ne nan ase nsuo a ɛkɔ nsuo mu no bata abɔnten kɛseɛ a nsuo ayiri afa so no ho tẽẽ. Sɛ nsuyiri nsu a ɛwɔ abɔnten no kɔ soro mita 1.0 (anammɔn 3.3) sen wo dan ase fam a, wɔde 9.8 kilopascals (1.42 PSI / . 204 lbs per square foot) a ɛkɔ soro hydraulic ti kosi sɛ ebehu ade a ɛbue a ɛba fam sen biara wɔ wo fie mu na abu so kosi sɛ nsu a ɛwɔ dan mu no ne abɔnten nsuyiri dodow bɛyɛ pɛ.

1. Sɛ yɛde 4 Interior Drain & Sewer Backflow Defense Devices toto ho¶

+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|   MECHANICAL EXPANSION PLUG VS. HYDROSTATIC FLOOR-DRAIN STANDPIPE       |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|  OPTION A: MECHANICAL EXPANSION PLUG     OPTION B: PVC STANDPIPE        |
|  (For Modern Thick Reinforced Slabs)     (For Older Thin Concrete Slabs)|
|                                                                         |
|      [Sandbag Weight on Top]                 |    | <- Open Top Above   |
|           +-----------+                      |===approx. | <- Flood Waterline  |
|    =======| T-Handle  |=======               |    |    Balances Head (H)|
|       |   |XXXXPlugXXX|   |               ===+    +=== [Basement Floor] |
|       |   +-----------+   |                  |    | <- Threaded/Rubber  |
|       | ===============approx. approx.  |                  |===approx. |    Standpipe Adapter|
|       +-------------------+                  +----+                     |
|   *WARNING: Locks full upward            *SAFE: Relieves sub-slab uplift|
|    uplift pressure under slab.            by letting column rise in pipe|
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+

2. Anamɔn biara: Wɔbɛyɛ $20 Hydrostatic Floor-Drain Standpipe¶

Sɛ wo fie wɔ obi a ne mfe akɔ anim (pre-1980) hwiee kɔnkrit a ɛwɔ fam a ne kɛse yɛ sɛntimita 5 kosi 8 (nsateakwaa 2 kosi 3) pɛ guu fam, sɛ wode nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn a ɛyɛ den bɛhyɛ fam nsu a ɛkɔ fam no mu bere a nsuyiri kɛse bi reba no betumi akyere asase ase nsu nhyɛso a ɛkɔ soro wɔ ɔbotan no ase na apaapae wo dan ase fam no mu abien. Mmom no, boaboa Floor-Drain Standpipe ano: 1. Yi dade strainer grate no fi wo basement fam drain no mu na susuw menewa no mu ntwemu (mpɛn pii no 50 mm / 2 in, . 75 mm / 3 in, anaasɛ 100 mm / 4 in) na hwɛ sɛ ebia dade a wɔde ayɛ menewa no wɔ nhama a ɛwɔ mu anaa. 2. Fa Schedule 40 PVC paipu** a ne tenten yɛ mita 1.2 kɔsi 1.5 (anammɔn 4 kɔsi 5) a ɛne nsuo a ɛkɔ nsuo mu no ntwemu hyia, a wɔde gluu abɔ threaded male PVC adapter (a wɔde Teflon tape + pipe dope abɔ no kɛseɛ) anaa rubber compression donut / expansion standpipe coupling a ɛtrɛ mu denneennen wɔ nsu a ɛkɔ nsu mu no menewa mu bere a wɔakyekye no denneennen no. 3. Fa gyinabea paipu a ɛda hɔ no hyɛ mu na kyekyere mu tẽẽ fi fam nsu a ɛkɔ fam no mu, na kyekyere anaa kyekyere paipu no atifi wɔ ɔdan adum anaa fam adum a ɛbɛn hɔ a ɛwɔ soro no ho sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a entumi nkɔ fam. 4. Sɛ nsuo a ɛkɔ nsuo mu no bɔ ka boro so mita 0.9 (anammɔn 3) a, nsuo kɔ soro mita 0.9 kɛkɛ wɔ PVC paipu a emu da hɔ/fitaa no mu na ɛgyina, na ɛkari pɛ wɔ nhyɛsoɔ no mu a ɛnhwie nsuo biara nkɔ wo dan ase fam.

3. Sump Pɔmpɛ Check-Valve & Airlock Mfiridwuma¶

Wo basement sump pump no ne wo line a etwa to a wode bɔ wo ho ban denneennen fi nsu a ɛsen fa fapem nan ase nsu a ɛkɔ nsu mu (weeping tile): . 1. Ɔkwan Baako Check Valve (Preventing the Endless Backflow Loop): - A gyina hɔ a ne kɛse yɛ nsateakwaa 1.5 ( .38 mm) Ɛsɛ sɛ wɔde Spring-Loaded Silent Check Valve anaa Flapper Swing Check Valve si hɔ wɔ vertical discharge pipe no mu 30 kɔsi 45 cm (12 kɔsi 18 inches) wɔ sump pit cover no atifi. - Sɛ wonni check valve a ɛyɛ adwuma a, bere biara a pɔmpɛ no bedum no, nsu lita 15 kosi 25 (galɔn 4 kosi 6) a ɛte vertical riser pipe no mu no san kɔ fam tẽẽ kɔ amoa no mu, na ɛhyɛ float switch no ma ɛsɔ na dum wɔ sikɔne 10 biara mu kosi sɛ pɔmpɛ no motor no bɛhyew. - Bio nso, sɛ abɔnten nsuyiri nsu ma wo abɔnten sump discharge pipe no kɔ nsu ase na wo check valve no ayera anaasɛ ɛde nneɛma a asɛe abɔ mu abue a, akyi nsuyiri nsu bɛ siphon akɔ akyi akɔ discharge pipe no mu tẽẽ akɔ wo basement sump pit no mu. 2. Nea 3/16-Inch (4.8 mm) Anti-Airlock Su Tokuru: - Drill biako ** .3/16-inch (4.8 mm) tokuru** kɔ PVC paipu a ɛda hɔ no mu wɔ pɔmpɛ a ɛtwetwe nsuo hyɛn gyinabea ne check valve ntam, a ɛwɔ sump pit no mu wɔ lid no ase (a wɔabɔ no anim kakra akɔ fam akɔ amoa no fasuo no so). - Sɛ sump amoa bi we bere tiaa bi na ɛsan hyɛ mu ma a, mframa kɔhyɛ pɔmpɛ no impeller dan no mu wɔ nsu adum a ɛte check valve no atifi no mu duru ase (Impeller Airlock), a ɛma pɔmpɛ no bɔ denneennen bere a ɛrebɔ nsu zero no. Saa ketewaa no 3/16-inch mogya tokuru ma mframa a wɔakyere no guan ma enti impeller no primes ntɛm ara bere biara.

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Nsɛm a wɔtaa bisa¶

Dɛn nti na FEMA bɔ kɔkɔ sɛ ɛnsɛ sɛ wɔde anhwea nkotoku a ɛkorɔn sen anammɔn 3 (0.91 meters) a wɔde abɔ ofie fasu bi ho?¶

Nsu mu duru yɛ **kilogram 1,000 wɔ cubic mita biara mu (`62.4 pounds per cubic foot`)**, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ hydrostatic pressure kɔ soro linearly bere a emu dɔ ($P = \rho g h$) bere a afã a ɛkɔ mu nyinaa kɔ soro wɔ ɔfasu bi so no kɔ soro bere a nsu no mu dɔ **square ($F \propto (H squared)$)**. Sɛ nsu no mu dɔ yɛ mita 0.91 (anammɔn 3.0) a, ɛkame ayɛ sɛ nsu no de ahoɔden **4.15 kilonewtons wɔ linear mita biara mu (`280+ pounds per linear foot`)** a ɛwɔ mu akyi a ɛtwetwe ne kɛse a ɛkɔ soro (`uplift`) wɔ fam slab no so. Standard atrae afasu a wɔde nnua ayɛ ne cinder-block a ɛyɛ tokuru a wɔanhyɛ mu den (`CMU`) wɔayɛ fapem ahorow no ama mframa adesoa, na ɛnyɛ hydraulic dam adesoa, sɛ emu dɔ boro mita 0.91 (anammɔn 3) a nsuyiri a ɛyɛ kusuu ntumi nsiw ano no ma afasu no pae denneennen kɔ mu denneennen, na ɛde obiara a ɔwɔ mu no to asiane mu.

So "nsu a wɔde yɛ adwuma polymer gel nsuyiri nkotoku" (Quick Dam) ade a wogye tom a wɔde besi anhwea bag ankasa a emu duru yɛ 40-lb ananmu?¶

Polymer a ɛtwetwe nsu kɛse (`SAP`) nkotoku a nsu na ɛyɛ adwuma ( .`which weigh 0.5 lbs dry and swell to 30 lbs when soaked in fresh water`) ho wɔ mfaso ma **dan mu nsuo a ɛtwetwe, nsuo a ɛyɛ hyew a ɛpae, anaasɛ brɛoo, a ɛyɛ komm a ɛdannan ntama-nsuo a ɛkɔ akyiri kodu sɛntimita 15 kɔsi 25 (nsateakwaa 6 kɔsi 10)**, nanso wɔwɔ mfiridwuma anohyetoɔ mmienu a ɛho hia wɔ abɔnten nsuyiri a emu yɛ den mu: (1) **Nkyene nsuo/Brackish Failure:** Superabsorbent sodium polyacrylate gels de wɔn ho to so osmotic nhyɛso a ɛma ɛtwetwe nsu pa, wɔ **mpoano nkyene nsu ahum a ɛretu, nsuyiri a ɛyɛ nkyene wɔ asubɔnten no mu, anaa nsu a ɛyɛ den a ɛwɔ mineral kɛse** mu no, nnuru a wɔde yɛ osmosis no di nkogu na nkotoku no renhuru; ne (2) **Nneɛma a ɛtwe ade ba fam pɔtee a ɛtwe ade ba fam ( .`SG ≈ 1.00`):** Esiane sɛ gel bag yɛ nsu 98% nti, ɛkame ayɛ sɛ ne density te sɛ nsuyiri nsu a ɛrepiapia no no pɛpɛɛpɛ (`zero submerged dead-weight`), a ɛkyerɛ sɛ nsuyiri a ɛkɔ ntɛmntɛm anaa asorɔkye adeyɛ betumi asensɛn nsu mu na apia gel nkotoku akɔ nkyɛn ntɛm bere a wɔde toto quartz anhwea nkotoku a ɛyɛ den ho no (`SG ≈ 1.8 to 2.0` wet).

Mɛyɛ dɛn asiw tiafi a wɔde porcelain ayɛ a ɛwɔ fam anaa asase ase no ano sɛ nsu anyiri bere a kurow no mu nsu a ɛkɔ nsu mu no san kɔ akyi no?¶

Sɛ wo fie nni main-line sewer backwater valve na mmɔnten so nsuyiri bɔ ka sewer lateral no ho a, efĩ bɛforo tẽẽ afi wo tiafi kuruwa a ɛba fam koraa no mu. Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wubesiw tiafi a ɛwɔ fam anaa abansoro a edi kan no ano wɔ tebea a egye ntɛmpɛ mu no: (1) to nsu a ɛwɔ tiafi no akyi no mu na hohoro pɛnkoro na ama kuruwa ne tank no mu ada mpan; (2) yi tiafi no nhama abien a ɛwɔ porcelain tiafi no ase no, ma tiafi no so fi fam flange no so, na kyekyere ** bi mu denneennen.`100 mm (4-inch)` cast-iron mfiridwuma ntrɛwmu sɔhwɛ plug** tẽẽ mu cast-iron/PVC closet flange paipu wɔ fam; **ANAA** (3) sɛ wuntumi mma tiafi so a, pia rɔba bɔɔl a wɔde ntama abɔ mu a emu yɛ duru anaa nea wɔde mframa gu mu ** .`3-to-4-inch` plumbing drain bladder** kɔ akyirikyiri wɔ porcelain outlet throat a ɛyɛ kurukuruwa a ɛwɔ kuruwa no ase no mu, fa mframa gu mu yiye, na fa wedge gyina hɔ a ɛyɛ den `2x4` dua dua a ɛda kyerɛwpon bi a wɔde ato tiafi no ano ne ɔdan atifi nnua a ɛwɔ soro tẽẽ ntam ma enti efĩ nhyɛso a ɛkɔ soro no ntumi npia plug no mfi adi.

Dɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ mede anhwea nkotoku a wɔde adi dwuma yɛ bere a nsuyiri no akɔ fam awie no?¶

Ɛsɛ sɛ wɔde anhwea kotoku anaa polyethylene krataa biara a ɛne nsuyiri nsu a ɛyɛ adwuma dii nkitaho tẽẽ no sɛ **nwura a ɛyɛ hu a abɔde a nkwa wom ne nnuru ayɛ mu fĩ** (`containing raw municipal sewage, E. coli, fuel oil, pesticides, and industrial runoff`). Hyɛ rɔba mpaboa a nsu ntumi nkɔ mu ne nitrile/rɔba nsateaa a emu yɛ duru bere nyinaa bere a worebubu nsuyiri fasu no. **Mfa anhwea a wɔde di dwuma a wɔde nsuyiri kotoku gu mu ngu mmofra anhwea nnaka, agoprama, anaa nhabannuru turo mu da**; wobetumi ayow anhwea a ɛho tew a efi nkotoku a ɛnkaa nsuyiri nsu da mu na wɔde asie wɔ tarp a esiw UV ano ase de asan de adi dwuma bio daakye, bere a ɛsɛ sɛ wɔtow nkotoku a nsuyiri ayɛ mu ma no gu mmeae a wɔboaboa nneɛma ano wɔ kurow no mu wɔ atoyerɛnkyɛm akyi no.

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Akwankyerɛ ahorow a ɛfa ho¶

• Nsuyiri Sandbagging: Pyramid Stacking a ɛfata, Plastic Ɔpon a Wɔkyekyere & Backflow Plugs
• Flash Floods Nkwagye ne Tumi a Wɔtu
• Nsuyiri Ho Ahosiesie, Karka mu Asiane & Ahosan
• Nsuo ayiri Basement: Electrical Shock Asiane & Structural Pumping Mmara
• Nnɔmba a Ɛho Hia Ntɛmntɛm ne Wiase Nyinaa Ɔhaw Ntrɛwmu