Rip currents, undertows, ne po mu nsu a ɛtra ase¶

Nsu a ɛrepaapae no na ɛma nkwagye a asorɔkye mu nkwagyefo yɛ wɔ wiase nyinaa no bɛboro ɔha biara mu nkyem 80 na ekunkum nnipa ɔhaha pii afe biara wɔ Atlantic Po, Pacific Po, India Po, Atare akɛse, ne Mexico Po no ho. Rip current yɛ nsu a ɛyɛ den na ɛyɛ teateaa a ɛsen fi mpoano kɔ fa asorɔkye a ɛrebubu no mu de ahoɔhare a ɛkɔ soro kodu mita 2.4 wɔ sekan biara mu (anammɔn 8 wɔ sekan biara mu), ntɛmntɛm sen sɛnea Olimpik asuguarefo betumi atu mmirika. Sɛ wunim sɛnea wubehu rip current a efi anhwea a ayow no mu ansa na woakɔ nsu no mu, sɛnea wobɛsensɛn nsu mu de akora wo home so na woaguare a ɛne mpoano no ayɛ pɛ sen sɛ wobɛko atia nsu a ɛsen no, ne sɛnea wubegye asuguarefo a ɔrepere denam ade a ɛsensɛn nsu so a worenmene wo ho bedi dwuma no gye nkwa wɔ mpoano. (Gulf of Mexico)

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Yɛ eyi mprempren¶

1. Tena hɔ komm na kae sɛ rip current RENTWE wo wɔ nsuo ase DA: Ehu ne mframa a ɛdɔɔso ma obi mene wɔ rip currents mu, ɛnyɛ nsuo no ankasa. Rip current yɛ katee a ɛyɛ horizontal surface conveyor belt; ɛtwe wo fi mpoano, ɛnkɔ po ase da.
2. Gyae asuguare a wobɛsan akɔ mpoano tẽẽ atia nsu a ɛsen no: Olimpik freestyler mpo ntumi nguare tẽẽ nkɔ rip current kɔn a ɛyɛ mita 2 wɔ sekan biara mu (anammɔn 6.5 wɔ sekan biara mu) so. Sɛ wobɔ mmɔden sɛ wubetu mmirika akɔ anhwea no so tẽẽ a, ɛma wo ntini mu glycogen ne oxygen ɔha biara mu nkyem 100 fi wo mu wɔ sikɔne 60 kosi 90 mu.
3. Fa "Float to Live" gyinabea no sikɔne 60 na ama wo home: Dan wo ti kɔ akyi a w'aso ahyɛ nsu ase, ma wo nipadua no dwo ma ɛnyɛ nsoromma anaa nsoromma a ɛtrɛw, ma wo nan nsensɛn nsu mu sɛnea ɛte, na fa wo nsa brɛoo fa w'asen ho na ama w'ano akɔ so atra nsu so bere a w'ahome brɛ ase.
4. Suguare ma ɛne mpoano no hyia (anaasɛ wohuru fi adi twa asorɔkye a ɛrebubu no ho): Sɛ wohyɛ wo home so wie a, hwɛ mpoano na guare a ɛne mpoano no hyia (wɔ nkyɛn kɔ mpoano, di abɔde mu mframa/mpoano tenten a ɛtwetwe no akwankyerɛ akyi na wotwe wo ho fi abotan so hyɛn gyinabea anaa hyɛn gyinabea biara ho). Sɛ asuguare a wobɛkɔ nkyɛn no te nka sɛ ɛyɛ den dodo a, fa w’akyi kɛkɛ na ma nsu a ɛreworo so no soa wo mita 30 kosi 90 (anammɔn 100 kosi 300) nkɔ asorɔkye a ɛrebubu no ho, baabi a rip current no "ti" no fi awosu mu gyae twe.
5. Angle diagonally back to the beach through the breaking whitewater waves: Sɛ wufi rip channel teateaa no mu pɛ (rip necks dodow no ara yɛ mita 10 kosi 30 pɛ / anammɔn 30 kosi 100 trɛw), dan kɔ mpoano na guare diagonally fa mmeae a whitewater waves are actively breaking, efisɛ bere nyinaa nsu fitaa a ɛrebubu no roll over shallow anhwea na ɛpia wo kɔ anhwea a ayow no ho.
6. Wosow wo nsa biako na teɛm hwehwɛ mmoa (na mpoano sɛ, "Tow, Nkɔ"): Sɛ wuntumi nguare nsan nkɔ mu a, tra w'akyi, ma wo nsa biako so tẽẽ kɔ soro, na teɛteɛm frɛ obi a ɔbɔ nkwagye. Sɛ wowɔ mpoano rehwɛ obi a ɔrepere wɔ rip current mu a, frɛ wo mpɔtam hɔ nɔma a egye ntɛmpɛ (911 wɔ United States ne Canada, 112 wɔ Europa Aman Nkabom no nyinaa mu, 999 wɔ United Kingdom, anaa 000 wɔ Australia; hwɛ yɛn nɔma ahorow a egye ntɛmpɛ guide) na nsuguare mfi adi da a wunni surfboard, bodyboard, life ring, anaa picnic cooler a ɛda mpan a wɔde latched.

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Ntɛm ara rip current nkwa ne guankɔbea flow¶

Sɛ wo nan fi anhwea ase mpofirim na wuhu sɛ mpoano no retwe ne ho wɔ w’akyi a, di saa nkwagye dua a egyina akwankyerɛ a efi United States Lifesaving Association (USLA), NOAA, Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI, United Kingdom), ne Surf Life Saving Australia (SLSA) hɔ so anammɔn biara akyi.

flowchart TD
    Caught["Anamɔn Gyae Ase: Wɔtwe Kɔ Po so Fi Mpoano wɔ Rip Current mu"] --> Step1["1. Ko Tia Ehu: Kae sɛ Rip Current NNtwe Wo Nkɔ Nsu ase DA"]
    Step1 --> Step2["2. GYAE Asuguare a Ɛkɔ Mpoano Tẽẽ a Ɛtia Nsuo a Ɛwɔ Hɔ"]
    Step2 --> Float60["3. ‘Float to Live’ for 30 to 60 Seconds: Fa wo ti kɔ akyi, w’aso wɔ nsu mu, di ɔhome so"]
    Float60 --> CheckEnergy{"4. Hwɛ Wo Asuguare Ahoɔden ne Mprempren Ɔkwan a Wofa so"}
    CheckEnergy -->|Option A: Strong Swimmer & Open Beach| SwimParallel["Aguare Parallel to Shore (a ɛwɔ nkyɛnkyɛn drift na akyirikyiri fi pier/jetty biara) mita 15 kosi 30 (anammɔn 50 kosi 100) ."]
    CheckEnergy -->|Option B: Swim Sideways Feels Too Hard or Circular Rip| FloatOut["Fa W’akyi Na Tena Mprempren no so Mita 30 kosi 90 (anammɔn 100 kosi 300) Fi adi Twam Asorɔkye a Ɛbubu Faabi a Twe Gyina no"]
    CheckEnergy -->|Option C: Exhausted, Injured, or Weak Swimmer| SignalHelp["Tena Floating wɔ Akyi, Ma Baako Baako So Kɔ soro, na Teɛm hwehwɛ Lifeguard anaa Surfboard Rescue"]
    SwimParallel --> Whitewater["5. Dannan na Guuaree Diagonally San Kɔ Mpoano Fa Nsu Fitaa Asorɔkye a Ɛbubu (Wɔ Anhwea a Ɛnyɛ Den So) So ."]
    FloatOut --> SwimClear["Guare mita 20 (anammɔn 65) kɔ nkyɛnkyɛn wɔ breakers no akyi, afei fa nsu fitaa a ɛrebubu no yɛ w’anim"]
    SwimClear --> Whitewater

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Rip currents vs undertows vs shorebreaks vs asorɔkye a ɛreworo so¶

Wɔn a wɔkɔ mpoano no taa frafra nsɛmfua "rip current," "undertow," "rip tide," ne "shorebreak." Esiane sɛ po mu nneɛma anum yi mu biara ma nsu kɔ baabi foforo koraa nti, sɛ wode ɔkwan a ɛnteɛ a wɔfa so guan di dwuma a, ebetumi de wo ato asiane mu ntɛm ara.

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Rip currents ahorow 4 no ntease ne nea enti a ebinom di akɔneaba wɔ loops mu¶

Nnɛyi mpoano po ho nhwehwɛmu (a nhwehwɛmufo te sɛ Oduruyɛfo Rob Brander a ɔwɔ Australia, RNLI a ɛwɔ United Kingdom, ne NOAA a ɛwɔ United States di anim) kyerɛ sɛ ɛnyɛ rip current nyinaa na ɛyɛ wɔn ade ɔkwan koro so. Rips ahorow anan a ɛsono emu biara no ntease, ne nea enti a floating yɛ adwuma bere a swimming parallel di nkogu no, wie wo nkwagye nnwinnade no.

1. Nneɛma anan a ɛwɔ nipadua mu a ɛyɛ rip currents¶

1. Channelized (Bathymetric / Low-Tide) Rips: Ɛyɛ nea ɛtaa ba wɔ mpoano a anhwea wɔ wɔ Atlantic Po no ho, Mexico Po no, Pacific mpoano, ne Australia. Wɔasen no wɔ amena a emu dɔ a ɛyɛ fã bi a ɛtra hɔ daa mu wɔ anhwea abien a emu nnɔ ntam, saa mpaapaemu yi betumi atra beae koro pɛpɛɛpɛ nna anaa adapɛn pii na abɛyɛ asiane kɛse wɔ nnɔnhwerew 2 ansa na Low Tide aba ne ɛno akyi, bere a anhwea a emu nnɔ no siw nsu a ɛsan ba baabiara ano gye sɛ ɛwɔ amena a emu dɔ a apaapae no mu. (Gulf of Mexico)
2. Boundary (Topographic / Structure) Rips: Rips currents a ɛtra hɔ daa, a emu yɛ den a ɛsen kɔ po mu tẽẽ wɔ mpoano dan a ɛyɛ den nkyɛn, te sɛ abotan groin, abo jetty, kɔnkrit mpataayi hyɛn gyinabea, hyɛn gyinabea a ɛbubu nsuo, anaa abɔdeɛ mu abotan ti. Bere biara a nsu a ɛsen fa mpoano tenten bɛbɔ hyɛn gyinabea anaa abotan so hyɛn gyinabea no, ɛdan no digrii 90 tẽẽ kɔ nsu a emu dɔ mu.
3. Flash Rips: Bere tiaa mu, rip currents a wontumi nhu a ɛba bere a mpofirim "set" a ɛpo asorɔkye 4 kosi 6 a ɛsõ sen sɛnea wɔtaa yɛ no bubu ntɛmntɛm wɔ beae biako, na ɛboaboa nsu a ɛsan tetew kɔ po mu a enhia sɛ wɔde anhweatam a ɛtra hɔ daa no boaboa ano. Flash rips pue simma 2 kosi 5, ɛkɔ mpoano, na ɛyera, na ɛma ɛtaa ba wɔ nna a ahum tu na ɛhɔ yɛ hyew no mu.
4. ** Megarips**: Rip currents akɛse a ɛbɔ ntɛmntɛm a ɛtrɛw kɔ mpoano mita 300 kosi 1,000 (anammɔn 1,000 kosi 3,300) wɔ embayments ne coves a ɛso yɛ toro mu bere a ahum akɛse a ɛyɛ mita 3 kosi 5 (anammɔn 10 kosi 16) tu no.

2. Nea enti a "Float to Live" ne "Swim Parallel" bom yɛ adwuma (Circulating vs Exiting flow) .¶

Po mu GPS drifter nhwehwɛmu ahorow dii buoys mpempem pii a ɛsensɛn nsu so a wɔde ahyɛ rip currents a ɛte ase mu akyi na wohuu nsu a ɛsen no akwan abien a ɛho hia:

• The Eddying / Circulating Loop (bɛyɛ 70% to 80% of moderate surf rips): Sɛ́ anka ɛbɛtow asuguarefo tuo akɔ po a emu dɔ no mu na woagyaw wɔn wɔ hɔ no, rip current no sen fi adi fa Neck no mu, trɛw kɔ Head no mu twa asorɔkye a ɛrebubu no ho hyia pɛɛ, ɛkɔ nkyɛnkyɛn wɔ kurukuruwa kɛse bi mu san fa anhwea a emu dɔ a ɛbɛn hɔ no so, ne kar ahorow adeɛ a ɛsensɛn nsuo mu san kɔ nsuo fitaa a ɛrebubu a ɛnyɛ den no mu pɛɛ wɔ simma 3 kɔsi 5 ntam. Nanso, sɛ asuguarefo bi bɔ mmɔden sɛ obeguare a ɛne mpoano no ayɛ pɛ wɔ ɛnyɛe nkyɛn (ɔguare tia feeder/longshore current a ɛreba no a, wobetumi ate nka sɛ wɔwɔ treadmill a egyina hɔ so.
• Guankɔbea Mmara a Wɔaka abom:
• Bere nyinaa di kan hyɛn mu simma 30 kosi 60 ("Float to Live") na ama ehu agyae na woate ɔkwan a nsu no rekɔ so no nka.
• Hwɛ asorɔkye a ɛrebubu wɔ wo benkum ne nifa: Paw ɔkwan a nsu fitaa asorɔkye rebubu bɛn no na hwɛ ɔkwan a mframa ne afã a ɛtwetwe no pɛ sɛ ɛde wo kɔ.
• Sɛ wowɔ hyɛn gyinabea, abotan so hyɛn gyinabea, anaa beae bi a ɛwɔ soro nkyɛn a, MMFA GUARE nkɔ ɔdan no ho DA: Aguare bere nyinaa kɔ akyirikyiri fi hyɛn gyinabea anaa abotan no ho.
• Fa nsu fitaa a ɛrebubu no san kɔ anhwea so: Mmɔ mmɔden da sɛ wobɛguare asan akɔ mpoano akɔfa ɔkwan koro no ara a ɛyɛ sum, petee, na ɛte sɛ nea ɛyɛ komm a ɛtwee wo fii mu no so. Bere nyinaa guare san fa foamy whitewater surf zone, baabi a anhwea a emu nnɔ ma wutumi gyina hɔ na asorɔkye a ɛreba no piapia wo kɔ mpoano.

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Sɛnea wubehu rip current a efi mpoano (The 2-Minute Dune Check) .¶

Ansa na wobɛma mmofra atu mmirika akɔ asorɔkye no mu anaasɛ wode wo mpopaho bɛto mpoano a obiara nwɛn so, nantew akɔ anhwea a ɛyɛ nwunu berm a ɛkorɔn sen biara, dune crossover, anaa boardwalk so, beae a ɛkorɔn no ma ɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ wubehu rip channels mpɛn 10, na hyɛ polarized sunglasses (a ɛma wim hann a ɛwɔ soro no fi hɔ sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wubetumi ahu nsu ase anhweatam no kɔla).

Nneɛma anum a wɔde aniwa hu a ɛsɛ sɛ wohwɛ ansa na woahyɛn po no mu¶

• 1.1. Nsu fitaa asorɔkye a ɛrebubu ntam a ɛyɛ sum na ɛyɛ tratraa: Ɔkwan bi a ne tɛtrɛtɛ yɛ mita 6 kosi 30 (anammɔn 20 kosi 100) a asorɔkye gyae mpofirim bere a asorɔkye fitaa bɔ wɔ afã abien no nyinaa.
• 2.1. Nsu kɔla a ɛyɛ tuntum (Nsu a emu dɔ yɛ tuntum; anhwea a emu nnɔ yɛ tan/aqua): Esiane sɛ hann fi anhwea a emu nnɔ mu nti, anhwea a ahobammɔ wom no te sɛ nea ɛyɛ tan a ɛhyerɛn, sika kɔkɔɔ, anaa turquoise a ɛyɛ hare. Amena a emu dɔ a ɛpaapae no twetwe hann na ɛte sɛ ahabammono tuntum, po so bruu, anaa fango.
• 3.1. "Asubɔnten" a ɛyɛ choppy, rippled texture moving against the waves: Sɛ mpo nsonsonoe kɛse biara nni hɔ a, rip current no ani te sɛ nea ɛyɛ basabasa, ɛyɛ abon, na ɛyɛ basabasa, te sɛ asubɔnten a ɛsen ntɛmntɛm a ɛsen kɔ abɔnten kɔ nsuyiri a ɛreba no mu.
• 4.1. Anhwea a ɛho ntew, ɛpo mu nnua, anaa ahuru fitaa a ɛrehuruhuruw a ɛrehuruhuruw a ɛrekɔ po so: Hwɛ po mu ahuru fitaa a asorɔkye a abubu agyaw no. Sɛ wuhu sɛ ahurututu a ɛyɛ ahurututu, anhwea bruu a ɛrehuruhuruw, anaa sargassum po mu nnua a ɛretu mmirika akɔ fam atwa abubuw no ho akɔ mununkum a ɛte sɛ nsenia mu a, na worehwɛ nsu a ɛrepaapae tẽẽ.
• 5.1. Hyɛn gyinabea biara, abotan a ɛwɔ akyi, hyɛn gyinabea, anaa ahum nsu a ɛkɔ nsu mu: Fa no sɛ ɔhye a ɛtwetwe nsu a ɛtra hɔ daa no resen fa hyɛn gyinabea biara, abotan a wɔaboaboa ano, anaa po so ɔfasu biara a ɛwɔ mpoano no afã abien no nyinaa so pɛɛ. Anyɛ yiye koraa no, tra mita 45 kosi 60 (anammɔn 150 kosi 200) fi mpoano adan nyinaa ho.

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Safe bystander rescue: nea enti a Samariafo Pa nsuo ne sɛnea "Tow, Nkɔ".¶

Akontaabu a ɛyɛ awerɛhow sen biara a United States Lifesaving Association (USLA), Surf Life Saving Australia, ne National Water Safety Forum (United Kingdom) kyerɛwee no mu biako ne sɛ awofo ne akokodurufo a wɔhwɛ no du du pii nsu afe biara bere a wɔrebɔ mmɔden sɛ wobegye abofra anaa ɔhɔho bi wɔ rip current mu, na wɔ saa nnipa a wɔte hɔ a wodi awu no mu dodow no ara mu no, onipa a wodii kan kyeree no wɔ rip current no mu no tra ase bere a ogyefo wu.

Anamɔn 5 Beach Bystander Rescue Protocol ("Frɛ, Ɔkyerɛkyerɛfo, Tow, Flotation-Kɔ")¶

Sɛ wuhu sɛ abusua no muni anaa ɔhɔho bi a rip current retwe no afi mu wɔ mpoano a obiara ntumi nhu no a:

1. Fa obi nsa sɛ ɔmfrɛ 911 / 112 / 999 / 000 ntɛm ara na ɔhyɛ beae a ɛwɔ anhwea no so no agyirae:
2. Fa wo nsa kyerɛ obi pɔtee bi a ɔte hɔ wɔ mpoano hɔ tẽẽ na ka sɛ: "Wo a wohyɛ atade bruu no, frɛ 911 mprempren ara na ka kyerɛ wɔn sɛ asuguarefo bi wɔ rip current mu wɔ [Beach Access / Street Number]."
3. Fa mpopaho, cooler, anaa dua a ɛteɛ to anhwea a ɛyɛ nwunu a ɛne asuguarefo no hyia tẽẽ ne asase agyiraehyɛde bi a ɛyɛ pintinn wɔ w’akyi no mu sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wubetumi ahu baabi a wɔde wɔn ho kɔ nkyɛnkyɛn no.
4. Tu mmirika kɔ nsuo no ano na teɛm 6-word coaching command:
5. Nnipa dodow no ara a wɔwɔ rip current mu no da so ara wɔ nsu atifi na sɛ wo ne afoforo a wɔkɔ mpoano teɛteɛm abom a, wobetumi ate wo. Kuruwa wo nsa na teɛm sɛ: "FLOAT ON YOUR BACK. SWIM SIDEWAYS." bere a wode wo nsa abien no nyinaa di dwuma de kyerɛ mpoano hɔ tẽẽ wɔ ɔkwan a nsu no rekɔ so no. Sɛ wuhu nnipa a wɔwɔ mpoano sɛ wɔrekyerɛkyerɛ wɔn a, ɛma nea wɔayɛ no bɔne no suro ntɛm ara.
6. Fa BIARA a ɛwɔ mpoano a ɛsensɛn nsuo mu ansa na obiara akɔ nsuo no mu:
7. Scan mpoano hɔ simma 5. Ɛkame ayɛ sɛ mpoano biara wɔ anyɛ yiye koraa no ade biako a ɛtumi tu mmirika kɛse a ɛte anhwea no so wɔ mita 30 mu:
   • Surfboard, longboard, bodyboard (boogie board), anaa stand-up paddleboard (ɛde kɔ akyiri no, ɛyɛ nnwinnade a egye nkwa #1 wɔ mpoano biara, frankaa hyɛ surfer biara a ɔwɔ nsu no mu ntɛm ara).
   • Plastic picnic cooler a hwee nni mu a wɔabɔ ano anaasɛ wɔakura mu: Tow nsukyenee, nkankyee, ne sandwiches no gu anhwea no so pɛɛ na fa nkataso no twa mu. Plastik cooler a wɔde foam ayɛ a ɛyɛ lita 30 kosi 50 a wɔahyɛ da ayɛ no kura mframa a ɛdɔɔso a ɛbɛtumi asen mpanyimfo baanu a wɔanyinyin a wɔmmɔ mmɔden biara.
   • Mpoano nkwagye ring buoy anaa torpedo buoy a wɔde asisi boardwalk posts so (wɔ UK no, frɛ 999 na bisa Coastguard bere a wode ɔmanfo throwlines reyɛ adwuma no).
   • Nkwagye jacket (PFD), hyɛmma a wɔtow cushion, anaasɛ plastic nsu toa a hwee nni mu a wɔatoto mu a emu duru yɛ lita 4 (galɔn 1). (Hyɛ no nsow: Kwati agode a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a wɔde mframa gu mu anaa mframa mattress wɔ mpoano mframa a ɛbɔ ntɛmntɛm sen sɛnea wubetumi asuguare no mu.)
8. Sɛ po so asuguarefo a ne ho akokwaw de board anaa cooler pue a, MMFA wo nsa nka nea wɔakum no no tẽẽ DA:
9. Sɛ woyɛ po so asuguarefoɔ a wo ho yɛ den, wowɔ ahotosoɔ a wowɔ surfboard, bodyboard, anaa cooler a hwee nni mu na ɛsɛ sɛ wohyɛn nsuo no mu a, fa board wrist leash no to wo ankle/wrist na gyina mita 2 (6 feet) akyirikyiri firi asuguarefoɔ a ehu aka no no ho.
10. Pia surfboard, bodyboard, anaa cooler a ɛwɔ w'anim no hwene kɔ wɔn nsam na teɛm sɛ: "Fa board no. Kura board no mu, nkyere me."
11. Sɛ wɔbata ade a ɛsensɛn nsu so no ho na wɔhome wie a, twɛn ma wɔn ehu no ano brɛ ase sikɔne 30, afei ma mpaapaemu no mfa mo baanu nyinaa nkɔ abɔnten ntwa nneɛma a ɛbubu no ho anaasɛ mommɔ mo nan so nkɔ mpoano kosi sɛ mobɛfa anhwea fitaa a emu nnɔ no so.
12. Aduruyɛ mu nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ wɔ anhwea no so wɔ nkwagye akyi (Secondary / Delayed Lung Injury):
13. Sɛ nea wɔayɛ no bɔne no ntumi nyɛ hwee na ɔnhome bere a wɔatwe no akɔ anhwea no so a, fi ase ahome 5 a edi kan a wɔde gye nkwa na di akyi 30:2 CPR ntɛm ara (esiane sɛ koma a ɛmene no fi oxygen kɔm na ɛde ba nti, nkwagye ahome ho hia kɛse; hwɛ yɛn nsuo a ɛmene mu a wɔsan nya nkwa ho akwankyerɛ).
14. Sɛ mpo asuguarefoɔ a wɔagye no no fi nsuo no mu rekasa, sɛ ɛpo mu nsuo menee wɔn, wɔfefe a ɛkɔ so, wɔn ahurututuo a ɛyɛ nwini, wɔhome ntɛmntɛm, wɔn koko mu yaw, anaa ɔbrɛ a ɛyɛ soronko a, fa wɔn kɔ ayaresabea dwumadibea a wɔhwɛ ntɛmpɛ so ntɛm ara. Aspirated hypertonic saltwater sɛe ahurututu mu surfactant na ɛtwe nsu fi capillaries mu kɔ mframa kotoku no mu (non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema), a ebetumi ama oxygen a ɛyɛ hu akɔ fam nnɔnhwerew 2 kosi 8 bere a woafi mpoano akyi.

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Nsuonwini a ɛyɛ hu, Great Lakes rips, ne mframa a ɛwɔ mpoano ho asiane¶

Po mu nsu a egye ntɛmpɛ trɛw kɔ akyiri sen mpoano a ɛhɔ yɛ hyew a ɛhɔ yɛ hyew. Sɛ yɛte nsuonwini mu abɔde a nkwa wom, Great Lakes nsu pa mu nsu a ɛsen, ne mframa a ɛbɔ wɔ mpoano ase a, esiw awerɛhosɛm ano wɔ mmeae a wim yɛ hyew.

1. Nsuo a Ɛyɛ Nwini a Wɔde Hyehyɛ Mu ne "Float to Live" (RNLI UK & Coast Guard protocol) no afã 3 no .¶

Wɔ United Kingdom, Ireland, Canada, United States atifi fam, ne Australia/New Zealand kesee fam no, mpoano po ne ɔtare mu nsu taa kɔ so yɛ nea ɛba fam sen digrii Celsius 15 (digrii Fahrenheit 59) wɔ awɔw bere mu awiabere a owia bɔ kɛse mpo.

• Stage 1: Nsuonwini a Ɛyɛ Ahodwiriw (Simma 1 kosi 3 a Edi Kan , The #1 Killer): Wo nwu wɔ hypothermia mu wɔ simma 3 a edi kan no mu wɔ nsuonwini mu; hypothermia gye simma 30+. Mmom no, sɛ wobɔ nsu a ɛba fam sen 15°C (59°F) a, ɛkanyan Cold Shock Response a ɛnyɛ wo pɛ: gasp reflex a wontumi nsiw ano (sɛ wo ti wɔ nsu ase bere a worehome a, wohome nsu lita 1.5 kɔ w’ahurututu mu tẽẽ), na ɛno akyi no, mframa a ɛboro so a wobɛhome 60+ simma biara ne koma a ɛbɔ ne mogya mmoroso a ɛkɔ soro kɛse.
• Sɛnea wobɛnya nkwa wɔ Nsuo a Ɛyɛ Nwini mu Ahodwiriw: Di UK Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) "Float to Live" mmara akyi: Ko wo nkate a ɛne sɛ wobɛbɔ anaa wobɛguare denneennen wɔ sikani 60 kosi 90 a edi kan no mu. Da wo ti san kɔ akyi a w’aso wɔ nsu no mu, ma wo mframa kwan no mu tew, na fa wo ho hyɛ mu kɛkɛ kosi sɛ awɔw mframa a wompɛ no bɛsan ayɛ twam na wo home san ba w’adwene mu tumi ase. Afei nkutoo na wobɛguare anaasɛ wobɛkyerɛ mmoa.
• Stage 2: Cold Incapacitation / Swim Failure (Simma 3 kosi 30): Bere a wɔde mogya fi wo nsa ne wo nan ho na ama wo core no ayɛ hyew no, ntini a ɛwɔ akyi ne ntini a ɛwɔ wo nsateaa, wo nsateaa, ne anantwi mma no mu no dwo na ɛmma wontumi nyɛ adwuma yiye. Wɔ simma 10 kosi 15 mu wɔ nsu a ɛyɛ 10°C (50°F) mu no, asuguarefo a wɔn ho yɛ den mpo hwere tumi a wɔde bɛtwe akuturuku anaasɛ wɔbɛkyere hama a wɔde gye nkwa; fa wo ho hyɛ biribi a ɛsensɛn nsu mu anaasɛ twa wo nsa ansa na wo nsa ayɛ mmerɛw.

2. Atare akɛse ne nsu pa atare akɛse a ɛtwetwe nsu¶

Akwantufo pii a wɔkɔ asase mu no nnim sɛ Amerika Atifi fam Atare akɛse (Ɔtare Michigan, Ɔtare Superior, Ɔtare Erie, Ɔtare Huron, ne Ɔtare Ontario) no ma nsu a ɛpaapae a edi awu, nsu a ɛyɛ hye a ɛwɔ adan mu wɔ kɔnkrit hyɛn gyinabea atenten so, ne nsu a ɛyɛ seiche a ekunkum asuguarefo du du pii awɔw bere biara.

• Esiane sɛ nsu pa ɔha biara mu nkyem 2.5 sua sen po mu nsu a nkyene wom nti, nnipa sensɛn nsu mu wɔ Atare akɛse no mu ma ɛda adi sɛ ɛba fam sen Atlantic anaa Mexico Po no mu. (Gulf of Mexico)
• Great Lakes asorɔkye wɔ asorɔkye bere tiaa koraa (sɛnea ɛyɛ sikɔne 3 kosi 5 wɔ asorɔkye ntam, sɛ wɔde toto sikɔne 10 kosi 14 a ɛwɔ po mu ho a), a ɛkyerɛ sɛ asorɔkye a ɛrebubu bɔ asuguarefo a wabrɛ wɔ ogya a ɛretu ntɛmntɛm nnidiso nnidiso a ɛkame ayɛ sɛ bere a ɔde bɛhome. Mma nnhuruw mfi kɔnkrit hyɛn gyinabea ti a ɛwɔ Atare akɛse no so da bere a asorɔkye rebubu atia hyɛn gyinabea no.

3. Asiane a ahintaw a ɛwɔ Offshore Winds ne inflatable rafts mu¶

Sɛ mframa no rebɔ fi asase so akɔ po no so (Mframa a Ɛwɔ Po so) a, ɛma asorɔkye a ɛreba a ɛbɛn mpoano no yɛ petee, na ɛma nsu no yɛ te sɛ ahwehwɛ a ɛyɛ nnaadaa na ɛyɛ komm te sɛ asuguarebea.

• Wɔbɔ mmofra a wɔte swan a wɔde mframa gu mu, mframa mattress, inner tubes, anaa foam paddleboards a emu yɛ hare so wɔ mpoano mframa mu no bɔ mita 200 kosi 500 (anammɔn 650 kosi 1,600) kɔ po mu wɔ nea ennu simma 3 mu.
• Sɛ ahyɛmma a wɔde mframa gu mu rebɔ akɔ po so a: Mma ntra afiri a wɔde mframa gu mu a aguan no atifi da kosi sɛ wobɛkɔ mpoano kilomita biako, na nsuguare mfi adi da wɔ agode a wɔde bɔ mframa a hwee nni mu akyi. Gyae afiri a wɔde mframa gu mu no ntɛm ara bere a woda so ara wɔ nsu a emu dɔ kodu w’asen kosi wo moma so a ɛbɛn mpoano no mu, na mfa mframa a wɔde mframa gu mu a wɔmfa hama nni dwuma wɔ po a ɛda hɔ no mu da.

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Amanaman ntam mpoano kɔkɔbɔ frankaa ne "10-to-1" nkwagyefo ahobammɔ mmara¶

Sɛnea United States Lifesaving Association (USLA) akontaabu kyerɛ no, hokwan a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ obi bɛmene wɔ mpoano a nkwagyefo a wɔwɔ adansedi krataa abɔ ho ban denneennen no nnu ɔpepem 18 biara mu 1. Bere biara a ɛbɛyɛ yiye no, guare wɔ baabi a obi a ɔbɔ nkwagye ho ban a ɔyɛ nnam betumi ahu nkutoo, na wɔ United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, Europa, ne South Africa no, aguare bere nyinaa wɔ frankaa a wɔabɔ no fã a ɛyɛ Kɔkɔɔ ne Kɔkɔɔ no ntam katee.

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Nsɛm a wɔtaa bisa¶

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Sources a wɔhwɛɛ mu¶

• Ɔman Po ne Wim Tebea Dwumadibea (NOAA) ne Ɔman Wim Tebea Dwumadibea (NWS, United States): "Break the Grip of the Rip." ɔman ahobammɔ ɔsatu, rip mprempren bathymetric ne hydrodynamic nkɔmhyɛ nhwɛso ahorow, ne Great Lakes structural/seiche mprempren afotu ahorow.
• United States Nkwagye Fekuw (USLA, United States): Ɔman mpoano nkwagye akontaabu ho nsɛm a wɔakora so, surf nkwagyefo nkwagye ho nhyehyɛe, ne nsu mu nkwagye a wowuwu a wɔn a wɔhwɛ no ho nhwehwɛmu.
• Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) ne HM Coastguard (United Kingdom): "Float to Live" nsuonwini mu ahodwiriw ne rip mprempren nkwa ho akwankyerɛ (wɔne Ɔbenfo Mike Tipton, Extreme Environments Laboratory, Portsmouth Sukuupɔn yɛɛ).
• Surf Life Saving Australia (SLSA) ne UNSW Beach Safety Research Group (Dr. Rob Brander, Australia): GPS Lagrangian drifter nhwehwɛmu a ɛfa eddy rips a ɛkyinkyini ne ɔhye so guankɔbea, "Think Line" rip spotting protocols, ne frankaa kɔkɔɔ ne kɔkɔɔ ahobammɔ gyinapɛn ahorow ho.
• Amanaman Ntam Nkwagyeɛ Fekuo (ILS): Amanaman Ntam Gyinapɛn a ɛfa Mpoano Ahobanbɔ ne Amanneɛbɔ Frɛko ho (ISO 20712) ne wiase nyinaa nsuo a ɛmene a wɔsan nya nkwa gyinabea ho nsɛm.
• Amerika Mmeamudua Kɔkɔɔ ne Amanaman Ntam Mmeamudua Kɔkɔɔ ne Ɔsram Kɔkɔɔ Fekuw Fekuw (IFRC): "Du anaa Tow, Nkɔ" nsu mu nkwagye a wɔde di dwuma a wɔnyɛ asuguarefo a wɔhwɛ no ne nsu ase hypoxia / ahurututu mu edema triage.

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Akwankyerɛ ahorow a ɛfa ho¶

• Nsuo mu nkwagyeɛ ne nsuo mu nkwagyeɛ mmoa a ɛdi kan
• Jellyfish, stingray, ne po mu stings mmoa a edi kan
• Ahyɛmma a ɛdannan ne nsuonwini mu nkwagye
• Tsunami kɔkɔbɔ nsɛnkyerɛnne ne mpoano a wotu fi hɔ
• Nnɔmba a egye ntɛmpɛ sɛnea ɔman biara te