Tanning Bed Canopy Collapse, Stuck Timer Relay, ne UV Photokeratitis/Wɔre a Ɛhyew a Ɛyɛ Den¶

Mpa a wɔde yɛ honam ani hwɛbea a ɛkɔ soro a wɔde di gua ne atrae (clamshell sunbeds) de kanea a emu yɛ duru 45 kosi 90 kilogram (100 kosi 200 pound) a ɛwɔ soro a wɔde nitrogen gas struts a wɔahyɛ no den kura mu kɔ soro ne 24 kosi 52 high-output ultraviolet (UV) fluorescent tubes anaa high-pressure quartz anim akanea a ɛtwetwe 3,000 kosi 14,000 watt bom wɔ a 240-volt anaa abiɛsa-fase anyinam ahoɔden circuit. Mfiri anaa anyinam ahoɔden huammɔdi abien mpofirim betumi adan adeyɛ a wɔyɛ daa no ayɛ aduruyɛ ne nipadua mu afiri a egye ntɛmpɛ a emu yɛ den: nea edi kan no, catastrophic gas-strut anaa torsion-spring huammɔdi, a ɛma soro canopy a emu yɛ duru no to wo moma so ne w’anim tẽẽ na nea ɛto so abien, contactor relay contact welding, baabi a dijitaal bere no kan kɔ fam kosi 0:00 (anaasɛ wɔmia STOP bɔtn kɔkɔɔ no) nanso UVA/UVB akanea a ɛma ani fura no kɔ so toto mu wɔ ahoɔden nyinaa mu, na ɛtow obi a ontumi nkɔ baabiara anaasɛ ɔda kosi sɛ obenya nipadua mũ no nyinaa hyew a ɛto so abien ne UV photokeratitis a emu yɛ den (corneal flash burns). Nea enye koraa no, ehu a wobɛbɔ na wode nsa anaa nkotodwe a ɛda hɔ a wobɛpia akɔ soro tẽẽ atia acrylic kanea kyɛm a emu da hɔ a ne kɛse yɛ milimita 3 kosi 5 (nsateakwaa ⅛ kosi 3/16** a abubu no betumi abubu plastic a ɔhyew ayɛ no ma no na ama wo nsateaa akɔ phosphor- ne mercury-vapor glass tubes a ɛrepae mu tẽẽ. Sɛ obi akɔda, ahyew no, anaa wapira wɔ mpa a wɔde twitwiw honam ani a, frɛ wo mpɔtam hɔfo nɔma ahorow a egye ntɛmpɛ ntɛm ara, san hwɛ yɛn aniwa ahɔho ade ne UV flash hyew akwankyerɛ, hwɛ yɛn thermal ne radiation burns mmoa a edi kan ho akwankyerɛ, na wo ne yɛn ahwehwɛ a abubu laceration control akwankyerɛ.

Esiane sɛ ɛkame ayɛ sɛ wɔayɛ mpa biara a ɛda fam a wɔde tanning ayɛ no a wɔabue, a biribiara nsiw ano a ɛyɛ arched end-gaps wɔ clamshell no ti ne ne nan nti, ɛntaa mma sɛ wubehia sɛ wode bench-press canopy a abubu a emu duru yɛ kilogram 80 kɔ soro tẽẽ. Sɛ wotwe wo ho kɔ ti anaa wo nan ano a ɛbue no mu tenten a, ɛma wo nsa ne wo nkotodwe mfi acrylic kyɛm a ɛyɛ mmerɛw no so na ɛyi wo fi mu wɔ sikɔne kakraa bi mu.

Yɛ eyi mprempren¶

1. Sɛ soro canopy no hwe ase wɔ wo so anaasɛ ɛremma so a: MMFI plastic kanea a ɛyɛ tratraa a emu da hɔ a ɛwɔ bɔlɔb ahorow no mfinimfini no so tẽẽ. The curved clear acrylic shield (PMMA / Plexiglas) a ɛkata UV nhama no so no mu duru yɛ milimita 3 kosi 4 (nsateakwaa ⅛) pɛ na ɛyɛ mmerɛw esiane mfe pii UV mframa ne ɔhyew nti. Sɛ wopia acrylic no mfinimfini denneennen a, ebetumi apaapae krataa no mu na wode wo nsa ahyɛ ahwehwɛ a ɛyɛ hyew a ɛte ase a mercury nsu a ɛyɛ hyew wom mu.
2. Fa wo nipadua no tenten kɔ mu fa ti a wɔabue mu a ɛte sɛ U ti awiei anaa nan awiei a ɛwɔ tanning bed no mu. Sɛ mpo tanning bed canopy a ɛda fam no sian kɔ fam nyinaa kɔ ne ahobammɔ gyinabea anaa wo torso so a, ti awiei ne nan awiei a ɛwɔ clamshell no mu no wɔ trɛw a ɛyɛ kurukuruwa fã (sentimita 25 kosi 40 / ne sorokɔ yɛ nsateakwaa 10 kosi 16). Sɛ wuhia sɛ wo koko mu kwan a ɛyɛ sɛntimita kakraa bi na wode wo ho akɔ akyi anaa w’anim a, mia wo nsateaa so abɔnten aluminum a ɛyɛ den anaa fiberglass a wɔayɛ no den a wɔde atwa ho ahyia rim a ɛwɔ canopy no anim ano no NKUTOO bere a worebɔ wo ho akɔ nan anaa ti a wobue no so no.
3. Sɛ timer no bɔ zero anaasɛ wo mia STOP na UV akanea no kɔ so yɛ ON a: fi adi ntɛm ara na twa ahoɔden wɔ ɔfasu no mu disconnect anaa breaker panel no so. High-wattage tanning beds sesa kanea no mprempren denam electromagnetic contactor relay a emu yɛ duru so wɔ mpa no ase anaa ɔfasu adaka no mu. Sɛ dwetɛ alloy relay contacts arc na weld ankasa to mu a, dijitaal keypad button, abɔnten salon T-Max ɔfasu timer, anaa mfiri backup timer no ntumi ndum bɔlɔb ahorow no. Fi mpa no so na twe 240V ɔfasuo plug no, dane AC disconnect switch a ɛwɔ ɔfasuo so, anaa dum double-pole circuit breaker a ɛwɔ anyinam ahoɔden panel no mu.
4. Sɛ woakɔda anaasɛ wo ho ayɛ wo hyew wɔ mpa a wɔde akanea a wɔde weld ayɛ mu na wuntumi ntwe mfi adi ntɛm ara a: fa wo mpopaho a wode guare kata w’ani ne wo were so. Mmue w’ani a ɛda hɔ kwa da nkɔ kanea a wɔde yɛ honam ani hwɛbea a ɛyɛ nnam so sikɔne kakraa bi mpo (UV-B and UV-A irradiance is 3 to 12 times stronger than midday tropical sun). Fa wo FDA/CE-compliant UV Wink-Ease anaa goggles no sie wo orbits no so denneennen, bobɔ wo cotton bath towel no wɔ w’anim ne wo moma so de siw UV photons ano, na twe fi awiei gap no mu.
5. Sɛ acrylic kyɛm bi mu paapae na fluorescent UV tube bi bubu a: kura wo home mu, twe wo ho fi ahwehwɛ a abubu no ho, na gyaw dan no mu fan no ntu mmirika bere a woretu no. Kanea biara a ne tenten yɛ mita 1.8 (anammɔn 6) a wɔde yɛ tan no kura Elemental mercury vapor miligram 5 kosi 25** ne barium/strontium phosphor powder. Mma wo nantiatia ahwehwɛ asinasin no so a wo mpaboa da hɔ; fi dan no mu, to ɔpon no mu wɔ w’akyi, na fa nhyɛso tẽẽ di ahwehwɛ a wɔatwitwa a emu dɔ no ho dwuma.
6. Fi ase gugu nsu a ɛyɛ nwini so ntɛm ara ma honam ani kɔkɔɔ a ɛrehyew na fa nhyɛso a ɛyɛ nwini a ɛyɛ nwini to w’ani so sɛ ɛyaw a ɛyɛ gritty fi ase nnɔnhwerew 4 kosi 12 akyi a. Ultraviolet erythema ne UV corneal flash burns (photokeratitis) wɔ nnaadaa ahintaw fã a ɛyɛ nnɔnhwerew 3 kosi 12 baabi a honam ani nkɔso te nka sɛ ɛyɛ hyew kɛkɛ mfiase no ansa na ayɛ honam ani a ɛyɛ blistering ɔhyew, osu mu edema a emu yɛ den, ne corneaal epithelial sloughing a ɛyɛ yaw.

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Gyinaesi dua: Tanning bed mfiri, anyinam ahoɔden, ne aduruyɛ mu ntɛmpɛ triage¶

Fa saa flowchart yi bua canopy a abubu, UV kanea a wɔde weld ayɛ, mercury-vapor bulbs a abubu, anaa UV hyew a ɛkyɛ wɔ bere a wɔde ahyɛ mu akyi.

flowchart TD
    Start["Tanning Bed Asɛm a Ɛho Hia Ntɛmntɛm"] --> EventType{"Dɛn na ɛrekɔ so mprempren?"}

    EventType -->|"A. Upper Canopy Abubu Anaasɛ Ɛrenkɔ So"| NoCenterPush["1. MFA acrylic a ɛyɛ tratraa a emu da hɔ so nkɔ soro wɔ akanea mfinimfini 2. Fa nsateaa to dade a ɛyɛ den/fiberglass akyi frame anofafa NKUTOO so 3. Wriggle lengthwise out open Head or Foot end-gap"]

    EventType -->|"B. Timer wɔ 0:00 anaasɛ STOP Pressed, Kanea Tra ON"| WeldedRelay["WELDED CONTACTOR RELAY: Digital button ntumi nsɛe welded high-amp contacts. 1. Fi mpa so ntɛm ara 2. Yi 240V NEMA hama a emu yɛ duru no fi plug mu anaa dannan Wall Disconnect / 2-Pole Breaker OFF"]

    EventType -->|"C. Acrylic Kyɛm Apaapae & UV Bulb Abubu"| GlassMercury["MERCURY & GLASS HAZARD: 1. NMPApia tube a abubu 2. Slide out away from shards 3. Hyɛ mpaboa ansa na woatiatia fam 4. Fi dan mu, to ɔpon mu, mframa ma 30+ min"]

    EventType -->|"D. Owia a Ɛyɛ Den anaa Aniwa a Ɛyaw (Nnɔnhwerew 3 kosi 12 Akyiri) ."| ClinicalTriage{"Hwɛ baabi a honam ani akisikuru no ayɛ ne aniwa mu sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow"}

    NoCenterPush --> PostCheck["Sɛ wufi adi pɛ a: Hwɛ sɛ akanea da so ara reyɛ adwuma anaa na hwɛ honam ani hwɛbea sɛ ɛyɛ hyew/atwitwa anaa"]
    WeldedRelay --> Lockout["Tag mpa OUT OF SERVICE. Sesa welded electromagnetic contactor ansa na ama ahoɔden"]

    ClinicalTriage -->|"Aniwa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw, nusu, hann a ɛyɛ mmerɛw kɛse, aniwa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw"| Photokeratitis["ACUTE UV PHOTOKERATITIS: 1. Yi contact lenses ntɛm ara 2. MMFA aniwa ntwitwiw w’ani so 3. Gye w’ahome wɔ dan a emu yɛ sum mu a wode ntama a ɛyɛ nwini a ɛyɛ nwini kata nkataso a wɔato mu so 4. Urgent Ophthalmology / ER evaluation"]

    ClinicalTriage -->|"Blistering >10% nipadua, awɔw a emu yɛ den, atiridiinini, ɔfe, anaasɛ purple edema"| BurnCenter["SEVERE FULL-BODY UV BURN: 1. Nsuo a ɛyɛ nwini (20 C), nsukyenee biara nni mu 2. Nsuo a wɔde ma anom nsuo 3. Kɔ Emergency Department / Burn Unit kɔhwehwɛ IV nsuo & ɛyaw ano aduru"]

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Mfiri a entumi nyɛ adwuma yiye 1: Nea enti a mpa a wɔde yɛ tanning canopies bubu ne sɛnea wobeguan a wɔremmubu bulbs no¶

Owia a ɛda fam a ɛda fam a wɔde di gua no kura akanea a ɛyɛ anammɔn asia a ɛhyerɛn, aluminium a ɛma hann a emu yɛ duru, mframa a ɛma onwini, ne ɛtɔ mmere bi a watt 400 kosi 1,000-watt high-pressure quartz halogen facial tanners, na ɛma akataso no mu duru a ɛkɔ so nyinaa yɛ 45 kosi 90 kilograms (100 kosi 200 nkaribo).

1. Sɛnea Canopy Support System no Di Dwuma¶

Mfiri ahorow abien a wɔde kari pɛ no kura owia mpa ano kataso mu na ɛma ɛte sɛ nea emu duru nni mu bere a wɔde di dwuma daa no: - Pressurized Nitrogen Gas Struts (Gas Springs): Nnɛyi mpa dodow no ara a wɔde salon ne atrae di dwuma de nitrogen gas cylinders abien anaa anan a ɛwɔ nhyɛso kɛse di dwuma (rated at 600 to 1,800 Newtons / 135 to 405 pounds-force each) a wɔde ahyɛ akyi hinge pivots no so. Esiane sɛ ɔhyew a efi akanea no mu no tow rɔba poma no nsɔano no wɔ digrii Celsius 50 kosi 70 (digrii Fahrenheit 122 kosi 158) nti, gas strut nsɔano betumi abɔ mpofirim, anaasɛ ɛbɛhwere nhyɛso nkakrankakra wɔ awɔw bere mu. Sɛ ahama biako bɔ a, ɔha biara mu nkyem 100 yɛ adesoa a ɛboro so ntɛm ara na ɛhwe ase, na ɛbɔ canopy no kɔ fam kɔ ​​nea ɔde di dwuma no so. - Internal Coil Torsion Springs ne Pivot Arms: Mpa dedaw a wɔtra mu (Wolff System, SunQuest, SunVision) de dade spring a emu yɛ duru a wɔabɔ no coiled di dwuma wɔ awiei caps anaa akyi hinge adan mu. Ɔbrɛ a ɛpaapae wɔ cast-aluminum hinge knuckles anaa spring anchor pins mu no ma spring no pae denneennen te sɛ atuo, na ɛma canopy no mu duru a awu no so tew.

2. Nea Enti a Acrylic Kyɛm no a Wobɛpia no Yɛ Afiri a Ɛyɛ Asiane¶

Wɔ wo nipadua ne ahwehwɛ UV akanea no ntam no, UV-transmitting polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) acrylic, a mpɛn pii no ne kɛse yɛ 3.0 milimita (⅛ inch) wɔ soro akataso no so na 4.5 kosi 6.0 milimita (3/16 kosi ¼ inch) wɔ ase benkyi no so a ɛyɛ kurukuruwa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw te. 1. UV Photodegradation and Embrittlement: Bere a wɔde nnɔnhwerew 1,000 kosi 3,000 ayɛ UV atopae a emu yɛ den ne thermal cycling akyi no, acrylic polymer nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn no cross-link na ɛyɛ craze, na ɛhwere wɔn flexural impact ahoɔden a ɛkɔ 40 ɔha biara mu nkyem 40. 2. Narrow Gap to the Glass Tubes: Mframa a ɛda canopy acrylic a ɛyɛ tratraa no mu ne T12 fluorescent akanea** no ahwehwɛ afasu a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a ne kɛse yɛ milimita 1 ntam no yɛ milimita 10 kosi 20 pɛ (nsateakwaa 0.4 kosi 0.8). 3. Nea Ɛba Bere a Wopia Mfinimfini: Sɛ obi a ɔde di dwuma a wakyere no ho popo na ɔde ne nsateaa, ne nsateaa, anaa ne nkotodwe kɔ soro kɔ plastic krataa a emu da hɔ no mfinimfini de ma kilogram 75 (165-pound) canopy so a, acrylic a ɛyɛ mmerɛw no mu paapae tenten na ɛde ne nsa kɔ nsukorade a ɛyɛ fluorescent no mu tẽẽ, na ɛtwa nsateaa ntini no mu ne kanea phosphor a awuduru wom a wɔde bɛhyɛ akuru no mu.

3. Ahobammɔ Longitudinal Slide-Out Ɔkwan a Wɔfa so Yɛ¶

Amanaman ntam ahobanbɔ gyinapɛn (21 CFR 1040.20 wɔ U.S., IEC 60335-2-27 wiase nyinaa) hwehwɛ sɛ mpa a wɔde yɛ tanning a ɛda fam no bɛkɔ so akura mfiri a wɔde gyina bumpers anaasɛ end clearances so sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a canopy no rentumi nbubu ahurututu no petee koraa. 1. Hwehwɛ Rigid Outer Perimeter Frame: Fa wo nsa kɔ abɔnten kɔ heavy extruded aluminum anaa thick fiberglass handle lip a ɛnam anim akyi ano a ɛwɔ canopy no so, anaasɛ solid plastic end-caps a ɛwɔ ti ne nan no so. Mmia mfɛnsere no mu baabi a emu da hɔ no da. 2. Tuck Your Chin and Arms Inward: Ma wo nsateaa bɛn wo mpampam. 3. Slide Out the Head or Foot Arch: Wriggle w’asen ne wo mmati tenten kɔ mpa no awiei biara (ti awiei anaa nan awiei) a ɛwɔ fam a ɛtrɛw a biribiara nsiw no kwan. Efisɛ atifi hɔ akataso no yɛ ahinanan te sɛ cylinder fã (tunnel geometry), abrannaa a ɛwɔ wo ti ne wo nansoaa atifi no mfinimfini kɔ so yɛ sentimita 25 kosi 40 (nsateakwaa 10 kosi 16) tenten bere mpo a akataso no anim ano no gyina benkyi a ɛwɔ ase no so koraa no. 4. Sɛ Anim Ahwehwɛ a Ɛyɛ Nhyɛso Kɛse no Paepae W’anim Atifi: Nhyɛso kɛse a wɔde yɛ anim ahwehwɛ a ɛwɔ canopy no ti mu no de 500-watt quartz mercury-vapor bulbs a ɛyɛ adwuma wɔ 600 kosi 800 degrees Celsius (1,112 kosi 1,472 degrees Fahrenheit) di dwuma wɔ ahwehwɛ a ɛyɛ bruu/dichroic akyi prɛte so. Sɛ wote sɛ anim filter glass no mu apaapae a, ntɛm ara twe kɔ mpa no NAN awiei (kɔ akyirikyiri fi anim akanea no ho) bere a wode wo mpopaho no si wo ti so no.

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Electrical huammɔdi 2: Nea enti a tanning mpa akanea tra ON bere a timer no abɔ zero ("Welded Contactor Relay") .¶

Nneɛma a egye ntɛmpɛ a ɛyɛ hu sen biara a wɔbɔ ho amanneɛ kyerɛ U.S. Aduan ne Nnuru Dwumadibea (FDA) ne CPSC no mu biako ba bere a bere a wɔde yɛ nhyiam no bu akontaa kodu 0:00, nea ɔde di dwuma no mia STOP / OFF button a ɛwɔ interior control panel no so, na ultraviolet akanea 32 kosi 50 no nyinaa da so ara hyerɛn wɔ ɔha biara mu nkyem 100 output.

1. The Engineering Nea ɛde ba: Electromagnetic Contactor Nkitahodi Welding¶

Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ na yɛate nea enti a womia no ase OFF button no di nkogu, hwɛ sɛnea tanning bed sesa ahoɔden: - Touch-pad button ketewa a ɛwɔ tanning bed no mu ne salon timer a wɔde asisi ɔfasu so (T-Max manager timer) no kura low-voltage control signals (5V to 24V DC/AC) nkutoo. Wɔn ɛnyɛ tẽẽ sɛ wɔde 25 kɔsi 60 amps a ɛyɛ 240-volt AC tumi a ɛma kanea no ballasts no nya aduane no tẽẽ. - Mmom no, low-voltage timer no ma magnetic coil a emu yɛ duru electromagnetic power contactor (relay) a ɛwɔ ɛlɛtrɔnik tray a ɛwɔ fam anaa buck-boost transformer adaka no mu no ahoɔden. - Bere biara a mpa no bɛdan no, inductive ballast load anaa capacitor bank no ma inrush current spike a ɛyɛ 150 kosi 300 amps, twetwe microscopic white-hot electric arc fa contactor no silver-cadmium-oxide contact pads no so. - Wɔ mpempem pii kyinhyia (anaasɛ bere a brownout voltage sag a ɛma relay "chatter"), molten dwetɛ contact pads spot-weld wɔn ho daa bom. - Nea efi mu ba: Bere a session timer no du 0:00, ɛtwa ahoɔden kɔ relay no electromagnetic coil no mu, nanso spring no ntumi ntwe welded dwetɛ ahoɔden contacts no mfi mu. Sɛ mpo mpa no wɔ secondary backup timer a wɔde wired to contactor coil koro no ara so a, akanea no kɔ so yɛ ON daa kosi sɛ obi bɛtwa 240-volt main supply no mu wɔ honam fam wɔ nsuo no atifi.

2. Sɛnea Wotwa Tumi a Wɔde Kɔ Tanning Bed a Guankɔ So Ntɛm ara¶

Sɛ akanea no rendum bere a bere no twam a: 1. Fi Mpa no mu Ntɛm ara: Mma ntra mu mmɔ mmɔden sɛ wobɛbɔ anaasɛ wobɛsan de dijitaal display no asi hɔ. 2. Twe Heavy 240V Ɔfasu Plug no anaa Dannan Ɔfasu no mu Disconnect Switch no: - Residential 120V anaa 240V Beds: Di rɔba tuntum a ɛyɛ den no akyi fi tanning bed no akyi kɔ ɔfasu no mu ade (NEMA 5-20, L6-20, or L6-30 twist-lock plug). Fa plug no nipadua (sɛ wopɛ twist-lock plugs a, twist counterclockwise 15 degrees kan, afei twe tẽẽ fi mu). - Hardwired Commercial Salon Beds: Wɔde hardwired aguadi mpa no fa dade conduit a ɛyɛ mmerɛw so kɔ dade HVAC-style disconnect box a wɔde ahyɛ tanning booth no fasu so anaasɛ tẽẽ kɔ breaker a wɔatu ho ama wɔ salon no anyinam ahoɔden subpanel mu. Dannan ɔfasuo a ɛtwa lever no kɔ fam kɔ ​​OFF, anaa ka kyerɛ salon adwumayɛfoɔ sɛ wɔndane two-pole anaa three-pole circuit breaker a ɛwɔ main breaker panel no mu. 3. Hwɛ Wusiw anaa Ballast Ogya: - Magnetic-ballast mpa dedaw no kura choke transformers a tar ahyɛ mu ma ne power factor capacitors a ngo ahyɛ mu ma, bere a nnɛyi ɛlɛtrɔnik-ballast mpa no de switching board ahorow a ɛyɛ frequency kɛse na edi dwuma. Sɛ ballast a ɛwɔ mu no yɛ tiaa bere a wɔde weld reyɛ contactor bi a, wusiw tuntum a ɛyɛ den a ɛyɛ nwini betumi ahwie afi mframa a ɛma onwini no mu wɔ sikɔne kakraa bi mu. Tu fi dan no mu na frɛ 911 / 112 / 999.

Ntotoho: Tanning Bed Emergency Failure Modes ne Nneyɛe a Wɔyɛ Ntɛm ara¶

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Aduruyɛ mu mmoa a edi kan: UV photokeratitis a emu yɛ den (aniwa a ɛyɛ hyew) ne UV honam ani hyew a emu yɛ den a wɔsa¶

Esiane sɛ mpa a wɔde yɛ tan a wɔtɔn no ma UVA hann a ano yɛ den sen awiabere ahohuru bere mu owia mmɔho 10 kosi 15 ka erythemogenic UVB mframa ho (na ɛkɔ UVC a wɔanhwie wɔ 254 nm sɛ quartz anim kanea a nhyɛso kɛse wom ahwehwɛ a wɔde yiyi mu no mu paapae a), entrapment anaa timer huammɔdi a ɛtra hɔ 20 kosi 45 simma de mframa a ano yɛ den kɛse ma ɛkame ayɛ sɛ honam ani ne aniwa a ɛda adi no ɔha biara mu nkyem 100.

1. UV Photokeratitis a emu yɛ den ("Tanning Bed Welder no Flash") .¶

Wobɛto w’aniwa a ɛda hɔ kwa no mu kɛkɛ wɔ mpa a wɔde hyɛ wo honam ani a worenhyɛ ahwehwɛ a ɛbɔ wo ho ban a ɛnyɛ hann (FDA 21 CFR 1040.20 / EN 170 compliant eyewear) ɛn w’ani ho ban: nnipa aniwa a ɛyɛ tratraa no de UV-A a ɛba no ɔha biara mu nkyem 10 kosi 25 ne UV-B mframa a ɛbɔ asorɔkye tenten** kɔ ani no so tẽẽ.

• Sɛnea Ɛda (Nnɔnhwerew 6 kosi 12 a Ɛkyɛ):
• Sɛ wufi mpa no so pɛ a, mpɛn pii no, ɛte sɛ nea ade a wohu no yɛ nea ɛfata.
• Nnɔnhwerew 4 kosi 12 akyi (mpɛn pii no wɔkanyan nea wɔayɛ no bɔne no anɔpa 2:00), nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ soro a UV asɛe no a ɛkata ani no so no wuwu na ɛtwetwe bere koro mu, na ɛda aniwa no mu ɛyaw nhama a ɛyɛ den a ɛda adagyaw (fifth cranial / trigeminal nerve) adi.
• Classic Symptoms: "Anhwea a ɛyɛ hyew anaa ahwehwɛ a abubu wɔ aniwa abien no nyinaa mu" nkate a ɛyɛ yaw, nusu a wontumi nni so (epiphora), aniwa a ɛyɛ basabasa a ɛnyɛ nea wɔpɛ ( .blepharospasm a ɛma ɛyɛ den sɛ wɔbɛhwehwɛ aniwa no mu), aniwa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw, aniwa a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ, ne ɛyaw a emu yɛ den a ɛtwa hann biara ho hyia (photophobia).
• Anamɔn biara Mmoa a Edi Kan ma UV Corneal Burns:
• Yi Contact Lenses Ntɛm ara: Sɛ wohyɛ contact lenses a ɛyɛ mmerɛw anaa ɛyɛ den a, yi fi hɔ brɛoo ntɛm ara ansa na corneal edema akyere lens no akɔ denuded epithelium no so. Mfa contacts nhyɛ bio kosi sɛ aniwa ho oduruyɛfo bɛpopa.
• MMƆ W’Aniwa Ntwitwiw: Sɛ wode petepete a, ɛma epithelial sheet a aka a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a ɛsan yɛ foforo no fi hɔ.
• Ma Aniwa Abien no Nyinaa Mu na Gye Gye Ahome wɔ Pitch-Dark Room: Sɛ wofi wo pɛ mu yɛ aniwa abien no nyinaa a entumi nkɔ baabiara a, ɛmma tarsal conjunctiva a ɛwɔ soro no ntumi ntwitwiw aniwa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw no so bere biara a wobɛbɔ w’ani no. Fa ntama a ɛho tew a wɔde horo nneɛma a wɔde tap nsu a ɛyɛ nwini ahyɛ mu to w’aniwa a wɔatoto mu no so.
• Fa Preservative-Free Lubricating Artificial Tears di dwuma: Fa sterile nsuo a wɔde yɛ aniwa a ɛnyɛ den anaasɛ aniwa srade a wɔde sradeɛ gu mu nnɔnhwerew 1 kosi 2 biara na ama ani no ani ayɛ mmerɛw.
• Fa Nnuru a Ɛma Ɛyaw Ano Na Hwehwɛ Aniwa Ho Ɔhwɛ a Egye Ntɛm: Nnuru a wɔde ano nom a ɛko tia ɛyaw ano aduru (sɛ ɛfata ɔyarefo no wɔ aduruyɛ mu a) boa ma wodi ciliary muscle spasm so bere a wo ne aniwa ho oduruyɛfo, aniwa ho ɔyaresafo, anaa dwumadibea a wɔhwɛ ntɛmpɛ (a obetumi ahwɛ denam fluorescein staining so na wɔakyerɛw prophylactic antibiotic ointment ne cycloplegic drops a ɛyɛ adwuma bere tiaa bi).

2. Nipadua Nyinaa mu Ultraviolet Erythema a Ɛyɛ Den ne Ɔhyew a Ɛyɛ Akisikuru¶

Sɛ timer relay welds to mu anaasɛ obi a ɔde di dwuma da wɔ mpa a timer a wɔatwa ho ahyia so a, opira a efi mu ba ne circumferential radiation burn a ɛkata Total Body Surface Area (TBSA) ɔha biara mu nkyem 60 kosi 95: 1. Ntɛm ara na Wora Nnwini (Nnɔnhwerew a Edi Kan): - Fa guare a ɛyɛ nwini (ɛnyɛ nsukyenee) anaasɛ guare brɛoo wɔ digrii Celsius 18 kosi 22 (digrii Fahrenheit 64 kosi 72) simma 15 kosi 20 na ama ɔhyew a ɛhyerɛn afi honam ani hwɛbea no mu. - Esiane sɛ ɛkame ayɛ sɛ nipadua no ani nyinaa yɛ vasodilated nti, kwati sɛ wobɛhyehyɛ nipadua no wɔ nsukyenee mu; massive cutaneous vasodilation sɛe tumi a nipadua no tumi yɛ thermoregulate, na ɛde hypothermia a emu yɛ den a ɛyɛ abirabɔ ne basabasayɛ rigors (shivering) ka honam ani hyew ho. 2. Nsu a Wɔde Fa Anom ne Ntini Mu a Ɛyɛ Den: - Nipadua nyinaa mu UV erythema ma ntini nketenkete a ɛtwetwe kɛse (third-spacing), twe plasma nsu lita 2 kosi 5 fi wo mogya mu na ɛkɔ honam ani ntini a ahonhon mu wɔ nnɔnhwerew 24 a edi kan no mu. - Fi ase nom nsu a ɛyɛ nwini ne electrolyte a ɛkari pɛ oral rehydration solution ntɛm ara. 3. Wɔre Akwanside Ho Hwɛ: - Fa aloe vera gel a nsuo ayɛ anaa aduru a ɛma nsuo yɛ nwini a ɛnyɛ dɛ a huam nnim** gu honam ani kɔkɔɔ a enni dɛm so. - Mfa benzocaine/lidocaine sprays nhyɛ nipadua no mmeae akɛse da (transdermal absorption a ɛfa TBSA ɔha biara mu nkyem 70 a ɛwɔ honam ani a owia ahyew no so no betumi ama methemoglobinemia a ɛde nkwa to asiane mu ne local anesthetic systemic toxicity / seizures), na mfa bɔta, petroleum jelly, anaa ngo a emu yɛ duru ngu so da wɔ ɔhyew a emu yɛ den no mu. - MMƆ pop anaa nyiyi akisikuru a ɛwɔ ɔdan atifi: Intact epidermis ne sterile biological dressing a eye sen biara. 4. Frankaa Kɔkɔɔ a Ɛhwehwɛ sɛ Wɔma Wɔkɔ Ayaresabea Ɔhyew Dwumadibea / ER Ntɛm ara: - Frɛ 911 / 112 / 999 anaa kɔ dwumadibea a ɛbɛn wo a wɔhwɛ ntɛmpɛ so ntɛm ara sɛ nipadua mũ no nyinaa a wɔde hyɛ mpa a wɔde yɛ honam ani hwɛbea a ɛboro so no ma: - Akuru a ɛba nipadua no mu bɛboro ɔha biara mu nkyem 10 (anaasɛ akisikuru biara a ɛba anim, ɔbarima ne ɔbea nna, nsa, anaa anan so) . - Atiridiinini a ɛwosow kɛse, atiridiinini a ɛboro digrii Celsius 38.5 (digrii Fahrenheit 101.3), adwenemhaw bere a ogyina hɔ (orthostatic hypotension), adwene a ɛyɛ basaa, anaasɛ ɔfe a ɛkɔ so ("sun poisoning" / systemic SIRS response) . - Nnua a ɛyɛ den, kɔkɔɔ-kɔla kɔkɔɔ a ɛwɔ nan ase ne nsateaa ase

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Safe cleanup protocol sɛ kanea a wɔde yɛ tanning no bubu a (Mercury vapor hazard) .¶

Sɛ canopy a abubu anaasɛ ase benkyi a apaapae bubu fluorescent UV tubes biako anaa nea ɛboro saa a: 1. Tutu Nnipa ne Afieboa Ntɛm ara: Vaporized elemental mercury (Hg) yɛ neurotoxin a aniwa nhu a enni huam a ɛyɛ hyew ntɛmntɛm fi afiri a wɔde yɛ honam ani hwɛbea a abubu a ɛyɛ hyew mu. 2. Fentilate for 30+ Minutes: Dan OFF central air-conditioning anaa heating sanba a ɛsan de mframa kɔ ɔdan no fã a aka no mu, gyaw tanning room no outbound exhaust fan no ON (anaasɛ bue abɔnten mfɛnsere), na to mu pon no mu anyɛ yiye koraa no simma 30. 3. MFA Vacuum Cleaner anaa Broom nni dwuma DA: Fluorescent tubes a abubu a wɔde vacuum gu mu no ma mercury a ɛtɔ gu motor no mu no yɛ hyew na ɛpae mercury vapor mununkum a mframa wom wɔ dan no mu nyinaa. 4. Scoop ne Tape Cleanup: Hyɛ nitrile anaa rɔba nsateaa, fa caradboard a ɛyɛ den abien twetwe ahwehwɛ akɛse a asinasin, fa sticky duct tape bɔ ahwehwɛ powder pa ne phosphor mfutuma fitaa, fa krataa mpopaho a ɛyɛ nwini popa acrylic tray no, na fa dade akataso kata nneɛma a asɛe nyinaa mu wɔ ahwehwɛ toa a emu yɛ duru mu anaasɛ plastic bag a ɛwɔ zip abien a wɔde tow nwura a ɛyɛ hu gu.

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Mpɔtam hɔ ntɛmpɛ nɔma ne adwumakuw no nhyehyɛe ahorow¶

• Amerika ne Canada:
• Aduruyɛ & Nkwagye a Ɛho Hia Ntɛmntɛm: Frɛ 911.
• Federal Safety Standards: Wɔ U.S. no, FDA hwɛ owia akanea so wɔ 21 CFR 1040.20 ne UL 482 ase, na ɛhyɛ sɛ wɔmfa ntɛmpɛ a wɔde to mu a wotumi kɔ hɔ, aniwa a ɛbɔ ho ban a ɛne mmara hyia, ne bere nhyehyɛe anohyeto a emu yɛ den. Bɔ welded relays, canopy a ɛhwe ase, anaa ɔhyew ho amanneɛ kyerɛ FDA MedWatch (1-800-FDA-1088) ne CPSC (SaferProducts.gov). Wɔ Canada no, mpa a wɔde yɛ tan no hyɛ Health Canada's Radiation Emitting Devices Regulations (REDR) ase.
• Ahemman Nkabom:
• Emergency Medical & Rescue: Frɛ 999 (anaa 112), anaa NHS 111 na woanya aniwa/ɔhyew a wɔayiyi ntɛm.
• UK Mmara Nhyehyɛe: Wɔ Sunbeds (Regulation) Act 2010 ne HSE Guidance INDG209 ase no, wɔabara sɛ wɔmfa owia mpa a wɔde di dwuma wɔ aguadi mu a wonnii mfeɛ 18 nni dwuma, na ɛsɛ sɛ mpa hyia BS EN 60335-2-27 (0.3 W/m2 hann a ɛkyɛn so) a wɔtwa ntɛm.
• Europa Aman Nkabom Kuo:
• Aduruyɛ & Nkwagye a Ɛho Hia Ntɛmntɛm: Frɛ 112.
• Mfiridwuma Gyinapɛn: Wɔahyɛ ho mmara wɔ EN 60335-2-27 (0.3 W/m2 irradiance anohyeto, dual timer huammɔdi ahobammɔ, ne EN 170 UV aniwa ahwehwɛ) ase.
• Australia ne New Zealand:
• Aduruyɛ & Nkwagyeɛ a Ɛhia Ntɛmntɛm: Frɛ 000 (Australia) anaa 111 (New Zealand).
• Aguadi Solarium Ban: Wɔabara mpa a wɔde twitwiw honam ani a wɔde di gua wɔ Australia amantam nyinaa mu, ɛwom sɛ agyapade atrae adan da so ara wɔ ankorankoro afie mu de (AS/NZS 60335.2.27).
• India ne Asia-Pacific:
• Nnɔmba a Ɛho Hia Ntɛmntɛm: Frɛ 112 wɔ India; 119 wɔ Japan ne South Korea; 995 wɔ Singapore.

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Nsɛm a wɔtaa bisa¶

Dɛn nti na tanning bed bulbs no kɔɔ so yɛɛ adwuma bere a digital timer no kan kɔ fam koduu zero na mepia STOP button no mpo?¶

Digitals timer ne STOP button a ɛwɔ tanning bed so no di sɛnkyerɛnne a ɛba fam (5V kosi 24V) a wɔde kɔ electromagnetic contactor relay a ɛsakra 240-volt, 30-to-60-amp ballast adesoa no nkutoo so. Wɔ kyinhyia mpempem pii mu no, anyinam ahoɔden a wɔde fa contactor no dwetɛ aduru a wɔde afrafra no so no betumi de dade nkitahodi ahorow no ayɛ spot-weld. Sɛ wɔde weld wie a, sɛ wotwa low-voltage timer signal no a, entumi ntwe fused high-voltage contacts no mu, enti UV akanea no kɔ so yɛ ON kosi sɛ wubeyi 240V ɔfasu hama a emu yɛ duru no afi mu anaasɛ wobɛdan ɔfasu no mu disconnect switch anaa circuit breaker no akɔ OFF.

Sɛ atifi akataso a emu yɛ duru no hwe me so a, mɛyɛ dɛn afi mpa a wɔde hyɛ me honam ani a ɛda fam so?¶

Mfa wo nsa anaa wo nkotodwe npia nkɔ soro tẽẽ da wɔ plastic (acrylic) mfɛnsere a ɛyɛ tratraa a emu da hɔ a ɛwɔ bɔlɔb ahorow no mfinimfini no so, efisɛ acrylic a ɛyɛ hyew no betumi apaapae na ama wo nsa akɔ ahwehwɛ a ɛte ase mercury-vapor nsukorabea mu. Mmom no, fa wo nsateaa to nkataso no akyi dade anaa fiberglass frame ano a ɛyɛ den no nkutoo so, fa wo nsateaa hyɛ mu, na twitwiw wo nipadua no tenten fa ɔkwan a ɛtrɛw a ɛte sɛ U a ɛda mpa no ti ano anaa ne nan ano no mu.

Dɛn nti na m’ani te nka sɛ anhwea ne nsu a ɛrehyew ahyɛ mu ma wɔ nnɔnhwerew 8 akyi bere a mede mpa a wɔde hyɛ me honam ani hwɛbea adi dwuma akyi?¶

Worehyia acute ultraviolet photokeratitis (a mframa a ano yɛ den hyew ani a ɛyɛ hyew, a ɛte sɛ welder’s flash). Sɛ wohwɛɛ w’aniwa anim a woanhyɛ UV ahwehwɛ a ɛne FDA hyia mpo a, nnipa aniwa a ɛyɛ tratraa ma UVA ne UVB mframa ɔha biara mu nkyem 10 kosi 25 fa mu tẽẽ kɔ ani no so. Bere a wɔde nnɔnhwerew 4 kosi 12 ayɛ komm a wɔde asie akyi no, nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ soro a UV asɛe no no wuwu na ɛho tew prɛko pɛ, na ɛma ani ntini a ɛyɛ mmerɛw no awiei da adi. Yi ahwehwɛ a wɔde hwɛ ade ntɛm ara, mfa nwene w’ani, gye w’ahome wɔ dan a emu yɛ sum mu a ntama a ɛyɛ nwini a ɛyɛ nwini kata nkataso a wɔato mu, fa nusu a wɔde ayɛ a nneɛma a wɔde siw ano nni dwuma, na kɔ aniwa ho oduruyɛfo anaa dwumadibea a wɔhwɛ ntɛmpɛ so ntɛm ara.

Bere tenten ahe na egye ansa na UV photokeratitis (aniwa a ɛhyew) a efi mpa a wɔde yɛ honam ani hwɛbea mu no sa?¶

Esiane sɛ ani no mu ntini no san yɛ foforo ntɛmntɛm nti, UV photokeratitis a ɛwɔ soro no taa fi ase nya nkɔso wɔ nnɔnhwerew 24 mu na ɛsa koraa wɔ nnɔnhwerew 48 kosi 72 mu, sɛ woma w’ani so srade, kwati sɛ wobɛpetepete so, yi ahwehwɛ a wɔde hwɛ ade ntɛm ara, na womfa nnuru a wɔde kum aniwa (a ɛma ɛyɛ mmerɛw) a wɔde gu fie nni dwuma da a. Sɛ anim kanea a ɛwɔ nhyɛso kɛse a wɔde yiyi nneɛma mu ahwehwɛ abubu anaasɛ w’ani nna hɔ bere nyinaa a, ɛsɛ sɛ aniwa ho oduruyɛfo hwɛ sɛ w’aniwa anaa w’aniwa no asɛe kɛse anaa.

Dɛn nti na ɛnsɛ sɛ mepete benzocaine aduru a wɔde petepete me nipadua nyinaa so da bere a mahyew kɛse wɔ mpa a wɔde yɛ me honam ani hwɛbea so akyi?¶

Sɛ mpa a wɔde hyɛ wo honam ani hwɛbea bere di nkogu na ɛma UV hyew kɛse a edi kan anaa nea ɛto so abien wɔ wo honam ani ɔha biara mu nkyem 60 kosi 90 so a, honam ani akwanside a asɛe no yɛ nea wotumi fa mu kɛse na mogya ntini a ɛwɔ honam ani no trɛw kɛse. Sɛ wode nnuru a wɔde hyɛ wo mogya mu a wɔtɔn te sɛ benzocaine anaa lidocaine ɔha biara mu nkyem 20 petepete baabi kɛse bi a, ɛma wotumi kɔ wo mogya mu ntɛmntɛm, na ebetumi ama methemoglobinemia a ɛde wo nkwa to asiane mu anaasɛ awuduru a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu a ɛma obi dwensɔ a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu no aba. Fa nsu a ɛyɛ digrii Celsius 20 ma honam ani nwini, nom nsu a ɛma anyinam ahoɔden, na hwehwɛ ayaresa a egye ntɛmpɛ mmom.

So asiane wɔ hɔ sɛ mercury awuduru bɛhyɛ me mu sɛ mpa a wɔde yɛ honam ani hwɛbea bɔlɔb bubu bere a mewɔ mu no?¶

Kanea biara a ɛhyerɛn a ɛyɛ mita 1.8 (anammɔn 6) no kura elemental mercury bɛyɛ miligram 5 kosi 25 a phosphor powder ka ho. Bɔlɔb biako a abubu remma mercury awuduru a edi awu a emu yɛ den mma sɛ wotwe wo ho fi adi ntɛm ara, kwati sɛ wobɛtiatia asinasin no so, wogyaw dan no mu mframa a wɔde yi mframa fi mu no ma ɛnyɛ adwuma, na woto ɔpon no mu simma 30 sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a nsu a ɛyɛ hyew no bɛyera a. Asiane titiriw a ɛba ntɛm ara ne ahwehwɛ a emu dɔ a ɛpaapae, bere a asiane titiriw a ɛwɔ mercury a wɔhome mu no ba sɛ obi di mfomso de afiri a wɔde yi mframa fi fie di dwuma de tew bɔlɔb a abubu no ho a.

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Akwankyerɛ ahorow a ɛfa ho¶

• Aniwa a ɛyɛ ahɔho ade, ani a ɛyɛ mmerɛw, ne welding/UV flash hyew
• Ɔhyew, ɔhyew, ne mframa a ɛhyew mmoa a edi kan
• Fluorescent tube, CFL, ne mercury a ɛpaapae ahobammɔ ahotew
• Glass pon a ɛpaapae, patio pon a wɔfa mu, ne laceration control
• Emergency nɔma ahorow ho kyerɛwtohɔ

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Fibea ne aban akwankyerɛ¶

• United States Aduan ne Nnuru Dwumadibea (FDA): 21 CFR 1040.20: Adwumayɛ Gyinapɛn ma Owia Kanea Nneɛma ne Ultraviolet Kanea a Wɔayɛ sɛ Wɔde Di Dwuma wɔ Owia Kanea Nneɛma Mu (Timer Limits, Emergency Shutoff Controls, ne Protective Eyewear Transmittance).
• Amanaman Ntam Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) / CENELEC: IEC/EN 60335-2-27: Ahwehwɛdeɛ titire a ɛfa mfiri a ɛma honam ani hwɛbea a ɛwɔ Optical Radiation (0.3 W/m2 Irradiance Limit ne Dual Timer Fail-Safe Protection).
• United Kingdom Health and Safety Executive (HSE): Akwahosan mu Asiane a ɛfiri UV Tanning Equipment (INDG209) ne Sunbeds (Regulation) Act 2010 a wɔde di dwuma mu no sohwɛ.
• Amerika Aniwa Ho Adesuabea (AAO): Ayaresa mu Ayaresabea a Wɔde Di Dwuma wɔ Acute Ultraviolet Photokeratitis (Corneal Flash Burns) ne Asiane a Ɛwɔ Topical Anesthetic Ayayade Ho.
• United States Atwa Yɛn Ho Ahyia Ho Banbɔ Dwumadibea (EPA): Wɔresiesie Fluorescent Kanea a Abubu anaa Compact Fluorescent Bulb (Mercury Vapor Containment Protocol).