Bokiti Lɔre ne Adwuma Kar Tumi Nhama Nkitahodi: Anamɔn-Tumi Huruw ne Ogya Guankɔbea¶

Sɛ wim bokiti lɔre, dump-truck mpa a wɔama so, kɔnkrit-pɔmpɛ boom, krane nhama, kuayɛ mu aburow auger, anaa po so hyɛn a wɔde fa po so hyɛn no anim di nkitaho anaasɛ ɛyɛ arc kɔ anyinam ahoɔden kyekyɛ anaa transmission line a enni mframa a ɛbɔ wɔ soro (a mpɛn pii no ahoɔden a ɛyɛ 4,000 volts kosi 500,000 volts) mu a, dade kar no nyinaa chassis, outriggers, . na kar a wɔde fa nnipa a wɔde abata ho no nya ahoɔden kodu volt mpempem pii bere a mfomso ahoɔden sen fa aksel ne tae no mu kɔ asase mu no. Wɔ cab anaa fiberglass bokiti a wɔabɔ ho ban no mu no, mpɛn pii no, nea ɔde di dwuma no mpira koraa mfiase no (ɔyɛ n’ade te sɛ anomaa a ɔte waya so wɔ ahoɔden biako mu), bere a sɛ wofi cab no mu a wo nan biako wɔ lɔre no anammɔn so na wo nan biako da fam a, ɛma nsonsonoe a edi awu a ɛyɛ volt 10,000 wɔ koma no so ("Touch Potential"), ne nantew sɛnea ɛte biara fa efĩ a ahoɔden wom a ɛwɔ mita 10 kosi 15 (anammɔn 33 kosi 50) fi kar no mu no ma volts mpempem pii kɔ soro nan biako na ɛba fam wɔ foforo no so ("Step Potential"). Nanso, sɛ mfomsoɔ a ɛkɔ so daa no ma rɔba tae a wɔde dade abɔso abɔ mu no yɛ hyew ma ɛyɛ hyew na ɛma pyrolysis tae no pae anaasɛ cab ogya a, ɛsɛ sɛ nea ɔyɛ adwuma wɔ mu no yɛ Two-Foot Jump-Clear ne Bunny-Hop / Shuffle Escape pɛpɛɛpɛ na ama wanya nkwa. Sɛ adwuma kar anaa po so hyɛn bi ka anyinam ahoɔden nhama a, frɛ wo mpɔtam hɔ nɔma a egye ntɛmpɛ ntɛm ara (911 wɔ United States ne Canada, 112 wɔ Europa Aman Nkabom Aman Nkabom no nyinaa mu, 999 wɔ United Kingdom) anaa hwɛ yɛn wiase nyinaa kyerɛwtohɔ a ɛfa nɔma ahorow a egye ntɛmpɛ. Sɛ wopɛ ntɛmpɛ a ɛfa ahoɔden a ɛkorɔn ho a, kenkan yɛn akwankyerɛ ahorow a ɛfa ho anyinam ahoɔden nhama a ahwe ase ne kar mu anyinam ahoɔden a ɛbɔe, . arc flash blast, switchgear a ahoɔden kɛse wom, ne substation hyew, . krane a ɛdannan, adesoa a ɛsensɛn hɔ a ɛtɔ, ne anyinam ahoɔden nhama a ɛwɔ soro a ɛne ne ho di nkitaho, na anyinam ahoɔden a wɔde bɔ mmoa a edi kan.

Yɛ eyi mprempren¶

1. Sɛ wowɔ kar bi cab anaa fiberglass bokiti a ɛka anyinam ahoɔden nhama a ɛwɔ soro no mu na ogya NNI hɔ a, TENA MU, ma wo nsa ne wo nipadua ntwe wɔn ho mfi nneɛma a ɛwɔ fam ho, na frɛ 911 / 112 / 999 ne anyinam ahoɔden afiri no. Wɔ kar no mu no, wowɔ anyinam ahoɔden a ɛwɔ dade afiri a atwa ho ahyia no mu. MMFI kar no mu nkɔhwɛ sɛnea nneɛma asɛe no, na teɛteɛɛm nkyerɛ wo mfɛfo adwumayɛfo ne wɔn a wɔrehwɛ hɔ nyinaa wɔ fam sɛ anyɛ yiye koraa no wɔntra akyirikyiri mita 15 (anammɔn 50) na wo nsa nka lɔre no nipadua, outriggers, ɔpon nsa, anaa nnwinnade a ɛde ne ho to chassis no so da.
2. Sɛ wobɛtumi abubu contact afiri cab anaa bokiti no mu dwoodwoo denam dump bed a wobɛsi fam anaasɛ wobɛtwe boom no a, NKUTOO sɛ waya no nkyekyere anaasɛ ɛnnwene wɔ boom no mu a, fa boom no kɔ baabi a ɛne contact no bɔ abira pɛpɛɛpɛ. Kɔkɔbɔ: Sɛ wɔde overhead conductor no abɔ bracket ase anaasɛ wɔde weld abɔ boom no so a, bɔ mmɔden sɛ wobɛtwe akɔ can snap the high-voltage waya, a ɛtow mpire live conductor gu cab anaa asase so adwumayɛfo so. Sɛ waya no ayɛ krado a, fa controls no to freeze na twɛn ma utility company no nyi ahoɔden fi nhama no mu na wɔde ground.
3. Sɛ kar no tae fi ase nom wusiw, ogya tɔ, anaasɛ ɛpae, anaasɛ sɛ ogya hyɛ kar no mu ma a, ƐSƐ sɛ wode Two-Foot Jump-Clear Technique no gyae kar no. Bue kar no pon no kɛse, gyina kar no aboboano anaa mmirikatu kyerɛwpon no so, twa wo nsa no denneennen wɔ wo moma so, na huruw fi kar no ho yiye sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a NAN ABIEN no nyinaa befi lɔre no mu ansa na wo nan abien no mu biara ka fam, na NAN ABIEN no nyinaa si fam wɔ bere koro no ara mu pɛpɛɛpɛ. Mforo antweri so da anaasɛ nkura nsa a wɔde gye nsa no mu bere a woka fam no, ɛnsɛ sɛ wode wo nsa ka lɔre no ne asase bere koro mu da.
4. Sɛ wo nan bɔ fam pɛ a, MMFA nantew anaa mfa anammɔn a ɛfata ntu mmirika DA, bunny-hop a wo nan abien no nyinaa mia mu denneennen ANAA frafra wo nan ase fi wo nan ase kosi wo nan ase a womma wo nan so da kosi sɛ anyɛ yiye koraa no wobɛkɔ mita 15 (anammɔn 50) (mita 30 [anammɔn 100] wɔ asase a ɛyɛ nsu anaasɛ nhama a wɔde fa anyinam ahoɔden mu). Ɛlektrik sen fa asase no mu kɔ abɔnten fi lɔre tae ne outriggers te sɛ concentric ripples wɔ ɔtare mu, a ripple ring biara so tew volts mpempem pii wɔ mita biara mu. Sɛ wofa anammɔn a ɛyɛ sɛntimita 75 (nsateakwaa 30) a ɛfata a wode nantew a, ɛde w’anim nan si 3,000-volt ring so na wode w’akyi nan si 7,000-volt ring so, na ɛma ahoɔden a edi awu a ɛyɛ volt 4,000 kɔ soro wɔ wo nan biako so, fa wo hwene ne wo honam ani, na ɛkɔ fam wɔ nan foforo no so.
5. Sɛ woyɛ obi a ɔte hɔ anaasɛ woyɛ asase so adwumayɛfo wɔ adwumayɛbea hɔ bere a bokiti lɔre, kɔnkrit pɔmpɛ, anaa lɔre a wɔtow nneɛma gu bɔ waya bi a, MMTU mmirika nkɔ lɔre no nkyɛn DA nkɔgye odwumayɛni a onnim hwee anaasɛ twetwe valve a ɛma fam no si fam no. Afe biara, asase so adwumayɛfo pii wuwu wɔ nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn mu anyinam ahoɔden mu efisɛ wohu sɛ ɔyɔnko dwumayɛni bi a ne ho adwiriw no wɔ lɔre bi nkyɛn na watu mmirika akɔ mu twe wɔn fi hɔ, hwe ase awu wɔ nea odi kan a wɔayɛ no bɔne no so wɔ anammɔn-a ebetumi ayɛ kurukuruwa no mu. Tra mita 15 (anammɔn 50) akyi, shuffle anaa bunny-hop fi sɛ wote nka sɛ wo nantwi mma anaa wo mpaboa mu ayɛ wo yaw a, na twɛn ma anyinam ahoɔden adwumayɛbea no nsi so dua sɛ nhama no mu ahoɔden nni ahoɔden na wotumi hu sɛ ɛwɔ fam.
6. Sɛ hyɛmma a wɔde fa po so hyɛn no anim anaa hyɛmma a wɔde fa nneɛma mu rigging ne anyinam ahoɔden nhama a ɛwɔ soro wɔ hyɛmma kwan anaa bridge so di nkitaho a, MMHURI mfi aluminium anaa fiberglass deck a ɛyɛ nsu mu nkɔ nsuo a atwa hyɛmma no ho ahyia no mu. Nsuo a atwa hyɛmma a ɛwɔ fam anaa arcing ho ahyia no kura radial voltage gradient a edi awu (In-Water Electric Shock Drowning / High-Voltage Gradient) a ɛma asuguarefo yɛ obubuafo ntɛm ara. Tena baabi a ɛhɔ yɛ kusuu wɔ wimhyɛnkafo dan no mfinimfini a ɛne aluminium ntama, nkataso, ne winch ahorow ntam kwan ware sɛ wowɔ nsu so a, anaasɛ yɛ asase kesee so Two-Foot Jump and Shuffle sɛ wowɔ baabi a wɔde kar sisi a.

Gyinaesi dua: kar anaa boom a ɛne anyinam ahoɔden nhama a ɛwɔ soro di nkitaho¶

flowchart TD
    Start["Kar, Boom, Dump Bed, anaa Mast Contacts Overhead Power Line"] --> Role{"Ɛhe na wowɔ mprempren?"}

    Role -->|"1. KAR CAB ANAA AERIAL BUCKET MU"| FireCheck{"So ogya rehyew kar no anaasɛ tae ahorow retu wusiw kɛse?"}

    FireCheck -->|"Ogya Nni Hɔ: Kar no gyina pintinn"| StayInCab["TRA BEA PROTOCOL: 1. TRA cab anaa bokiti no mu (wowɔ equipotential) 2. Ma wo nsa nkɔ paipu a ɛwɔ fam, nnua, anaa nnua a ɛbɛn ho 3. Bɔ asase so adwumayɛfoɔ nyinaa kɔkɔ sɛ wɔntena akyirikyiri >= 15 m (50 ft) 4. Frɛ 911 / 112 / 999 ne Electric Utility na wɔmfa ahoɔden nkɔ fam na wɔmfa nhama nkɔ fam"]

    FireCheck -->|"YIW: Ogya a Ɛretu wɔ Kab, Petrol a Ɛretu, Anaasɛ Tae a Ɛrepae a Ɛrebɛn"| JumpOut["MANAN ABIEN JUMP & SHUFFLE ESCAPE: 1. Bue cab pon; gyina aboboano a wode wo nsa abɔ wo moma so 2. JUMP CLEAR sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a woremfa wo nsa nka lɔre no da na woankɔ fam bere koro mu 3. Fa wo ho si fam wɔ NAN ABIEN NO SO bere koro mu a wode wo nansoaa abɔ mu 4. Fa wo nan ase kosi wo nan ase (soles nnyaw efĩ da) anaa bunny-hop 15 to 30 m (50 kosi 100 ft) akyirikyiri"]

    Role -->|"2. ASASE SO A ƐBƐN KAR NO: Adesoa a Ɛkyerɛ Akwankyerɛ, Hose a Ɛkura, anaa Nea Ɔhwɛ"| TingleCheck{"So wowɔ mita 15 (anammɔn 50) anaasɛ wote nka sɛ wo nan reyɛ ayɛ wo yaw?"}

    TingleCheck -->|"Yiw: Wɔ radial ground gradient zone no mu"| GroundEscape["GROUND WORKER STEP-POTENTIAL ESCAPE: 1. Tow concrete hose, tag line, anaa shovel biara gu ntɛm ara 2. Mia boots/ankles abien no nyinaa bom denneennen ma nan ahoɔden yɛ pɛ 3. Fa heel-to-toe anaa bunny-hop fra tẽẽ fi lɔre no ne waya a ahwe ase 4. Mfa wo nsa nka kar no, outriggers, anaa foforo a ahwe ase da odwumayɛni"]

    TingleCheck -->|"Dabi: Dwoodwoo wɔ abɔnten mita 15 kosi 30 (anammɔn 50 kosi 100) atwa ho ahyia"| SecureSite["PERIMETER & UTILITY SHUTOFF: 1. Siw kar ne mfɛfo adwumayɛfo nyinaa kwan sɛ wɔnnkɔ 15 kosi 30 m (50 kosi 100 ft) radius mu 2. MFA CPR mfi ase wɔ obi a wɔayɛ no bɔne a ɔde ne nsa ka lɔre no so kosi sɛ Utility besi so dua sɛ line awu 3. Hwɛ kwan sɛ automatic reclosers bɛsan ama nhama a ɛyɛ komm no ahoɔden mpɛn 3 kosi 4 a wonmmɔ kɔkɔ"]

Electrical physics a ɛfa Touch Potential, Step Potential, ne Ground Gradient Rings ho¶

Sɛ wobɛte nea enti a sɛ wotaa nantew bɛn lɔre a ahoɔden wom a, ekum wo ase, bere mpo a wo mpaboa nka lɔre anaa waya no da no, ɛsɛ sɛ wote sɛnea mfomso a ahoɔden kɛse wom yɛ n’ade bere a ɛhyɛn dɔte anaa asphalt mu no ase.

1. Voltage Cone ("Asorɔkye a Ɛwɔ Ɔtare Mu") .¶

Nea ɛnte sɛ kɔbere waya a ɛkame ayɛ sɛ anyinam ahoɔden a ɛko tia (\(0.0000017\text{ }\Omega\cdot\text{m}\)) no, asase, abotan, kɔnkrit, ne asphalt wɔ anyinam ahoɔden a ɛko tia kɛse (\(50\text{ kosi }3,000\text{ }\Omega\cdot\text{m}\)). Sɛ dump bed anaa crane boom a wɔama so di nkitaho a 13,800-volt (\(13.8\text{ kV}\)) three-phase distribution line (8,000 volts phase-to-ground) a, mfomso current sen fa dade lɔre no frame no so, fa ntwahonan no ano, na ɛyɛ arcing fa carbon-black rubber tae no so, na ɛsiane dade hydraulic outrigger pads no kɔ mu efĩ. - Esiane sɛ asase no gyina saa mprempren nsu a ɛsen yi ano nti, ahoɔden no nkɔ fam nkɔ \(0\text{ volts}\) wɔ beae a outrigger no ka efĩ no. Mmom no, hemispherical voltage cone bi ba asase a atwa lɔre no ho ahyia no mu: - Wɔ outrigger pad anaa tae contact patch no so pɛɛ no, asase no ankasa wɔ 8,000 volts. - Sɛ ɛne lɔre no ntam kwan yɛ mita 1 (anammɔn 3.3)** a, asase a ɛko tia no ma asase mu ahoɔden so tew kodu bɛyɛ 4,500 volts. - Sɛ ɛwɔ mita 2 (anammɔn 6.5) a, asase so ahoɔden yɛ 2,800 volts. - Sɛ ɛwɔ mita 3 (anammɔn 10) a, asase so ahoɔden yɛ 1,800 volts. - Voltage no kɔ so kɔ fam wɔ concentric rings mu kɔ mita 10 kosi 30 (anammɔn 33 kosi 100) kosi sɛ awiei koraa no ebedu nokware \(0\text{-volt}\) akyirikyiri asase.

2. Nea enti a Step Potential ne Touch Potential di awu ntɛm ara¶

Onipa nipadua no wɔ anyinam ahoɔden a ɛko tia (efi nsa so kosi nan so anaasɛ efi nan so kosi nan so wɔ honam ani a ɛyɛ nsu so) a ɛyɛ 500 kosi 1,000 ohms pɛ, na ahoɔden a ɛsesa fa koko no mu kakraa bi te sɛ 0.1 amperes (100 milliamperes) de ventricular fibrillation a edi awu ba. 1. Touch Potential (Bridging the Truck and the Ground): Sɛ ofirikafoɔ bi bue cab pon no, ɔde ne nsa benkum kura dadeɛ grab bar no (wɔ 8,000 volts), na ɔde wɔn nifa boot no si fam a ɛwɔ mita 1 (wɔ 4,500 volts) a, wɔn nipadua no bridges a 3,500-volt nsonsonoe. Ɛdenam Ohm mmara so (\(I = V / R\)), \(3,500\text{ volts} \div 1,000\text{ ohms} = \mathbf{3.5\text{ amperes}}\), mprenson a edi awu a ɛboro so mmɔho 35, na efi wɔn nsa mu tẽẽ fa wɔn koma mu kɔ wɔn nan mu. 2. Anamɔn Tumi (Bridging Two Rings of Dirt with Your Legs): Fa no sɛ wuhuruw fi lɔre no ho a woremfa wo nsa nka no, asi fam wɔ mita 1 fi tae no so, na afei woafa mmirikatu anammɔn a ɛyɛ mita 0.9 (anammɔn 3) a ɛyɛ daa akɔ ahobammɔ mu. W’akyi nan gyina 4,500-volt efĩ ring no so na w’anim nan gyina 2,800-volt efĩ ring no so. Esiane sɛ wo ntini a ɛyɛ mmerɛw no fa anyinam ahoɔden kɔ yiye sen efĩ a ɛyɛ nwunu nti, wo nan abien no yɛ bypass bridge a ɛnyɛ den pii a ɛfa 1,700-volt step potential so. Current tow tuo kɔ soro nan biako, fa wo pelvic nerves ne wo yafunu ase (amonom tetanizing na ɛma wo nan ntini yɛ mmerɛw), na ɛma wohwe ase anim-kan ne ne tenten nyinaa fa mita 2 (anammɔn 6.5) efĩ, a ntɛm ara de wo nsa ne wo koko twa 3,000-volt span, gyina wo koma.

Adwuma kar ne nnwinnade a anyinam ahoɔden nhama nkitahodi tebea horow a wɔde toto ho¶

Asiane a Ɛwɔ Tae a Ɛyɛ Pae a Ɛpae Mu: nea enti a lɔre tae a ahoɔden wom pae bere a wɔde wɔn ho ahyɛ mu, ne nnɔnhwerew bi akyi¶

Sɛ lɔre a wɔde tow nneɛma gu, lɔre a wɔde bokiti, anaa krane di nkitaho a, rɔba tae no ntumi nsiw lɔre no kwan mfi fam. Wɔde ɔha biara mu nkyem 30 conductive carbon black afra lɔre tae a wɔde di gua no mu na wɔde woven high-tensile steel belts ne steel bead wires ahyɛ mu den.

1. Nea enti a tae no mu gya hyew na ɛpae¶

Bere a mfomso ahoɔden amperes ɔhaha pii fa dade ntwahonan no ano kɔ dade tae abɔso no mu kɔduru ɔkwan a wɔfa so no so no, ɔhyew a ano yɛ den a ɛko tia (\(I-squared-R\)) ma dade abɔso a ɛwɔ rɔba funu no mu no yɛ hyew boro digrii Celsius 400 (digrii Fahrenheit 750) wɔ sikɔne kakraa bi mu. - Internal Pyrolysis (Destructive Distillation of Rubber): Wɔ tae no mu a wɔatoto mu na wɔahyɛ no den (a wɔahyɛ no ma akodu 700 kosi 830 kilopascals [100 kosi 120 psi]) mu no, dade abɔso a ɛyɛ hyew no ma rɔba a ɛwɔ mu no yɛ hyew ma ɛbɛyɛ hydrocarbon mframa a ɛyɛ hyew a ɛyɛ hyew kɛse (methane, hydrogen, butadiene, ne mframa bɔne). - Auto-ignition ne Supersonic Rupture: Sɛ saa pyrolysis gas a ɛyɛ hyew dodo no ne mframa a wɔahyɛ no den a ɛwɔ tae no mu no fra na ɛkɔ auto-ignition temperature ho a, nnuru a ɛpae wɔ tae no mu. Nhyɛso no kɔ soro boro 7,000 kilopascals (1,000 psi), na ɛde asorɔkye a ɛyɛ hu a ɛma lɔre no tae a emu yɛ duru ne dade rim no tetew mu denam asorɔkye a ɛyɛ hu a ɛtow anammɔn asinasin a emu duru yɛ kilogram 20 (nkaribo 45) fa wim mita 100 (anammɔn 330) na ɛma ogya hyew lɔre no tae a wɔde diesel ayɛ no mu. - The Delayed 24-Hour Pyrolysis Hazard: Bere a adwumakuw a ɛde anyinam ahoɔden yɛ adwuma no adum anyinam ahoɔden nhama no na adum ogyaframa a wotumi hu mpo akyi no, pyrolysis a ɛrehyew a ɛporɔw no betumi akɔ so wɔ aguadi lɔre tae a enni dɛm mu a wontumi nhu kɔsi nnɔnhwerew 24, na ɛpae a ɔmmɔ kɔkɔ bere a tow-truckkafo bi rebɔ aksel no so. Odumgyafo adwumayɛbea ahorow hyehyɛ mita 100 (anammɔn 330) beae a wɔayi afi mu atwa tae a wɔde ahoɔden kɛse a ɛka ho no ho ahyia kosi sɛ mfoninitwa mfiri a wɔde twa ɔhyew ho mfonini bɛhwɛ sɛ rim ahorow no ayɛ nwini akodu baabi a ɛhɔ yɛ hyew.

Anamɔn biara a wɔde di dwuma wɔ Two-Foot Jump-Clear ne Shuffle / Bunny-Hop no mu¶

Sɛ wusiw, ogyaframa, anaa tae a ɛrepae hyɛ wo ma wugyae kar a ɛwɔ ahoɔden ansa na adwumakuw a ɛde anyinam ahoɔden di dwuma no adum anyinam ahoɔden no a, wo nkwagye gyina honam fam tebea a ɛyɛ katee so:

Ɔfã 1: Ahosiesie ne Nneɛma a Wɔde Fi Ase wɔ Kab Pon ano¶

1. Pia cab pon no nyinaa bue sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a ɛbɛkyere anaasɛ ɛbɛsan akɔ akyi wɔ hinge ahorow no so na entumi nhinhim nsan nkɔ brush wo mmati bere a worehuruw no.
2. Hwɛ asase a ɛwɔ ɔpon no ase tẽẽ: Hwɛ nhama a ahwe ase a ɛda dɔte no so; sɛ waya bi da ofirikafo no pon ase a, foro fa console no so na huruw fi akwantufo pon no mu mmom.
3. Gyina cab fam ano anaa anammɔn a ɛyɛ dry a ɛkorɔn sen biara no so a wo nan abien no nyinaa abom: Mforo antweri a ɛwɔ fam no nsa biako ne nan biako bere koro mu.
4. Twe wo nsateaa na twa wo nsateaa no denneennen wɔ wo moma so: Sɛ nkurɔfo huruw fi lɔre anammɔn a ne sorokɔ yɛ mita 1 (ne sorokɔ yɛ anammɔn 3.3) so a, wɔn awosu mu adwene a wɔde si fam no ne sɛ wɔde wɔn nsa biako bɛkɔ akyi akɔkyere wɔn kari pɛ wɔ lɔre no fender anaa ɔpon no so. Sɛ wode wo nsa twa wo moma so a, ɛmma wo nsa ntumi nka lɔre nipadua a ahoɔden wom no bere a wo mpaboa abɔ efĩ no akyi (a ɛbɛma anyinam ahoɔden abɔ Touch-Potential ntɛm ara).
5. Spring outward and land on BOTH FEET simultaneously: Kotow wo nkotodwe kakra na ama woatwe impact no bere a wo heels ne ankles no mia wo ho denneennen sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wo nan abien no nyinaa bɛtra voltage ring koro no ara pɛpɛɛpɛ. (Sɛ wohwe ase bere a worekɔ fam a, mfa wo nsa nsan nkɔ lɔre no ho da; fa wo hwene to nkyɛn na fa wo nsa ne wo nan abɔ mu denneennen, ɛwom sɛ sɛ wobɛtra hɔ tẽẽ wɔ nan abien so a, ahobammɔ wom koraa de).

Ɔfã 2: Wobɛtu Mita 15 kosi 30 (Anamɔn 50 kosi 100) akɔ Asase a Ɛwɔ Akyirikyiri so¶

Sɛ wode wo nan abien no nyinaa si fam wie a, paw ɔkwan a ɛbɛma woakari pɛ yiye wɔ asase no so: - Ɔkwan A - The Heel-to-Toe Shuffle (Eye sen biara wɔ pavement, gravel, dɔte a ɛkɔ fam, anaa asase a nsukyenee wɔ so a hupping betumi ama woahinhim na woahwe ase petee): - Ma mpaboa abien no nyinaa ase yɛ petee wɔ fam bere nyinaa. - Fa wo nan nifa no kɔ w’anim nsen sentimita 5 kosi 8 (nsateakwaa 2 kosi 3) sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wo mpaboa nifa no nan ase bɛkɔ so aka anaasɛ ɛne wo mpaboa benkum no nansoaa bɛyɛ pɛ. - Fa wo nan benkum no kɔ soro wɔ wo nan nifa nkyɛn, na ma wo nansoaa nkɔ so nsɛe wo ho. - Esiane sɛ wo nan ntam ntew nsen sɛntimita kakraa bi da na nan abien no mu biara nsɛe nkitahodi wɔ anammɔn a ɛtrɛw mu nti, nsonsonoe a ɛda wo nan benkum ne nifa ntam ahoɔden ntam no da so ara bɛn zero. - Ɔkwan B - The Two-Foot Bunny Hop (Wɔgye tom wɔ pavement a ɛyɛ tratraa na emu da hɔ so sɛ wowɔ kari pɛ a emu yɛ den a): - Ma wo nan ne wo nkotodwe nyinaa nkyekyere wo ho denneennen te sɛ nea wɔde hama akyekyere wo nansoaa. - Huruw kɔ w’anim tiawa mu a, fa nan abien ahuruhuruw a ɛyɛ sɛntimita 15 kosi 20 (nsateakwaa 6 kosi 8) a wɔahyɛ so, na si fam wɔ wo nan abien no nyinaa so wɔ milisekɔn koro pɛpɛɛpɛ bere biara. - Kɔkɔbɔ: Sɛ wohwere kari pɛ bere a worebɔ bunny hop na wohintiw kɔ w’anim kɔ lunge a ɛtrɛw mu anaasɛ wohwe ase tratraa wɔ wo nsa ne wo nkotodwe so a, wobɛbɔ bridge a ɛyɛ mita 2 (anammɔn 6.5) voltage span na anyinam ahoɔden bɛbɔ wo. Wɔ mpanyimfo dodow no ara a wɔhyɛ adwuma mpaboa a emu yɛ duru fam no, wɔde brɛoo a wɔde fra wɔn nan ase kosi wɔn nan ase a wɔde wɔn nsa ka wɔn nansoaa no yɛ nea ahobammɔ wom na ɛyɛ den sen sɛ wobehuruw. - Ɛsɛ sɛ wobɔ mu kɔ akyiri he? Kɔ so frafra anaa huruw kosi sɛ anyɛ yiye koraa no, wobɛkɔ akyirikyiri mita 15 (anammɔn 50) afi kar no ne waya biara a ahwe ase wɔ asase a ɛso yɛ kusuu so, anaasɛ mita 30 (anammɔn 100) sɛ asase no yɛ nsu, atɛkyɛ, anaasɛ sɛ nhama no yɛ nhama a ɛma ahoɔden kɛse (\(\ge 69\text{ kV}\)).

Minimum Approach Distances (MAD) a ɛbɛma anyinam ahoɔden nhama a ɛbɛka ho ansa na asi¶

Wɔ OSHA 29 CFR 1926.1408 (Cranes ne Derricks) ne 29 CFR 1910.333 ase no, adwumayɛfo a wɔnfata (obiara a ɔnyɛ high-voltage utility lineman a ɔwɔ adansedi krataa a ɔde hot-line nnwinnade yɛ adwuma) no kura Minimum Approach Distances (MAD) a ɛyɛ katee wɔ kar no fã biara, boom, bokiti, . dump bed, anaa adesoa ne anyinam ahoɔden nhama a ɛwɔ soro a ahoɔden wom:

• Ɛkɔsi 50,000 volts (50 kV - ɛkame ayɛ sɛ nnua-dua mmɔnten so nkyekyɛmu nhama nyinaa ka ho): Anyɛ yiye koraa no, tra akyirikyiri mita 3.05 (anammɔn 10), ne ** mita 6.1 (anammɔn 20)** kwan ma krane ne derrick a ɛwɔ OSHA 1926.1408 Table A ase gye sɛ wɔde spotter a wɔatu ho ama ne mfiri a wɔde siw link/range-limiting a wɔabɔ ho ban adi dwuma.
• 50 kV kɔsi 200 kV (Sub-transmission ne dadeɛ/tall-pole transmission lines): Anyɛ yie koraa no, tena mita 4.6 (anammɔn 15) akyirikyiri.
• 200 kV kosi 350 kV (High-voltage lattice steel transmission towers): Anyɛ yiye koraa no, tra akyirikyiri mita 6.1 (anammɔn 20).
• 350 kV kɔsi 500 kV (Extra-high-voltage regional transmission grids): Anyɛ yie koraa no, tra akyirikyiri mita 7.6 (anammɔn 25) (anaasɛ ** mita 10.7 [anammɔn 35]** ma krane).

Mpɔtam hɔ ntɛmpɛ nɔma ne adwumakuw no nhyehyɛe ahorow¶

• United States: Frɛ 911 ntɛm ara na ka kyerɛ nea ɔde kɔma no sɛ: "Kar/boom bi ne anyinam ahoɔden nhama a ɛwɔ soro a ahoɔden wom wɔ [address anaa dua nɔma pɔtee]" enti 911 kanyan Emergency Utility Hot-Line De-Energization Request a ɛne mpɔtam hɔ anyinam ahoɔden control center. Adwumayɛbea ahobanbɔ no, OSHA 29 CFR 1926.1408 (Power Line Safety for Cranes/Booms), 29 CFR 1910.269 (Electric Power Generation, Transmission, and Distribution), ne ANSI/SAIA A92.2 (Vehicle-Mounted Elevating and Rotating Air Devices) na ɛhwɛ adwumayɛbea ahobanbɔ so.
• Canada: Frɛ 911 na bɔ ɔmantam no mu nsuo ho adwumayɛkuo a ɛhia ntɛm (Hydro One, Hydro-Quebec, BC Hydro) amanneɛ. CSA Z256 / CSA C225 (Vehicle-Mounted Aerial Devices) ne ɔmantam adwumayɛ akwahosan ne ahobanbɔ anohyeto a ɛfa baabi a wɔbɛbɛn (mpɛn pii no mita 3 [anammɔn 10] a ɛba fam koraa ma adwumayɛfo a wɔnfata a ɛkɔ soro kodu 75 kV) na ɛhwɛ so.
• United Kingdom: Frɛ 999 anaa 112 ma ntɛmpɛ dwumadie, na frɛ 105 (UK National Power Cut and Electrical Emergency Number) na du mpɔtam hɔ Distribution Network Operator (DNO) control room no mu ntɛm ara. HSE Akwankyerɛ Nkyekyɛmu GS6 (Asiane a Wɔkwati a ɛfiri Tumi Nhama a Ɛwɔ soro) ne Afiridwuma mu Mmara 1989 na ɛdi so.
• European Union: Frɛ 112 wɔ EU aman nyinaa mu. Wɔahyɛ ho mmara wɔ EN 50110 (Adwumayɛ a ɛfa anyinam ahoɔden a wɔde si hɔ) ne EN 280 / IEC 61057 (Wim mfiri a ɛwɔ insulating boom) ase.
• Australia ne New Zealand: Frɛ 000 wɔ Australia anaa 111 wɔ New Zealand. Safe Work Australia (Akwankyerɛ a ɛfa Cranes ne Mobile Plant a Ɛbɛn Overhead Electric Lines a Wɔde Di Dwuma), ɔman no anyinam ahoɔden ahobanbɔ adwumayɛbea ahorow (Energy Safe Victoria, Ausgrid), ne AS 2550 / AS/NZS 3000 ("No Go Zones" ("No Go Zones" a ɛtaa yɛ mita 3 [anammɔn 10] wɔ nnua so ne mita 6.4 kosi 8 na ɛhwɛ so [21 kosi anammɔn 26] wɔ abantenten a wɔde fa nsu mu so).

Nsɛm a wɔtaa bisa¶

Dɛn nti na anyinam ahoɔden nhama a ɛwɔ ahoɔden kɛse nni rɔba a wɔde abɔ waya no ho te sɛ hama a wɔde trɛw mu?¶

Nhama a wɔde kyekyɛ anyinam ahoɔden a ɛwɔ soro ne nea wɔde fa nsu mu a wɔde asisi nnua a wɔde di dwuma so no bɛboro ɔha biara mu nkyem 95 yɛ aluminium anaa kɔbere hama a ɛda hɔ kwa koraa, a enni mframa a ɛbɔ ho ban. Sɛ wɔde rɔba anaa plastic a ɛyɛ den a ɛbɛma nhama a ɛwɔ soro no atwa ho ahyia a ɛbɛma nhama no ayɛ duru na atrɛw araa ma nnua a wɔde yɛ nneɛma ne abasa a wɔde twam no bɛhwe ase wɔ emu duru ne mframa/nsukyenee adesoa no ase, bere a ɛkyere ɔhyew a ɛwɔ mu no. Mmom no, anyinam ahoɔden nhama a ɛwɔ soro no de wɔn ho to mframa a ɛda hɔ so sɛ nea ɛbɔ ho ban. Hyɛ no nsow sɛ nhama a wɔde wim tebea akata so a ne kɔla tuntum ("dua waya" anaa multiplex service drops) mpo wɔ wim tebea jacket a ɛyɛ tratraa nkutoo a ɛbɛtew nnua nkorabata mfomso so, ɛnyɛ ahobammɔ a wɔde siw ano ankasa, na ɛbɛda so ara de anyinam ahoɔden abɔ obiara a ne boom anaa antweri ka wɔn.

Dɛn nti na rɔba tae a ɛwɔ bokiti lɔre anaa kar mu no nnɔɔso sɛ ɛbɛma kar no akɔ fam?¶

Bere a laboratory latex rɔba a ɛho tew yɛ anyinam ahoɔden a ɛmma anyinam ahoɔden nkɔ mu no, wɔyɛ kar ne aguadi lɔre tae denam rɔba a wɔde ɔha biara mu nkyem 25 kosi 35 **carbon black** (a ɛyɛ anyinam ahoɔden kɔ) a wɔde fra na wɔde **woven high-carbon steel wire belts ne steel rim beads** hyɛ casing no den. Nea ɛho hia sen saa no, sɛ anyinam ahoɔden a ɛkyekyɛ no yɛ volt 4,000 kosi 34,500 a, ɛnyɛ den sɛ anyinam ahoɔden no bɛfa tae bi nkyɛnkyɛn a ne kɛse yɛ sɛntimita 15 (nsateakwaa 6) no so anaasɛ ɛbɛfa rɔba a ɛyɛ carbon-black a ɛma nsu fa mu ne dade abɔso a ɛma tae no mu tẽẽ kɔ fam, na ɛdan tae no ma ɛbɛyɛ ɔhyew a ɛretu wusiw a ɛkyere ogya na ɛpae.

So ɛsɛ sɛ anyinam ahoɔden nhama a ɛwɔ soro no ka me aluminium antweri anaa boom lift no honam fam na ama anyinam ahoɔden abɔ me?¶

Dabi, anyinam ahoɔden a ɛwɔ ahoɔden kɛse betumi ahuruw (arc) afa mframa a ɛda hɔ mu akɔ dade boom, waya nhama, aluminium antweri, anaa dua nkorabata a ɛyɛ nsu a wɔde ahyɛ fam a ɛnyɛ honam fam nkitahodi. Bere a mframa a ɛyɛ nwunu wɔ ahoɔden a ɛma anyinam ahoɔden a ɛpaapae bɛyɛ milimita 3,000 wɔ aduruyɛdan mu kurukuruwa a ɛho tew ntam, wɔ dade ano a ano yɛ nnam, mframa a ɛyɛ nwini, mfutuma, anaa corona akwan a ɛwɔ ionized a ɛwɔ nhama a wɔde fa nhama so no ntam no, arcs a ahoɔden kɛse wom tumi huruw sen sɛntimita pii kodu bɛboro mita biako, na mframa a ɛbɔ no ma waya no ne boom a wɔama so nyinaa wosow 1 kosi 2 mita (anammɔn 3.3 kosi 6.5) a wɔnhwɛ kwan. Ɛno nti na OSHA hwehwɛ sɛ wɔyɛ mita 3 (anammɔn 10) a ɛyɛ katee a wɔde siw kwan a ɛba fam koraa ma mpɔtam hɔ nnua nhama a wɔahyɛ da ayɛ mpo.

Sɛ mewɔ dua bi a wɔde akata so anaa bokiti a wɔmfa mframa nkɔ mu mu na mete nka sɛ me nan anaa me nsa reyɛ ayɛ me yaw a, dɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ meyɛ?¶

Sɛ wobɔ wo mpaboa, wo nantwi mma, anaa wo nsateaa ano a, wo ho yɛ wo yaw anaasɛ woreyɛ dede ("electrical tickle") kyerɛ sɛ wugyina hɔ wɔ ahoɔden a ɛkɔ soro a ɛnam nsuo a ɛretu fa dua dua, boom, anaa hama a ɛyɛ nsuo a ɛfiri ahoɔden a ɛkɔ soro a ɛbɛn wo mu ba no so. Gyae sɛ wobɛkɔ waya anaa dua no fã no ho ntɛm ara; sɛ wowɔ dua bi mu a, twa nkitahodi a ɛne abɔnten nkorabata a ɛyɛ nsu a ɛkɔ waya no ho no mu bere a wote equipotential dua no fã biako so anaasɛ fa dielectric hama a ɛyɛ dry so sian kɔ akyirikyiri fi phase waya no ho; sɛ wowɔ fam a, tow nnwinnade anaa nhama biara gu ntɛm ara, mia wo nan so denneennen, na fa wo nan ase kosi wo nan ase fra mita 15 (anammɔn 50).

Bere bɛn na asiane biara nni ho sɛ wɔbɛyɛ CPR wɔ odwumayɛni bi a lɔre bi a ɛkaa anyinam ahoɔden nhama maa ne ho dwiriw no no so?¶

Wubetumi abɛn nea wɔayɛ no bɔne no na wode wo nsa aka no bere a wodi tebea abien no mu biako ho dwuma ɔha biara mu nkyem 100 pɛ: (1) adwumakuw a ɛhwɛ anyinam ahoɔden so no asi so dua sɛ wɔayi ahoɔden afi nhama a ɛwɔ soro no mu na wɔde ahyɛ fam, ANAA (2) nea wɔayɛ no bɔne no da baabi a ebetumi atu anammɔn a ne tenten yɛ mita 15 (anammɔn 50) no akyi koraa na ɔnka lɔre no, waya a ahwe ase, anaa nneɛma a ɛde nsu kɔ lɔre no mu no. Sɛ beaeɛ no yɛ anyinam ahoɔden a, obi a ne ho adwiriw no nipadua **nkora** anyinam ahoɔden so, ɛyɛ ahobammɔ koraa sɛ ɛbɛka wɔn honam ani na wafi ase amia ne koko ntɛm ara, agye ahome, ne Automated External Defibrillator (AED) ahopopo. Esiane sɛ ahoɔden a ɛkɔ soro a ɛsesa no ma ventricular fibrillation anaasɛ ɔhome mu obubuafo ba bere a koma no ntini no ankasa da so ara wɔ apɔwmuden nti, CPR ne AED defibrillation a wɔde ma ntɛm ara no nya nkwa dodow a ɛkɔ soro yiye. Sɛ wɔyɛ nsaanodwuma CPR, AED, ne mmoa a edi kan adesua a efi Red Cross, St John Ambulance, anaa mpɔtam hɔ adwumayɛfo bi hɔ a, esiesie adwumayɛfo a wobegye nkwa wɔ anyinam ahoɔden akwanhyia akyi.

Akwankyerɛ ahorow a ɛfa ho¶

• Tumi nhama a ahwe ase ne kar mu anyinam ahoɔden a ɛbɔ
• Crane tip-over, suspended adesoa drop, ne overhead anyinam ahoɔden nhama contact
• Arc flash blast, switchgear a ahoɔden kɛse wom, ne substation hyew
• Mmoa a edi kan a anyinam ahoɔden a wɔde bɔ obi ne nea wɔsan de ma

Fibea ne aban akwankyerɛ¶

• Adwuma mu Ahobanbɔ ne Akwahosan Ho Dwumadie (OSHA 29 CFR 1926.1408, 1910.269, ne 1910.333): Ahobanbɔ a ɛwɔ soro, Akwansin a ɛsua koraa a wɔfa so kɔ (MAD), Anamɔn ne nsa a ɛbɛtumi aba ho abɔdeɛ mu nneɛma, ne Asase so adwumayɛfoɔ a wɔayi wɔn afiri mu.
• Scaffold & Access Industry Association (SAIA) ne ANSI A92.2 / IEC 61057: Wim mfiri a Ɛma Kɔ soro ne Nea Ɛkyinkyini a Wɔde Si Kar so: Dielectric Insulation Categories (A, B, C), Lower-Boom Insulator Limits, ne Periodic Dielectric Testing.
• Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE Std 80 ne IEEE Std 516): IEEE Akwankyerɛ a ɛfa Ahobanbɔ ho wɔ AC Substation Grounding (Step and Touch Voltage Equations) ne Nsiesie akwan wɔ Energized Power Lines so.
• Ɔman Asoɛe a Ɛhwɛ Adwuma mu Ahobammɔ ne Akwahosan So (NIOSH) ne Tae Nnwuma Fekuw (TIA): Electrocting a Crane, Dump-Truck, ne Boom-Truck Adwumayɛfo Siw ne Asiane Ho Kɔkɔbɔ wɔ High-Voltage Tire Pyrolysis Explosions ho a wobesiw ano.
• United Kingdom Health and Safety Executive (HSE Guidance Note GS6) ne Energy Networks Association (ENA): Kwati Asiane a ɛfiri Overhead Power Lines ne Ntɛmpɛ Kar Guankɔbea ("Jump and Shuffle") Protocols.