Po so ahyɛn a wɔde tu kwan ho nsɛm a egye ntɛmpɛ: mmeae a wɔboaboa wɔn ano, ogya a wɔtow wɔ po so, ne nnuruyɛ mu a wɔde wɔn fi hɔ¶
Nnɛyi po so ahyɛn a wɔde fa po so ne amanaman ntam akwantufo hyɛmma yɛ nkurow a ɛsensɛn nsu so a akwantufo ne adwumayɛfo bɛyɛ 1,000 kosi 9,000 fa po a ɛda hɔ, po so ahyɛn akwan teateaa, ne po so nsu a ɛwɔ akyirikyiri so. Wɔ Amanaman Ntam Apam a Ɛfa Po so Nkwa Ahobammɔ Ho (SOLAS) ase no, wɔde ahyɛn a wɔde fa nnipa no mu nneɛma nketenkete a nsu ntumi nkɔ mu, diesel-electric propulsion pods a ɛho nhia, ogya a wɔde siw ogya ano a wɔde nsu a ɛyɛ den a ɛyɛ nsu a ɛyɛ nwini gu mu, ne ahyɛmma a wɔde gye nkwa a wɔato mu a ebetumi aboa obiara a ɔwɔ mu no.
Ɛmfa ho mfiridwuma mu ahobammɔ a ɛyɛ hu yi no, po so tebea horow a egye ntɛmpɛ no mu yɛ den ntɛmntɛm efisɛ hyɛn a ɛwɔ po so no yɛ beae a atew ne ho a ɛne odumgyafo adwumayɛbea ahorow a ɛwɔ asase so ne mmeae a wɔhwɛ apirakuru a ɛwɔ Level 1 no ntam kwan yɛ nnɔnhwerew anaa nna pii. Sɛ ogya a ɛtɔ wɔ engine dan mu ma anyinam ahoɔden a wɔde tu mmirika no gyae, hyɛn no hyɛn no mu a ɛpaapae ma ɛyɛ list a emu yɛ den, asorɔkye a ɛyɛ atirimɔdensɛm bi bɔ hyɛn no anim, anaasɛ ɔkwantufo bi hwe po no mu kɔ po mu nsu a ɛyɛ sum mu a, nkwa a wubenya no gyina sɛnea wunim wo muster station no yiye ntɛm ara, hyɛn no mu kɔkɔbɔ nsɛnkyerɛnne, akwan a wɔfa so yi wusiw fi hɔ, ne helikopta medevac akwan horow so.
Yɛ eyi mprempren¶
- Hu General Emergency Alarm no ntɛm ara: Sɛ wote sɛ ɔtopae ntiantiaa ason anaa nea ɛboro saa di akyi a ɛpae bere tenten biako wɔ hyɛn no abɛn ne emu alarm dɔn so a, gyae nea woreyɛ no na siesie wo ho sɛ wobɛkɔ muster (assembly) station a wɔde ama wo no.
- Nsan nkɔ wo stateroom mu da nhyia nnipadɔm anaa wusiw: Sɛ ntɛmpɛ alarm bi bɔ bere a wowɔ ɔmanfo deck so a, fa w’ani kyerɛ wo muster station no tẽẽ; adwumayɛfo no de SOLAS atade a wɔde gye nkwa a ɛma ɔhyew, nkokoaa atade a wɔde gye nkwa, ne nneɛma a wɔde bɔ wɔn ho ban fi ɔhyew ho sie wɔ mmeae a wɔboaboa ano no pɛɛ.
- Sɛ obi hwe ase wɔ po no mu a, nyi w'ani mfi ne so da: Teɛm "Man Overboard" na twe wo nsa a woatrɛw mu no kyerɛ onipa a ɔwɔ nsu no mu no bere a obi a ɔto so abien a ɔhwɛ no tow lifebuoy ring a ɛbɛn no (a ne wusiw ne kanea agyiraehyɛde a ɛhyew ne ho) na ɔbɔ hyɛn no mu telefon nɔma a ɛfa ntɛmpɛ ho no.
- Tena fam na fa dade antweri nsateaa di dwuma bere a ogya retɔ anaasɛ woreyɛ listing: Mfa elevators nni dwuma da bere a alarm rebɔ; fa wo nsa biako nkyekyere dade kwan so nsateaa a wɔasisi no so denneennen bere a ɔdan no atifi dan no, na sɛ ogya hyɛn ɔkwan bi so a, wee wusiw tuntum a ɛrekɔ soro no ase.
- Nhuruw nkɔ po mu da gye sɛ wo nan reka nsu a ɛrekɔ soro: Sɛ wohwe ase mita 18 kosi 30 (anammɔn 60 kosi 100) fi po so hyɛn a ɛwɔ soro so kɔ po mu bere a wohyɛ safe tokuru a ɛyɛ den a ɛma wogye nkwa a, ɛbɔ nsu no bɛboro kilomita 65 dɔnhwerew biara (akwansin 40 dɔnhwerew biara), na ɛma awotwaa no akyi berɛmo mu paapae a edi awu na wunnim hwee.
- Di Owura no nne a wɔde bɔ amanneɛ akyi ansa na woagyae hyɛn: Wɔayɛ nnɛyi po so ahyɛn a wɔde tu kwan no sɛ ɛnyɛ adwuma sɛ "wɔn ankasa nkwagye hyɛmma a eye sen biara"; mmɔ mmɔden da sɛ wubegyae anaasɛ wobɛforo hyɛn a wɔde gye nkwa anaa hyɛn a wɔde gye nkwa a wɔde mframa gu mu kosi sɛ hyɛn no so Panyin (Wura) de ano ahyɛde a ɛda adi pefee bɛma sɛ wonnyaw hyɛn no.
Nea enti a ɛnsɛ sɛ wuhuruw fi abansoro a ɛkorɔn so da wɔ keyhole lifejacket mu
Wɔde standard SOLAS rigid foam keyhole lifejackets ayɛ engineering a wɔde nneɛma akɛse a ɛyɛ papa a ɛtumi fa nsuo mu twa ne moma so ne ne kɔn ho hyia na ama asuguarefoɔ a onnim hwee n’anim akɔ soro wɔ po a emu yɛ duru mu. Sɛ wuhuruw fi ɔkwan a wɔfa so nantew anaa ɔtare bi a ɛwɔ nsu no atifi bɛboro mita 4.5 (anammɔn 15) a womfa wo nsa a wɔatwa no nkyekyere jacket no mu denneennen a, tumi a ɛkɔ soro a ɛma nsu no bɔ foam kɔla a ɛyɛ den no denneennen wɔ wo hwene ne wo hwene mu bere a worehyɛn mu no. Saa nkɛntɛnso yi taa paapae awotwaa no akyi berɛmo, bubu mandible no, anaasɛ ɛbɔ nea ɔrehuruw no ma onnim hwee. Bere nyinaa foro ahyɛmma a wɔde gye nkwa a ɛnyɛ nea ɛyow wɔ baabi a wɔde hyɛn no kɔ no, fa Marine Evacuation System (MES) a ɛtwetwe nneɛma di dwuma, anaasɛ foro sian asau a wɔde tu mmirika anaasɛ antweri a wɔde hyɛn no mu a wɔabɔ no nhama.
Hyɛn mu alarm nsɛnkyerɛnne ne adwumayɛfo ahobammɔ ho mmara a wɔbɛkyerɛ ase¶
Hyɛn biara a ɛfa akwantufo a ɛkɔ po so a ɛyɛ adwuma wɔ amanaman ntam nsu mu no di nnyigyei nsɛnkyerɛnne a wɔahyɛ da ayɛ a Amanaman Ntam Po so Ahyehyɛde (IMO) de ahyɛde wɔ SOLAS apam no ase akyi, ne nsɛmfua a ɛwɔ ɔman no mu a ɛfa ɔmanfo address mmara a emu adwumayɛfo de di dwuma de boaboa akuw a wɔyɛ ho biribi ntɛmntɛm a ɛmma akwantufo no ntu mmirika ho.
| Alarm Signal anaa Code Nhwɛso | Acoustic Pattern anaa Dawurubɔ | Nkyerɛase a Wɔde Di Dwuma | Akwantufo Adeyɛ a Wɔhwehwɛ |
|---|---|---|---|
| General Emergency Alarm (Amansan nyinaa SOLAS Gyinapɛn) . | Apae ntiantiaa 7 anaa nea ɛboro saa a ɛno akyi no, ɔtopae 1 a ɛkyɛ** wɔ hyɛn no abɛn ne emu kwan so dɔn so. | Ntɛm ara a egye ntɛmpɛ wɔ po so hyɛn no nyinaa mu (ogya kɛse, hyɛn a ɛbɔ, asase a ɛbɛtɔ, nsuyiri, anaa ahosiesie sɛ wobegyaw hyɛn no hɔ). | Hyɛ ntade a ɛyɛ hyew, mpaboa a ɛyɛ den a wɔatoto wo nan ase, ne nkwagye atade sɛ wowɔ wo dan mu a; fa nnuru a wɔkyerɛw ma obi da biara da; kɔ so brɛoo fa antweri so kɔ Muster Station a wɔde ama wo no. |
| Ogya ne Wusiw Adwumayɛfo Kɔkɔbɔ (Nhwɛso ahorow a wɔtaa yɛ: Code Bravo, Code Red, anaa Alpha Team) | Ɛnne a wɔbɔ mpɛn abiɛsa anaasɛ code asɛmfua pɔtee bi a wɔde deck ne ogya-beae nɔma bɔ amanneɛ. | Ogya a ɛretu, wusiw afiri a wɔde hwehwɛ adwuma, anaa nneɛma a asiane wom a esisi wɔ beae pɔtee bi a ogya tɔ wɔ hyɛn mu. | Twe wo ho fi deck ne zone a wɔde too gua no ho; ma odumgyafo adwumayɛfo a wɔhyɛ dwetɛ anaa bunker nneɛma kwan ma wɔmfa kwan a edi mũ wɔ antweri so; hwɛ sɛ apon a nsu ntumi nkɔ mu anaasɛ ogya ntumi nkɔ mu a ɛbɛto mu ara kwa. |
| Aduruyɛ mu Kɔkɔbɔ a Ɛho Hia Ntɛmntɛm (Nhwɛso a ɛtaa ba: Code Alpha, Code Blue, anaa Star Code) | Ɔmanfo kasa frɛ a wɔde kɔma hyɛn no mu nnuruyɛfo kuw a wɔwɔ beae a ɛwɔ hyɛn no mu anaa hyɛn no atifi. | Ɔkwantufo anaa adwumayɛfo a wɔwɔ komayare, akisikuru, anaasɛ ahodwiriw a emu yɛ den a ɛhwehwɛ sɛ wɔde stretcher bua. | Fa wo ho to nkyɛn wɔ akwan so na kura elevator a ɛnyɛ ntɛmpɛ a wɔde di dwuma sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a aduruyɛ mu stretcher kuw no betumi adu nea wapira no nkyɛn ntɛm ara. |
| Man Overboard Alert (Nhwɛsoɔ a wɔtaa yɛ: Code Oscar anaa Mr. Mob) | Ɔpae abiɛsa a ɛkyɛe wɔ hyɛn no abɛn (Morse code krataa O ma Oscar) ne bridge PA kɔkɔbɔ. | Obi afi anwenne no mu ahwe ase wɔ nsu no mu anaasɛ wɔahu no sɛ ɔrehuruhuruw. | Fa afiri a wɔde hwɛ akyirikyiri kɔ abɔnten keteke kwan a ɛbɛn wo paa no so na woayɛ adwuma sɛ obi a ɔhwɛ ade; twe adwene si so kɔ so sɛ wuhu asuguarefo no a; mfa nkongua anaa nwura ngu nsu no mu da. |
| Ahobanbɔ anaa Hull Breach Alert (Nhwɛso a wɔtaa yɛ: Code Delta, Code Zulu, anaa Papa) | Specialized emu adwumayɛfo ahobammɔ anaasɛ ɔsɛe-hwɛ frɛ wɔ PA nhyehyɛe no so. | Hull a wɔsɛe no, biohazard a ɛbɛhwie agu, ahobammɔ ho akasakasa, anaasɛ abɔnten so po so adwowtwafo ahunahuna. | Di adwumayɛfo no akwankyerɛ a wɔde ma ntɛm ara akyi na woasan akɔ mfinimfini akwan anaa abansoro dan mu na toto ɔdan no mu apon mu. |
| Gyaw Hyɛn Ahyɛde | Anom ahyɛdeɛ nko ara a Hyɛn no wura (Captain) ankasa de ma wɔ PA nhyehyɛeɛ a ɛdi General Emergency Alarm no akyi. | Po so hyɛn no nni ahobammɔ bio sɛ ɛbɛkɔ so atra mu; adwumayɛfo befi ase de nneɛma ahyɛ ahyɛn a wɔde gye nkwa mu na wɔasi fam. | Fa hyɛmma a wɔde gye nkwa a wɔato mu a wɔde ama wo anaa Marine Evacuation System (MES) chute no hyɛ mu wɔ nhyehyɛe a edi kan pɛpɛɛpɛ a deck officers kyerɛ no mu. |
Nea enti a sɛ yɛfa Day 1 Muster Drill no aniberesɛm a, egye nkwa¶
Wɔ amanaman ntam po so mmara ase no, ɛsɛ sɛ ɔkwantufo biara a ɔretu kwan a ɛboro nnɔnhwerew 24 no wie nsɛm a wɔka kyerɛ wɔn a wɔaboaboa wɔn ano ansa na wɔafi hɔ anaasɛ wɔafi hɔ ntɛm ara. Wɔ po so ahyɛn a wɔde nnɛyi "e-Muster" nhyehyɛe ahorow di dwuma mu mpo (baabi a akwantufo hwɛ ahobammɔ video wɔ wɔn smartphone anaa wimhyɛn no mu television so ansa na wɔakɔ wɔn honam fam wɔ wɔn nhyiam gyinabea) no, ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ honam fam nhwehwɛmu abiɛsa wɔ wo dɔnhwerew a edi kan wɔ hyɛn no mu:
- Nantew antweri akwan abien a ɛde ne ho fi wo dan mu kɔ wo Muster Station: Hwehwɛ antweri titiriw no ne anyɛ yiye koraa no antweri foforo biako wɔ ɔkwan a ɛne no bɔ abira so. Kan dan no mu apon dodow a ɛda wo dan mu dan ne antweri pon no ntam sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wubetumi ahu ɔkwan a wobɛfa so afi mu denam wo nsa a wode bɛka wo ho wɔ sum koraa anaa wusiw a ano yɛ den mu.
- Hwɛ nkwagye ntade a ɛwɔ wo stateroom closet mu anaa mpa ase: Hwɛ sɛ mpanyimfo nkwagye ntade biako wɔ hɔ ma ɔpanyin biara a ɔte mu, ne nkwagye ntade soronko a ne kɛse te sɛ mmofra (a crotch strap ka ho) anaasɛ nkokoaa mpa a ɛsensɛn nsu so sɛ wo ne nkokoaa retu kwan a. Hwɛ sɛ locator kanea a nsu na ɛyɛ adwuma, whistle, ne retro-reflective tape no nni dɛm.
- Kenkan wo stateroom pon no akyi: Schematic map a wɔde ahyɛ wo cabin pon no mu no kyerɛ dan a nsu ntumi nkɔ mu ne ogya beae a ɛda hɔ a wote, ɔkwan a wobɛfa so akɔ wo muster station, ne kɔla a ɛwɔ hyɛn no fam a ɛwɔ baabi a ɛba fam a ɛyɛ photoluminescent (glow-in-the-dark) floor escape strips no.
flowchart TD
Alarm["7 Ɔtow Tiatiaa + 1 Ɔpae Tenten (General Emergency Alarm) ."] --> Location{"Ɛhe na Wowɔ Seesei?"}
Location -->|"Wɔ Wo Stateroom Mu"| Dress["Hyɛ Pants Tenten, Nsa Tenten, Mpaboa a Ɛyɛ Den a Wɔatoto, na Fa Critical Meds + Passport"]
Location -->|"Wɔ Public Deck, Adidibea, anaa Agodibea"| GoDirect["Nko Nko atia Nnipadɔm San Nkɔ Cabin; Adwumayɛfoɔ Bɛma Spare Lifejacket wɔ Muster Station"]
Dress --> CheckDoor["Te Cabin Door ne Metal Handle ne Nsa akyi ma Ɔhyew"]
CheckDoor -->|"Cool na Clear"| Corridor["Fa Lifejacket (Hyɛ no wɔ Muster Station Gye sɛ Wɔahyɛ Da Ansa Na Woahyɛ) na Fa Atrapoe"]
CheckDoor -->|"Wusiw Tuntum a Ɛyɛ Hɔ anaasɛ Ɛyɛ Den"| AltExit["Ma Ɔpon no To mu, Fa Mpopaho a Ɛyɛ Nsu Siw Mframa a Ɛma Mframa Mu, Frɛ Bridge, na Sɛ Wode Ahyɛ Mu a, Fa Balcony Partition so Fi adi"]
GoDirect --> Stairs["Fa Atwedeɛ Nkutoo Di Dwuma (Mfa Elevators Da); Di Glow-in-the-Dark Floor Strips akyi"]
Corridor --> Stairs
Stairs --> Muster["Fa Cabin/Card kɔ mu wɔ Assigned Muster Station na Twɛn Owura no Verbal Orders"]
Muster --> Order{"So Captain Hyɛe sɛ Wonnyaw Hyɛn?"}
Order -->|"Dabi (Asɛm a Esii a Ɛwɔ Mu) ."| Standby["Tena Muster Station Kosi sɛ Official Stand-Down Broadcast"]
Order -->|"Yiw (Werbal Abandon Ship Order) ."| Board["Fa Lifejacket Hyɛ no Yiye na Board Assigned Lifeboat anaa Marine Evacuation Chute Dry"]
Tebea 1: Ogya a ɛwɔ po mu, wusiw, ne anyinam ahoɔden a ano yɛ den koraa¶
Ogya ne asiane biako pɛ a ɛwɔ po so hyɛn biara mu a ɛsen biara. Wɔakyekyɛ nnɛyi po so ahyɛn a wɔde tu kwan no mu tẽẽ ne fam ayɛ no mmeae atitiriw a ogya tɔ a dade a wɔde siw ano a ɛyɛ den (A-60 adesuakuw ogya hye) ne ogya apon a emu yɛ duru a anyinam ahoɔden wom a ɛma wusiw anaa ɔhyew a ɛba na ɛto mu ankasa na ɛtetew mu.
Guan a woguan fi stateroom kwan a wusiw ahyɛ mu ma so¶
Kapet a wɔde nneɛma ayɛ, ɔfasu ho ntama, mattress, ne anyinam ahoɔden nhama a wɔde siw nneɛma ano wɔ po so ahyɛn mu no ma wusiw a ɛyɛ den, tuntum, a awuduru wom kɛse a carbon monoxide ne hydrogen cyanide wom pii bere a wɔhyew no.
- Sɔ wo stateroom pon no hwɛ ansa na woabue: Fa wo nsa akyi to dade pon no atifi ne nsa no so. Sɛ dade no yɛ hyew, anaasɛ wusiw tuntum a ɛyɛ den rehyɛ ne kwan atwa ɔpon no nsɔano no ho ahyia a, mmue ɔpon no nkɔ ɔkwan no so.
- Fa balcony partition no di dwuma sɛ akɔhyɛ abɔnten cabin mu: Ɛkame ayɛ sɛ nnɛyi balcony staterooms nyinaa wɔ hinged anaa sliding privacy dividers ntam balconies a ɛbɛn hɔ a adwumayɛfo betumi abue denam square spanner key anaasɛ kicked/forced bue wɔ ogya a ɛde nkwa to asiane mu kɛse mu. Foro kɔ wo abrannaa so, bɔ adan nketewa a ɛbemmɛn hɔ no kɔkɔ, na fa abɔnten abrannaa no so kɔ baabi a ɛkɔ soro fi wusiw a ɛretu no ho kosi sɛ wubetumi asan akɔhyɛn hyɛn no mu wɔ beae a ogya nsɛee no.
- Crawl below the thermal layer follow the floor strips: Sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wofa mfinimfini kwan a wusiw ahyɛ mu ma mu a, fa wo nsa ne wo nkotodwe so wɔ baabi a mframa a ɛyɛ nwini na wotumi home da so ara wɔ sɛntimita 30 kosi 60 (anammɔn 1 kosi 2) fi deck no so. Di photoluminescent strip a ɛhyerɛn anaa LED strip a ɛyɛ ahabammono/kɔkɔɔ a wɔde ahyɛ baseboard no ho no akyi. Wɔ IMO mmara ase no, saa fam nhama yi bi ne agyan a ɛkyerɛ kwan anaasɛ abon a wɔde nsa ka a ɛkyerɛ ɔkwan tiawa a ɛkɔ antweri a wɔabɔ ho ban a ogya atɔ so.
- Hwɛ yiye wɔ apon a nsu ntumi nkɔ mu ne ogya a wɔto mu ho: Apon a emu yɛ duru a ɛtwetwe nsu ntumi nkɔ mu wɔ adwumayɛfo a ɛwɔ fam ne akwantufo a ɛwɔ fam no mu no to mu wɔ nsu nhyɛso kɛse a klaxon dɔn a ano yɛ den ne strobe a ɛrehyerɛn ka ho no ase. Mmɔ mmɔden da sɛ wode ade bi bɛhyɛ ɔpon a nsu ntumi nkɔ mu mu anaasɛ wobɛpiapia bi bere a ɛreto mu no; sɛ ogya pon bi a ɛwɔ soro ɔkwan bi mu ato mu wɔ wo kwan no so a, pia standard panic bar anaa twetwe nsa no ma ɛnantew mu na ma no nto mu ntɛm ara wɔ w’akyi.
Nkwa a wonya fi engine dan mu anyinam ahoɔden mu ("hyɛn a awu" tebea) .¶
Sɛ engine dan mu ogya tɔ, anyinam ahoɔden switchboard arc-flash, anaasɛ pɛtro a wɔde gu mu ma tow hyɛn a wɔde tu kwan mu diesel generators atitiriw no mu a, hyɛn no hyɛn "hyɛn a awu" tebea mu.
- Emergency generator cut-in: Wɔ sikɔne 45 mu bere a anyinam ahoɔden titiriw bi asɛe no, SOLAS mmara hwehwɛ sɛ generators a ɛyɛ ntɛm a ɛyɛ ne ho a ɛwɔ soro deck no fi ase ankasa, na ɛsan de anyinam ahoɔden kɔ ntɛmpɛ kwan so kanea, bridge navigation, steering gear, ogya pɔmpɛ, ne baguam kasa akasam mu.
- Propulsion a ɛyera ne beam-sea rolling: Sɛ propulsion pods anaasɛ active fin stabilizers ntumi nyɛ adwuma a, po so hyɛn tenten a ɛpo mu nsuo a ɛrehuru kɛse no bɛkɔ nkyɛnkyɛn wɔ awosu mu akɔ asorɔkye no mu (beam-on to the sea) na ahyɛ aseɛ abɔ kɛseɛ afiri ɔfa akɔ ɔfa wɔ anim a ɛyɛ digrii 10 kɔsi 25. Tena fam, fa w’akyi hyɛ ɔdan a wɔde si dan mu, na to ahwehwɛ nkotoku, nneɛma, ne dan mu nneɛma a ɛho ayɛ hare mu ntɛm ara.
- Ahotew ne mframa a wɔde fa mu a wɔatoto: Sɛ ahɔhodan titiriw no mu anyinam ahoɔden di dwuma a, fa vacuum tiafi (
Envirovacnhyehyɛe ahorow), mframa a wɔde yɛ nwini, ne galley fononoo gyae adwumayɛ. Sɛ hyɛn bi kɔ so di dɛm nnɔnhwerew anaa nna pii twɛn po so ahyɛmma a wɔtwe nneɛma a:- Mma nsu nhohoro tiafi a wɔde vacuum gu mu bere a vacuum nhyɛso no so atew pɛnkoro no; adwumayɛfo no bɛkyekyɛ nwura nkotoku a wɔde kɔla ahyɛ mu ma a wɔde biohazard nwura gu mu ama nnipa nwura.
- Bue abrannaa apon (sɛ wim tebea ma kwan na wusiw biara nni hyɛn no akyi a) na ama mframa a ɛwɔ hyɛn no mu no akɔ soro wɔ abɔde mu, efisɛ dan a ɛwɔ mu a mfɛnsere nni mu no betumi aboro digrii Celsius 35 (digrii Fahrenheit 95) wɔ nnɔnhwerew kakraa bi mu wɔ mmeae a osu tɔ na owia bɔ kɛse.
- Fa nsu a wɔde ahyɛ toa mu ma ntɛm kosi sɛ adwumayɛfo no de nsu kyekyɛ nhama besi hɔ wɔ akwan a wɔabue so no so.
Tebea 2: Nneɛma a ɛbɔ, asase a ɛkɔ fam, ne hyɛn no mu hyɛn no a wɔahyehyɛ no denneennen¶
Sɛ hyɛn a akwantufo kɔbɔ nsu ase ɔbotan bi, ɛne hyɛn foforo bɔ, anaasɛ stabilizer fin tetetew a, nsu a ɛkɔ adan a asɛe mu no betumi ama hyɛn no akɔ soro (kyerɛw) akɔ hyɛn gyinabea anaa nifa so.
Digrii 15 kosi 20 a wɔahyehyɛ a wɔde bɛtow ahyɛmma a wɔde gye nkwa
Standard SOLAS gravity davit lifeboats wɔ adansedie sɛ wɔde bɛto dwoodwoo wɔ hull list angles a ɛkɔ 20 degrees wɔ ɔfa a ɛba fam ne soro (ne ɛkɔ 10 degrees wɔ anim anaa akyi trim). Sɛ hyɛn bi kyerɛw nea ɛboro digrii 20 kosi 25 pɛ a, ahyɛmma a wɔde gye nkwa a ɛwɔ ɔfã a ɛkorɔn no taa twitwiw na wɔde sɛn dade a ɛwɔ soro no mprɛte a ɛyɛ mmerɛw no so, bere a ahyɛmma a wɔde gye nkwa a ɛwɔ ɔfã a ɛba fam no wosow kɔ akyirikyiri dodo fi keteke kwan a wɔde hyɛn no mu ma akwantufo no sɛ wɔbɛforo dwoodwoo. Sɛ hyɛn bi nya list a ɛkɔ so ntɛmntɛm na ɛkɔ so bere a ɛbɔ akyi a, kɔ baabi a ɛbue a wɔde hyɛn no hyɛn mu no ntɛm ara sen sɛ wobɛtra dan bi a ɛwɔ mu mu.
Sɛ́ wobɛkɔ hyɛn a ɛdannan no mu dwoodwoo¶
- Hyɛ mpaboa a wɔde rɔba ayɛ ntɛm ara: Marble atrium fam a wɔayɛ no fɛfɛɛfɛ, ɔtare no so a ɛyɛ nsu, ne antweri a wɔde kapet ayɛ no bɛyɛ ski mmeae a wontumi mfa so bere a hyɛn bi kyerɛw nea ɛboro digrii 12 no. Mfa mpaboa da hɔ, nhyɛ sɔks, anaa wo mpaboa atenten da bere a biribi a egye ntɛmpɛ asi no.
- Hwɛ yiye wɔ dan mu nneɛma a ɛtu ne agodie mfiri ho: Wɔ ɔmanfo atenae, kyakyatow adan, adidibea, ne sotɔɔ ahorow mu no, piano, adidibea pon, nsãdan mu nkongua, ne mfiri a wɔde bɔ nnwom a ɛpaapae fi deck mounts ho no de ahoɔden a edi awu a ɛbɔ dan no mu bere a wɔreyɛ roll anaa list a emu yɛ duru no. Tra akwan teateaa anaa antweri a wɔahyɛ no den mu sen sɛ wobɛtra abrannaa a ɛtrɛw mu.
- Fa wo nsa soa wo nkwagye atade kosi sɛ wubedu Muster Station: Sɛ woforo antweri a ɛso yɛ toro a nnipa ahyɛ mu ma bere a wohyɛ foam atade a ɛyɛ den a ɛyɛ den a ɛmma wuntumi nhu fam (ɛmma wunhu anammɔn a ɛwɔ wo nan ase) na ɛma nkurɔfo kyere nsateaa ne apon ano nnua. Fa nkwagye atade no kura wo nsa biako mu denneennen bere a wode foforo no kura nsateaa no mu no, na hyɛ bere a woadu muster deck no so ara pɛ (anaasɛ sɛ nsu rehyɛn wo deck no mu ntɛm ara a).
Sɛnea wɔforo hyɛn a wɔde gye nkwa: Ahyɛmma a wɔde gye nkwa vs. Marine Evacuation Systems (MES) .¶
Sɛ Captain no de n’ano ahyɛde ma sɛ wonnyaw hyɛn no a, adwumayɛfo no bɛkyerɛ wo kwan akɔ adwinni nhyehyɛe atitiriw abien a wɔde gye nkwa no biako so:
- Totally Enclosed Motor-Propelled Survival Craft (Lifeboats): Nnɛyi po so hyɛn a wɔde gye nkwa no tumi fa akwantufo 150 kosi 370, ɛwɔ diesel engine a ɛwɔ mu, ɛde nsu a wɔde ma nkwa (lita 3 ma onipa biara) ne aduan a ahoɔdennuru pii wom, na sɛ ɛtumi siesie wɔn ho bere a wɔde obiara abɔ ne seatbelts a ɛwɔ nsɛntitiriw anan no. Fa anammɔn twa aboboano no tẽẽ bere a adwumayɛfo no kura w’abasa, kɔ nkongua a ɛda mpan a ɛwɔ akyirikyiri sen biara no so nyinaa na ama hyɛmma no akari pɛ, tena ase ntɛm ara, na bɔ wo ahobammɔ abɔso ansa na davit winch no asi hyɛmma no ase.
- Po so Evacuation System (MES) ne Inflatable Liferafts: Sɛ wo muster station no de inflatable liferafts di dwuma (anaasɛ sɛ hull list a ɛboro so siw davit lifeboats a ɛwɔ ɔfã biako kwan sɛ ɛbɛtow), crew de vertical canvas escape chute anaasɛ inflatable twin-track slide a ɛkɔ fam tẽẽ wɔ floating boarding platform a nnipa 50-to-150 a wɔakata so atwa ho ahyia no so afiri a wɔde gye nkwa. Yi ahwehwɛ, agude a ano yɛ nnam, ne mpaboa a ɛwɔ asen a ɛkorɔn ansa na woakɔ chute no mu sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a worento rɔba nhama a wɔde mframa gu mu no mu.
Tebea 3: Man Overboard (MOB) mmuae ne po a ɛda hɔ mu nkwagye¶
Sɛ obi fi po so hyɛn a ɛretu anaa hyɛmma a ɛretu mu bɛhwe ase akɔ po a ɛda hɔ mu a, ɛyɛ ntɛmpɛ a egye bere kɛse wɔ po so hwehwɛ ne ogye mu no mu biako. Hyɛn a ɛde tu kwan a ɛde mmirika twa nhama 20 (kilomita 37 dɔnhwerew biara / akwansin 23 dɔnhwerew biara) twa bɛboro mita 300 (anammɔn 1,000) wɔ sikɔne 30 biara mu na egye bɛyɛ kilomita 1 kosi 2 (akwansin 0.6 kosi 1.2) na ama watumi ayɛ Williamson Turn anaa Scharnow Turn na asan aba baabi a wobɛhyɛn no.
flowchart TD
Fall["Obi Fi Hyɛn no Abansoro anaa Abansoro So Twe Po no So"] --> Witness{"So Wone Ɔdansefo a Ɔte Deck So Anaa Onipa a Ɔte Nsu no Mu?"}
Witness -->|"Ɔdansefo wɔ Deck so"| Shout["1. Teɛm MAN OVERBOARD na Fa Basa a Wɔatrɛw Mu Kyerɛw no Kɔ so"]
Shout --> Ring["2. Tow Lifebuoy Ring a Ɛbɛn + Wusiw/Hann Agyiraehyɛde (Aim Downwind, Not at Head) ."]
Ring --> Phone["3. Ma Onipa a Ɔto so abien Mfrɛ Hyɛn Emergency Phone na Hyɛ Bere Pɛpɛɛpɛ + Deck/Side nsow"]
Phone --> KeepEyes["4. Nhwɛ Akyi Da Kosi sɛ Bridge Spotters Si Visual Lock so dua wɔ Swimmer so"]
Witness -->|"Onipa a Ɔhwe ase / Wɔ Nsu Mu"| Entry["1. Twe Abasa So Wɔ Koko So, Pink Hwene, Toto Ankles Bom Ansa na Woabɔ Nsu"]
Entry --> Clear["2. Aguare denneennen Kɔ Hull Ntɛm ara na Kwati Suction Into Rear Azipod Propellers"]
Clear --> Float["3. Asuguare kɔ Lifebuoy/Smoke Marker so; Fa Ntade Inflation Di Dwuma sɛ Wunni Lifejacket a"]
Float --> Heat["4. Fa HELP Position (Knees to Chest) na Splash Bere a Rescue Boat anaa Helicopter Bɛn Nkutoo"]
Sɛ wuhu sɛ obi hwe ase a, nea ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ¶
- Fa w’ani to asuguarefo no so na fa wo nsa kyerɛ no bere nyinaa: Wɔ po mu nsu a ɛyɛ mita 1.5 (anammɔn 5) pɛ mu no, onipa ti yera wɔ asorɔkye akyi wɔ sikɔne kakraa bi mu. Nguan mfi keteke kwan no so nkɔhwehwɛ adwumayɛfo bi. Gyina keteke kwan no ho, teɛ wo nsa mu tẽẽ kyerɛ asuguarefo no, na teɛm "Man Overboard on the port/starboard side" wɔ w'ahurututu atifi kosi sɛ akwantufo afoforo ne adwumayɛfo bɛka wo ho.
- Tow SOLAS lifebuoy ring ne marker: Mita dumien kakraa biara wɔ promenade rails a wɔabue so no, po so ahyɛn de lifebuoys a ɛyɛ kurukuruwa a ɛyɛ borɔdɔma a emu duru yɛ kilogram 2.5 kosi 4 (5.5 kosi 8.8 pounds), a mpɛn pii no wɔde bata battery strobe kanea a ɛhyew ne ho ne simma 15 dense orange wusiw toa (MOB marker) ho. Twe lifebuoy no fi ne bracket no mu na tow gu keteke kwan no so sɛ mpo asuguarefo no wɔ akyi mita 100 dedaw. Ɛma asuguarefo no nya baabi a obeguare akɔ hɔ na ɛhyɛ ɔkwan a nsu a ɛwɔ soro no fa so no agyirae ma abɔnten so adwumayɛfo ne helikopta ahorow a wɔde gye nkurɔfo nkwa no.
- Mtow nneɛma a emu yɛ duru ngu nsu no mu da: Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, wɔn a wɔwɔ adwempa tow nnua a wɔde tena so anaa apon gu po so na ama asuguarefo no atumi asensɛn nsu mu. Nnua ne dade a ɛhwe ase fi mita 20 kɔ soro no betumi abɔ asuguarefo no na akum no, na nneɛma a ɛsensɛn nsu so apete wɔ wake no so, na ama radar ne thermal infrared mfoninitwa mfiri ahorow adwene atu afra.
- Bɔ bere nsɔano pɔtee ne cabin/deck landmark amanneɛ kyerɛ Bridge: Ma obi a ɔto so abien a ɔhwɛ hɔ no mfa white house telefon a ɛbɛn no na ɔmfrɛ hyɛn no nɔma a egye ntɛmpɛ. Ka simma pɔtee a onipa no kɔɔ so, sɛ ebia wofii hyɛn gyinabea hɔ hwee ase (benkum so) anaasɛ benkum fam (nifa so), ne ntade a wɔde kɔla ayɛ a wɔhyɛe kyerɛ Bridge no. Nnɛyi po so ahyɛn a wɔde tu kwan no de mfoninitwa mfiri a ɛma ɔhyew a nnipa wɔ po so yɛ adwuma ne CCTV a wɔsan bɔ a wɔde bere ahyɛ so di dwuma de kyerɛ GPS nhyehyɛe pɔtee a ɛkyerɛ sɛnea ahwease no te wɔ sikɔne kakraa bi mu.
Sɛnea wobɛtra ase sɛ wotɔ po mu a¶
- Bɔ wo mframa kwan ne w’akyi berɛmo ho ban bere a worebɔ wo ho ban: Sɛ worehwe ase afi deck so a, mia wo hwene so kɔ wo moma so, twa wo nsateaa no mu denneennen wɔ wo moma so (sɛ wohyɛ bi a, kura wo nkwagye atade no mu), fa wo nsa biako twitwiw wo hwene, na twa wo nansoaa no bom denneennen sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wobɛkɔ nsu no mu nan-di kan te sɛ pɛnsere.
- Guare fi hyɛn no anim ntɛm ara: Hyɛn a ɛretu no tu nsu tɔn ɔpehaha pii fi baabi foforo. Bere a hyɛn mfinimfini fã no twa wo ho no, hydrodynamic Bernoulli suction twe nsu a ɛwɔ soro no san kɔ mu kɔ akyi baabi a afiri akɛse a twitwiw nneɛma anaa Azipod thrusters te counter no ase no. Bere a wupue hyɛn no anim pɛɛ no, guare denneennen wɔ digrii 90 mu kɔ akyirikyiri fi hyɛn no nkyɛn tẽẽ kosi sɛ hyɛn no akyi bɛtwam afi wo ho koraa.
- Gye nkwa wɔ simma 3 a edi kan wɔ Cold Shock Response mu: Sɛ nsu no hyew nnu digrii Celsius 15 (digrii Fahrenheit 59) a, nsu a wɔde hyɛ mu no kanyan ahomegye a ɛnyɛ nea wopɛ a ɛno akyi no mframa a ɛboro so ne mogya mmoroso a ɛkɔ soro mpofirim. Wɔ sikɔne 60 kosi 90 a edi kan no mu no, fa w’adwene si w’ano a wobɛma akɔ soro wɔ asorɔkye no atifi na ama wo home ayɛ komm ansa na woabɔ mmɔden sɛ wubeguare akɔ baabiara no so koraa.
- Hwehwɛ lifebuoy no anaa ma wo ntade mu mframa: Hwɛ w’akyi wɔ hyɛn no kwan fitaa a ɛyɛ foamy wake trail no so na woahu lifebuoy ring a ɛyɛ borɔdɔma a ɛsensɛn nsuo mu, strobe kanea, anaa wusiw a ɛyɛ borɔdɔma adum, na guare kɔ hɔ pintinn. Sɛ wɔantow flotation biara na wunni lifejacket biara a, kɔ so hyɛ wo mpaboa ne wo ntade (layers kyere nsu a ɛyɛ hyew wɔ wo honam ani nkyɛn); fa jacket a nsa tenten abɔ mu anaasɛ kyekyere nhama wɔ trako bi nsateaa mu na popa fa wo ti so ma mframa nkɔ mu sɛ akisikuru a wɔayɛ no yiye.
- Kora ɔhyew ne ahoɔden so: Mmɔ mmɔden sɛ wobɛguare wɔ hyɛn a ɛrefi hɔ no akyi. Hyɛn a ɛretu nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn 20 bɛyera akɔ wim bere a ɛredan ne ho no, na asuguare a ɛyɛ hu de mogya a ɛyɛ hyew kɔ wo nsa ne wo nan mu, na ɛma core hypothermia no yɛ ntɛmntɛm bɛyɛ ɔha biara mu nkyem 50. Curl into the Heat Escape Lessening Posture (HELP) denam wo nkotodwe a wobɛtwe akɔ wo moma so na woatwa wo nsa atwa wo mpampam so. Wosow nsu na fa petepete nsu mu kɔ soro wɔ wim nkutoo (aduru fitaa a wɔde petepete so no da adi kɛse fi wim sen basa a ɛyɛ sum a ɛwosow) bere a wuhu hyɛn no hyɛn a ɛde gye nkurɔfo nkwa a ɛkɔ ntɛmntɛm anaa Mpoano Awɛmfo helikopta a ɛrehwehwɛ denneennen wɔ baabi a ɛbɛn wo nkutoo.
Tebea 4: Aduruyɛ a egye ntɛmpɛ a ɛba hyɛn mu, helikopta medevac, ne ɔyare mmoawa a wɔayi afi nnipa mu¶
Hyɛn kɛse biara a wɔde tu kwan no yɛ aduruyɛbea bi a ɛwɔ hyɛn no mu a nnuruyɛfo biako kosi baasa a wɔwɔ tumi krataa a wɔde hwɛ ntɛmpɛ ne ayarehwɛfo baasa kosi baanum a wɔakyerɛw wɔn din na wɔyɛ adwuma nnɔnhwerew 24 da biara, a wɔde komayare ho mfiri, mfiri a ɛma mframa bɔ kɛse, mfiri a wɔde ma mframa, dijitaal X-ray mfiri, ne mogya ho nhwehwɛmubea atitiriw a ɛwɔ baabi a wɔhwɛ no ahyɛ mu ma. Nanso, hyɛn mu ayaresabea yɛ ayaresabea a wɔhwɛ ma nneɛma gyina ntɛm ara, na ɛnyɛ ayaresabea a wɔyɛ oprehyɛn. Enni oprehyɛn dan a wɔde yɛ oprehyɛn akɛse, koma mu catheterization lab a wɔde stent gu mu, CT scanner a wɔde hwɛ sɛ obi anya akisikuru, anaasɛ mogya akorae a ɛbɛma mogya atɔ kɛse (ɛwom sɛ po so ahyɛn betumi afi ase ayɛ "nantew mogyakorabea" a wɔde ma ho nhwehwɛmu a egye ntɛmpɛ wɔ akwantufo ne adwumayɛfo a ɛne wo mogya su hyia wɔ ahodwiriw a emu yɛ den mu no mu de).
Bere ne sɛnea po so aduruyɛ mu afotu (Medevac) ba¶
Sɛ wo anaa wo hokafo bi nya komayare, akisikuru, aorta a wɔatwitwa, appendicitis, anaa sepsis a emu yɛ den ho sɛnkyerɛnne wɔ po so a, frɛ hyɛn no aduruyɛ nɔma a egye ntɛmpɛ fi telefon biara a ɛwɔ hyɛn no mu no so ntɛm ara. Simma biara a wɔyera bere a wɔretwɛn sɛ wobehu sɛ ebia koko mu yaw anaa kasa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a wobesiesie no betumi apia hyɛn no akɔ akyirikyiri wɔ baabi a mpoano helikopta ahorow a wɔde gye nkurɔfo nkwa no yɛ adwuma no.
flowchart TD
Onset["Aduruyɛ mu Ɔhaw a Ɛyɛ Den wɔ Po so (Koma mu Ɛyaw, Akisikuru, Ahodwiriw, Sepsis) ."] --> Dial["Frɛ Hyɛn Aduruyɛ Ntɛmntɛm Nɔma Ntɛm ara (24/7 Onboard Physician)"]
Dial --> Stabilize["Ayaresabea a Ɛwɔ Hyɛn Mu no Ma Ɔyarefo no Gyina (IV, ECG, Thrombolytics, Intubation) ."]
Stabilize --> Consult["Hyɛn mu Oduruyɛfo + Captain Consult Telemedical Po so Mmoa Dwumadibea (TMAS / Mpoano Awɛmfo Wimhyɛn Oprehyɛn)"]
Consult --> Range{"Po so Ahyɛn no Kwan Kwan Fi Trauma Shore a Ɛbɛn Nea Etumi Tumi So?"}
Range -->|"Wɔ Po so Akwansin 20 kosi 50 (kilomita 37 kosi 92) mu ."| Boat["Hyɛn Dan Kɔ Hyɛn Gyinabea Ma Mpoano Awɛmfo Nkwagye Hyɛn a Ɛde Ahoɔhare Kɛse anaasɛ Pilot Boat Transfer"]
Range -->|"Po so Akwansin 50 kosi 250 (kilomita 92 kosi 463) ."| Helo["Captain Steers Kɔ Mframa Mu; Mpoano Awɛmfo Helikopta Yɛ Winch Hoist Fi Upper Deck"]
Range -->|"Po so Akwansin Bɛboro 300 (Mfinimfini Po so Twa) ."| Divert["Hyɛn no Ma Ahoɔhare Kɔ Helikopta Beae Anaasɛ Ɛdan Kɔ Supɔw so Wimhyɛn Gyinabea a Ɛbɛn No Ma Fixed-Wing Air Ambulance"]
- Telemedical Maritime Assistance Service (TMAS) consultation: Sɛ hyɛn no oduruyɛfo ma ɔyarefo no gyina pintinn wie a, Captain ne oduruyɛfo no ne ɔman no mpoano awɛmfo wimhyɛn mu oprehyɛn ho animdefo (te sɛ U.S. Mpoano Awɛmfo, UK HM Mpoano Awɛmfo, anaa amanaman ntam TMAS mmeae ahorow) hyehyɛ satellite nkitahodi de hwɛ sɛ ebia ɔyarefo no hia sɛ wɔma ɔyarefo no kɔ po mfinimfini helikopta so ntɛm ara anaasɛ ɔdan no ntɛm ara kɔ hyɛn gyinabea a ɛbɛn no.
- Ɔyarefoɔ no nkrataa a wɔbɛsiesie ansa na wɔde helikopta akɔ soro: Sɛ asraafoɔ anaa mpoano awɛmfoɔ gye helikopta yɛ winch yi fiɛ hyɛn no anim anaa owia no atifi a, wɔbara emu duru ne wimhyɛn no mu baabi a ɛwɔ wimhyɛn no mu kɛseɛ. Wɔ helikopta medevac pii mu no, wɔmma ɔhokafo anaa ɔwofo mpo kwan sɛ ɔbɛtra helikopta a wɔde gye nkwa no mu sɛ wimhyɛn no bɛn pɛtro a ɛsen biara anaasɛ ɛde asuguarefo baanu a wogye nkurɔfo ne wimhyɛn mu oduruyɛfo bi kɔ a. Ansa na stretcher no befi hyɛn no aduruyɛbea no, hwɛ hu sɛ wode kotoku a nsu ntumi nkɔ mu a ɛwɔ zip-top abɔ ɔyarefo no moma so anaasɛ stretcher a ɛwɔ:
- Ɔyarefo no honam fam akwantu tumi krataa (mma wɔmfa ɔyarefo bi nkɔ amannɔne ayaresabea da a wonni wɔn akwantu tumi krataa).
- Hyɛn mu oduruyɛfo no clinical transfer summary, ECG strips, ne nnuru a wɔde ma ho kyerɛwtohɔ a wɔatintim.
- Credit cards, akwantuo aduruyɛ mu evacuation insurance policy nɔma, ne akwantufoɔ a wɔgyaa no wɔ hyɛn no mu ne n’abusuafoɔ a wɔbɛn no wɔ fie no nyinaa mobile phone nɔma.
- Nkitahodi krataa a ɛwɔ cruise line no Port Agent a ɔwɔ kurow a wɔrekɔ a helikopta no resi fam no mu, a ɔbɛboa abusua no bere a wosi fam wɔ hyɛn gyinabea a edi hɔ no ma wɔasan akɔka ɔyarefo no ho.
Hwɛ sɛ w’akwantu ho insurance no tua po so tu a wobɛtu ne po so hyɛn a wobɛdan akɔ baabi foforo no ho ka
Mpɛn pii no, ɔman no mu akwahosan ho insurance nhyehyɛe ahorow (a U.S. Medicare ne ɔman akwahosan nhyehyɛe pii ka ho) mma wontua sika biara bere a hyɛn bi akɔ amanaman ntam nsu anaa amannɔne hyɛn gyinabea ahorow no. Po so hyɛn mu ayarehwɛ a emu yɛ den ho ka betumi adu U.S. dɔla 5,000 kosi 15,000 ntɛmntɛm ansa na woafi hyɛn no mu mpo, na ankorankoro wimhyɛn a wɔde fa ayarefo a ɛwɔ ntaban a enhinhim a efi nsupɔw so hyɛn gyinabea ahorow san kɔ wo fie ayaresabea no taa gye U.S. dɔla 25,000 kosi 100,000. Bere a wɔyɛ ɔman asraafo mpoano awɛmfo helikopta a wɔma so (te sɛ U.S. Mpoano Awɛmfo anaa UK HM Mpoano Awɛmfo) sɛ ɔmanfo mmoa adwuma a wontua ɔyarefo no ka no, wotua ankorankoro fam ambulance ahorow a edi hɔ, amannɔne ayaresabea ICU ahorow, ne wimhyɛn a wɔde san kɔ wɔn man mu no ho ka nyinaa ma wo gye sɛ wowɔ akwantu ayaresa ne aduruyɛ mu akwantufo nhyehyɛe a "Cruise / Marine Evacuation" endorsement wom.
Nkwa a wonya fi hyɛn mu yafunu mu yafunu (Norovirus) anaa ɔhome mu ɔyare a ɛpae gui mu¶
Akwantufo ntini a wɔato mu fã bi no yɛ mmerɛw sɛ wɔde yafunu mu yare a emu yɛ den (a ɛtaa ba norovirus) ne ɔhome mu mmoawa bɛkɔ nnipa mu ntɛmntɛm.
- Nea enti a nsa a wɔde tew nsa nkutoo ntumi nsiw norovirus kwan: Norovirus yɛ mmoawa a wɔmfa nkata so a protein capsid a ɛyɛ den wom a ɛko tia nsa gel a wɔde nsa ayɛ a wɔtaa de di dwuma. Bere biara a wobɛsan akɔ wo dan mu anaasɛ wobɛkɔ adidibea bi no, fa samina ne nsu a ɛyɛ hyew a ɛreworo so hohoro wo nsa denneennen anyɛ yiye koraa no sikani 20, na fa krataa mpopaho bue ɔmanfo aguaree apon bere a worefi adi no.
- Kwati nnuan a wɔkyɛ wɔ buffet bere a ɔyaredɔm a ɛrepae denneennen: Sɛ hyɛn bi hyɛn ahotew ho nhyehyɛe a ɛkorɔn mu (a mpɛn pii no ɛkanyan bere a akwantufo ɔha biara mu nkyem 2 anaa nea ɛboro saa bɔ amanneɛ sɛ wɔwɔ yafunu mu sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow) a, adwumayɛfo no begye nnuan nyinaa a wɔde bɛma wɔ buffet ahorow mu no atom. Di nnuan a ɛyɛ hyew a wɔanoa no foforo na nom nsu a wɔde ahyɛ toa mu a wɔatoto mu.
- Bɔ amanneɛ sɛ wofe a emu yɛ den anaasɛ wo ho nsu atɔ wo ntɛm: Sɛ wuntumi mma nsu no nkɔ fam bɛboro nnɔnhwerew 12, kyerɛ sɛ wo ho ayɛ wo yaw bere a wugyina hɔ, anaasɛ wowɔ asaabo anaa komayare a ɛda adi a, bɔ amanneɛ kɔ hyɛn mu aduruyɛbea hɔ kɔhwehwɛ oral rehydration salts (ORS) anaa nsu a wɔde fa ntini mu ne nnuru a ekum akisikuru. Wɔ amanaman ntam po so ahotew nhyehyɛe ahorow ase (te sɛ U.S. CDC Po so Ahotew Dwumadi) no, wɔtaa de akwantufo a wɔahu sɛ wɔwɔ yafunu mu yare a emu yɛ den a ɛde ɔyare no kɔ nipadua mu no gu baabi a wɔatew wɔn ho wɔ dan mu bere tiaa bi kosi nnɔnhwerew 24 kosi 48 wɔ wɔn ɔfe anaa atiridiinini a etwa to akyi de abɔ hyɛn no mufo a aka no ho ban.
Tebea 5: Mmeae a asiane kɛse wom a wɔde fa nnipa, adwowtwafo ahunahuna, ne basabasayɛ nsɛmmɔnedi a ɛkɔ so wɔ hyɛn no mu¶
Bere a ɛntaa nsi wɔ Caribbean, Mediterranea, anaa Alaska akwantu ahorow a wɔahyɛ da ayɛ mu no, ɛtɔ mmere bi a po so ahyɛn a wɔsan de si hɔ ne wiase akwantu ahorow fa nsu a po so ahobammɔ ho asiane kɛse wom mu (te sɛ Bab-el-Mandeb Asubɔnten, Aden Po no, anaa Guinea Po no), na nsɛmmɔnedi a anibere betumi asi wɔ po so ahyɛn a ɛyɛ adwuma wɔ amanaman ntam nsu a ɛnyɛ mpɔtam hɔ polisifo tumidi ase no mu.
Pirate ahunahuna anaa abɔnten po so ntua ho nhyehyɛe ahorow¶
Sɛ Captain no de po so ahobammɔ kɔkɔbɔ anaa abɔnten so ahunahuna a ɛreba a efi po so ahyɛn nketewa a ɛde ahoɔhare tu mmirika kɛse mu ba a:
- Fi abɔnten decks ne balconies so kɔ mfinimfini akwan so ntɛm ara: Akode nketewa a wɔde tow ne atopae a wɔde rɔke tu no de wɔn ani si navigation bridge ne abɔnten hyɛn no mfɛnsere so. Mma wunnyina abrannaa so anaasɛ nhwɛ ɔpon bi mu nhwɛ nsukorade a ɛreba no ho mfonini da.
- Tena fam wɔ mfinimfini kwan bi a ɛda stateroom afasu ntam: Sɛ wode dade dan no mu ntama abien si wo ho ne abɔnten hyɛn no ntam a, ɛma wunya ahobammɔ kɛse wɔ ballistic ho fi akode nketewa ogya ho.
- Hwɛ nteɛso a emu yɛ den a wɔde ma anyinam ahoɔden anadwo so: Sɛ worefa nsu a asiane kɛse wom mu anadwo a, Captain no betumi ahyɛ sɛ wɔmfa abɔnten so anyinam ahoɔden ntwa hyɛn no nyinaa mu. Ma stateroom ntama a wɔatwe no nto mu koraa, dum abrannaa so akanea, na fa kanea a wɔde tow anaa mfoninitwa afiri a ɛhyerɛn nni dwuma da wɔ abɔnten so.
Basabasayɛ mu nsɛmmɔnedi, nna mu ɔbrasɛe, anaa ɔkwantufo bi a wayera wɔ po so ho amanneɛbɔ¶
Hyɛn a ɛfa akwantuo ho wɔ amanaman ntam nsuo mu no yɛ adwuma wɔ ne Flag State (a ɛtaa yɛ Bahamas, Panama, Malta, Bermuda, anaa Italy) mmara kwan so tumidi ase titire, ka tumi a ɛka bom a ɛka bom wɔ tumi a ɛboro asase so a ɛwɔ nea wɔayɛ no bɔne anaa nea ɔyɛɛ bɔne no kurom (sɛ nhwɛsoɔ no, U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation wɔ mmara kwan so tumidi wɔ Cruise Vessel Security and Safety Act of 2010 wɔ nsɛmmɔnedi a anibere wom a ɛfa U.S. man mma a wɔwɔ po so ahyɛn a wɔreforo anaa wɔresi fam wɔ United States ho).
- Mfa wo ho nto hyɛn mu adwumakuw ahobammɔ nkutoo so mma nsɛmmɔnedi ho nhwehwɛmu: Sɛ wɔato wo anaa w’abusua muni bi ayayade ato wo honam fam, wɔato wo mmonnaa, anaasɛ wosusuw sɛ ɔnom nnubɔne, anaasɛ sɛ wo hokafo bi yera wɔ hyɛn no mu a, hwehwɛ sɛ Captain no nam satellite so mmɔ asɛm no ho amanneɛ ntɛm ara nkyerɛ mpoano Mpoano Awɛmfo ne ɔman no mmarahyɛ bagua a ɛbɛn wo (te sɛ FBI, UK National Crime Agency, anaa Royal Canadian Mounted Police) ne polisifo a wɔwɔ hyɛn gyinabea a edi hɔ koraa a wɔbɛkɔ hɔ no nso.
- Kora forensic adanse so: Wɔ nna mu ɔbrasɛe a wosusuw sɛ anaa nsa spiking mu no, nguare, nhohoro ntade, anaa mma cabin stewards nsiesie stateroom. Wɔ U.S. Cruise Vessel Security and Safety Act ne amanaman ntam po so aduruyɛ akwankyerɛ ase no, wɔhwehwɛ sɛ po so ahyɛn a wɔde tu kwan no de forensic sexual assault evidence collection kits (rape kits) a wɔatoto mu na wɔwɔ aduruyɛ adwumayɛfo a wɔatete wɔn sɛ wɔmfa forensic adanse ne mogya/nsu mu awuduru ho nhwɛsode ahorow a wɔde nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn a wɔde hwɛ wɔn a wɔantwa mu.
- Di wo man ananmusifoɔ adwuma wɔ hyɛn gyinabea a ɛdi hɔ a wobɛkɔ hɔ no nkitaho: Fa satellite Wi-Fi anaa hyɛn no telefon nhyehyɛeɛ di dwuma fa di nkitaho aban ananmusifo dwumadibea ne aban ananmusifo mmoa wɔ ɔman a edi hɔ a hyɛn no besi hyɛn gyinabea no mu sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a aban ananmusifo panyin ne mpɔtam hɔ polisifo nhwehwɛmufo a wɔde wɔn ho betumi ahyia hyɛn no wɔ gangway no so ansa na adanse ayera anaasɛ hyɛn no afi tumidi mu.
Pre-departure cruise cabin ahobammɔ nhwehwɛmu kratasin¶
Wie ahosiesie anammɔn yi ansa na wo hyɛn no atow ne nhama a ɛde si hɔ no agu:
- Fa nnafua 7 kosi 14 buffer supply a ɛwɔ nnuru a ɛho hia a wɔkyerɛw ma wo nyinaa gu wo bag a wode kɔ mu (nhyɛ nneɛma a wɔahwɛ mu a wɔagyaw wɔ hyɛn gyinabea a wɔde fa nneɛma mu da) sɛ ɛba sɛ wɔayi obi afi nnipa mu anaasɛ akwantu no akyɛ a.
- Ɔtɔɔ akwantuo ayaresa ne po so aduruyɛ ho insurance krataa a wɔatu ho ama a anyɛ yie koraa no, ɛtua U.S. dɔla 100,000 (anaasɛ euro/pound a ɛne no sɛ) wɔ nnipa a wɔbɛtu wɔn afiri hɔ ntɛm ne wɔn a wɔbɛsan akɔ wɔn man mu.
- Fa kanea ketewaa bi a nsu ntumi nkɔ mu anaa kanea a ɛwɔ w’anim gu anadwo pon a ɛwɔ wo mpa nkyɛn no so sɛ anyinam ahoɔden atɔ anadwo a.
- Hwɛ faako a wo Muster Station no wɔ, nantew antweri akwan abien a ɛsono emu biara so kodu hɔ, na wokan ɔdan no mu apon a ɛda wo dan ne antweri no ntam no.
- Hwɛ sɛ mpanyimfo, mmofra, ne nkokoaa nkwagye ntade a ɛwɔ wo dan mu no ne obiara a ɔda dan no mu dodow ne ne nipadua mu duru pɛpɛɛpɛ.
- Fa wo man no aban ananmusifo dwumadibea no nɔma a wɔde di nkitaho ntɛm ara no sie wɔ amannɔne hyɛn gyinabea biara a wobɛkɔ hɔ no wɔ wo fon mu ne krataa kaad a wɔatintim so.
Nsɛm a wɔtaa bisa¶
What does the signal of seven short blasts and one long blast mean on a cruise ship?
Seven or more short blasts followed by one prolonged blast on the ship's whistle and interior alarm bells is the international SOLAS General Emergency Alarm. It does not automatically mean the ship is sinking or that you should jump into a lifeboat; rather, it orders all passengers to stop what they are doing, dress warmly with sturdy closed-toe shoes, gather daily prescription medications and lifejackets if they are in their cabin, and walk calmly via the stairs to their assigned Muster Station to await instructions from the Captain.
If the General Emergency Alarm sounds while I am in the dining room or by the pool, should I go back to my cabin to get my lifejacket?
No, unless you are already right next to your cabin and the corridor is completely clear. Fighting against hundreds of passengers in narrow stairwells to retrieve a lifejacket wastes critical minutes and can trap you behind closing fire or watertight doors. Proceed directly to your assigned Muster Station; under international maritime regulations, every cruise ship stores large reserves of spare adult, child, and infant SOLAS lifejackets, plus thermal protective aids, directly at the muster stations and lifeboat embarkation decks.
Why is it so dangerous to jump from a cruise ship deck while wearing a rigid keyhole lifejacket?
Standard orange SOLAS shipboard lifejackets contain thick blocks of high-buoyancy rigid foam around the neck and chest designed to float an unconscious person face-up in rough seas. If you jump into the water from more than 4.5 meters (15 feet) above the sea surface, the water hits the bottom of the lifejacket like solid concrete while your body keeps moving downward, driving the rigid foam collar violently upward into your chin and snapping your neck or breaking your jaw. You should always board lifeboats or evacuation slides directly from the deck, and only enter the water using ladders or slides as an absolute last resort.
Does the Coast Guard charge passengers tens of thousands of dollars for a helicopter medical rescue from a cruise ship?
National military and government coast guard agencies, such as the United States Coast Guard, the Canadian Coast Guard, and UK HM Coastguard, do not bill passengers for search-and-rescue or emergency helicopter medevac hoists at sea. However, the cruise ship's onboard medical center will bill you thousands of dollars for emergency ICU stabilization on the ship, and once the coast guard helicopter transfers you to a foreign shore ambulance, foreign hospital, or private fixed-wing air ambulance jet to fly you home, those private medical and aviation bills can easily exceed 50,000 to 100,000 US dollars without travel medical evacuation insurance.
What should I do first if I see someone fall overboard from a cruise ship?
Your single most important job is to never take your eyes off the person in the water. Stand at the railing, extend your arm to point continuously at the swimmer, and shout "Man Overboard" as loudly as you can. Throw the nearest orange lifebuoy ring (and its attached smoke/strobe marker) over the rail into the water even if the ship has already passed the swimmer, as it marks the drift current and gives them a target to swim toward. Have a second person immediately use the nearest ship phone to alert the Bridge with the exact time and side of the ship (port or starboard).
Why doesn't alcohol hand sanitizer protect me from catching norovirus on a cruise ship?
Norovirus, the leading cause of stomach flu outbreaks on cruise ships, is a non-enveloped virus encased in a rugged protein shell that alcohol cannot easily penetrate or dissolve. While alcohol sanitizer gels work well against enveloped respiratory viruses like influenza, preventing norovirus requires washing your hands thoroughly with soap and running water for at least 20 seconds so the mechanical friction and surfactants physically rinse the viral particles off your skin.
Sources a wɔhwɛɛ mu¶
- Amanaman Ntam Po so Ahyehyɛde (IMO, Amanaman Nkabom): Amanaman Ntam Apam a Ɛfa Po so Nkwa Ahobammɔ Ho (SOLAS), Ti III: Mfiri ne Nhyehyɛe a Wɔde Gye Nkwa, ne Po so Hyɛn a Wɔboaboa Ano/Gyaw Gyae.
- United States Mpoano Awɛmfo (USCG, United States): Po so Hwehwɛ ne Nkwagye Nkyekyɛm, Helikopta Medevac Hoist Protocols, ne Akwantufo Po so Ahobammɔ Akwankyerɛ.
- Po so ne Mpoano Awɛmfo Dwumadibea (MCA, United Kingdom): Nkwa a wonya wɔ Po mu, Nsuonwini mu Ahodwiriw Ho Nkwammoaa Ho Adesua, ne Akwantufo Ahobammɔ wɔ Po so Nhyɛmma Mu.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, United States): Ahyɛn mu Ahotew Dwumadie (VSP) Dwumadie Nhoma ne Akwankyerɛ a Wɔde Siw Nyarewa a Ɛpae So Ma Po so Ahyɛn a Wɔde Tu Kwan.
- Amerika Nnuruyɛfo Kuw a Ɛhwɛ Nnuruyɛfo a Wɔhwɛ Ntɛmntɛm So (ACEP, United States): Akwahosan Ho Akwankyerɛ a Ɛfa Po so Hyɛn a Wɔde Tu Aduruyɛbea Ho.
- Federal Bureau of Investigation ne U.S. Department of Transportation (FBI / DOT, United States): Cruise Possel Security and Safety Act (CVSSA) Nsɛmmɔnedi ho Amanneɛbɔ ne Asɛnnibea Adanse a Wɔkora So Gyinapɛn.