Nga ohorere o nga kaipuke: nga teihana whakahiato, te ahi i te moana, me te wehe i nga rongoa¶

Ko nga waka tere moana hou me nga waka rererangi o te ao he taone nui e kawe ana i waenga i te 1,000 ki te 9,000 nga kaihihi me nga kaihopu puta noa i nga moana tuwhera, nga huarahi kaipuke whaiti, me nga wai polar tawhiti. I raro i te Huihuinga o te Ao mo te Haumarutanga o te Ora i te Moana (SOLAS), ka hangaia nga waka kaihihi ki nga wehewehenga o te takere wai, nga putunga hiko hiko hiko, nga punaha aukati ahi wai-kohu aunoa, me nga poti whakaora hei tautoko i nga tangata katoa kei runga.

Ahakoa enei whakamarumaru a te miihini nui, ka tere te piki o nga ohorere o te moana na te mea ko te kaipuke kei te moana he waahi mokemoke nga haora, nga ra ranei e matara atu ana i nga tari ahi whenua me nga pokapū raru Taumata 1. Ka paopao te ahi o te rūma miihini i te hiko, ka pakaru te takere o te takere, ka pa he ngaru kino ki te ihu, ka taka ranei te kaihihi ki te moana pouri, ka noho te oranga ki to mohiotanga tonu ki to teihana, nga tohu whakaoho i runga kaipuke, nga tikanga whakahiihi auahi, me nga tikanga helicopter medevac.

Mahia tenei inaianei¶

1. Mohio tonu ki te Whakaoho Ohotata Nui: Ki te rongo koe e whitu, neke atu ranei nga pupuhi poto ka whai i te pupuhi roa i runga i te whiowhio o te kaipuke me nga pere whakaoho o roto, kati i taau mahi ka takatu ki te neke ki to teihana whakaemi (huihui) kua whakaritea.
2. Kaua rawa e hoki mai ki to rūma noho ki runga i te marea, ma te auahi ranei: Ki te tangi te whakaoho ohorere i a koe i runga i te rahoraho whanui, haere tika atu ki to teihana whakaemi; Ko nga kaihopu e pupuri ana i nga koti ora waiariki SOLAS, nga koti ora tamariki, me nga awhina whakamarumaru wera i nga waahi huihuinga.
3. Ki te taka te tangata ki te moana, kaua rawa e matara atu o kanohi: Karanga "Man Overboard" ka totoro tonu to ringa totoro ki te tangata i roto i te wai i te wa e whiua ana e te tangata tuarua te whakakai oranga tata (me tana auahi me te tohu rama) ka waeahia te nama waea ohorere a te kaipuke.
4. Kia noho iti me te whakamahi i nga arai o te arawhata rino i te wa o te ahi, o te raarangi ranei: Kaua rawa e whakamahi i nga ararewa i te wa e whakaohooho ana; Kia mau tetahi ringa ki runga i nga auru tira rino i te wa e tiango ana te rahoraho, ka ngokingoki ki raro ka pupuhi te auahi pango ki te uru te ahi ki roto i te huarahi.
5. Kaua rawa e peke ki te moana ki te kore o waewae e pa ki te wai piki: Ka heke 18 ki te 30 mita (60 ki te 100 putu) mai i te papa whakatere waka ki runga ki te moana i te wa e mau ana i te koti ora maataki ka pa ki te wai neke atu i te 65 kiromita ia haora (40 maero ia haora), ka whati te tuara o te kopu me te kore mohio.
6. A pee i te reo o te Kaiwhakaako i mua i te whakarere i te kaipuke: Kua hangaia nga kaipuke poti o enei ra ki te mahi hei "poti ora pai mo ratou"; kaua rawa e ngana ki te tuku, ki te eke ranei ki te poti, ki te waka ora, kia tukuna ra ano e te Kapene o te kaipuke te whakahau a-waha kia whakarerea te kaipuke.

Te wetewete i nga tohu whakaoho mo te kaipuke me nga waehere haumaru a nga kaimahi¶

Ko nga kaipuke tere haere moana e mahi ana i nga wai o te ao e whai ana i nga tohu oro oro kua whakatauhia e te International Maritime Organization (IMO) i raro i te huihuinga SOLAS, i te taha o nga kupu waehere a-iwi-a-iwi e whakamahia ana e nga kaihopu ki te whakakorikori i nga roopu whakautu tere me te kore e paheke nga kaihihi.

He aha te tango i te Ra 1 Muster Drill tino ora¶

I raro i te ture moana o te ao, ko nga kaihihi katoa e haere ana mo te neke atu i te 24 haora me whakaoti he korero korero i mua i te wehenga atu ranei. Ahakoa i runga i nga kaipuke e whakamahi ana i nga punaha "e-Muster" hou (kei reira ka maataki nga kaihihi i tetahi ataata haumaru i runga i o raatau waea atamai, pouaka pouaka whakaata ranei i mua i te tirotiro-a-tinana ki to raatau teihana huihuinga), me mahi e koe kia toru nga arowhai tinana i to haora tuatahi i runga i te waka:

1. Walk two independent stair routes from your cabin to your Muster Station: Locate the primary stairwell and at least one alternate stairwell in the opposite direction. Count the number of cabin doorways between your stateroom and the stairwell door so you can find the exit by touch in complete darkness or heavy smoke.
2. Inspect the lifejackets inside your stateroom closet or under the bed: Verify that there is one adult lifejacket for every adult occupant, plus specialized child-sized lifejackets (which include a crotch strap) or an infant flotation cot if you are traveling with babies. Check that the water-activated locator light, whistle, and retro-reflective tape are intact.
3. Read the back of your stateroom door: The schematic map mounted on the inside of your cabin door shows which watertight compartment and vertical fire zone you occupy, the direction to your muster station, and the color coding of the ship's low-location photoluminescent (glow-in-the-dark) floor escape strips.

flowchart TD
    Alarm["7 Short Blasts + 1 Long Blast (General Emergency Alarm)"] --> Location{"Where Are You Right Now?"}
    Location -->|"Inside Your Stateroom"| Dress["Put On Long Pants, Long Sleeves, Sturdy Closed-Toe Shoes, and Grab Critical Meds + Passport"]
    Location -->|"On Public Deck, Restaurant, or Theater"| GoDirect["Do Not Fight Crowd Back to Cabin; Crew Will Issue Spare Lifejacket at Muster Station"]
    Dress --> CheckDoor["Feel Cabin Door and Metal Handle With Back of Hand for Heat"]
    CheckDoor -->|"Cool and Clear"| Corridor["Carry Lifejacket (Put On at Muster Station Unless Ordered Earlier) and Take Stairs"]
    CheckDoor -->|"Hot or Heavy Black Smoke"| AltExit["Keep Door Shut, Seal Vents With Wet Towels, Call Bridge, and Exit via Balcony Partition if Equipped"]
    GoDirect --> Stairs["Use Stairs Only (Never Elevators); Follow Glow-in-the-Dark Floor Strips"]
    Corridor --> Stairs
    Stairs --> Muster["Check In by Cabin/Card at Assigned Muster Station and Wait for Master's Verbal Orders"]
    Muster --> Order{"Did Captain Order Abandon Ship?"}
    Order -->|"No (Incident Contained)"| Standby["Remain at Muster Station Until Official Stand-Down Broadcast"]
    Order -->|"Yes (Verbal Abandon Ship Order)"| Board["Put On Lifejacket Tightly and Board Assigned Lifeboat or Marine Evacuation Chute Dry"]

Scenario 1: Fire at sea, smoke, and total power blackout¶

Fire is the single greatest internal hazard on any vessel at sea. Modern cruise ships are divided vertically and horizontally into main fire zones separated by thick insulated steel bulkheads (A-60 class fire boundaries) and heavy electromagnetic fire doors that release and close automatically when smoke or heat is detected.

Escaping a smoke-filled stateroom corridor¶

Synthetic carpets, wall veneers, mattresses, and electrical cable insulation aboard ships produce dense, black, highly toxic smoke rich in carbon monoxide and hydrogen cyanide when burned.

1. Test your stateroom door before opening it: Place the back of your hand against the upper steel door panel and the handle. If the steel is hot, or if thick black smoke is forcing its way around the doorframe seal, do not open the door into the corridor.
2. Use the balcony partition if trapped in an exterior cabin: Almost all modern balcony staterooms feature hinged or sliding privacy dividers between adjacent balconies that can be unlocked by crew using a square spanner key or kicked/forced open in an extreme life-threatening fire. Climb onto your balcony, alert neighboring cabins, and move horizontally along the exterior balconies away from the smoke plume until you can re-enter the ship inside an unaffected fire zone.
3. Crawl below the thermal layer follow the floor strips: If you must move through a smoke-filled interior corridor, drop onto your hands and knees where cooler, breathable air remains within 30 to 60 centimeters (1 to 2 feet) of the deck. Follow the glowing photoluminescent strip or green/red LED strip mounted along the baseboard. Under IMO rules, these floor strips include directional arrows or tactile bumps indicating the shortest direction to a fire-rated stairwell enclosure.
4. Watch out for closing watertight and fire doors: Heavy sliding watertight doors on lower crew and lower passenger decks close under immense hydraulic pressure accompanied by a loud klaxon bell and flashing strobe. Never try to wedge an object into a watertight door or squeeze through one while it is closing; if a fire door in an upper corridor has closed across your path, push the standard panic bar or pull handle to walk through it and let it latch shut immediately behind you.

Surviving an engine room blackout ("dead ship" condition)¶

When an engine room fire, electrical switchboard arc-flash, or fuel contamination shuts down a cruise ship's main diesel generators, the vessel enters a "dead ship" state.

• Emergency generator cut-in: Within 45 seconds of a main power failure, SOLAS regulations require autonomous emergency generators located on an upper deck to start automatically, restoring power to emergency corridor lighting, bridge navigation, steering gear, fire pumps, and public address speakers.
• Loss of propulsion and beam-sea rolling: Without propulsion pods or active fin stabilizers operating, a tall cruise ship in heavy ocean swells will naturally drift sideways into the wave trough (beam-on to the sea) and begin rolling heavily from side to side at angles of 10 to 25 degrees. Sit on the floor, brace your back against a structural bulkhead, and lock away loose glass bottles, luggage, and furniture immediately.
• Sanitation and ventilation shutdown: When main hotel power fails, vacuum toilets (Envirovac systems), air conditioning chillers, and galley ovens stop working. If a ship remains disabled for several hours or days awaiting ocean tugboats:
  • Do not flush vacuum toilets once the vacuum pressure drops; crew will distribute color-coded biohazard waste bags for human waste.
  • Open balcony doors (if weather permits and no smoke is present on the hull exterior) to create natural cross-ventilation, as interior cabins without windows can exceed 35 degrees Celsius (95 degrees Fahrenheit) within hours in tropical latitudes.
  • Ration bottled water early until crew establish water distribution lines on the open promenade decks.

Scenario 2: Collision, grounding, and severe hull listing¶

When a passenger vessel strikes an underwater reef, collides with another ship, or suffers a stabilizer fin tear, water entering compromised compartments can cause the ship to heel over (list) to port or starboard.

He pai te neke ki roto i te kaipuke titaha¶

1. Kia mau tonu nga hū rapa: Ko nga papa o te mapere mapere, nga papaa kaukau makuku, me nga arawhata whariki ka kore e taea te whiti i te wa e 12 nga nekehanga o te waka. Kaua rawa e hikoi huu, i roto i nga tokena, i nga rekereke teitei ranei i te wa ohorere.
2. Kia tupato ki nga taonga rere me nga miihini petipeti: I roto i nga ruuma a te iwi, i nga whare casino, i nga ruuma kai, i nga toa, i nga piana, i nga tepu kai, i nga tuuru pae, me nga mihini mokowhiti ka pakaru mai i nga papa rahoraho ka paheke puta noa i te ruuma me te kaha pakaru whakamate i te wa o te roera taumaha, rarangi rarangi ranei. Me noho ki roto i nga kauhanga whaiti, i nga arawhata whakaahuru ranei, kaua ki nga atrium tuwhera whanui.
3. Mau ringa to koti ora kia tae ra ano koe ki te Teihana Muster: Ma te hikoi i runga i te arawhata pari, kikii me te mau i te koti ora pahuka i te nui ka aukati i to tirohanga whakararo (kaore koe e kite i nga hikoi i raro i ou waewae) ka mau te tangata ki nga reera me nga papa o te kuaha. Mauria te koti ora ki tetahi ringa, ka mau ki te reera me tetahi atu, ka whakakakahu ina tae koe ki te rahoraho (mehemea ka uru te wai ki to rahoraho).

Me pehea te eke ki runga waka ora: Nga Poti Whakaora me nga Pūnaha Whakaheke Moana (MES)¶

Mena ka tukuna e te Kapene te kupu whakahau kia whakarerea te kaipuke, ma nga kaihopu e arahi koe ki tetahi o nga punaha toi oranga e rua:

• Te Toi Whakaora Motu-Motu (Lifeboats) kua kapi katoa: Ko nga poti poti o naianei kei te pupuri i te 150 ki te 370 nga pahihi, he miihini miihini o roto, he kawe wai oranga (3 rita mo ia tangata) me nga pae kai nui-calorie, a ka taea te whakatika i a ratou ano mena ka huri i te wa e mau ana te katoa ki o ratou whitiki nohoanga e wha. Huri tika atu i te paepae i te wa e pupuri ana nga kaihopu i o ringaringa, neke atu ki te tuuru tawhiti rawa atu kia taurite te poti, noho tonu ki raro, ka mau i to whitiki nohoanga i mua i te whakahekenga o te winch davit i te poti.
• Marine Evacuation System (MES) and Inflatable Liferafts: Mena ka whakamahia e to teihana whakahiato he riu oranga karekau (mehemea he nui rawa te rarangi takere e kore ai e rere nga poti davit i tetahi taha mai i te whakarewatanga), ka horahia e nga kaihopu he kowhatu mawhiti poutū, he riipene ara-rua ranei e taka tika atu ana ki runga i te papaapapa rewa-50-tangata-taawhiowhio-a-raa-1. Tangohia nga mohiti, nga whakapaipai koi, me nga hu rekereke teitei i mua i te kuhu ki roto i te poka, kia kore ai e werohia nga ngongo rapa pupuhi.

Tauari 3: Te whakautu a Man Overboard (MOB) me te oranga o te moana tuwhera¶

Ko te taka mai i te kaipuke poti e neke ana ki te moana tuwhera tetahi o nga tino ohorere i te waa ki te rapu me te whakaoranga moana. Ko te kaipuke tere e tere ana i te 20 knots (37 kiromita ia haora / 23 maero i te haora) neke atu i te 300 mita (1,000 waewae) ia 30 hēkona, me te 1 ki te 2 kiromita (0.6 ki te 1.2 maero) ki te mahi i te Whiti Williamson, i te Huri Scharnow ranei kia hoki mai ki te waahi o te urunga.

flowchart TD
    Fall["Ka hinga te tangata mai i te papa kaipuke, taupee ranei"] --> Witness{"Ko koe te Kaitaunaki i runga i te Rahera, ko te Tangata ranei kei roto i te wai?"}
    Witness -->|"Kaikite i runga Rahoraho"| Shout["1. Karangatia TANGATA OVERBOARD me te Tohu Tonu Ki te Totoro ringa"]
    Shout --> Ring["2. Makahia te Mowhiti Whakaoranga Tata + Te Paoa/Maama Tohu (Whakaaro Whakararo, Kaua ki te Upoko)"]
    Ring --> Phone["3. Kia Waea Waea Waea ohorere te tangata tuarua me te tuhi i te waa tika + te Rahoraho/Taha"]
    Phone --> KeepEyes["4. Kaua rawa e titiro atu kia whakaūhia e nga Kaipupuri Piriti te Maukati Ataata ki te Kaihoe"]
    Witness -->|"Tangata Hinga / Ki Te Wai"| Entry["1. Whakawhiti ringa ki runga i te uma, whakawiri ihu, maukati nga rekereke i mua i te pa ki te wai"]
    Entry --> Clear["2. Kauhoe Maama Mai i te Hull kia kore ai e ngotea ki roto i nga poroporo Azipod Whakamuri."]
    Clear --> Float["3. Kauhoe ki Lifebuoy/Smoke Marker; Whakamahia te pikinga o nga kakahu ki te kore he koti ora"]
    Float --> Heat["4. Whakaritea te Turanga Awhina (Nga Turi ki te Uma) me te Potiki Ana I te Whakatata Mai te Poti Whakaoranga, Helicopter ranei"]

Me aha koe ki te kite koe i te takahanga o tetahi ki te moana¶

1. Kati o kanohi ki te kaihoe me te tohu tonu: I nga ngaru o te moana 1.5 mita noa (5 putu), ka ngaro te mahunga tangata ki muri i nga ngaru i roto i nga hēkona. Kaua e oma atu i te reriwe ki te kimi i tetahi kaihopu. Tu ki te reriwe, toro atu to ringa ki te kaihoe, ka karanga "Man Overboard on the port/starboard side" i te tihi o ou makahukahu tae noa ki te whakauru atu o nga kaihihi me nga kaihopu.
2. Maka te whakakai me te tohu tohu whakaora SOLAS: I ia tekau ma rua mita i te taha o nga reera hikoi tuwhera, ka mau nga kaipuke i nga poti ora porohita karaka e 2.5 ki te 4 kirokaramu te taumaha (5.5 ki te 8.8 pauna), ka piri tonu ki te rama hiko o te pākahiko e mura ana me te karaka karaka mo te 15 meneti. Unuhia te kaikauhoe mai i tana awhi ka maka ki runga i te reriwe ahakoa kei te 100 mita te kauhoe kei te taha whakararo. Ka whai waahi te kaihoe ki te kauhoe ki te kauhoe me te tohu i te ara paheke o te au o te mata mo nga apiha piriti me nga waka topatopa whakaora.
3. Kaua rawa e maka nga taonga taumaha ki roto i te wai: I etahi wa ka makahia e te hunga e noho pai ana nga nohoanga noho rakau, nga teepu ranei ki runga ki te moana kia rere ai te kaihoe. Ka taka te rakau me te whakarewa mai i te 20 mita ki runga ka patu, ka mate te kaihoe, ka marara nga taonga maanu puta noa i te oho, he radar rangirua me nga kaamera infrared waiariki.
4. Ripoatahia te tohu tohu wa me te tohu whenua o te kaa/papa ki te Piriti: Me tono tetahi tangata e tu mai ana ki te tiki i te waea whare ma tata ka waea atu ki te nama ohorere o te kaipuke. Korerotia ki te Piriti te meneti tonu i haere ai te tangata, ahakoa i taka mai i te tauranga (maui) i te taha matau ranei (matau), he aha te tae o nga kakahu e mau ana. Ka whakamahia e nga kaipuke poti o naianei nga kaamera waiariki a te tangata-i runga i te moana me te whakaata i te waa whakaata CCTV hei tohu i nga taunga GPS tika o te ngahuru i roto i nga hēkona.

Me pehea te ora mena ka taka koe ki te moana¶

1. Tiakihia to huarahi hau me to tuara i te wa e pa ana: Mena kei te taka mai koe i te rahoraho, pehia to kauae ki raro ki tou uma, whitia o ringa ki runga i tou uma (pupuri i to koti ora ki te mau tetahi), whakawiri i to ihu ki te ringa kotahi, ka whiti kia piri nga rekereke kia uru koe ki roto i te wai-tuatahi ano he pene.
2. Kauhoe atu i te takere inaianei: Ka nekehia e te kaipuke neke nga rau mano tone wai. I te wa e haere ana te wahanga o waenga kaipuke ki a koe, ko te momi hydrodynamic Bernoulli ka whakahoki mai i te wai mata ki roto ki te kei kei reira nga poroporo hurihuri nui, nga kaitao Azipod ranei e noho ana i raro i te porotiti. Ina ka puta koe ki te taha o te takere, kauhoe kaha ki te koki 90-tohu tika atu i te taha o te kaipuke kia matara rawa atu te kei i a koe.
3. Kia ora i nga meneti tuatahi e 3 o te Whakautu Huri Matao: Mena kei raro iho te pāmahana wai i te 15 nga nekehanga Celsius (59 nga nekehanga Fahrenheit), ka puta te rukunga i te ahua o te manawa karekau ka whai i te hyperventilation me te piki ohorere o te pehanga toto. Mo te 60 ki te 90 hēkona tuatahi, arotahi katoa ki te pupuri i to waha ki runga ake i nga ngaru ngaru me te whakamaarama i to manawa i mua i te ngana ki te kauhoe ki hea.
4. Kimihia te poti ora, whakahiahia ranei o kakahu: Titiro whakamuri i te ara o te kaipuke mo te whakakai karaka karaka e maanu ana, te rama hiko, te pou auahi karaka ranei, ka kauhoe haere tonu ki reira. Mēnā karekau he mānuka i maka, karekau he koti ora, kia mau tonu ō hu me ō kākahu (he mahanga wai mahana ki te taha o tō kiri); Patohia he koti ringa-roa, herea ranei he here ki roto i nga ringaringa o te tarau tarau, ka tahia ki runga i to mahunga kia mau te hau ki roto hei putea kua oti te hanga.
5. Whakaorangia te wera me te kaha: Kaua e ngana ki te kauhoe i muri i te kaipuke e wehe atu ana. Ko te kaipuke e neke ana i te 20 knots ka ngaro atu ki te paerangi i te wa e huri ana, a ko te kauhoe poauau e rere ana te toto mahana ki roto i o ringaringa me o waewae, ka tere ake te hauhautanga matua ki te 50 ōrau. Hurihia ki roto i te Heat Escape Lessening Posture (ĀWHINA) mā te toia ō turi ki runga ki tō uma me te whakawhiti i ō ringa ki runga i ō rara. Ko te ngaru me te pakaru noa te wai ki runga ki te rangi (he maata atu te rehu ma i te rangi i te ringa pouri e tawhiri ana) ina kite koe i te poti whakaora tere o te kaipuke, i tetahi waka topatopa Kaitiaki Takutai ranei e kaha ana ki te rapu tata ki a koe.

Tauari 4: Nga mate ohorere a te papa kaipuke, helicopter medevac, me te taratahi pakarutanga¶

Ko nga kaipuke poti nui katoa e whakahaere ana i tetahi pokapu rongoa kei runga i nga kaimahi 24 haora ia ra ma te kotahi ki te toru nga taote ohorere whai raihana me te toru ki te ono nga nēhi kua rehitatia, he mea rite ki nga kaitirotiro ngakau, defibrillators, whakaihiihi miihini, miihini X-ray mamati, me nga taiwhanga toto mo te tiaki. Heoi, he whare haumanu whakapumautanga ohotata, ehara i te hohipera pokanga. Karekau he rūma whakahaere mo nga pokanga nui, he taiwhanga catheterization ngakau mo nga stent, he matawai CT mo nga whiu, he putea toto ranei mo te whakaheke toto nui (ahakoa ka taea e nga kaipuke te whakahaere ohorere "te peeke toto haere" te tirotiro i waenga i nga kaihihi me nga kaihopu e rite ana ki to momo toto i roto i te mamae nui).

Ahea me pehea nga rerenga hauora moana (Medevac) ka puta¶

Mena ka kitea e koe, he hoa haere ranei nga tohu o te mate ngakau, te whiu, te aorta kua wehea, te apendisitis, te mate mate kino ranei i te moana, waeahia te nama hauora ohorere o te kaipuke mai i tetahi waea kaaana. I ia meneti ka ngaro e tatari ana ki te kite mena ka whakatauhia te mamae o te uma me te koretake o te korero ka taea te turaki i te kaipuke ki waho o nga mahi topatopa whakaora takutai.

flowchart TD
    Onset["Te Ngaru Hauora I Te Moana (Te mamae o te uma, te whiu, te mamae, te Sepsis)"] --> Dial["Call Ship Medical Emergency Number Immediately (24/7 Onboard Physician)"]
    Dial --> Stabilize["Onboard Infirmary Stabilizes Patient (IV, ECG, Thrombolytics, Intubation)"]
    Stabilize --> Consult["Ship Doctor + Captain Consult Telemedical Maritime Assistance Service (TMAS / Coast Guard Flight Surgeon)"]
    Consult --> Range{"Vessel Distance From Nearest Capable Trauma Shore?"}
    Range -->|"Within 20 to 50 Nautical Miles (37 to 92 km)"| Boat["Ship Diverts Toward Port for High-Speed Coast Guard Lifeboat or Pilot Boat Transfer"]
    Range -->|"50 to 250 Nautical Miles (92 to 463 km)"| Helo["Captain Steers Into Wind; Coast Guard Helicopter Executes Winch Hoist From Upper Deck"]
    Range -->|"Over 300 Nautical Miles (Mid-Ocean Crossing)"| Divert["Ship Increases Speed Toward Helicopter Range or Diverts to Nearest Island Airstrip for Fixed-Wing Air Ambulance"]

1. Telemedical Maritime Assistance Service (TMAS) consultation: Once the ship's physician stabilizes the patient, the Captain and doctor establish a satellite link with national coast guard flight surgeons (such as the US Coast Guard, UK HM Coastguard, or international TMAS centers) to determine whether the patient requires an immediate mid-ocean helicopter hoist or an urgent diversion to the nearest port.
2. Preparing the patient's documents before a helicopter hoist: When a military or coast guard rescue helicopter conducts a winch extraction from the ship's bow or top sun deck, weight and cabin space inside the aircraft are severely restricted. In many helicopter medevacs, even a spouse or parent is not permitted to ride inside the rescue helicopter if the aircraft is near maximum fuel range or carrying two rescue swimmers and a flight medic. Before the stretcher leaves the ship's medical center, make sure a waterproof zip-top bag is taped securely to the patient's chest or stretcher containing:
   • The patient's physical passport (never let a patient be airlifted to a foreign hospital without their passport).
   • The ship physician's printed clinical transfer summary, ECG strips, and medication administration log.
   • Credit cards, travel medical evacuation insurance policy numbers, and the mobile phone numbers of both the traveling companion left on board and next-of-kin at home.
   • The contact card of the cruise line's Port Agent in the destination city where the helicopter is landing, who will assist the family when they disembark at the next port to rejoin the patient.

Surviving a shipboard gastrointestinal (Norovirus) or respiratory outbreak¶

Semi-enclosed passenger vessels are vulnerable to rapid person-to-person transmission of acute gastroenteritis (most commonly norovirus) and respiratory viruses.

• Why alcohol hand sanitizer alone does not stop norovirus: Norovirus is a non-enveloped virus with a tough protein capsid that resists standard alcohol-based hand gels. Whenever you return to your cabin or enter a dining room, wash your hands vigorously with soap and running warm water for at least 20 seconds, and use a paper towel to open public restroom doors on your way out.
• Avoid shared buffet utensils during an active outbreak: If a ship enters elevated sanitation protocols (typically triggered when 2 percent or more of passengers report gastrointestinal symptoms), crew will take over serving all food at buffets. Eat hot, freshly cooked meals and drink sealed bottled water.
• Report severe vomiting or dehydration early: If you cannot keep fluids down for more than 12 hours, show signs of dizziness when standing, or have underlying kidney or heart disease, report to the shipboard medical center for oral rehydration salts (ORS) or intravenous fluids and antiemetics. Under international maritime sanitation programs (such as the US CDC Vessel Sanitation Program), passengers diagnosed with contagious acute gastroenteritis are typically placed in temporary stateroom isolation until 24 to 48 hours after their last episode of vomiting or diarrhea to protect the rest of the ship.

Scenario 5: High-risk transit zones, pirate threats, and onboard violent crime¶

While rare on standard Caribbean, Mediterranean, or Alaskan itineraries, repositioning cruises and world voyages occasionally transit waters with elevated maritime security threats (such as the Bab-el-Mandeb Strait, the Gulf of Aden, or the Gulf of Guinea), and serious crimes can occur aboard ships operating in international waters outside the jurisdiction of local municipal police.

Pirate threat or external maritime attack protocols¶

If the Captain announces a maritime security alert or imminent external threat from small high-speed skiffs:

1. Move immediately from outer decks and balconies into interior passageways: Small-arms fire and rocket-propelled grenades target the navigation bridge and outer hull windows. Never stand on a balcony or look through a porthole to film approaching vessels.
2. Sit on the floor in an interior corridor between stateroom walls: Putting two layers of steel cabin bulkheads between yourself and the exterior hull provides substantial ballistic protection against small-arms fire.
3. Observe strict blackout discipline at night: When transiting high-risk waters at night, the Captain may order a ship-wide external blackout. Keep stateroom curtains drawn completely shut, turn off balcony lights, and never use flashlights or camera flashes on outer decks.

Reporting a violent crime, sexual assault, or missing passenger at sea¶

A cruise ship in international waters operates primarily under the legal jurisdiction of its Flag State (often Bahamas, Panama, Malta, Bermuda, or Italy), alongside overlapping extraterritorial jurisdiction of the victim's or perpetrator's home country (for example, the US Federal Bureau of Investigation has statutory jurisdiction under the Cruise Vessel Security and Safety Act of 2010 over serious felonies involving US citizens on vessels embarking or disembarking in the United States).

1. Do not rely solely on shipboard corporate security for criminal investigation: If you or a family member are the victim of a physical assault, sexual assault, or suspected drugging, or if a traveling companion goes missing on board, demand that the Captain immediately report the incident via satellite to the nearest coastal Coast Guard and national law enforcement agency (such as the FBI, UK National Crime Agency, or Royal Canadian Mounted Police) as well as the police in the very next port of call.
2. Preserve forensic evidence: In a suspected sexual assault or drink spiking, do not shower, wash clothing, or allow cabin stewards to clean the stateroom. Under the US Cruise Vessel Security and Safety Act and international maritime medical guidelines, cruise ships are required to carry sealed forensic sexual assault evidence collection kits (rape kits) and have credentialed medical staff trained to collect forensic evidence and blood/urine toxicology samples with an unbroken chain of custody.
3. Contact your home country's embassy in the next port of call: Use satellite Wi-Fi or the ship's telephone system to contact embassy and consular assistance in the country where the ship will next dock so a consular officer and independent local police investigators can meet the vessel at the gangway before evidence is lost or the ship sails out of jurisdiction.

Pre-departure cruise cabin safety checklist¶

Complete these preparation steps before your ship casts off its mooring lines:

• Packed a 7-to-14-day buffer supply of all critical prescription medications in your carry-on bag (never in checked luggage left with dock porters) in case of quarantine or voyage delay.
• Purchased a dedicated travel medical and maritime medical evacuation insurance policy covering at least 100,000 US dollars (or euro/pound equivalent) in emergency evacuation and repatriation.
• Placed a small waterproof flashlight or headlamp on the nightstand beside your bed in case of a nighttime power blackout.
• Verified the location of your Muster Station, walked two separate stair routes to reach it, and counted the cabin doors between your room and the stairwell.
• Checked that adult, child, and infant lifejackets in your cabin match the exact number and body weight of everyone sleeping in the room.
• Saved the emergency contact number for your country's embassy at each foreign port of call in your phone and on a printed paper card.

Pātai auau¶

Kua tirohia nga puna¶

• International Maritime Organization (IMO, United Nations): International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), Chapter III: Life-Saving Appliances and Arrangements, and Muster/Abandon Ship Procedures.
• United States Coast Guard (USCG, United States): Maritime Search and Rescue Addendum, Helicopter Medevac Hoist Protocols, and Passenger Vessel Safety Guidance.
• Maritime and Coastguard Agency (MCA, United Kingdom): Survival at Sea, Cold Water Shock Physiology, and Passenger Safety on Seagoing Vessels.
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, United States): Vessel Sanitation Program (VSP) Operations Manual and Outbreak Prevention Guidelines for Cruise Ships.
• American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP, United States): Health Care Guidelines for Cruise Ship Medical Facilities.
• Federal Bureau of Investigation and U.S. Department of Transportation (FBI / DOT, United States): Cruise Vessel Security and Safety Act (CVSSA) Crime Reporting and Forensic Evidence Preservation Standards.

Nga kaiarahi e pa ana¶

• Nga aitua waka
• Nga ohorere hauora me te wehe atu ki waho
• Kua ngaro te uruwhenua, tuhinga haerenga ranei
• Te Embassy me te awhina consular