Zadzidzidzi za sitima zapamadzi: malo opangira zinthu, moto panyanja, ndi kusamutsidwa kwachipatala¶

Masitima apanyanja amakono ndi mabwato onyamula anthu ochokera kumayiko ena ndi mizinda yoyandama yonyamula anthu pakati pa 1,000 ndi 9,000 ndi ogwira nawo ntchito kudutsa nyanja zotseguka, ngalande zopapatiza, ndi madzi akutali. Pansi pa Msonkhano Wapadziko Lonse wa Chitetezo cha Moyo pa Nyanja (SOLAS), zombo zonyamula anthu zimapangidwa ndi zigawo zokhala ndi madzi osalowa madzi, ma pods othamangitsidwa ndi dizilo, makina oletsa moto wamadzi othamanga kwambiri, komanso mabwato opulumutsa anthu omwe amatha kuthandiza aliyense amene akukwera.

Ngakhale kuli kotetezedwa koopsa kwa uinjiniya, ngozi zapanyanja zikuchulukirachulukira chifukwa sitima yomwe ili panyanja ndi malo akutali kwa maola kapena masiku otalikirana ndi ozimitsa moto omwe ali pamtunda komanso malo owopsa a Level 1. Moto woyaka moto m'chipinda cha injini ukatulutsa mphamvu yamagetsi, kuphulika kwa ziboliboli kumayambitsa mndandanda waukulu, mafunde amphamvu amagunda uta, kapena wokwera amagwera m'madzi amdima amadzi am'nyanja, kupulumuka kumadalira kudziwa kwanu komweko, ma alarm a sitima zapamadzi, njira zotulutsira utsi, ndi njira za helikopita za medevac.

Chitani izi tsopano¶

1. Zindikirani Ma Alamu Angozi Nthawi yomweyo: Ngati mumva kulira kwachidule kasanu ndi kawiri kotsatiridwa ndi kuphulika kumodzi kwa nthawi yaitali pa mluzu wa sitimayo ndi mabelu a ma alarm amkati, siyani zomwe mukuchita ndikukonzekera kupita ku siteshoni ya muster (msonkhano) yomwe mwapatsidwa.
2. **Osabwereranso ku stateroom kwanu polimbana ndi gulu la anthu kapena kudzera mu utsi **: Ngati alamu yadzidzidzi ikulira mukakhala pagulu la anthu, pitani molunjika kusiteshoni yanu; ogwira nawo ntchito amasunga ma jekete amoyo a SOLAS, ma jekete opulumutsira ana akhanda, ndi zida zodzitchinjiriza pamalo ochitira msonkhano.
3. Ngati wina agwa m'madzi, musawachotsepo maso: Fuulani "Man Overboard" ndikuloza dzanja lanu mosalekeza kwa munthu amene ali m'madzi pamene wina akuponya mphete yapafupi (yokhala ndi utsi wozimitsa yokha ndi cholembera) ndikuyimba nambala yafoni yadzidzidzi.
4. **Khalani otsika ndikugwiritsa ntchito masitepe achitsulo pamoto kapena pamndandanda **: Osagwiritsa ntchito zikepe pa alarm; gwirani dzanja limodzi mwamphamvu pamakonde achitsulo okhazikika pamene sitimayo ikupendekeka, ndikukwawa pansi pa utsi wakuda wotuluka ngati moto ulowa m'njira.
5. Osalumphira m'nyanja pokhapokha ngati mapazi anu akhudza madzi okwera: Kutsika 18 mpaka 30 metres (60 mpaka 100 mapazi) kuchokera pamwamba pa sitima yapamadzi kulowa m'nyanja mutavala jekete lolimba la keyhole limagunda madzi pa liwiro la makilomita opitilira 65 pa ola (makilomita 40 pa ola), kupangitsa kuti khosi lachiberekero liwonongeke komanso kukomoka.
6. ** Tsatirani kuwulutsa kwa mawu a Master musanasiye sitima **: Sitima zapamadzi zamakono zapangidwa kuti zizigwira ntchito ngati "boti lawo labwino kwambiri"; osayesa kumasula kapena kukwera ngalawa yopulumutsira kapena kukwera ndege yopulumukirako mpaka Mtsogoleri wa sitimayo (Mbuye) atapereka lamulo lomveka bwino loti asiye ngalawayo.

Kusindikiza ma alarm a shipboard ndi ma code achitetezo a ogwira ntchito¶

Sitima yapamadzi iliyonse yoyenda panyanja yomwe ikugwira ntchito m'madzi apadziko lonse lapansi imatsata ma siginecha okhazikika omwe bungwe la International Maritime Organisation (IMO) lalamulidwa ndi International Maritime Organisation (IMO) pansi pa msonkhano wa SOLAS, limodzi ndi mawu apagulu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ogwira nawo ntchito kusonkhanitsa magulu oyankha mwachangu popanda kuchititsa kuti anthu azipondana.

Chifukwa chiyani kutenga Day 1 Muster Drill mozama kumapulumutsa miyoyo¶

Pansi pa malamulo apanyanja apadziko lonse lapansi, wokwera aliyense amene ayamba ulendo wa maola opitilira 24 ayenera kumaliza kudziwitsana nawo asananyamuke kapena nthawi yomweyo akanyamuka. Ngakhale m'zombo zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito makina amakono a "e-Muster" (pomwe okwera amawonera kanema wachitetezo pa foni yam'manja kapena kanema wawayilesi yapanyumba musanayang'ane pamalo awo ochitira msonkhano), muyenera kuyang'ana katatu pa ola lanu loyamba mukukwera:

1. ** Yendani masitepe awiri odziyimira pawokha kuchokera ku kanyumba kwanu kupita ku Muster Station **: Pezani masitepe oyambira ndi masitepe enanso mbali ina. Werengani kuchuluka kwa zitseko za kanyumba pakati pa chipinda chanu cha stateroom ndi chitseko cha masitepe kuti mutha kupeza potuluka pokhudza mumdima wathunthu kapena utsi wambiri.
2. Yang'anirani ma jekete opulumutsa moyo mkati mwa chipinda chanu chamkati kapena pansi pa bedi: Onetsetsani kuti pali jekete imodzi yopulumutsira munthu wamkulu aliyense wokhalamo, kuphatikiza ma jekete apadera aamuna (omwe amakhala ndi lamba) kapena machira oyandama akhanda ngati mukuyenda ndi makanda. Onetsetsani kuti nyali yolowera m'madzi yoyatsidwa ndi madzi, muluzu, ndi tepi yowonetsa retro-reflective zili zonse.
3. Werengani kuseri kwa chitseko chanu cha stateroom: Mapu opangidwa mkati mwa chitseko cha kanyumba kanu akuwonetsa kuti muli malo osagwirizana ndi madzi komanso malo oyimirira amoto omwe mumakhala, komwe mukupita, komwe mukupita, komanso mitundu yamitundu yotsika ya sitima yapamadzi ya photoluminescent (yowala-mu-mdima).

flowchart TD
    Alarm["Kuphulika Kwachidule ka 7 + Kuphulika Kwamphindi 1 (Nyengo Yadzidzidzi Yambiri)"] --> Location{"Kodi Muli Kuti Panopa?"}
    Location -->|"Mkati mwa Stateroom Yanu"| Dress["Valani mathalauza Aatali, Manja Aatali, Nsapato Zolimba Zotsekeka, ndi Grab Critical Meds + Passport"]
    Location -->|"Pa Public Deck, Restaurant, kapena Theatre"| GoDirect["Osalimbana ndi Anthu Kubwerera Ku Kabin; Ogwira Ntchito Adzatulutsa Spare Lifejacket ku Muster Station"]
    Dress --> CheckDoor["Imvani Khomo la Cabin ndi Chogwirira Chachitsulo Chokhala Ndi Kumbuyo Kwa Dzanja Kuti Kutenthetse"]
    CheckDoor -->|"Zozizira ndi Zomveka"| Corridor["Nyamulani Lifejacket (Valani pa Muster Station Pokhapokha Munalamulidwa Kale) ndikukwera masitepe"]
    CheckDoor -->|"Utsi Wakuda Wotentha Kapena Wolemera"| AltExit["Sungani Chotsekera Pakhomo, Tsekani Zotsekera Zokhala Ndi Matawulo Onyowa, Call Bridge, ndikutuluka kudzera pa Balcony Partition ngati Muli ndi Zida."]
    GoDirect --> Stairs["Gwiritsani Ntchito Masitepe Pokha (Osadzikweza); Tsatirani Zingwe za Pansi Yowala-mu-Mu-mdima"]
    Corridor --> Stairs
    Stairs --> Muster["Lowetsani ndi Cabin/Card pa Assigned Muster Station ndikudikirira Malangizo a Master"]
    Muster --> Order{"Kodi Captain Adalamula Kusiya Sitima?"}
    Order -->|"Ayi (Chochitika Chilipo)"| Standby["Khalani pa Muster Station Kufikira Kuyimirira Pansi Kuwulutsa"]
    Order -->|"Inde (Verbal Abandon Ship Order)"| Board["Valani Lifejacket Molimba ndi Boti Yopereka Boti kapena Kutuluka Panyanja Chute Dry"]

Chitsanzo 1: Moto panyanja, utsi, ndi kuzimitsidwa kwa mphamvu zonse¶

Moto ndiye ngozi yayikulu kwambiri yamkati pachombo chilichonse panyanja. Sitima zapamadzi zamakono zimagawidwa molunjika komanso mopingasa m'zigawo zazikulu zozimitsa moto zomwe zimasiyanitsidwa ndi zitsulo zolimba zotsekeredwa (malire amoto amtundu wa A-60) ndi zitseko zamoto zolemetsa zama elekitiroma zomwe zimamasulidwa ndikutseka zokha zikapezeka utsi kapena kutentha.

Kuthawa pakhonde lodzaza ndi utsi¶

Makapeti opangira, zotchingira pakhoma, matiresi, ndi zotsekera zingwe zamagetsi m'sitimamo zimatulutsa utsi wandiweyani, wakuda, wapoizoni kwambiri wokhala ndi mpweya wa carbon monoxide ndi hydrogen cyanide ukawotchedwa.

1. **Yesani chitseko chanu cha stateroom musanachitsegule **: Ikani kumbuyo kwa dzanja lanu motsutsana ndi chitseko chapamwamba chachitsulo ndi chogwirira. Ngati chitsulo chatentha, kapena ngati utsi wandiweyani wakuda ukukakamira kuzungulira chitseko, musatsegule chitseko mukhonde.
2. **Gwiritsani ntchito magawo a khonde ngati atsekeredwa mchipinda chakunja **: Pafupifupi zipinda zonse zamakono zakhonde zimakhala ndi zinsinsi zopalira kapena zotsetsereka pakati pa makonde oyandikana omwe amatha kutsegulidwa ndi ogwira nawo ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito kiyi ya sipana kapena kumenyedwa / kutsegulidwa pamoto wowopsa kwambiri. Kwerani pa khonde lanu, chenjezani zinyumba zoyandikana nazo, ndipo yendani mopingasa m'makonde akunja kutali ndi utsi wa utsi mpaka mutalowanso m'sitimayo m'dera lomwe silinakhudzidwe ndi moto.
3. Kukwawirani m'munsi mwa nsonga yotentha motsatira timizere ta pansi: Ngati mukuyenera kudutsa mukhwawa lamkati lodzaza utsi, gwerani m'manja ndi m'mawondo pomwe mpweya wozizirira bwino umakhala mkati mwa 30 mpaka 60 centimita (1 mpaka 2 mapazi) kuchokera pansi. Tsatirani mzere wonyezimira wa photoluminescent kapena mzere wobiriwira/wofiyira wa LED woyikidwa paboardboard. Pansi pa malamulo a IMO, mizere yapansi iyi imaphatikizapo mivi yolunjika kapena matumpu olunjika omwe akuwonetsa komwe kuli kwakafupi kwambiri kolowera kumalo otchingidwa ndi moto.
4. Chenjerani ndi kutseka zitseko zopanda madzi komanso zozimitsa moto: Zitseko zokhoma zotsetsereka zopanda madzi pagulu la anthu otsika komanso masitepe otsika okwera amatseka pansi pa mphamvu ya hydraulic yotsatizana ndi belu lalikulu la klaxon ndi strobe yonyezimira. Osayesa kukhotetsa chinthu pachitseko chopanda madzi kapena kufinya pa chitseko pamene chikutseka; ngati chitseko chamoto chakumtunda chatseka njira yanu, kanikizani panic bar kapena kukoka chogwirira kuti mudutse ndikuchisiya chitsekere kumbuyo kwanu.

Kupulumuka mumdima wachipinda cha injini ("sitima yakufa")¶

Pamene moto m'chipinda cha injini, magetsi a switchboard arc-flash, kapena kuipitsidwa kwa mafuta kumatseka majenereta akuluakulu a dizilo a sitima yapamadzi, chombocho chimalowa mu "sitima yakufa".

• ** Kudula kwa jenereta yadzidzidzi **: Pakadutsa masekondi a 45 kulephera kwakukulu kwa mphamvu, malamulo a SOLAS amafuna kuti majenereta odziimira okhaokha omwe ali pamtunda wapamwamba ayambe okha, kubwezeretsa mphamvu ku kuyatsa kwadzidzidzi, kuyendetsa mlatho, zida zoyendetsera moto, mapampu amoto, ndi okamba maadiresi a anthu onse.
• Kutayika kwa kuthamanga ndi kugudubuzika kwa nyanja: Popanda zipolopolo zoyendetsa kapena zolimbitsa zipsepse zogwira ntchito, sitima yapamadzi yayitali yomwe ili ndi mafunde olemera kwambiri a m'nyanja mwachilengedwe imagwedezeka cham'mbali kulowa mumtsinje wa mafunde (kuwolokera kunyanja) ndikuyamba kugudubuzika kuchokera mbali imodzi kupita kwina pamakona a madigiri 10 mpaka 2.5. Khalani pansi, gwirani msana wanu pamutu wokhazikika, ndipo tsekerani mabotolo agalasi osasunthika, katundu, ndi mipando nthawi yomweyo.
• Kutseka kwaukhondo ndi mpweya wabwino: Mphamvu zazikulu za hotelo zikakanika, zimbudzi zimathiridwa (Envirovac makina), zoziziritsa kuzizira, ndi ma uvuni amasiya kugwira ntchito. Ngati sitima ikadali yolumala kwa maola angapo kapena masiku kudikirira zombo zapanyanja:
  • Osatsuka zimbudzi za vacuum pamene kuthamanga kwa vacuum kutsika; ogwira ntchito adzagawa zikwama zonyansa zamtundu wa biohazard zonyansa za anthu.
  • Tsegulani zitseko za khonde (ngati nyengo ikuloleza ndipo kunja kulibe utsi) kuti mupange mpweya wabwino wachilengedwe, popeza zipinda zamkati zopanda mazenera zimatha kupitilira 35 digiri Seshasi (95 degrees Fahrenheit) mkati mwa maola ambiri m'malo otentha.
  • Kugawa madzi m'mabotolo koyambirira mpaka ogwira ntchito akhazikitse mizere yogawa madzi pamakwerero otseguka.

Nkhani 2: Kugundana, kuyika pansi, ndi mindandanda yazambiri¶

Chombo chonyamula anthu chikagunda pansi pamadzi, kugundana ndi ngalawa ina, kapena kung'ambika, madzi kulowa m'zipinda zosokonekera angapangitse sitimayo kuti igunde (mndandanda) kuti ifike padoko kapena pakukwera nyenyezi.

Kuyenda bwino mkati mwa sitima yopendekera¶

1. Valani nsapato zokhala ndi mphira nthawi yomweyo: Pansi pamiyala yopukutidwa ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali, malo onyowa a dziwe, ndi masitepe okhala ndi kapeti amakhala otsetsereka ngati sitima yandandanda ma digiri 12 opitilira. Osayenda opanda nsapato, ovala masokosi, kapena nsapato zazitali panthawi yadzidzidzi.
2. Chenjerani ndi mipando yowuluka ndi makina ochitira masewera: M'malo ochezera a anthu onse, m'malo osungiramo juga, mzipinda zodyeramo, ndi mashopu, piano, matebulo odyera, malo ochitiramo mipiringidzo, ndi makina ojambulira omwe amatuluka m'chipindamo ndi mphamvu yowononga kwambiri pagulu kapena mndandanda. Khalani m'makonde ang'onoang'ono kapena masitepe olimba m'malo mokhala ndi ma atrium otseguka.
3. Nyamulani jacket yopulumutsira pamanja mpaka mukafike ku Muster Station: Kukwera masitepe otsetsereka, odzaza ndi anthu mutavala jekete la thovu lolimba lolimba kumapangitsa kuti musayang'ane pansi (kumakulepheretsani kuwona masitepe apansi pa mapazi anu) ndikupangitsa anthu kuzembera pamapazi ndi mafelemu apazitseko. Nyamulani jacket yopulumutsira mwamphamvu m'dzanja limodzi mutagwira ndodo ndi inayo, ndipo muvale mukangofika pamalopo (kapena nthawi yomweyo ngati madzi akulowa m'sitima yanu).

Momwe mungakwerere sitima zopulumutsira: Maboti opulumutsa moyo motsutsana ndi Marine Evacuation Systems (MES)¶

Ngati Kaputeni apereka lamulo lapakamwa loti asiye sitima yapamadzi, ogwira nawo ntchito adzakulozerani ku imodzi mwazinthu ziwiri zazikulu zopulumukira:

• Maboti Opulumuka Okhazikika (Maboti Opulumutsa Moyo): Maboti amakono opulumutsa anthu amanyamula anthu 150 mpaka 370, ali ndi injini ya dizilo yamkati, amanyamula madzi oti apulumuke (malita 3 pa munthu aliyense) komanso zakudya zopatsa mphamvu zambiri, ndipo amatha kudzikonza okha ngati agubuduzika aliyense atamanga malamba ake okhala ndi nsonga zinayi. Yendani molunjika podutsa pakhomo pomwe ogwira ntchito akugwira manja anu, yendani mpaka pampando wakutali kwambiri kuti bwato likhale lokhazikika, khalani pansi nthawi yomweyo, ndikumanga lamba wanu wapampando wa davit usanatsitse bwato.
• Marine Evacuation System (MES) ndi Inflatable Liferafts: Ngati malo anu osungiramo zinthu akugwiritsa ntchito zofukiza zotsika (kapena ngati mndandanda wochulukirapo umalepheretsa mabwato opulumutsa a davit mbali imodzi kuti ayambike), ogwira nawo ntchito adzatumiza chinsalu chothamangira choyimirira kapena slide yowongoka yomwe imagwera papulatifomu yoyandama 50-yozungulira. zamoyo. Chotsani magalasi, zodzikongoletsera, ndi nsapato zazitali zidendene musanalowe mu chute kuti musaboole machubu a rabara omwe amatha kuphulika.

Nkhani 3: Kuyankha kwa Man Overboard (MOB) ndikupulumuka panyanja¶

Kugwa kuchokera m'sitima yapamadzi yoyenda kapena paboti kupita kunyanja yotseguka ndi imodzi mwazochitika zadzidzidzi zomwe zimafunikira nthawi yayitali pakufufuza ndi kupulumutsa panyanja. Sitima yapamadzi yoyenda pa 20 knots (makilomita 37 pa ola / 23 mailosi pa ola) imadutsa mamita opitilira 300 (mamita 1,000) masekondi 30 aliwonse ndipo imafunika pafupifupi 1 mpaka 2 kilomita (0.6 mpaka 1.2 miles) kuti ikwaniritse Williamson Turn kapena Scharnow Turn kuti mubwerere pamalopo.

flowchart TD
    Fall["Munthu amagwera m'madzi kuchokera ku Sitima ya Sitima kapena Balcony"] --> Witness{"Kodi Ndinu Mboni ya Pamsinjiro Kapena Munthu Wam'madzi?"}
    Witness -->|"Umboni pa Deck"| Shout["1. Fuulani MUNTHU MWANTHAWI YONSE ndikuloza Mosalekeza Ndi Dzanja Lotambasula"]
    Shout --> Ring["2. Ponyani mphete yapafupi kwambiri ya Lifebuoy + Utsi/Chizindikiro Chowala (Yesani Kutsikira, Osati Pamutu)"]
    Ring --> Phone["3. Khalani ndi Munthu Wachiwiri Woyitanira Sitima Yodzidzimutsa Emergency Phone ndi Dziwani Nthawi Yeniyeni + Sitimayo / Mbali"]
    Phone --> KeepEyes["4. Osayang'ana Kutali Mpaka Owona Mlatho Atsimikize Chotsekera Chowoneka pa Kusambira"]
    Witness -->|"Munthu Kugwa / M'madzi"| Entry["1. Dulani Mikono Pachifuwa, Tsinani Mphuno, Tsekani Akakolo Pamodzi Musanamenye Madzi"]
    Entry --> Clear["2. Sambani Mwamphamvu Kuchoka Ku Hull Nthawi Yomweyo Kuti Mupewe Kukokera M'mabowo Akumbuyo a Azipod"]
    Clear --> Float["3. Sambirani ku Lifebuoy/Smoke Marker; Gwiritsani Ntchito Zovala Zokwera Ngati Popanda Lifejacket"]
    Float --> Heat["4. Landirani Malo Othandizira (Mawondo Kuchifuwa) ndi Kuwaza Pokhapokha Boti Lopulumutsa kapena Helicopter Imayandikira"]

Zoyenera kuchita ngati muwona munthu akugwa m'madzi¶

1. ** Tsekani maso anu pa wosambirayo ndikuloza mosalekeza**: M'nyanja yamkuntho ya mamita 1.5 (mamita asanu), mutu wa munthu umasowa kuseri kwa mafunde mkati mwa masekondi. Osathawa njanji kuti mupeze membala wa ogwira nawo ntchito. Imani pa njanji, tambasulani mkono wanu molunjika kwa wosambirayo, ndipo fuulani "Man Overboard pa doko/starboard side" pamwamba pa mapapo anu mpaka okwera ena ndi ogwira nawo ntchito agwirizane nanu.
2. Ponyani mphete ya SOLAS lifebuoy ndi chikhomo: Mamita khumi ndi awiri aliwonse m'mbali mwa njanji zotseguka, sitima zapamadzi zimakwera mabuoy ozungulira alalanje olemera makilogramu 2.5 mpaka 4 (mapaundi 5.5 mpaka 8.8), nthawi zambiri amamangiriridwa ku nyali yoyaka yokha ya batri yozimitsa yokhayokha komanso utsi wandiweyani wa 15-MOB. Kokani buoy kuchokera ku bulaketi yake ndikuyiponya pamwamba pa njanji ngakhale wosambirayo ali kale mamita 100 kum'mawa. Imapatsa wosambirayo chandamale chosambira kuti azitha kusambira ndikuwonetsa njira yosunthika ya pamwamba pakali pano ya oyang'anira mlatho ndi ma helikoputala opulumutsa.
3. Osataya mipando yolemera m'madzi: Oyimilira ali ndi zolinga zabwino nthawi zina amaponya zipinda zamatabwa kapena matebulo m'madzi kuti osambira ayandame. Kugwa nkhuni ndi zitsulo kuchokera ku 20 metres kupita mmwamba kumatha kugunda ndikupha wosambira, ndipo mipando yoyandama imabalalika mozungulira, ndikusokoneza makamera a radar ndi ma infrared.
4. Nenani chidindo chanthawi yeniyeni ndi kanyumba/siteshoni ku Bridge Bridge: Woyimiliranso wina atenge foni yapafupi ndi nyumba yoyera ndikuyimba nambala yadzidzidzi ya sitimayo. Uzani Mlathowo miniti yeniyeni yomwe munthuyo adadutsa, kaya adagwa kuchokera padoko (kumanzere) kapena mbali ya starboard (kumanja), ndi zovala zamtundu wanji zomwe adavala. Sitima zapamadzi zamakono zimagwiritsa ntchito makamera otenthetsera omwe ali pamwamba pa anthu komanso mawonekedwe a CCTV ojambulidwa nthawi yomweyo kuti adziwe zenizeni zenizeni za GPS zomwe zatsala pang'ono kugwa mkati mwamasekondi.

Momwe mungapulumuke ngati mutagwa m'nyanja¶

1. Tetezani njira yanu yolowera mpweya ndi msana mukamagunda: Ngati mukugwa kuchokera padenga, kanikizani chibwano chanu mpaka pachifuwa chanu, tambasulani manja anu mwamphamvu pachifuwa chanu (mutagwira jekete lamoyo ngati mutavala), tsinani mphuno ndi dzanja limodzi, ndikuwoloka akakolo anu molimba kuti mulowe m'madzi mapazi-choyamba ngati pensulo.
2. Sambani kuchoka pamadzi nthawi yomweyo: Sitima yapamadzi yosuntha imachotsa matani masauzande ambiri amadzi. Pamene gawo lapakati limakudutsani, kuyamwa kwa hydrodynamic Bernoulli kumakokera madzi kumtunda kubwerera chakumbuyo komwe ma propellers akuluakulu kapena ma thrust a Azipod amakhala pansi pa kauntala. Nthawi yomwe mumayang'ana pambali pa chombocho, sambirani mwamphamvu pamtunda wa madigiri 90 kuchokera kumbali ya ngalawayo mpaka kumbuyo kwa ngalawa kukudutsani.
3. Pitirizani Kuyankha Mphindi 3 zoyambirira za Cold Shock Response: Ngati kutentha kwa madzi kuli pansi pa 15 digiri Celsius (59 degrees Fahrenheit), kumizidwa kumayambitsa mpweya wodzidzimutsa wotsatiridwa ndi mpweya wambiri komanso kuthamanga kwadzidzidzi kwa magazi. Kwa masekondi 60 mpaka 90 oyambirira, yang'anani kwambiri pakamwa panu pamwamba pa mafunde ndi kuchepetsa kupuma kwanu musanayese kusambira kulikonse.
4. Pezani zopangira moyo kapena muvuthire zovala zanu: Yang'anani m'mbuyo m'sitimamo kuti muone mphete yoyandama ya lalanje ya buoy lifebuoy, kuwala kwa strobe, kapena utsi walalanje, ndi kusambira mokhazikika molunjika komweko. Ngati palibe kuyandama komwe kunaponyedwa ndipo mulibe jekete lamoyo, sungani nsapato ndi zovala zanu (zosanjikiza zimatchera madzi ofunda pafupi ndi khungu lanu); sungani jekete la manja aatali kapena kumanga mfundo m'makhafu a thalauza ndikusesa pamutu panu kuti mutseke mpweya mkati ngati chikhodzodzo.
5. Sungani kutentha ndi mphamvu: Osayesa kusambira sitima yapamadzi ikanyamuka. Sitima yapamadzi yoyenda pamtunda wa 20 knots imasokonekera chakumapeto kwinaku ikutembenuka, ndipo kusambira movutikira kumatsitsa magazi ofunda m'mikono ndi m'miyendo mwanu, kufulumizitsa core hypothermia ndi 50 peresenti. Tembenukirani mu Kaimidwe Kochepetsako Kutentha (KUTHANDIZA) pokweza mawondo anu mpaka pachifuwa chanu ndikuwoloka mikono yanu pamwamba pa nthiti zanu. Mafunde okha ndi kuwaza madzi mmwamba mumlengalenga (kupopera koyera kumawonekera kwambiri kuchokera mlengalenga kuposa mkono wakuda wogwedezeka) mukaona ngalawa yopulumutsa mofulumira kapena helikopita ya Coast Guard ikusakasaka pafupi ndi inu.

Nkhani 4: Zadzidzidzi zachipatala za Shipboard, medevac ya helikoputala, komanso kukhazikika kwaokha¶

Sitima yapamadzi iliyonse yayikulu imakhala ndi malo azachipatala omwe amakhala maola 24 patsiku ndi asing'anga amodzi kapena atatu omwe ali ndi zilolezo komanso anamwino olembetsedwa atatu kapena asanu ndi mmodzi, okhala ndi zowunika zamtima, zoziziritsa kukhosi, makina opumira, makina a X-ray a digito, ndi ma labotale oyambira magazi. Komabe, chipatala cha shipboard ndi chipatala chokhazikika chadzidzidzi, osati chipatala cha opaleshoni. Ilibe chipinda chopangira opaleshoni yayikulu, labu yamtima ya catheterization ya ma stents, CT scanner ya sitiroko, kapena banki yamagazi chifukwa cha kukha magazi kwakukulu (ngakhale zombo zitha kuyambitsa kuwunika kwadzidzidzi kwa opereka chithandizo pakati pa okwera ndi ogwira nawo ntchito omwe akufananiza mtundu wa magazi anu muzowawa kwambiri).

Nthawi komanso momwe kuthamangitsidwa kwachipatala (Medevac) kumachitika¶

Ngati inu kapena mnzanu wapaulendo muli ndi zizindikiro za matenda a mtima, sitiroko, dissected aorta, appendicitis, kapena sepsis yoopsa panyanja, imbani nambala yachipatala ya sitimayo kuchokera pa foni iliyonse yam'nyumba nthawi yomweyo. Mphindi iliyonse yomwe imatayika ndikudikirira kuti muwone ngati kupweteka pachifuwa kapena kusamveka bwino kungathe kukankhira sitimayo kunja kwa ma helikoputala opulumutsa anthu am'mphepete mwa nyanja.

flowchart TD
    Onset["Mavuto Azachipatala Panyanja (Kuwawa kwa Chifuwa, Stroke, Trauma, Sepsis)"] --> Dial["Imbani Nambala Yadzidzidzi Yonyamula Sitima Pompopompo (24/7 Dokotala Wapabwalo)"]
    Dial --> Stabilize["Inboard Infirmary Imakhazikika Wodwala (IV, ECG, Thrombolytics, Intubation)"]
    Stabilize --> Consult["Sitima Yapamadzi + Captain Consult Telemedical Maritime Assistance Service (TMS / Coast Guard Flight Opaleshoni)"]
    Consult --> Range{"Utali Wa Chombo Kuchokera Pafupi Pafupi Nawo Catable Trauma Shore?"}
    Range -->|"Pakati pa 20 mpaka 50 Nautical Miles (37 mpaka 92 km)"| Boat["Sitima Imapatukira Kulowera Kudoko kwa High-Speed Coast Guard Lifeboat kapena Pilot Boat Transfer"]
    Range -->|"50 mpaka 250 Nautical Miles (92 mpaka 463 km)"| Helo["Kaputeni Amawongolera Mphepo; Helikopta ya Coast Guard Imapha Winch Hoist Kuchokera Kumtunda Wapamwamba"]
    Range -->|"Kupitilira 300 Nautical Miles (Mid-Ocean Crossing)"| Divert["Sitimayo Imawonjezera Liwiro Kulowera ku Helikopita Range kapena Kupatukira ku Near Island Airstrip ya Fixed-Wing Air Ambulance"]

1. **Kukambirana kwa Telemedical Maritime Assistance Service (TMAS) **: Dokotala wa sitimayo akakhazikitsa bata, Captain ndi dokotala amakhazikitsa satellite yolumikizana ndi opaleshoni yapanyanja yapanyanja (monga US Coast Guard, UK HM Coastguard, kapena malo apadziko lonse a TMAS) kuti adziwe ngati wodwalayo akufunika kukwera kwapakatikati panyanja kapena pafupi ndi doko la ndege la helicopter.
2. ** Kukonzekera zikalata za wodwalayo pamaso pa kukwera kwa helikopita **: Pamene asilikali kapena asilikali alonda ndege yopulumutsira m'mphepete mwa nyanja ikuyendetsa kukwera kwa winchi kuchokera ku uta wa sitimayo kapena pamwamba pa dzuwa, kulemera ndi malo a kanyumba mkati mwa ndege ndizoletsedwa kwambiri. M'ma helikopita ambiri medevacs, **ngakhale mwamuna kapena mkazi kapena kholo saloledwa kukwera mkati mwa helikopita yopulumutsa ** ngati ndege ili pafupi ndi mafuta ambiri kapena kunyamula osambira awiri opulumutsa ndi mankhwala othawa. Machira asanayambe kuchoka kuchipatala cha sitimayo, onetsetsani kuti thumba la zip-top lopanda madzi limamatidwa motetezeka pachifuwa cha wodwalayo kapena machira omwe ali ndi:
   • Pasipoti yathupi* ya wodwalayo (musalole kuti wodwala atengedwe ndi ndege kupita ku chipatala chakunja popanda pasipoti).
   • Dokotala wa sitimayo adasindikizidwa **chidule chosinthira kuchipatala, mizere ya ECG, ndi chipika choyang'anira mankhwala **.
   • Makhadi a kirediti kadi, manambala a inshuwaransi yaulendo wakuchipatala, ndi manambala a foni a mnzawo omwe akuyenda nawo omwe adasiyidwa m'bwalo ndi wachibale wapanyumba.
   • Khadi lolumikizana laulendo wapaulendo ** Port Agent ** mumzinda womwe mukupita komwe ndege ya helikopita ikufika, yemwe angathandizire banja lawo akatsika padoko lotsatira kuti akakumanenso ndi wodwalayo.

Kupulumuka m'matumbo a sitima yapamadzi (Norovirus) kapena kupuma¶

Zombo zapamadzi zotsekeka pang'ono zimakhala pachiwopsezo chotenga kachilombo koyambitsa matenda aacute gastroenteritis (kawirikawiri norovirus) ndi ma virus opuma.

• Chifukwa chiyani sanitizer ya m'manja yokhayo siyiletsa norovirus: Norovirus ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda komwe kamakhala ndi capsid yolimba ya protein yomwe imalimbana ndi ma gels am'manja amowa. Nthawi zonse mukabwerera kuchipinda chanu kapena kulowa m'chipinda chodyera, sambani m'manja mwamphamvu ndi **sopo ndi madzi ofunda oyenda kwa masekondi 20 **, ndipo gwiritsani ntchito chopukutira kuti mutsegule zitseko zachimbudzi cha anthu potuluka.
• **Pewani ziwiya zodyeramo zomwe zimagawana nawo pakabuka mliri **: Ngati sitimayo ilowa m'malo osungira zinthu zaukhondo (nthawi zambiri zimayambika pomwe 2 peresenti kapena kupitilira apo akuwonetsa kuti ali ndi vuto la m'mimba), ogwira nawo ntchito adzalandira chakudya chonse pazakudya. Idyani zakudya zotentha, zophikidwa kumene komanso kumwa madzi a m’mabotolo omata.
• Nenani kusanza kwakukulu kapena kutaya madzi m'thupi msanga: Ngati simungathe kusunga madzi kwa maola oposa 12, kusonyeza zizindikiro za chizungulire mutayima, kapena muli ndi matenda a impso kapena mtima, lipoti ku shipboard Medical Center for oral rehydration salt (ORS) kapena kulowetsedwa m'mitsempha ndi antiemetics. Pansi pa mapulogalamu apadziko lonse a ukhondo wapamadzi (monga US CDC Vessel Sanitation Programme), okwera omwe amapezeka ndi matenda opatsirana amtundu wa acute gastroenteritis nthawi zambiri amakhala kwaokha kwakanthawi mpaka maola 24 mpaka 48 pambuyo pomaliza kusanza kapena kutsekula m'mimba kuti atetezere ngalawa yonse.

Nkhani 5: Madera omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu, ziwopsezo za achifwamba, komanso ziwawa zapamsewu¶

Ngakhale kuti ndizosowa pamayendedwe amtundu wa Caribbean, Mediterranean, kapena Alaska, kukonzanso maulendo apanyanja ndi maulendo apadziko lonse nthawi zina amadutsa pamadzi omwe ali ndi ziwopsezo zachitetezo chapanyanja (monga Bab-el-Mandeb Strait, Gulf of Aden, kapena Gulf of Guinea), ndipo milandu yayikulu imatha kuchitika m'zombo zomwe zikugwira ntchito m'madzi akunja kwa apolisi am'deralo.

Kuwopseza kwa ma pirate kapena ma protocol akunja akunyanja¶

Ngati Captain alengeza chenjezo lachitetezo cha panyanja kapena chiwopsezo chakunja kuchokera ku ma skiff ang'onoang'ono othamanga kwambiri:

1. **Chokani nthawi yomweyo kuchokera pamakonde akunja ndi makhonde kulowa munjira zamkati **: Moto wa zida zazing'ono ndi mabomba opangidwa ndi roketi amalunjika pamlatho wolowera ndi mazenera akunja. Osayima pakhonde kapena kuyang'ana pobowo kuti mujambule zombo zomwe zikuyandikira.
2. Khalani pansi mukhonde lamkati pakati pa makoma a stateroom: Kuyika zigawo ziwiri za zitsulo zamagulu azitsulo pakati panu ndi kunja kumapereka chitetezo chokulirapo ku moto wa zida zazing'ono.
3. Samalirani malamulo oletsa kuzimitsa moto usiku: Poyenda pamadzi owopsa kwambiri usiku, Captain atha kuyitanitsa kuzimitsa kunja kwa sitimayo. Sungani makatani a stateroom atatsekedwa kwathunthu, zimitsani magetsi a pakhonde, ndipo musagwiritse ntchito tochi kapena zowunikira za kamera pazipinda zakunja.

Kupereka lipoti lachiwawa, kugwiriridwa, kapena osowa panyanja¶

Sitima yapamadzi m'madzi apadziko lonse lapansi imagwira ntchito movomerezeka ndi Flag State (nthawi zambiri Bahamas, Panama, Malta, Bermuda, kapena Italy), limodzi ndi gawo lakunja la dziko lakwawo kapena wolakwirayo (mwachitsanzo, US Federal Bureau of Investigation ili ndi malamulo oyendetsera chitetezo ** 2010** pa milandu ikuluikulu yokhudza nzika zaku US zomwe zidakwera kapena kutsika ku United States).

1. Musamangodalira chitetezo chamakampani oyendetsa sitima zapamadzi pofufuza milandu: Ngati inu kapena wachibale wanu mwachitiridwa nkhanza, kugwiriridwa, kapena kuganiziridwa kuti mwamwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kapena ngati mnzanu wapaulendo atasowa m'ngalawamo, funsani kuti Captain afotokoze zomwe zinachitikazo kudzera pa satellite kwa **pafupi ndi Coast Coast Guard ndi bungwe lazamalamulo ladziko lonse, bungwe la Royal Cadian F, UK monga National Criminal Agency Apolisi Okwera) komanso apolisi omwe ali padoko lotsatira.
2. Sungani umboni wazachipatala: Ngati mukuganiziridwa kuti mwagwiriridwa kapena kumwa mowa mwauchidakwa, musasambe, kuchapa zovala, kapena kulola oyang'anira m'nyumba kuti aziyeretsa chipindacho. Pansi pa US Cruise Vessel Security and Safety Act komanso malangizo azachipatala apanyanja apadziko lonse lapansi, zombo zapamadzi zimafunika kunyamula zida zosonkhanitsira umboni wogwiriridwa (zida zogwiririra)** ndipo zili ndi akatswiri azachipatala ophunzitsidwa kuti atole umboni wazamalamulo ndi zitsanzo zamagazi / mkodzo wokhala ndi chitetezo chosasweka.
3. **Lumikizanani ndi ofesi ya kazembe wakudziko lanu komwe mudzayimbirenso foni **: Gwiritsani ntchito satellite Wi-Fi kapena matelefoni a sitimayo kuti mulumikizane thandizo la kazembe ndi konsola m'dziko lomwe sitimayo idzafika padoko kotero kuti wapolisi ndi ofufuza odziyimira pawokha am'deralo athe kukumana ndi sitimayo pamalo opatsirana umboni usanataye kapena sitimayo isanachoke.

Mndandanda wa chitetezo cha cabin cabin isananyamuke¶

Malizitsani izi zokonzekera sitima yanu isanayimitse mizere yake:

• Muli ndi katundu wamasiku 7 mpaka 14 wamankhwala ofunikira kwambiri m'chikwama chanu (osati m'chikwama chosiyidwa chosiyidwa ndi onyamula madoko) ngati mutakhala kwaokha kapena kuchedwa kwaulendo.
• Ndinagula inshuwaransi yodzipereka yazachipatala ndi yapanyanja yopereka ndalama zosachepera 100,000 US dollars (kapena yuro/pounds yofanana) posamutsira anthu mwadzidzidzi ndi kubweza kwawo.
• Ikani tochi yaing'ono yosalowa madzi kapena nyali yakumutu pa choyikapo usiku pafupi ndi bedi lanu ngati magetsi azima usiku.
• Ndidatsimikizira komwe kuli Muster Station yanu, ndikuyenda masitepe awiri osiyana kuti mukafike, ndikuwerengera zitseko za kanyumba pakati pa chipinda chanu ndi masitepe.
• Onani kuti jekete zopulumutsira anthu akuluakulu, mwana, ndi makanda m'nyumba mwanu zikufanana ndi nambala yeniyeni ndi kulemera kwa thupi la aliyense amene akugona m'chipindamo.
• Ndasunga nambala yolumikizirana mwadzidzidzi ya ofesi ya kazembe wa dziko lanu pamalo aliwonse oimbira akunja mufoni yanu komanso pakhadi losindikizidwa.

Mafunso omwe amafunsidwa pafupipafupi¶

Magwero afufuzidwa¶

• International Maritime Organization (IMO, United Nations): * Msonkhano Wapadziko Lonse wa Chitetezo cha Moyo pa Nyanja (SOLAS), Mutu Wachitatu: Zida Zopulumutsa Moyo ndi Zokonzekera, ndi Njira Zoyendetsa Sitima za Muster / Kusiya *.
• United States Coast Guard (USCG, United States): Zowonjezera Zosaka ndi Kupulumutsa Panyanja, Ma Protocol a Helicopter Medevac Hoist, ndi Maupangiri a Chitetezo pa Zombo Zapanyanja.
• Maritime and Coastguard Agency (MCA, United Kingdom): Kupulumuka pa Nyanja, Cold Water Shock Physiology, ndi Passenger Safety on Seagoing Vessels.
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, United States): *Vessel Sanitation Programme (VSP) Operations Manual and Outbreak Prevention Guide for Cruise Ships *.
• American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP, United States): Malangizo Osamalira Zaumoyo pa Cruise Ship Medical Facilities.
• Federal Bureau of Investigation ndi U.S. Department of Transportation (FBI/DOT, United States): Cruise Vessel Security and Safety Act (CVSSA) Crime Reporting and Forensic Evidence Preservation Standards.

Maupangiri ogwirizana¶

• Ngozi zapamadzi
• Zadzidzidzi zachipatala ndikusamutsira kunja
• Pasipoti kapena zikalata zoyendera zotayika
• Thandizo la kazembe ndi kazembe