Santa Ana, Diablo, ne Downslope Mframa a Ɛbɔ: Ember Ahum ne Kar a Ɛyɛ Fɛ¶

Mframa a ɛbɔ wɔ mmepɔw a ɛwɔ fam, a wɔfrɛ no wɔ ɔmantam mu sɛ Santa Ana ne Diablo mframa wɔ California, Chinook mframa a ɛbɔ wɔ Rocky Mmepɔw apuei fam mmepɔw so wɔ Canada ne United States, Wasatch ne East Canyon mframa wɔ Utah ne Oregon, Foehn mframa a ɛbɔ wɔ Europa Alps mmepɔw so, Zonda mframa wɔ Andes, ne Berg mframa wɔ South Africa, yɛ wim nsuten a ɛyɛ basabasa, a tumi a ɛtwe ade ba fam na ɛde kɔ mmepɔw no fã a mframa bɔ kɛse no mu ahoɔhare a ɛyɛ kilomita 80 kosi 160 dɔnhwerew biara (akwansin 50 kosi 100 dɔnhwerew biara) a mframa a ano yɛ den boro kilomita 200 dɔnhwerew biara (akwansin 125 dɔnhwerew biara).

Bere a saa mframa yi sian fi asasetaw a ɛkorɔn so sian mita mpempem pii kɔ mpoano anaa asasetaw so no, adiabatic compression ma mframa no yɛ hyew \(10^\circ\text{C}\) wɔ mita 1,000 biara a ɛsiane (\(5.5^\circ\text{F}\) wɔ anammɔn 1,000 biara mu) bere a ɛma nsu a ɛyɛ hyew no so tew kodu ɔha biara mu nkyem 2 kosi 10. Eyi de nkwa ahobammɔ ho haw abiɛsa ba: ahum a ɛbɔ ogyaframa a ɛkɔ soro a ɛhyew afie mpempem pii a ɛwɔ wuram ogya ogyaframa ankasa anim, mframa a ɛbɔ mpofirim a ɛfa lɔre fã, RV, ne kar a wɔde fa nnipa ho, ne **Ɔmanfo Ahobammɔ Tumi a Wɔde Tow (PSPS) a ɛtrɛw ne anyinam ahoɔden nhama a ɛwɔ ahoɔden kɛse a ɛkɔ fam **. Saa akwankyerɛ yi de ahobammɔ ho nhyehyɛe a wobetumi de adi dwuma a United States Ɔman Wim Tebea Dwumadibea (NWS), Insurance Asoɛe a Ɛhwɛ Adwumayɛ ne Ofie Ahobammɔ So (IBHS), California Kwae ne Ogya Ho Banbɔ Dwumadibea (CAL FIRE), Ɔman Ɔkwan Kɛse so Dwumadibea (FHWA), ne Atwa Yɛn Ho Ahyia ne Wim Tebea Nsakrae Canada (ECCC) agye atom ma. Sɛ wopɛ wuram ogya a wɔde fi nnipa mu nyinaa a, kenkan yɛn wuram ogya ho akwankyerɛ; sɛ aprannaa mframa a ɛbɔ a, kenkan derecho, mframa a ɛkɔ tẽẽ, ne microburst nkwagye.

Yɛ eyi mprempren¶

1. Ma wo fie "Zone 0" (mita 0 kosi 1.5 a edi kan [anammɔn 0 kosi 5] atwa w'afasu ho ahyia) no den ansa na mframa no abɔ. Nantew twa wo fie akyi ho hyia mprempren ara: fa patio cushions, coco-fiber doormats, wicker nkongua, ogya nnua a wɔaboaboa ano, plastic nwura kotoku, ne nhaban a ayow nyinaa tu anyɛ yiye koraa no mita 10 (33 anammɔn) fi ɔdan no ho**, to mfɛnsere, wim kanea, ne kar dan pon biara mu denneennen, na popa pine nnade fi ɔdan atifi bon ne nsu a ɛkɔ nsu mu mu.
2. Twa wo anyinam ahoɔden afiri a wɔde bue kar dan mu a ɛyɛ adwuma no mu na twe hama kɔkɔɔ a wɔde nsa gyae no ANSA na anyinam ahoɔden no adum. Wɔ Santa Ana ne Diablo mframa a ano yɛ den mu no, nnwumakuw a wɔde anyinam ahoɔden di dwuma no taa yɛ Ɔmanfo Ahobammɔ Tumi a Wɔde Tow (PSPS) anaasɛ nkorabata a ɛtu no twa anyinam ahoɔden nhama bere a brɔs ogya a ɛretu ntɛmntɛm afi ase no ara pɛ. Sɛ wunnim sɛnea wode nsa bebue wo kar dan pon a emu yɛ duru no wɔ sum mu a, wo kar no bɛkɔda kar dan no mu wɔ simma 10 mfɛnsere a wode bɛtu afi hɔ no mu.
3. Fa wo kar titiriw a wode tu kɔ baabi foforo no si abɔnten wɔ kar kwan a ɛhwɛ abɔnten so a wɔabobɔw mfɛnsere no, safe wɔ wo nipadua so, ne go-bags a wɔde ahyɛ mu. Mfa kar nsi eucalyptus, pine, anaa oak nnua akɛse ase da bere a mframa a ɛrebɔ a ɛkɔ fam no, na ma wo kar no dan mu mframa nhyehyɛe no nhyɛ Recirculate sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a ogyaframa ne wusiw a ɛretu no rentumi nnom nkɔ dashboard mframa a wɔde fa mu.
4. Sɛ woreka kar a ɛkorɔn (lɔre fã, adaka lɔre, camper van, RV, fifth-wheel, boat trailer, anaa SUV a ɛwɔ ɔdan atifi adaka) a, MMFA mmepɔw so akwan anaa abon ano mu bere a Mframa Kɛse Kɔkɔbɔ reba. Sɛ mframa a ɛbɔ boro kilomita 80 kosi 100 dɔnhwerew biara (akwansin 50 kosi 62 dɔnhwerew biara), aerodynamic side-force ne lift tip trailers ne campers a hwee nni mu anaasɛ wɔde nneɛma kakraa bi ahyɛ mu no kɔ wɔn nkyɛn wɔ nea ennu sikɔne abien mu. Fi ɔkwan kɛse no so na fa kar si lɔre gyinabea anaa beae a wɔabɔ so a ɛkyerɛ mframa no tẽẽ (hwene kɔ mframa mu) akyirikyiri fi nnua ne anyinam ahoɔden nhama ho kosi sɛ mframa a ano yɛ den bɛtɔ.
5. Anyɛ yiye koraa no, tra mita 10 (anammɔn 33) fi waya biara a ahwe ase, transformer a ɛrehyew, anaa dade ban a ahwe ase bere a mframa a ɛrebɔ no rebɔ. Mframa a ɛbɔ wɔ abon mu a ahoɔden wom no bɔ nhama a ɛma ahoɔden a ɛwɔ ahoɔden kɛse a ɛkyekyɛ nneɛma bom (conductor slap) anaasɛ ɛtow nhama a ɛwɔ ahoɔden 12,000 a ɛte ase gu sare a ayow ne ban a wɔde nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn abɔ so. Fa waya biara a ahwe ase sɛ ɛte ase na edi awu, frɛ wo mpɔtam hɔ nɔma a egye ntɛmpɛ (911 wɔ United States ne Canada, 112 wɔ Europa Aman Nkabom no nyinaa mu, 999 wɔ United Kingdom, anaa hwɛ ne nyinaa nɔma ahorow a egye ntɛmpɛ), na di yɛn akyi anyinam ahoɔden nhama a wɔahwe ase no akwankyerɛ.
6. Sɛ ogya ahum a ember na ɛde ba a ɔkwan biara nni hɔ a wobɛfa so aguan akɔto wo kar mu a, fa guankɔbea wɔ beaeɛ a wɔaprapra mu, baabi kɛseɛ a wɔde kar sisi, anaa ɔdan a wɔde aboɔ/kɔnkrit ayɛ mu, MMA DA wɔ canyon kwan teateaa a wɔde brɔs ayɛ so. Kenkan nkwagyeɛ anammɔn a ɛwɔ Ɔfa 5 a ɛwɔ aseɛ ha ne yɛn wuram ogya ho akwankyerɛ.

Mframa a ɛbɔ a ɛkɔ fam ne ember-cast ntɛmpɛ gyinaesi flowchart¶

Fa saa triage chart yi di dwuma bere a wɔde Mframa a Ɛkorɔn Kɔkɔbɔ, Frɛmfrɛ Kɔkɔbɔ Kɔkɔbɔ, anaa Tebea a Ɛyɛ Asiane Titiriw (PDS) Frɛmfrɛ Kɔkɔbɔ Kɔkɔbɔ ama mmepɔw so mframa a ɛkɔ fam no.

flowchart TD
    Start["Mframa a ɛbɔ wɔ fam:<br/>Santa Ana, Diablo, Chinook, anaa Foehn Mframa<br/>Ɛkɔ so 60-110 km/h (37-70 mph), Ahum a ɛbɔ 130-180 km/h (80-112 mph)"] --> Context{"Dɛn ne wo<br/>asiane tebea a ɛwɔ hɔ ntɛm ara?"}

    Context -->|"1. WƆ OFIE BI A ƐWƆ WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE<br/>Frankaa Kɔkɔɔ Kɔkɔbɔ + Mframa a Ɛreforo Wusiw / Ember Cast"| EmberHome["EMBER-STORM FIE HO NSƐM & NKYEKYƐMU:<br/>1. San kar kɔ kar kwan a ɛhwɛ abɔnten so; twe garage manual release<br/>2. Clear 1.5 m (5 ft) Zone 0: Yi apon ano ntama, ntama, nwura kotoku, nnua<br/>3. To mfɛnsere, afieboa apon, ogya dan mu dampers, ne HVAC mframa pa a wɔde fa mu nyinaa mu<br/>4. Fa 100% cotton/wool nsa tenten, aboa nhoma mpaboa, ne goggles<br/>5. Tu fi hɔ Ntɛm ara bere a wɔahyɛ anaasɛ sɛ ogyaframa fi ase si fam wɔ gyaade no a"]

    Context -->|"2. KARKA A WƆKA WƆ HIGHWAY ANAA CANYON PASS<br/>Mframa a Ɛyɛ Den / Mfutuma / Nneɛma a Ɛbɔ"| HighwayWind{"Kar<br/> bɛn na woreka?"}

    HighwayWind -->|"Kar a Ɛkorɔn:<br/>RV, Camper, Trailer, Box Truck,<br/>Van, anaa Semi-Trailer a Da mpan"| HighProfile["ROLOVER A ƐYƐ AHYƐDEƐ A ƐKƆ SO AKWANKYERƐ:<br/>1. MMFA kar ntwam ntwam wɔ canyon ano anaa abɔnten so abɔnten so wɔ ahum a ɛbɔ >= 80 km/h (50 mph)<br/>2. Twe fi baabi a edi hɔ a wobɛfiri adi/ahomegyeɛ ANSA na wobɛhyɛn mframa kwan so<br/>3. Park de ne nsa kyerɛɛ INTO THE WIND (hwene kɔɔ mframa mu) sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a ɔrensi side-tip<br/>4. Chock wheels, set parking brake, twe wo ho fi nnua & power poles ho"]

    HighwayWind -->|"Standard Akwantufo Kar / SUV"| LowProfile["AKWANTUO KAR Mframa NYAE:<br/>1. Fa wo nsa abien no nyinaa kura stia no mu dɔnhwerew 9 ne 3<br/>2. Fa brɛoo 20-30 km/h (15-20 mph); da sɛ wobɛtwam lɔre a ɛwosow<br/>3. Hwɛ kwan sɛ mframa a ano yɛ den bɛbɔ mpofirim a ebefi abɔntenban, akwan, anaa abotan a wɔatwa mu"]

    Context -->|"3. POWER GRID SHUTOFF (PSPS) ANAA DOWNED WIRE<br/>Sparking Lines anaasɛ Nna pii a Ɛtwa"| GridHazard["ELECTRICAL & PSPS AHOHYEƐ:<br/>1. Tena >= 10 m (33 ft) fi nhama a ahwe ase & dade ban; frɛ 911/112/999<br/>2. Fa generators a wotumi fa so >= 6 m (20 ft) tu mmirika wɔ abɔnten wɔ dɔte/kɔnkrit a ɛda hɔ kwa so<br/>3. Mfa generator muffler a ɛyɛ hyew nsi sare a ayow ho da wɔ mframa a ɛbɔ kilomita 80/h mu"]

Wim tebea a ɛfa mframa a ɛbɔ a ɛkɔ fam ho: Nea enti a mframa tu ntɛmntɛm sian mmepɔw so¶

Mframa a ɛbɔ wɔ fam no nyɛ wim tebea a ɛyɛ mmerɛw. Wɔba bere a asase mu nhyɛso kɛse dome a ɛyɛ den si dan wɔ asasetaw a ɛkorɔn a ɛwɔ mfinimfini (te sɛ Great Basin of Nevada ne Utah, Canada Rocky Mountain asasetaw, anaa Alps mmepɔw no anafo fam) bere a nhyɛso a ɛba fam abura a emu dɔ te mpoano anaasɛ asasetaw a mframa bɔ kɛse no so.

1. Canyon Venturi ahoɔhare ne nsu a wɔde huruw (Mountain Waves) .¶

Bere a wɔhyɛ asase mu mframa a ɛyɛ den no ma ɛkɔ soro na ɛfa bepɔw so akwanside bi so na ɛhwie gu fam wɔ ɔkwan a ɛso yɛ toro a ɛkɔ mframa mu kɔ po so no, mfiri abien a ɛma nsu tumi yɛ adwuma no ma ne tumi a ɛsɛe ade no dɔɔso: - Gap and canyon constriction (Venturi effect): Sɛ mframa piapia mmepɔw so akwan teateaa ne mpoano abon (te sɛ Cajon Pass, Santa Ana Canyon, Malibu canyons, Banning Pass, Feather River Canyon, anaa Crowsnest Pass wɔ Alberta) a, mass a wɔkora so no hyɛ mframa no ma ɛyɛ ntɛmntɛm kɛse, te sɛ nea wɔbɔ turo mu ɔpɔnkɔ no ano pɛpɛɛpɛ. - Breaking atmospheric mountain waves (Downslope Hydraulic Jump): Wɔ wim layering a ɛyɛ den a ɛbɛn bepɔw no atifi ase no, tumi a ɛtwe mframa no twe mframa no kɔ fam kɔ lee asorɔkye a egyina hɔ mu a ɛkɔ fam tẽẽ kɔ nkoko ase wɔ 120 kosi 200 kilomita dɔnhwerew biara (akwansin 75 kosi 125 dɔnhwerew biara) ansa na asan akɔ soro wɔ a turbulent hydraulic jump anaa rotor wɔ mmepɔw no ase. Eyi nti na mpɔtam mũ bi a ɛwɔ ɔtare bi ano betumi ama wɔatetew adan atifi na wɔayi asphalt shingles bere a kurow a ɛwɔ akyirikyiri kilomita 8 (akwansin 5) wɔ asasetaw a ɛyɛ petee no so no, mframa a ano yɛ den nkutoo na ɛbɔ no.

2. Adiabatic ɔhyew ne 5% Relative Humidity desiccation afiri no¶

Bere a mframa kɔ fam kɔ mmeae a ɛba fam a wim nhyɛso yɛ kɛse no, mframa a wɔde ahyɛ mu no mia. Ɛdenam Ɔhyew ho Mmara a Edi Kan no so no, sɛ wɔmia mframa bi a wɔmfa ɔhyew nka ho anaasɛ wonyi mfi mu (dry adiabatic compression) a, ɛma ne hyew kɔ soro \(9.8^\circ\text{C}\) wɔ mita 1,000 biara mu (\(5.4^\circ\text{F}\) wɔ anammɔn 1,000 biara mu) a ɛsiane gyina hɔ: - Mframa a efi ase wɔ \(5^\circ\text{C}\) (\(41^\circ\text{F}\)) a ɛyɛ nwini wɔ asasetaw a ne tenten yɛ mita 2,000 (anammɔn 6,500) so no du mpoano wɔ \(25^\circ\text{C}\) (\(77^\circ\text{F}\)) wɔ awɔw bere mu anaa \(40^\circ\text{C}\) (\(104^\circ\text{F}\)) wɔ osutɔbere mu. - Esiane sɛ mframa a ɛyɛ hyew tumi kura nsu a ɛyɛ hyew pii sen mframa a ɛyɛ nwini nti, sɛ wɔma saa anhweatam a ɛso yɛ kusuu anaa asasepɔn so mframa dodow no yɛ hyew a, ɛma ne nsu a ɛyɛ nwini (RH) no kɔ fam kodu 2% kosi 8%. - Wɔ ** nnɔnhwerew 3 kosi 6** akyi bere a mframa a ɛkɔ fam fi ase no, ɛkame ayɛ sɛ pɛtro a awu pa (sare a ayow, pine nnade, chaparral nkorabata, ne nnua a ɛwosow) hwere emu nsu nyinaa, na ɛkɔ dɔnhwerew 10 pɛtro mu nsu dodow a ɛba fam sen ɔha biara mu nkyem 2 kosi 3, baabi a ogyaframa ketewaa biako a efi kar a wɔde fa nnipa nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn a ɛretwe, lawnmower blade, . anaasɛ anyinam ahoɔden nhama a wɔbɔ no ma ogya a ɛpae a wontumi nsiw ano.

Mframa akɛse a ɛbɔ a ɛkɔ fam wɔ wiase nyinaa a wɔde toto ho wɔ mpɔtam hɔ¶

Fa saa nkyerɛkyerɛmu pon yi te mmere mu bere, mframa su, ne asiane atitiriw a ɛwɔ wiase nyinaa mframa a ɛkɔ fam nniso atitiriw mu no ase.

Sɛnea wobɛbɔ wo fie ho ban afi ahum a ember-cast ("Ember Blizzard") ho .¶

Atoyerɛnkyɛm akyi asɛnnibea nhwehwɛmu a Insurance Institute for Business and Home Safety (IBHS), National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), ne CAL FIRE yɛe wɔ mframa mu ogya akɛse a ɛtɔe (te sɛ Camp Fire, Woolsey Fire, Tubbs Fire, Marshall Fire, ne Lahaina Fire) akyi no daa no adi sɛ ɛyɛ nokware a egye nkwa: Wildfires driven by Mframa a ɛbɔ a ɛkɔ fam kilomita 100 dɔnhwerew biara (akwansin 62 dɔnhwerew biara) taa huruw fa sare a ɛyɛ ahabammono, asuguarebea, ne kɔnkrit akwan a ɛwɔ akwan 10 so pɛɛ kɔhyew nkyekyɛmu nketewa no nyinaa fi mu kɔ akyi denam ogyaframa a ɛretu so.

Sɛ ofie biako mu ogya fi ogyaframa mu a, saa ofie a ɛredɛw no bɛyɛ ɔhyew ne ogyaframa a ɛhyerɛn wɔ ɔdan no mu a ɛhyew ofie biara a ɛbɛn hɔ a ɛwɔ mita 10 kosi 15 (anammɔn 33 kosi 50) mu. Sɛ wowɔ simma 30 kosi 60 ansa na ogya a mframa de ba abɛn (anaasɛ bere a wɔde Kɔkɔbɔ a Wɔde Frɛmfrɛ Kɔkɔɔ ama) a, wie IBHS Ember-Hardening Sequence yi:

1. Tow mmeae anum a wɔde hyɛn mu a ogyaframa hyɛn ofie bi mu no ano¶

Wɔ mframa a ɛbɔ kilomita 100/h (mph 62) mu no, wɔde nnua a ɛrehyew ɔpepem pii, pine nnua, ne nnua a ɛyɛ hyew a ne kɛse te sɛ aburow aba ma ɛyɛ golf bɔɔl no kɔ soro te sɛ asukɔtweaa kɔ wo fie akyi: 1. Attic, gable, ne crawlspace vents: Flying embers fa standard 6-millimeter (0.25-inch) hardware cloth mesh mu tẽẽ na ɛkɔ fam wɔ cardboard storage boxes a mfutuma wom ne cellulose insulation so wɔ wo attic a ɛyɛ sum no mu, na ɛhyew ofie no fi ɔdan atifi kɔ mu ansa na obiara a ɔwɔ abɔnten ahu wusiw. - Daa nkɔsoɔ: Fa 3-millimeter (0.125-inch / ⅛-inch) a ɛnyɛ hyew a ɛko tia dadeɛ waya afiri kata abɔnten mframa nyinaa so anaasɛ fa ASTM E2886 ember-and-flame-resistant baffled vents hyehyɛ mu. - Emergency 10-simma pre-evacuation fix: Sɛ ogya bi retu mframa mprempren na wowɔ dedaw wide-mesh vents, staple, tape, anaa wedge heavy-duty aluminum foil, metal sheet flashing, anaasɛ wet mineral wool batts wɔ mu anaa akyi gable ne crawlspace vents ansa na woatu fie sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a embers rentumi nkɔ mu bere a Nnɔnhwerew 2 ogya kwan. 2. Wɔ kar dan apon ne abɔnten apon ase: Mframa a ano yɛ den dannan dade anaa nnua apon a ɛtrɛw kɔ mu sentimita 1 kosi 3 (nsateakwaa 0.4 kosi 1.2) wɔ ase ntwea so ne nkyɛnkyɛn akwan no so, na ɛma wonya baabi a wɔde mframa gu mu a ɛtwe ogyaframa a ɛrehuruhuruw kɔ kar dan mu nneɛma a ɛyɛ basabasa, paint nkotoku, ne mfiri a wɔde twa sare so tẽẽ. To kar dan apon mu denneennen, hwɛ sɛ rɔba a ɛwɔ ase wim tebea no nsɛee, na fa kotoku mpopaho anaa anhwea nkotoku a ɛyɛ nsu gu ase kwan biara a wotumi hu ho ansa na woatu afi hɔ. 3. Adan atifi a wɔabue, nnomaa gyinabea, ne dɔte a wɔde toa ayɛ a wɔde ayɛ ɔdan atifi nnua: Embers kɔhyɛ mmeae a ɛda hɔ mu wɔ Spainfo toa nnua ase anaasɛ ɔdan atifi bon a nhaban a ayow ahyɛ mu ma mu. Popa ɔdan atifi bon ne dade nsukorabea ahorow no ho tew koraa ansa na mframa bere adu, na fa atɛkyɛ anaa dade a wɔde to mu no hyɛ tile a wɔabue ano ("nnomaa gyinabea") mu. 4. Mfɛnsere ne wim ahwehwɛ: Ahwehwɛ a ɛwɔ afã biako no bubu wɔ simma 1 kosi 3 mu bere a wɔde ɔhyew a ɛhyerɛn fi ban anaa kwae a ɛrehyew wɔ abɔnten mu ba no, na ɛma ogyaframa a ɛyɛ hu kɔ mpa no mu. To mfɛnsere a wɔde ahwehwɛ a wɔde ahyɛ mu a ɛwɔ afã abien nyinaa mu, yi fiberglass abɔnten mfɛnsere a wɔde akata so (a ɛyɛ nwene na ɛkyere ogyaframa), na to mu dade a entumi hyew anaasɛ roller blinds a emu yɛ duru mu na ama ɔhyew a ɛhyerɛn asiw ntama ne mpa a ɛrehyew wɔ dan no mu no ano. 5. Ayɛmma apon, dryer vents, ne chimney flues: To plastic pet apon a ɛtwetwe nyinaa mu den, hwɛ sɛ wo abɔnten dade dryer vent flap no to mu petee, na to wo dan mu ogya dan mu flue damper no mu koraa.

2. Yi "Zone 0" (mita 0 kosi 1.5 / anammɔn 0 kosi 5 fi afasu no so) sian kɔ fam kɔ ​​mineral nneɛma a ɛda hɔ kwa¶

Ogyaframa a ɛhyerɛn a ɛba fam wɔ kɔnkrit, abotan, anaa dɔte a ɛda hɔ kwa so no wuwu wɔ sikɔne 30 mu a asiane biara nni ho. Ember a ɛba fam wɔ nnua a ɛyɛ nwunu a wɔde ayɛ nnua a ɛyɛ nwunu, coir pon ano ntama, anaa juniper kwae a ɛwɔ wo nkyɛnkyɛn so pɛɛ so no sɔ ogyaframa a ne tenten yɛ mita 2 a ɛbɔ wo dan ase tẽẽ na ɛbubu wo mfɛnsere: - Mfa nnua a wɔabubu, pine nwura, anaa rɔba a wɔde ayɛ nnua a ɛyɛ mita 1.5 (anammɔn 5) fi ɔdan no fasu anaa ɔdan no atifi biara nni dwuma da. Fa ɔbo a wɔabubu, pea gravel, pavers, anaa mineral soil a ɛda hɔ kwa si ananmu. - Twe anaa sesa nnua ban a ɛyɛ hyew a etwa to a ɛyɛ mita 1.5 (anammɔn 5) wɔ baabi a ɛka wo fie fasu no: Nnua kokoam ban yɛ adwuma sɛ fuse nhama a ensɛee a ɛde ogya a ɛwɔ fam kɔ ​​wo fie no nkyɛn tẽẽ. Fa dadeɛ pon anaa aboɔ adum si apon anaa panel a ɛbata ofie no fasuo ho no ananmu, anaa fa wo nnua ban pon no si hɔ ma ɛbue (firi fie no ntam kwan yɛ digrii 90) ansa na woatu afiri hɔ na woabubu pɛtro kwan a ɛkɔ so no. - Nsɔ wo dan atifi anaa sare so nsuo a wɔde petepete so da na gyaw no ntu mmirika berɛ a woretu afiri hɔ no: Sɛ wogyae turo mu nsuo a wɔde petepete nneɛma a wɔte mu anaa ɔdan atifi nsuo a wɔde petepete mpɔtam hɔ nyinaa a, ɛma nsuo a ɛwɔ nkuropɔn mu nsuo akoraeɛ nsuo mu no kɔ fam na ɛma odumgyafoɔ nsuo nhyɛsoɔ kɔ fam kɔduru 0 PSI, na ɛma odumgyafoɔ nya hose a hwee nni mu berɛ a wɔrebɔ mmɔden sɛ wɔbɛgye w’abɔnten no.

Kar a ɛwɔ din kɛse a ɛtra ase: Mframa a ɛbɔ wɔ akwan akɛse so a wobesiw ano¶

Wɔ Santa Ana, Chinook, Diablo, anaa Foehn mframa ahum mu no, akwan akɛse a ɛtrɛw a ɛtrɛw tẽẽ kɔ mmepɔw so abon (te sɛ Interstate 10, Interstate 15, ne Highway 14 wɔ California Anafo fam; Interstate 25 ne Interstate 80 wɔ Wyoming ne Colorado; ne Ɔkwan Kɛse 2 wɔ Alberta kesee fam) bɛyɛ afiri a wɔde fa kar a ɛwɔ soro gyina hɔ kɛse no mu.

Abɔde mu nneɛma ho nimdeɛ a ɛfa kar a ɛbɔ mframa a ɛbɔ ho¶

Mframa a ɛwɔ mframa mu nhyɛso nkɔ soro linearly bere a mframa no tu mmirika no; mframa ahoɔden kɔ soro bere a mframa ahoɔhare no SQUARE (\(F \propto v^2\)): - Sɛ mframa a ɛbɔ no bɔ mmɔho abien fi kilomita 50 dɔnhwerew biara (akwansin 31 dɔnhwerew biara) kosi kilomita 100 dɔnhwerew biara (akwansin 62 dɔnhwerew biara) a, tumi a ɛpiapia no wɔ afã bi kɔ camper trailer anaa adaka lɔre nkyɛn no bɔ mmɔho anan (ɛkɔ soro ɔha biara mu nkyem 400). - Bere koro no ara mu no, mframa a ɛde ahoɔhare kɛse tu ntɛmntɛm wɔ van, RV, anaa semi-trailer atifi a ɛyɛ kurukuruwa no so no ma Bernoulli aerodynamic lift (ɛtew tae a ɛtwetwe kɔ fam no so) bere a mframa a ɛda chassis no ase no pia kɔ soro wɔ mframa no fã no. - Wɔ semi-trailer a hwee nni mu, cargo box truck, travel trailer, fifth-wheel camper, Sprinter-style high-roof van, anaa pickup camper a, mframa a ano yɛ den 95 ne 120 kilomita dɔnhwerew biara (akwansin 60 ne 75 dɔnhwerew biara) boro kar no static rollover threshold, na ɛdannan kar no kɔ n’afã anaasɛ ɛbɔ towed trailer kɔ a jackknife a basabasayɛ wom wɔ akwan nyinaa so.

Mmara a ɛfa karka anaa kar a wɔde besisi hɔ bere a Mframa Kɛse Kɔkɔbɔ bi reba¶

1. Di ɔkwan kɛse so "High-Profile Vehicle Restrictions" so ntɛm ara: Sɛ ɔman no dwumadibea ahorow a ɛhwɛ akwantu so de ɛlɛtrɔnik nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛbara kar a ɛwɔ soro anaa nea emu yɛ hare/ɛda mpan gu so a, twe wo ho wɔ ɔkwan a edi hɔ koraa a wɔfa so fi adi no so.
2. Sɛnea wɔde kar a ɛkorɔn besi dwoodwoo wɔ ahum a ɛbɔ denneennen mu:
3. Bere nyinaa dannan kar no sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a anim bamper no bɛhwɛ MAMMA NO mu tẽẽ (Head-into-the-wind parking): Wobetumi abɔ adaka lɔre, RV, anaa lɔre fã a esi baabi a ɛtrɛw (digrii 90) kosi 130 km/h (80 mph) ahum bere a egyina hɔ dinn koraa wɔ baabi a wɔde kar sisi no. Sɛ wɔde anim hwene teateaa a ɛwɔ mframa mu no kyerɛ mframa no mu tẽẽ a, ɛtew mframa a ɛtwetwe no ani ɔha biara mu nkyem 75 kosi 80.
4. Mfa kar nsi lɔre fã foforo a ɛware a ɛda wo ntam a ɛyɛ mita 1 kosi 2 nkyɛn da: Fa kar si baabi a ɛne rig atenten afoforo ntam kwan ware (enti kar a wɔde fa nnipa a hwee nni mu a ɛrehuruhuruw ntumi nbubu wo dan atifi) anaasɛ di akwankyerɛ a ɛfa lɔre gyinabea ho animdefo akyi kɔ akyirikyiri fi nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛwɔ soro, nnua, ne nnua a wɔde di dwuma ho.
5. Sɛ wɔkyere no sɛ ɔreka kar a wɔde fa nnipa wɔ canyon crosswinds a emu yɛ den mu a:
6. Fa wo nsa abien nyinaa kura stia no mu denneennen wɔ dɔnhwerew 9 ne nnɔn 3 gyinabea: Sɛ wo kar no twam wɔ ɔbotan a wɔatwa, ɔkwan kɛse so adum, nnyigyei fasu, anaa lɔre fã akyi a, wohyɛn mframa sunsuma tiawa bi mu baabi a ɛsɛ sɛ wode kar no kɔ mframa mu ntɛm ara a wupue twa akwanside no ho no, mframa a ɛbɔ no nyinaa bɔ w’anim fenders (wind-shear jolt).
7. Hwɛ sɛ anhwea ne mfutuma a ɛrebɔ no ayɛ kusuu: Mframa a ɛbɔ wɔ fam no hwire nsubɔnten a ɛyɛ kusuu ne anhweatam so ahohoro, na ɛma mfutuma afasu a wontumi nhu mpofirim wɔ ɔkwan kɛse no so; hwɛ yɛn haboob ne mfutuma ahum a emu yɛ den akwankyerɛ.

Sɛ ogya ahum a mframa bɔ no akyere wɔn a, wobetu wɔn afi hɔ na wɔanya nkwa wɔ ɔkwan a etwa to so¶

Wim ogya a mframa a ɛkɔ fam na ɛde ba no de ahoɔhare a ɛyɛ hu tu: bere a kwae mu ogya a ɛte saa trɛw kilomita 1 kosi 3 dɔnhwerew biara (akwansin 0.6 kosi 2 dɔnhwerew biara) no, Santa Ana, Diablo, anaa Chinook sare ne brɔs ogya betumi akɔ n’anim kilomita 10 kosi 25 dɔnhwerew biara (akwansin 6 kosi 15 dɔnhwerew biara) bere a ɛtow ogya a ɛwɔ baabiara no embers kilomita 3 kosi 5 (akwansin 2 kosi 3) wɔ anim no anim.

1. Hyɛ atade ma ember ne radiant-heat survival ANSA na woafi ɔpon no ano¶

Ogya a ɛtɔ wuram pii wuwu bere a wɔn a wɔte hɔ no tu fi hɔ wɔ simma a etwa to a wɔhyɛ nylon agumadi ntade tiaa, polyester ntade, ne rɔba flip-flops no: - Nhyɛ ntama a wɔde ayɛ (polyester, nylon, fleece, spandex) da bere a wuram ogya retu: Wɔ ɔhyew a ɛhyerɛn anaasɛ ember a ɛka ho no, ntama a wɔde ayɛ no nwene yɛ plastic a ɛrehyew a ɛne onipa honam ani bɔ. - Hyɛ kotoku a emu yɛ duru ɔha biara mu nkyem 100 (denim jeans, canvas adwuma pants, kotoku a emu yɛ duru atade a nsa tenten) anaa aboa nhoma, adwuma mpaboa a wɔde ahama ayɛ a wɔde aboa nhoma ayɛ a wɔde aboa nhoma sɔks, adwuma nsateaa a wɔde aboa nhoma ayɛ, ski anaa ahobammɔ ahwehwɛ a wɔatoto mu (sɛ wubehu wɔ wusiw a ɛma ani fura ne nsõ a ɛrebɔ mu), ne N95 ahomegye afiri anaa dry cotton bandana wɔ wo hwene ne w’ano (mfa bandana a ɛyɛ nsu nni dwuma da wɔ ɔhyew a ɛhyerɛn kɛse mu, efisɛ mframa a ɛyɛ hyew dodo dan nsu a ɛwɔ ntama no mu ma ɛbɛyɛ nsuonwini a ɛhyew mframa kwan no).

2. Nea ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ sɛ ogya ne wusiw twa wo kwan a wobɛfa so afi hɔ no mu a¶

Sɛ woreka kar afi ɔtare anaa ɔmantam bi mu na wusiw a ano yɛ den, anyinam ahoɔden nnua a ahwe ase, anaa ogyaframa siw ɔkwan a ɛwɔ w’anim no ano a: 1. Dan wo kanea, 4-way hazard flashers, ne horn, ma mfɛnsere no nkɔ so 100% UP, na fa AC/ventilation to Recirculate. 2. Mmɔ mmɔden da sɛ wobɛtu mmirika asen wuram ogya a ɛbɔ a ɛkɔ fam anaa mframa a ɛkɔ fam no so nantew, na nnyaw wo kar no da wɔ brɔs a emu yɛ duru mu nkɔtu mmirika fa ɔkwan a wusiw ahyɛ mu ma so. 3. Hwehwɛ Bere Tiaa mu Guankɔbea (TRA) a afifide nni hɔ: - Fa wo kar no kɔ baabi a ɛsõ sen biara a ɛwɔ hɔ mfutuma a ɛda hɔ kwa, abotan a ɛtrɛw, kɔnkrit a ɛtrɛw a wɔde kar sisi, agumadibea a wɔde nsu a ɛyɛ ahabammono gugu so, nhyiam a ɛtrɛw, anaa beae a ahyew tuntum DIDA ("abibifo no"). - Fa kar si baabi a ɛwɔ akyirikyiri fi brɔs a ayow, nnua, adan a wɔde nnua ayɛ, propane tank, ne kar afoforo a esi hɔ ho sɛnea wubetumi (sɛ kar a ɛbɛn wo tae mu gya hyew a, ɛbɛhyew wo kar). - Gyae engine no ma ɛnyɛ adwuma (sɛ ɛba sɛ ɛho hia sɛ wokɔ mita 20 fi beae foforo a ɛhɔ yɛ hyew a), dum abɔnten akanea no sɛ ɛho hia nkutoo, sia fam wɔ fam kyerɛwpon no so wɔ ahwehwɛ mfɛnsere no ase, na fa 100% wool blanket, leather jacket, anaa cotton coat a emu yɛ duru kata ɔkwantufo biara so koraa. - Tena kar no mu bere a ogyaframa anim a ɛyɛ simma 2 kosi 5 no twam: Dade kar dan a wɔato mu siw ɔhyew a edi awu a ɛhyerɛn (\(200^\circ\text{C}\) kosi \(800^\circ\text{C}\)) ne ogyaframa a ɛhyerɛn kwan kyɛ koraa sen sɛnea onipa nipadua a ɛda adi betumi atra ase wɔ abɔnten. Sɛ mpo tae no pop anaasɛ abɔnten plastic trim wusiw a, tra wo nwi kuntu ase wɔ kar no mu kosi sɛ ogyaframa titiriw no anim bɛtwam, afei fi adi yiye kɔ asase a ɛda hɔ kwa so sɛ kar no mu ankasa hyew a.

Ansa na mframa atu afie ne kar ahosiesie ho nhwehwɛmu kratasin¶

Wie nhwehwɛmu kratasin yi nnɔnhwerew 24 ansa na Santa Ana, Diablo, Chinook, anaa Foehn mframa a wɔahyɛ ho nkɔm asi:

• Fa telefon, anyinam ahoɔden sikakorabea, aduruyɛ batere a wɔde sie, ne anyinam ahoɔden adwumayɛbea a wotumi fa so nyinaa charge kɔ ɔha biara mu nkyem 100: Fa no sɛ Ɔmanfo Ahobammɔ Tumi a Wɔde Tow (PSPS) nna pii anaasɛ mframa a ɛbɛma wɔagyae adwuma no bɛba; hwɛ dɛmdi ne ayaresa ahiade ho ahosiesie.
• Sua wo ho sɛ wobɛtwe wo kar dan pon no nsa kɔkɔɔ a wɔde nsa gyae no na wode nsa ama ɔpon no so: Hwɛ sɛ ɔpanyin ne ɔbabun biara a ɔwɔ fie hɔ betumi abue kar dan pon no a anyinam ahoɔden nni mu.
• Fa "mframa a wɔde tow" nyinaa (trampolines, patio umbrellas, dade awnings, nwura kotoku a hwee nni mu, ne pool furniture) nyinaa hyɛ dan mu: Wɔ canyon gust a ɛyɛ kilomita 130/h (mph 80) mu no, akyi trampoline a enni anchored tu mita ɔhaha pii kɔ anyinam ahoɔden nhama a ɛwɔ ahoɔden kɛse mu anaasɛ ɛbubu mfɛnsere a ɛbɛn hɔ no.
• Hohoro nhaban ne pine nnade nyinaa fi ɔdan atifi nsukorabea, ɔdan atifi bon, ne nnua a ɛwɔ ase (Zone 0): Pine nnade a ayow nsa biako a ɛwɔ nsukorabea mu nkutoo ne nea ehia na ama ember a ɛwɔ akyirikyiri ahyew wo dan atifi.
• Hyɛ wo kar mu pɛtro dan mu ma ɔha biara mu nkyem 100 na san kar no kɔ kar kwan a ɛhwɛ abɔnten so no mu: Fa wo ntɛmpɛ go-bag, wɔn a wɔsoa afieboa ( .afieboa wɔ tebea horow a egye ntɛmpɛ mu), nkrataa a ɛho hia, ne 100% cotton/wool evacuation ntade + leather boots + ski goggles wɔ kar no mu pɛɛ ansa na wɔada.
• Twe wo din ma mpɔtam hɔ reverse-911 / county emergency SMS alerts na dum "Do Not Disturb" wɔ wo fon so anadwo: Mframa a ɛbɔ wɔ fam taa kɔ soro wɔ 10:00 PM ne 6:00 AM ntam bere a anadwo mframa a ɛma onwini no ma nsu a ɛkɔ fam no kɔ ntɛmntɛm no; ogya a ɛretu ntɛmntɛm wɔ ɔtare mu betumi adu wo abɔnten so wɔ simma 15 mu bere a woada no.

Nsɛm a wɔtaa bisa¶

Dɛn nti na Santa Ana ne Diablo mframa yɛ hyew bere a efi ase wɔ Nevada ne Utah sare a ɛkorɔn a ɛyɛ nwini so wɔ osutɔbere awiei ne awɔw bere mu no?¶

Mframa a ɛba fam no nam adiabatic compression a ɛyɛ dry so na ɛma ɛyɛ hyew, na ɛnyɛ owia anaa sare so hyew a ɛwɔ baabi a efi ase no. Mframa a ɛwɔ Great Basin asasetaw a ɛkorɔn no fi ase wɔ mmeae a ɛkorɔn mita 1,500 kosi 2,500 (anammɔn 5,000 kosi 8,200) wɔ po so, baabi a mframa no yɛ nwini yiye ankasa wɔ November anaa December mu. Nanso, bere a nhyɛso kɛse pia saa mframa dodow no kɔ mmepɔw no so na ɛhyɛ no ma ɛkɔ fam mita 2,000 (anammɔn 6,500) kɔ po so wɔ Pacific mpoano no, wim mu duru a ɛkɔ soro no mia mframa mu nneɛma nketenkete no bom. Mframa a wɔde mia no ma ne hyew kɔ soro wɔ adiabatic lapse rate a ɛyɛ dry a wɔahyɛ da ayɛ a ɛyɛ $9.8^\circ\text{C}$ wɔ mita 1,000 biara mu ($5.4^\circ\text{F}$ wɔ anammɔn 1,000 biara mu) a ɛsiane, na ɛde bɛyɛ $20^\circ\text{C}$ ($36^\circ\text{F}$) a ɛyɛ compression heat kronkron ne nsu a ɛyɛ nwini kakra a ɛbɛkɔ fam akodu akontaahyɛde biako mu bere a ɛbɛkɔ mpoano nkurow mu no.

Ɛbɛyɛ dɛn na ogya a ɛtɔ wuram atumi atwa kɔnkrit kwan a ɛwɔ akwan 8 a ɛda aman ntam kwan kɛse anaa ɔtare a ɛtrɛw a ɛrenhyew ɔkwan a wɔde fa so no?¶

Wim ogya a mframa a ɛkɔ fam a ɛyɛ kilomita 80 kosi 140 dɔnhwerew biara (50 kosi 85 mph) na ɛde ba no nhia sare a ɛkɔ so wɔ fam na ama wɔatwa akwanside bi; wɔfa wim fa ember cast (spotting) a ɛkɔ akyirikyiri so. Nsu a ɛtwetwe a ano yɛ den a ɛkɔ soro ne mmepɔw so asorɔkye a ɛyɛ basabasa no tetew nnua a ɛyɛ hyew, pine nnua, eucalypts, ne nnua a wɔde ayɛ nnua a ɛrehyew ɔpepem pii fi nnua ne adan atifi a ɛrehyew so, na ɛma ɛkɔ soro mita ɔhaha pii na ɛde kɔ soro kilomita 1.5 kosi 5 (akwansin 1 kosi 3) kɔ mframa ase. Saa ogyaframa a ɛhyerɛn yi tɔ fa akwan akɛse, nsubɔnten, ne atare so te sɛ asukɔtweaa a ɛbɔ a ɛkɔ soro, na ɛhyew sare a ayow, nnua a wɔde ayɛ nnua, ne afie mu mframa a wɔankata so wɔ ɔkwan a ɛso yɛ toro no fã a ɛwɔ akyirikyiri no simma kakraa bi ansa na ogyaframa titiriw no anim mpo adu ɔkwan no so.

Dɛn ne "Tebea a Ɛyɛ Asiane Titiriw" (PDS) Frɛmfrɛm Kɔkɔɔ Kɔkɔbɔ?¶

Wɔ United States no, Ɔman Wim Tebea Dwumadibea no de Frɛko Kɔkɔbɔ a wɔahyɛ da ayɛ ma mpɛn pii afe biara bere a ɔhyew a ɛyɛ hyew, ɔhyew a ɛba fam, ne mframa a ano yɛ den de ogya ho asiane a ɛkɔ soro ba no. "Tebea a Ɛyɛ Asiane Titiriw" (PDS) Frɛmfrɛ Kɔkɔɔ Kɔkɔbɔ yɛ kɔkɔbɔ a ɛntaa nsi, a ɛkorɔn a egye ntɛmpɛ a wɔde asie ama mframa a ano yɛ den, a ɛba pɛnkoro wɔ mfe pii mu a ɛba fam wɔ baabi a ahum a ano yɛ den bɔ ($100\text{ to }160\text{ km/h}$ [$60\text{ to }100\text{{ mph}$]), nnompe a ɛyɛ nwini a ɛyɛ digit biako ($< 5\%\text{ to }8\%$), and critically dry historic vegetation levels align simultaneously. During a PDS Red Flag Warning, any new fire ignition will immediately outrun all ground and aerial firefighting capabilities (especially since firefighting helicopters and air tankers are grounded when canyon turbulence exceeds 65 to 80 km/h [40 to 50 mph]).

Dɛn nti na Chinook mframa a ɛbɔ wɔ Rocky Mountains no ma ɔhyew no huruw \(25^\circ\text{C}\) (\(45^\circ\text{F}\)) wɔ nea ennu dɔnhwerew biako mu ("The Snow-Eater")?¶

Chinook yɛ mframa a ɛkɔ fam a ɛte sɛ mmepɔw so Foehn a ɛyɛ tete de a ɛba bere a wɔhyɛ Pacific mframa a ɛyɛ nwini ma ɛforo kɔ Rocky Mmepɔw no atɔe fam bepɔw so, ɛyɛ nwini wɔ adiabatic rate a ɛyɛ nwini a ɛyɛ brɛoo ($5^\circ\text{C}$ kosi $6^\circ\text{C}$ wɔ mita 1,000 biara mu) bere a ɛtow ne osu ne sukyerɛmma gu atɔe fam mmepɔw so (releasing latent ɔhyew a ɛyɛ nwini), na afei ɛkɔ fam wɔ apuei fam bepɔw no so kɔ Alberta, Montana, Wyoming, anaa Colorado asasetaw so, na ɛyɛ hyew wɔ adiabatic rate a ɛyɛ dry ntɛmntɛm kɛse ($9.8^\circ\text{C}$ wɔ mita 1,000 biara mu). Sɛ mframa a ɛyɛ hyew a ɛrebobom yi pia ɔtare a emu nnɔ a $-25^\circ\text{C}$ ($-13^\circ\text{F}$) Arctic mframa a ɛte apuei fam asasetaw so no fi mu a, ɔhyew kyerɛwtohɔ akenkan betumi akɔ soro $20^\circ\text{C}$ akodu $27^\circ\text{C}$ ($36^\circ\text{F}$ kosi $49^\circ\text{F}$) wɔ simma 15 kosi 30 mu, na ɛma sukyerɛmma a ne kɛse yɛ sɛntimita 30 (nsateakwaa 12) kɔ soro na ɛyow wɔ awia biako mu.

Sources a wɔhwɛɛ mu¶

• United States Ɔman Wim Tebea Dwumadibea (NWS / NOAA): Santa Ana Mframa, Diablo Mframa, ne Chinook Bepɔw-Asorɔkye Ho Nkɔmhyɛ, Frɛmfrɛm Kɔkɔɔ Kɔkɔbɔ ne PDS Nhwehwɛmu, ne Mframa Ahobammɔ a Ɛkorɔn Akwankyerɛ.
• Insurance Asoɛe a ɛhwɛ Adwumayɛ ne Ofie Ahobammɔ so (IBHS): Wim Ogya a Wɔasiesie Ofie Gyinapɛn, Zone 0 (0-to-5-Foot Non-Combustible Buffer) Nhwehwɛmu, ne Ember-Cast Wind Tunnel Adesua.
• California Kwaeɛ ne Ogya Ahobanbɔ Dwumadibea (CAL FIRE) ne United States Kwaeɛ Dwumadibea (USFS): Kyerɛ, Siesie, Kɔ Wildfire Evacuation Guide, Home Hardening (⅛-Inch Ember Mesh), ne Last-Resort Vehicle Refuge Protocols.
• Federal Highway Administration (FHWA, United States) ne Atwa Yɛn Ho Ahyia ne Wim Tebea Nsakrae Canada (ECCC): High-Profile Vehicle Crosswind Rollover Thresholds ne Mountain Pass Mframa a Wɔto mu Gyinapɛn.
• Ɔman Asoɛe a Ɛhwɛ Gyinapɛn ne Mfiridwuma So (NIST, United States): WUI Atoyerɛnkyɛm Ho Nhwehwɛmu a Wɔyɛ wɔ Ogya Akyi (Camp Fire, Tubbs Fire, ne Marshall Ogya Nhyehyɛe-kɔ-Ahyehyɛde ne Ember Ignition Amanneɛbɔ).

Akwankyerɛ ahorow a ɛfa ho¶

• Ogya a ɛtɔ wuram: ahosiesie, tu a wotu fi hɔ, ne nkwa a wonya
• Wim ogya wusiw ne nsõ a wɔhome ho ahobammɔ
• Derecho, mframa a ɛkɔ tẽẽ, ne microburst nkwagye
• Tumi nhama a ahwe ase ne kar a anyinam ahoɔden abɔ no nkwa
• Go-bag ne evacuation pack nhwehwɛmu kratasin