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I-Santa Ana, i-Diablo, ne-Downslope Windstorms: Iziphepho ze-Ember kanye nezimoto ezisezingeni eliphezulu

Izinombolo zezimo eziphuthumayo ziyehluka ngezwe. Leli khasi lisebenzisa u-911, inombolo yase-United States naseCanada. Amanye amazwe amaningi asebenzisa u-112, 999, noma enye inombolo. Thola inombolo yezwe lakini.

Izivunguvungu zasezintabeni zeDownslope, ezaziwa ngokwesifunda ngokuthi Santa Ana kanye nemimoya yeDiablo eCalifornia, Imimoya yeChinook ngasemithambekeni esempumalanga yeRocky Mountains eCanada nase-United States, imimoya ye-Wasatch ne-East Canyon e-Utah nase-Oregon, Foehn winds, nemimoya ye-Foehn** evunguza i-Zonda Alps yaseYurophu imimoya** eNingizimu Afrika, iyizifufula zomoya ezinobudlova, eziqhutshwa amandla adonsela phansi ezehlela ezansi ohlangothini lwezintaba ngesivinini esingamakhilomitha angu-80 kuya ku-160 ngehora (amamayela angu-50 kuya kwangu-100 ngehora)* nezivunguvungu ezimbi kakhulu ezedlula **amakhilomitha angu-200 ngehora (amamayela angu-125 ngehora)*.

Njengoba lo moya wehla ngezinkulungwane zamamitha ukusuka ezinkangala eziphakeme ukuya ngasogwini noma emathafeni, ukucindezela kwe-adiabatic kushisa umoya ngo-\(10^\circ\text{C}\) kuwo wonke amamitha angu-1,000 ukwehla (\(5.5^\circ\text{F}\) ngamafidi angu-1,000) kuyilapho wehla umswakama ohlobene no-*2% ukuya ku-2% Lokhu kudala inkinga yokuphepha kwempilo ephindwe kathathu: iziphepho ezivundlile ezithungela izinkulungwane zamakhaya amamayela ngaphambi kwelangabi langempela lomlilo wequbula, ukugeleza okuzumayo kwama-semi-truck, ama-RV, nama-trailer, kanye *nokusakazeka kabanzi Kokucishwa Kwamandla Okuphepha Komphakathi (PSvolt) kanye nezintambo zikagesi ezehlisiwe. Lo mhlahlandlela uhlinzeka ngezinqubo zokuvikela ezisebenzisekayo eziqinisekiswe i-United States National Weather Service (NWS), Isikhungo Somshuwalense Webhizinisi Nokuphepha Kwasekhaya (IBHS), uMnyango Wezamahlathi Nokuvikelwa Komlilo wase-California (CAL FIRE), i-Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), kanye ne-Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC). Ukuze uthole ukuphuma komlilo wequbula okuvamile, funda yethu umhlahlandlela womlilo wequbula; ukuze uthole umoya wokuduma kwezulu, funda i-derecho, umoya womugqa oqondile, nokusinda kwe-microburst.

Ungalindi Ukubona Amalangabi Ngesikhathi Somoya We-Downslope; Phuma Lapho I-Embers Ifika

Ngesikhathi se-Santa Ana, i-Diablo, noma isivunguvungu samagagasi entaba, amaphesenti angu-85 kuya kwangu-90 ezindlu ezishile AKUKHO udonga lwamalangabi omlilo othinta indlu. Esikhundleni salokho, imimoya yezivunguvungu ithwala izigidi zeziqhumane ezivuthayo (ember cast) amakhilomitha angu-1.5 kuya kwangu-5 (amamayela angu-1 kuya kwangu-3) ngaphambi komlilo omkhulu, ivuthela amalahle emagumbini ophahleni angavaliwe, ngaphansi kwamathayela ophahleni, nasembozeni eyomile noma kumagatha ngenkathi umlilo wequbula usaphezu komfula. Uma umlilo wequbula uvutha endaweni yangakini ngesikhathi Sesexwayiso Somoya Ophakeme noma Isexwayiso Sefulegi Elibomvu, lungiselela ukuphuma ngokushesha ngaphambi kokuba intuthu nemizi evuthayo ivimbe umgwaqo wakho.

Yenza lokhu manje

  1. Qinisekisa "I-Zone 0" yekhaya lakho (amamitha okuqala angu-0 kuye ku-1.5 [amafidi angu-0 kuye kwangu-5] ezizungeze izindonga zakho) ngaphambi kokuba kufike umoya. Hamba igxathu elilodwa uzungeze ngaphandle kwendlu yakho njengamanje: susa wonke amakhushini evulandi, omata beminyango be-coco-fiber, izihlalo ezinezintambo, izinkuni zokubasa ezistakiwe, imigqomo kadoti yepulasitiki, futhi shiya uqhele ngamamitha angu-3* eduze kwefasitela okungenani ukukhanya kwesibhakabhaka, nomnyango wegalaji ngokuqinile, futhi kushanele izinaliti zikaphayini ezigodini ezisophahleni namathafa.
  2. Nqamula isivalo sesicabha esizenzakalelayo segaraji lakho bese udonsa intambo ebomvu ekhishwa ngesandla NGAPHAMBI kokuba ugesi ucime. Phakathi nezivunguvungu zomoya ezinamandla e-Santa Ana ne-Diablo, izinsiza zivame ukwenza Ukuvala Amandla Okuphepha Komphakathi (PSPS) noma amagatsha andizayo anqamula izintambo zikagesi njengoba nje umlilo wamabhulashi osheshayo uqala. Uma ungazi ukuthi uwuvula kanjani umnyango wakho wegaraji osindayo ebumnyameni, imoto yakho izovaleleka ngaphakathi egaraji phakathi newindi lokuphuma lemizuzu engu-10.
  3. Paka imoto yakho yokuphuma eyinhloko ngaphandle endleleni ebheke emgwaqeni amafasitela agoqwe, okhiye emzimbeni wakho, nezikhwama zokuthutha zilayishwe ngaphakathi. Ungalokothi upake ngaphansi kwezihlahla ezinkulu zikagamthilini, zikaphayini, noma ze-oki phakathi nesiphepho somoya owehlayo, futhi ugcine isimiso somoya sekhabhinethi yemoto yakho simiswe ukuze Ukuzulazula ukuze kungakwazi ukubhodla emoyeni futhi kungakwazi ukungena emoyeni.
  4. Uma ushayela imoto yephrofayili ephezulu (i-semi-loli, iloli yebhokisi, i-camper van, i-RV, isondo lesihlanu, i-trailer yesikebhe, noma i-SUV enebhokisi lophahla), UNGAngeni ezindaweni ezidlula izintaba noma emilonyeni yemihosha ngesikhathi Sesexwayiso Somoya Ophakeme. Lapho izivunguvungu ziwela ** amakhilomitha angu-80 kuya kwangu-100 ngehora (amamayela angu-50 kuye kwangu-62 ngehora ngalinye elingenalutho, amamayela angu-50 kuye kwangu-62* angenalutho) ama-trailer nama-campers emaceleni abo ngaphansi kwemizuzwana emibili. Phuma kuthelawayeka bese upaka esitobhini samaloli noma endaweni egandayiwe ukhombe ngqo emoyeni (ekhaleni emoyeni) kude nezihlahla nezintambo zikagesi kuze kwehle isiphepho.
  5. Hlala okungenani amamitha angu-10 (amafidi angu-33) kusukela kunoma iyiphi intambo ewile, i-transformer evuthayo, noma uthango lwensimbi oluwile phakathi nesiphepho. Imimoya ye-Hurricane-force canyon ihlanganisa imigqa yokusabalalisa enamandla amakhulu ndawonye (i-conductor slap) noma yehlise ocingweni obomile obungu-12,000-volt kanye nezintambo zothango ezomile. Phatha zonke izintambo ezehlisiwe njengezibukhoma neziyingozi, shayela inombolo yakho yasendaweni yezimo eziphuthumayo (911 e-United States nase-Canada, 112 ngaphesheya kwe-European Union, 999 e-United Kingdom, noma ubone zonke izinombolo eziphuthumayo), bese ulandela eyethu umhlahlandlela wezintambo zikagesi owehlisiwe.
  6. Uma uvaleleke ngezinyawo noma emotweni yisiphepho esiqhutshwa yi-ember esinendlela yokubaleka, indawo yokukhosela ngaphakathi kwendawo evulekile, indawo yokupaka enkulu, noma isakhiwo esakhiwe ngokhonkolo, UNGALOKOTHI emgwaqeni omncane omwonyo olahlwe ibhulashi. Funda izinyathelo zokusinda eSigabeni 5 ngezansi nasesihlokweni sethu. umhlahlandlela womlilo wequbula.

Isiphepho se-Downslope kanye neshadi lokugeleza lesinqumo esiphuthumayo se-ember-cast

Sebenzisa leli shadi elingunxantathu lapho Isexwayiso Somoya Omkhulu, Isexwayiso Sefulegi Elibomvu, noma Isexwayiso Sefulegi Elibomvu Ikakhulukazi (PDS) sesimo esiyingozi sikhishwa ngenxa yemimoya yentaba eyehlayo.

flowchart TD
    Start["Isimo esiphuthumayo se-Downslope Windstorm:<br/>Santa Ana, Diablo, Chinook, noma Foehn Winds<br/>Isekelwa 60-110 km/h (37-70 mph), Gusts 130-180 km/h (80-112 mph)"] --> Context{"Ithini<br/>indawo yakho eyingozi eseduze?"}

    Context -->|"1. EKHAYA E-WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE<br/>Isexwayiso Sefulegi Elibomvu + Intuthu Yomoya / I-Ember Cast"| EmberHome["I-EMBER-STORM UKUVIKELA EKHAYA NOKUPHUMA:<br/>1. Imoto ebuyela emuva emgwaqeni obheke emgwaqweni; donsa ukukhishwa ngesandla kwegaraji<br/>2. Sula 1.5 m (5 ft) Zone 0: Susa omata basemnyango, amakhushini, imigqomo kadoti, ukhuni<br/>3. Vala wonke amafasitela, iminyango yezilwane ezifuywayo, izinto zokususa umlilo eziko, nezimbobo zomoya ze-HVAC<br/>4. Gqoka 100% imikhono emide kakotini/yoboya, amabhuzu esikhumba, nezibuko<br/>5. Phuma NGOKUSHESHA lapho uyaliwe noma uma amalahle eqala ukuhlala egcekeni"]

    Context -->|"2. UKUSHAYELA EMGQWENI OMKHULU NOMA I-CANYON PASS<br/>Iziphambano Eziqinile / Uthuli / Imfucumfucu Ephephukayo"| HighwayWind{"Hlobo luni lwemoto<br/>olushayelayo?"}

    HighwayWind -->|"Imoto Yephrofayili Ephezulu:<br/>RV, Camper, Trailer, Box Truck,<br/>Van, noma Empty Semi-Trailer"| HighProfile["UKUVIKELA KWE-ROLLOVER OKUPHEZULU:<br/>1. UNGASHAYELI udlule emilonyeni ye-canyon noma amabhuloho aphakeme ngokushaywa umoya >= 80 km/h (50 mph)<br/>2. Hamba endaweni yokuphuma elandelayo/yokuphumula NGAPHAMBI kokungena ephasijini lomoya<br/>3. Ipaki ikhombe EMOYA (ikhala emoyeni) ukuze ivimbele ithiphu eseceleni<br/>4. Chock amasondo, setha ibhuleki yokupaka, hlala kude nezihlahla nezigxobo zikagesi"]

    HighwayWind -->|"Imoto Ejwayelekile Yabagibeli / SUV"| LowProfile["UKUSINDA komoya wemoto yabagibeli:<br/>1. Ukubamba isondo lokuqondisa ngo-9 no-3 ezimpondweni ngezandla zombili<br/>2. Yehlisa ijubane ngo-20-30 km/h (15-20 mph); ungalokothi udlule amaloli anyakazayo<br/>3. Lindela amabhuloho aphumayo, amathaneli, noma ukusikeka kwamadwala okuzumayo"]

    Context -->|"3. IGRIDI YAMANDLA SHUTOFF (PSPS) NOMA INTAMBO EYENSIWE<br/>Olayini Bezinhlansi noma Ukucisha Kwezinsuku Eziningi"| GridHazard["ELECTRICAL & PSPS UKUPHEPHA:<br/>1. Hlala >= 10 m (33 ft) kusukela ezintanjeni eziwe phansi nasezintangweni zensimbi; shayela ku-911/112/999<br/>2. Qalisa amajeneretha aphathekayo >= 6 m (20 ft) ngaphandle endaweni engcolile/ukhonkolo olungenalutho<br/>3. Ungalokothi ubeke i-muffler eshisayo eduze kotshani obomile emoyeni ongu-80 km/h"]

I-Meteorology yezivunguvungu ze-downslope: Kungani umoya wehla ngezintaba ngesivinini

Iziphepho ze-Downslope azizona izimo zezulu ezijwayelekile. Zenzeka lapho indawo eqinile emaphakathi nezwe idome enengcindezi ephezulu yakha phezu kwethafa elingaphakathi eliphakeme (njengeGreat Basin yaseNevada nase-Utah, ithafa laseCanada Rocky Mountain, noma ohlangothini oluseningizimu ye-Alps) kuyilapho umgodi ojulile wengcindezi ephansi uhlala ngasogwini noma phezu kwamathafa e-leeward.

1. Ukusheshisa kweCanyon Venturi kanye nokweqa okuqhutshwa ngamanzi (i-Mountain Waves)

Njengoba umoya ominyene ophakathi nezwe uphoqeleka ukuba ukhuphuke naphezu komgoqo wentaba futhi uchitheke emthambekeni owumqansa uqonde ezingeni lolwandle, izindlela ezimbili zokushintsha uketshezi ziphindaphinda amandla awo okubhubhisa: - I-Gap ne-canyon constriction (umphumela we-Venturi): Lapho umoya ungena ezindleleni eziwumngcingo zezintaba nasemihosheni egudle ugu (njengeCajon Pass, i-Santa Ana Canyon, izigodi zaseMalibu, i-Banning Pass, i-Feather River Canyon, noma i-Crownest Pass e-Alberta), ukongiwa kwenqwaba kuphoqa umoya ukuba usheshise njengokuphuphuma kwengadi ngokumangalisayo. - Amagagasi entaba abhodlozayo (i-Downslope Hydraulic Jump): Ngaphansi kokwendlaleka komkhathi okuzinzile eduze nendawo ezungezile yentaba, amandla adonsela phansi adonsela umoya phansi endaweni emile lee wave eshona iqonde ezansi ngo 120 kuya kumakhilomitha angu-200 ngehora (ihora elingu-75 ukuya ku-125) ibheke phezulu ngamamayela angu-75 ukuya phezulu *gxuma i-hydraulic ** noma i-rotor eduze kwesisekelo sezintaba. Kungakho yonke indawo engasemlonyeni womhosha ingadatshulwa uphahla futhi kukhunyulwe ama-shingles etiyela kuyilapho idolobha eliqhele ngamakhilomitha angu-8 ukuya ethafeni eliyisicaba lithola umoya ohelezayo kuphela.

2. Ukushisisa nge-Adiabatic kanye ne-5% Relative Humidity deiccation trap

Njengoba umoya ushona ubheke ezindaweni eziphakeme lapho umfutho womkhathi uphakeme, iphasela lomoya liyacindezelwa. NgoMthetho Wokuqala We-Thermodynamics, ukucindezela igesi ngaphandle kokwengeza noma ukususa ukushisa (ukucindezelwa kwe-adiabatic okomile) kuphakamisa izinga lokushisa layo ngo- \(9.8^\circ\text{C}\) ngamamitha angu-1,000 (\(5.4^\circ\text{F}\) ngamafidi angu-1,000) yokwehla okuqondile: - Umoya oqala endaweni epholile engu-\(5^\circ\text{C}\) (\(41^\circ\text{F}\)) endaweni eyithafa engamamitha angu-2,000 (6,500-foot) ufika ogwini ngo- \(25^\circ\text{C}\) (\(77^\circ\text{F}\)) ebusika noma \(40^\ci\)rc (\(104^\circ\text{F}\)) ekwindla. - Ngenxa yokuthi umoya ofudumele ungabamba umhwamuko wamanzi omningi kakhulu kunomoya obandayo, ukushisisa lolo gwadule olomile noma isisindo somoya wezwekazi kwehlela umswakama ohlobene (RH) uye ku-2% kuya ku-8%. - Phakathi*** namahora angu-3 kuya kwangu-6** ngemva kokuqala komoya we-downslope, izinto zokubasa ezifile (utshani obomile, izinaliti zikaphayini, amagatsha e-chaparral, nokunyakaziswa kophahla lokhuni) zilahlekelwa cishe yiwo wonke umswakama wangaphakathi, ofinyelela kumazinga omswakama kaphethiloli wamahora angu-10 ngaphansi kwamaphesenti angu-2 ukuya kwangu-3, lapho inhlansi eyodwa encane evela kuchungechunge lwamandla enqola edonsayo, i-lawn blagger, i-slawer noma i-slawer. umlilo wequbula onganqandeki.

Ukuqhathaniswa kwesifunda kwezivunguvungu ezinkulu ze-downslope emhlabeni jikelele

Sebenzisa leli thebula lesithenjwa ukuze uqonde isikhathi sesizini, izici zomoya, nezingozi eziyinhloko zezimiso zomoya ezinkulu zomhlaba wokwehla kokwehla.

Igama Lomoya Wesifunda nendawo Isizini Ephakeme Nesiqondiso Isivinini Esijwayelekile Esimisiwe Nesikhulu Esiphezulu I-Temperature & Humidity Shift Izingozi Eziyinhloko Zezinhlekelele
1. I-Santa Ana Winds (Southern California & Northern Baja California) Septhemba kuya kuMashi (isiqongo sika-Okthoba kuya kuZibandlela); ivunguza eNyakatho-mpumalanga kuya eNingizimu-ntshonalanga isuka ogwadule iGreat Basin iye ePacific Ocean Okusekelwe \(55\umbhalo{kuya }95\umbhalo{ km/h}\) (\(35\umbhalo{ kuya }ku-60\text{ mph}\)); i-canyon gust \(110\text{ to }160+\text{ km/h}\) (\(70\text{ to }100+\text{ mph}\)) \(+10^\circ\text{C}\) to \(+18^\circ\text{C}\) (\(+18^\circ\text{F}\) to \(+32^\circ\text{F}\)) ukufudumala; I-RH yehlela kokuthi \(2\%\umbhalo{ uye ku-}10\%\) Isixhumi esibonakalayo sasemadolobheni esiyinhlekelele izivunguvungu ze-ember, imililo esheshayo ye-canyon, ama-semi-truck rollovers ku-I-10 / I-15 / I-5, ukuvalwa kwegridi ye-PSPS
2. I-Diablo & North Winds (Northern California Bay Area, Sacramento Valley, Wine Country) Septhemba kuya kuNovemba; ivunguza **eNyakatho-mpumalanga kuya eNingizimu-ntshonalanga ** phansi kwezintaba zeSierra Nevada nama-Coast Ranges Okusekelwe ku-\(50\umbhalo{ ukuya }ku-90\umbhalo{ km/h}\) (\(30\umbhalo{ kuya ku-}55\text{ mph}\)); ukuqhuma kwe-ridge \(110\umbhalo{ kuya }155\umbhalo{ km/h}\) (\(70\umbhalo{ ukuya }ku-96\text{ mph}\)) Umoya oshisayo, owomile kwamathambo (\(28^\circ\text{C}\) to \(38^\circ\text{C}\) [\(82^\circ\text{F}\) to \(100^\circ\text{F}\)]); RH \(5\%\umbhalo{ uye ku-}12\%\) Imililo yasendle yasebusuku (isb., i-Camp Fire, i-Tubbs Fire), i-ember yebanga elide emigwaqweni emikhulu eyimizila engu-8
3. I-Chinook Winds (I-Eastern Slopes of Rocky Mountains: Alberta, Montana, Wyoming, Colorado) Novemba kuya kuNdasa; ishaya iNtshonalanga iye eMpumalanga phansi ngo-Front Range ku-Great Plains Okusekelwe \(65\umbhalo{kuya }115\umbhalo{ km/h}\) (\(40\umbhalo{ kuya }70\text{ mph}\)); ukuqhuma kwegagasi lentaba \(140\umbhalo{ ukuya }200\umbhalo{ km/h}\) (\(85\umbhalo{ ukuya }ku-125\text{ mph}\)) Ukufudumala okudlulele ebusika: izinga lokushisa lingagxuma \(25^\circ\text{C}\) (\(45^\circ\text{F}\)) emizuzwini engu-30 Ama-rollovers wamaloli onguthelawayeka anodlame (I-25, Hwy 2), ukuncibilika kweqhwa okusheshayo ("idla iqhwa") elidala isiminyaminya seqhwa emfuleni, imililo yotshani (isb., Marshall Fire)
4. I-Alpine Foehn (Föhn) kanye ne-Andean Zonda (Switzerland, Austria, Southern Germany; Argentina) Entwasahlobo nasekwindla; iqhumisa izigodi ze-leeward alpine Okusekelwe ku-\(60\umbhalo{ ukuya }ku-100\text{ km/h}\) (\(37\text{ to }62\text{ mph}\)); i-valley gust \(120\text{ to }180\text{ km/h}\) (\(75\text{ to }112\text{ mph}\)) \(+12^\circ\text{C}\) to \(+20^\circ\text{C}\) (\(+22^\circ\text{F}\) to \(+36^\circ\text{F}\)) spike; RH \(< 15\%\) Ukusabalala komlilo wasesigodini, izivunguvungu ezinzima zothuli (Zonda), ukucekela phansi kwe-alpine snowpack iziqhwa zeqhwa kanye namadwala

Ungalivikela kanjani ikhaya lakho esivunguvungwini se-ember-cast ("Ember Blizzard")

Uphenyo lwesayensi lwangemva kwenhlekelele olwenziwa Isikhungo Somshuwalense Webhizinisi Nokuphepha Kwasekhaya (IBHS), Isikhungo Sikazwelonke Samazinga Nobuchwepheshe (NIST), kanye ne-CAL FIRE ngemva kokusha komoya omkhulu we-downslope (njengeCamp Fire, Woolsey Fire, Tubbs Fire, Marshall Fire, kanye neLahaina Fire) kubonise iqiniso elisindisa ukuphila: Wilfire Amakhilomitha angu-100 ngehora (amamayela angu-62 ngehora) imimoya eyehlayo ivamise ukweqa utshani obuluhlaza, amachibi okubhukuda, kanye nemigwaqo enguthelawayeka kakhonkolo enemizila eyi-10 ukuze ishise zonke izingxenye ezingaphansi ukusuka ngaphakathi nangaphandle ngamalahle andizayo.

Uma indlu eyodwa ibamba umlilo elahleni, leyo ndlu evuthayo iba ukushisa okukhazimulayo kwesakhiwo kuya kwesakhiwo kanye nejeneretha ye-ember ethungela yonke indlu engumakhelwane phakathi kwamamitha angu-10 kuya kwangu-15 (33 kuya ku-50 wamafidi). Uma unemizuzu engama-30 kuye kwengama-60 ngaphambi kokuba umlilo oshayelwa umoya usondele (noma lapho kukhishwa Isexwayiso Sefulegi Elibomvu), qedela lokhu IBHS Ember-Hardening Sequence:

1. Vala izindawo ezinhlanu zokungena lapho amalahle angena khona endlini

Emoyeni ongu-100 km/h (62 mph), izigidi zamagxolo amagxolo avuthayo, izigaxa zikaphayini, namalahle okhuni alingana nezinhlamvu zelayisi kuya kumabhola egalofu ashayelwa avundlile njengesichotho ngaphandle kwekhaya lakho: 1. Izindawo zokungenisa umoya ophahleni, i-gable, ne-crawlspace: Amalahle andizayo adlula aqonde ku-6-millimeters (0.25-intshi) yendwangu yehadiwe enezikhala ezivamile futhi ahlale emabhokisini okugcina amakhadibhodi anothuli kanye nokufakwa kwe-cellulose ngaphakathi ophahleni lwakho olumnyama, ashise indlu yehle kusukela ophahleni phakathi ngaphambi kokuba noma ubani ongaphandle abone intuthu. - Ukuthuthukisa unomphela: Vala wonke ama-vents angaphandle nge-3-millimeter (0.125-intshi / ⅛-intshi) yensimbi engashi enezikhala zezintambo ezingashi* noma faka ama-ASTM E2886 ama-baffled ukumelana nelangabi. - Ukulungiswa okuphuthumayo kwemizuzu engu-10 ngaphambi kokuphuma: Uma umlilo uvutha khona manje futhi unezikhala ezindala ezinemeshi ebanzi, isisekelo, itheyiphu, noma i-wedge ye-aluminium foil esindayo, iphepha lensimbi elibenyezelayo, noma amalulwane ewool amaminerali amanzi ngaphakathi noma ngaphandle kwegebula kanye nezintuba ze-crawlspace ngaphambi kokuthi uphume lapho awukwazi ukuphuma endaweni yomlilo. 2. Ngaphansi kwezicabha zegalaji nezicabha zangaphandle: Imimoya ephezulu ivumela iminyango yegalaji yensimbi ebanzi noma yokhuni ingene ngaphakathi ngamasentimitha angu-1 ukuya kwangu-3 (0.4 kuya ku-1.2 amayintshi) emakhoneni angaphansi namathrekhi asemaceleni, idala indawo yokugezela edonsa amalahle azungezayo ngokuqondile kumfuhlumfuhlu wegalaji, amathini opende, notshani. Vala iminyango yegalaji ngokuqinile, qinisekisa ukuthi i-weatherstripping engezansi yerabha ayishintshile, futhi faka amathawula kakotini amanzi noma izikhwama zesihlabathi eduze kwanoma iyiphi igebe elingezansi elibonakalayo ngaphambi kokuphuma. 3. Izintuba ezivulekile, izindawo zokumisa izinyoni, namathayela ophahleni lwemiphongolo: I-Embers ilala ngaphakathi kwezikhala ezivulekile ngaphansi kwamathayela emiphongolo yaseSpain noma ezigodini eziphahleni ezigcwele amaqabunga omile. Shanela izigodi zophahla kanye namathayela ensimbi ahlanzeke ngokuphelele ngaphambi kwenkathi yomoya, futhi uxhume uthayela ovulekile ("izitobhi zezinyoni") ngodaka noma ngokuvalwa kwensimbi. 4. Amawindi nama-skylights: Ingilazi yefasitelana elilodwa iphahlazeka emaminithini angu-1 ukuya kwangu-3 lapho ichayeke ekushiseni okukhazimulayo okuvela ocingweni oluvuthayo noma esihlahleni ngaphandle, kudedele isiphepho seqhwa ekamelweni lokulala. Vala wonke amafasitela ezingilazi anezingilazi ezimbili, khipha izikrini zamafasitela angaphandle e-fiberglass (ezincibilikayo futhi zibambe amalahle), futhi vala amakhethini ensimbi angashi noma amarola asindayo ukuze uvimbele ukushisa okukhazimulayo ekuthungeleni amakhethini nezinto zokulala ngaphakathi kwegumbi. 5. Izicabha zezilwane ezifuywayo, okomisa umoya, namapayipi kashimula: Khiya yonke iminyango yesilwane esifuywayo eslayidayo iqine, qinisekisa ukuthi i-flap yakho yangaphandle yesomisi sensimbi ivala isicaba, bese uvala isihwamu-mshini sakho sokushisa sangaphakathi ngokuphelele.

2. Hlikihla "Indawo engu-0" (0 ukuya ku-1.5 amamitha / 0 kuya ku-5 wamafidi ukusuka ezindongeni) wehle uye kumaminerali angenalutho

Ilahle elikhazimulayo elihlala kukhonkolo, amatshe, noma ukungcola okungenalutho liyafa ngokungenabungozi kumasekhondi angu-30. I-ember ehlala embotsheni yegxolo eyomile yokhuni, umata womnyango oyikhoyili, noma isihlahla sojunipha ngakwesokudla eduze kohlangothi lwakho kokhela ilangabi lobude obungamamitha angu-2 eliwela ngqo ngaphansi kwezindlebe zakho futhi liphule amafasitela akho: - Ungalokothi usebenzise semboza ngabo izithombo zezihlahla zamagxolo okhuni, utshani bukaphayini, noma umboza wenjoloba phakathi kwamamitha angu-1.5 (amafidi angu-5) ukusuka kunoma yiluphi udonga lwesakhiwo. Faka esikhundleni sawo ngamatshe agxotshiwe, amatshe kaphizi, ama-pavers, noma umhlabathi ongenalutho wamaminerali. - Khipha noma ushintshe uthango lokugcina lwamamitha angu-1.5 (amafidi angu-5) othango lokhuni oluvuthayo lapho luthinta udonga lwendlu yakho: Uthango oluyimfihlo lwezinkuni lusebenza njengolayini we-fuse onganqamuki oholela emlilweni oqonde ngqo emaceleni endlu yakho. Shintshanisa isango noma iphaneli enamathiselwe odongeni lwendlu nge-sango lensimbi noma ikholomu yamatshe, noma phakamisa isango lakho lothango lokhuni livuleke kakhulu (ama-degree angu-90 kude nendlu) ngaphambi kokuba uphume ukuze uphule umzila kaphethiloli oqhubekayo. - Ungalinge uvule uphahla lwakho noma izifafazi zotshani bese uzishiya zisebenza lapho uphuma: Ukushiya amapayipi angadini yokuhlala noma izifafaza zophahla ezigijima kuyo yonke indawo kudonsa amathange okugcina amanzi kamasipala futhi kwehlisa umfutho wepayipi lomlilo libe ku-0 PSI*, okushiya izicishamlilo namapayipi angenalutho lapho zizama ukonga umgwaqo wakho.

Ukusinda kwezimoto ezisezingeni eliphezulu: Ukuvimbela ukuwela imimoya emigwaqweni emikhulu

Phakathi nesivunguvungu somoya sase-Santa Ana, i-Chinook, i-Diablo, noma i-Foehn, umgwaqo onguthelawayeka onqamula ngokuqondile ukuya ezigodini zezintaba (njenge-Interstate 10, Interstate 15, kanye no-Highway 14 eNingizimu ye-California; I-Interstate 25 kanye ne-Interstate 80 e-Wyoming naseColorado; kanye no-Highway 2 ezindaweni eziseningizimu ye-Alberta enezinqola ezinkulu zezimoto) uba yizindawo ezinkulu ezigibela izimoto.

I-physics ye-crosswind car rollover

Umfutho womoya we-Aerodynamic awukhuli ngokuhambisana nesivinini somoya; amandla omoya akhuphuka nge-SQUARE yesivinini somoya (\(F \propto v^2\)): - Lapho umoya ovunguzayo uphinda kabili ukusuka ku-50 amakhilomitha ngehora (amamayela angu-31 ngehora) ukuya kumakhilomitha angu-100 ngehora (amamayela angu-62 ngehora), amandla aphushayo abheke ohlangothini lwe-camper trailer noma ibhokisi* kane (akhuphuka ngamaphesenti angu-400). - Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umoya wesivinini esiphezulu okhuphuka ngesivinini phezu kophahla olugobile lweveni, i-RV, noma i-semi-trailer idala i-Bernoulli aerodynamic lift (enciphisa ukudonsa kwamasondo okuya phansi) kuyilapho umoya uvaleleke ngaphansi kwe-chassis uphushela phezulu ohlangothini olunomoya. - I-semi-trailer engenalutho, iloli lebhokisi lezimpahla, i-trailer yokuhamba, inkampa yamasondo esihlanu, iveni yophahla oluphakeme yesitayela se-Sprinter, noma i-pickup camper, ukuvunguza phakathi** kwamakhilomitha angu-95 no-120 ngehora (amamayela angu-60 no-75 ngehora)** kudlula umkhawulo wemoto omile, ijikise imoto eceleni noma ijikelezise imoto i-jackknife kuyo yonke imizila.

Imithetho yokushayela noma yokupaka ngesikhathi Sesexwayiso Somoya Ophakeme

  1. Lalela umgwaqo onguthelawayeka "Imikhawulo Yemoto Yephrofayili Ephezulu" ngokushesha: Lapho iminyango yezwe yezokuthutha ithumela izimpawu eziphezulu ze-elekthronikhi ezikhawulela izimoto ezisezingeni eliphezulu noma ezilula/ezingenalutho, suka lapho uphuma khona.
  2. Indlela yokupaka imoto yezinga eliphezulu ngokuphepha lapho kuneziphepho ezinamandla:
  3. Njalo jikisa imoto ukuze ibhampa yangaphambili ibhekane ngqo EMMOyeni (indawo yokupaka eqonde emoyeni): Iloli eliyibhokisi, i-RV, noma iloli elincane elipakwe endaweni ebanzi (90 degrees) ukuya ku-130 km/h (80 mph) lingavunguza limile limile ngokuphelele endaweni yokupaka. Ukukhomba ikhala elingaphambili le-aerodynamic eliwumngcingo ngokuqondile emoyeni kunciphisa indawo yokudonsa umoya ngamaphesenti angu-75 kuya kwangu-80.
  4. Ungalokothi upake eduze nelinye iloli elide elinegebe eliwumngcingo le-1-to-2-meter phakathi kwakho: Noma paka kude nezinye izinsimbi ezinde (ukuze i-trailer engenalutho edonsayo ayikwazi ukuchoboza uphahla lwakho) noma ulandele isiqondiso sokumisa iloli esichwepheshile kude nezimpawu ezingaphezulu, izihlahla, nezigxobo zosizo.
  5. Uma ubanjwe ushayela imoto yomgibeli ezindaweni ezivunguzayo ze-canyon:
  6. Bamba isondo lokuqondisa ngokuqinile ngezandla zombili endaweni yehora lesi-9 nelesi-3 ezimpondweni: Lapho imoto yakho idlula ngemva kwedwala elisikwe, insika yomgwaqo onguthelawayeka, udonga lomsindo, noma iloli elincane, ungena ethunzini elifushane elinomoya lapho kufanele uqondise khona emoyeni; ngokuphazima kweso uqhamuka udlula isithiyo, amandla agcwele omoya ovunguzayo ashayeka kuma-fenders akho angaphambili (wind-shear jolt).
  7. Qaphela ukucima kwesihlabathi esiphephethayo nothuli: Imimoya eyehlayo ikhuhla imifula eyomile namahlane asogwadule, idale izindonga zothuli ezingabonakali kungazelelwe kuthelawayeka; bona wethu haboob kanye negayidi yesiphepho esinamandla sothuli.

Ukuphuma kanye nokusinda endaweni yokugcina uma ubanjwe isiphepho esiqhutshwa umoya

Imililo yequbula eqhutshwa umoya we-downslope ihamba ngesivinini esesabekayo: kuyilapho umlilo wehlathi ovamile ubhebhetheka ngamakhilomitha angu-1 kuye kwayi-3 ngehora (amamayela angu-0.6 kuya kwangu-2 ngehora), umlilo we-Santa Ana, we-Diablo, noma we-Chinook wotshani nebhulashi ungaqhubekela ku-10 kuya ku-25 amakhilomitha ngehora (6 kuya ku-15 miles ngehora le-5 imitha) ukuya kumamayela angu-3)* ngaphambi kwengaphambili.

1. Gqokela inhlaka nokushisa okukhazimulayo NGAPHAMBI kokuphuma ngomnyango

Izingozi eziningi zomlilo wequbula zenzeka lapho izakhamuzi ziphuma ngomzuzu wokugcina zigqoke izikhindi zenayiloni, amahembe e-polyester, namaflip-flop erabha: - Ungalokothi ugqoke izindwangu zokwenziwa (i-polyester, inayiloni, uboya bezimvu, i-spandex) ngesikhathi sokuphuma komlilo wequbula: Ngaphansi kokushisa okukhazimulayo noma ukuthinta i-ember, izindwangu zokwenziwa zincibilika zibe ipulasitiki evuthayo exubana nesikhumba somuntu. - Gqoka ukotini osindayo ongamaphesenti angu-100 (amabhulukwe edenim, ibhulukwe lekhanvasi, ihembe likakotini elisindayo elinemikhono emide) noma uvolo, amabhuzu okusebenza esikhumba anelephu anamasokisi oboya, amagilavu omsebenzi wesikhumba, izibuko zokushushuluza ezivaliwe noma izibuko zokuphepha (ukubona ngentuthu ephuphuthekisayo futhi ephephetha umlotha* ovuthelayo* umlotha owufuthayo* futhi ukhiphe umlotha wakho*N5) umlomo (ungalinge usebenzise ibhandana elimanzi ekushiseni okuphezulu okukhazimulayo, njengoba umoya oshisa kakhulu ushintsha umswakama wendwangu ube isitimu esishisa indlela yomoya).

2. Yini okufanele uyenze uma umgwaqo wakho wokuphuma unqanyulwa amalangabi nentuthu

Uma ushayela uphuma emhosheni noma endaweni ehlukene kanye nentuthu eminyene, izigxobo zikagesi eziwile, noma amalangabi avimba umgwaqo ngaphambili: 1. Vula amalambu akho, izibani eziyingozi zezindlela ezi-4, kanye nophondo, gcina amafasitela egoqwe ngo-100% PHEZULU, futhi usethe i-AC/ukungenisa umoya ukuze Ukuzungeza kabusha. 2. Ungalokothi uzame ukweqa umlilo wequbula onomoya owehlayo noma owehlayo ngezinyawo, futhi ungalinge ulahle imoto yakho ebhulashini elisindayo ukuze wehle emgwaqeni ogcwele intuthu. 3. Thola Indawo yesiphephelo yesikhashana (TRA) engenazo uhlaza: - Qondisa imoto yakho endaweni enkulu kunazo zonke etholakalayo umkhathi wokungcola okungenalutho, amatshe, indawo yokupaka ukhonkolo ebanzi, inkundla yezemidlalo eniselwa ngenkasa eluhlaza, umgwaqo obanzi, noma indawo ESIVELE ishise emnyama ("omnyama"). - Paka kude nebhulashi elomile, izihlahla, izakhiwo zamapulangwe, amathangi e-propane, nezinye izimoto ezipakiwe ngangokunokwenzeka (uma amathayi emoto engumakhelwane evutha, izothungela imoto yakho). - Shiya injini isebenza ngokungenzi lutho (uma kwenzeka udinga ukususa amamitha angu-20 kude nendawo entsha eyi-hotspot), vala izibani zangaphandle kuphela uma kudingeka, ngena phansi ebhodini elingaphansi kwezinga lamafasitela engilazi, futhi umboze wonke umgibeli ngokuphelele 100% ngengubo yoboya, ibhantshi lesikhumba, noma ijazi likakotini elisindayo. - Hlala ngaphakathi emotweni ngenkathi ilangabi elingaphambili lemizuzu emi-2 ukuya kwemi-5 lidlula: Ikhabethe lemoto yensimbi evaliwe livimba ukushisa okukhazimulayo (\(200^\circ\text{C}\) kuya ku-\(800^\circ\text{C}\)) namalahle akhazimulayo amade kakhulu kunomzimba womuntu oveziwe ongaphila ngaphandle. Ngisho noma amathayi eqhuma noma ipulasitiki yangaphandle ishunqa, hlala uphansi ngaphansi kwengubo yakho yoboya ngaphakathi emotweni kuze kudlule ilangabi eliphambili, bese uphumela ngokucophelela endaweni engenalutho uma ikhabethe lemoto ngokwalo livutha.

Ingozi Yomlilo YeGeneretha Yokuphepha Komphakathi (PSPS) Ngesikhathi Somoya Ophakeme

Lapho izinsiza ziqeda amandla igridi kagesi izinsuku ezi-2 kuya kwezi-4 phakathi nesivunguvungu somoya esisezansi ne-Red Flag, izinkulungwane zabanikazi bezindlu ziqala amajeneretha aphathekayo kaphethiloli. Ukusebenzisa ijeneretha ephathekayo ku-80-to-120 km/h (50-to-75 mph) emoyeni owomile kuwumlilo wequbula oyingozi kanye nobungozi be-carbon monoxide: 1. Gcina ijeneretha okungenani i-6 amamitha (amafidi angu-20) ngaphandle kude nayo yonke iminyango, amafasitela, nezikhala (imimoya yesiphepho ingavuthela i-asisti** ekuqhekekeni kwamafasitela anomoya noma leeward uma ibekwe eduze kakhulu). 2. Beka ijeneretha kukhonkolo ongenalutho noma amatshe okungenani amamitha angu-3 (amafidi angu-10) kude nanoma ibuphi utshani obomile, amaqabunga, noma uthango, qinisekisa ukuthi isivalisi sinesikrini sokuvala inhlansi esigunyazwe yi--USFS, futhi uvikele isivimbo somoya esindayo noma ihange eduze kohlaka ukuze imfucumfucu yegceke endizayo (i-trampolines, i-patio ivuthele nebhokisi lebhokisi) \(400^\circ\text{C}\) (\(750^\circ\text{F}\)) isivalisi futhi sibase umlilo wasendaweni. Funda yethu ngokugcwele Umhlahlandlela wokuphepha we-generator.

Uhlu lokuhlola ukulungela kwekhaya kanye nemoto ngaphambi kwesiphepho

Qedela lolu hlu lokuhlola amahora angama-24 ngaphambi komcimbi womoya ka-Santa Ana, i-Diablo, i-Chinook, noma i-Foehn ebikezelwe:

  • Shaja wonke amafoni, amabhange kagesi, ikhophi yasenqolobaneni yamabhethri ezokwelapha, neziteshi zikagesi eziphathwayo kufika kumaphesenti angu-100: Cabanga ngokuvala kwamandla okuphepha komphakathi kwezinsuku eziningi (PSPS) noma ukucisha okubangelwa umoya kuzokwenzeka; bona ukukhubazeka kanye nokulungela izidingo zezokwelapha.
  • Zijwayeze ukudonsa isibambo esibomvu somnyango wegaraji futhi uphakamise umnyango ngesandla: Qinisekisa ukuthi wonke umuntu omdala nentsha esendlini angavula umnyango wegaraji ngaphandle kukagesi.
  • Gcina noma ungenise endlini yonke "ama-projectiles omoya" (ama-trampolines, izambulela zepatio, ama-awnings ensimbi, imigqomo kadoti engenalutho, kanye nefenisha yechibi): Ku-canyon gust engu-130 km/h (80 mph), i-trampoline engemuva kwendlu engafakiwe indiza indizela amakhulu amamitha ingene ezintanjeni zamandla kagesi ashisayo noma amafasitela aphezulu.
  • Hlanza wonke amaqabunga nezinaliti zikaphayini kumagatha ophahleni, ezigodini zophahla, nangaphansi kwezitezi zokhuni (Indawo 0): Inalithi eyodwa eyomile kaphayini egcwele isandla kuthango konke okudingekayo ukuze ilahle elikude lishise uphahla lwakho.
  • Gcwalisa ithangi likaphethiloli wemoto yakho libe ngamaphesenti ayi-100 bese ubuyisela imoto endleleni ebheke emgwaqeni: Layisha isikhwama sokuhamba esiphuthumayo, abathwali bezilwane ezifuywayo (izilwane ezifuywayo ezimweni eziphuthumayo), imibhalo ebalulekile, kanye nezingubo zokuphuma zikakotini/zoboya ezingu-100% + amabhuzu esikhumba + izibuko zokushushuluza ngaphakathi kwemoto ngaphambi kokuyolala.
  • Bhalisela izexwayiso ze-SMS eziphuthumayo zasendaweni-911 / zesifunda bese UVALA "Ungaphazamisi" ocingweni lwakho ngobusuku obubodwa: Iziphepho zomoya we-Downslope ngokuvamile ziba phezulu phakathi kuka-10:00 PM no-6:00 AM lapho ukupholisa ngemisebe ebusuku kusheshisa ukugeleza kwe-downslope; umlilo we-canyon ohamba ngokushesha ungafinyelela emgwaqweni wakho ngemizuzu engu-15 ngenkathi ulele.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa

Kungani imimoya yase-Santa Ana ne-Diablo ishisa uma ivela ogwadule olubandayo lwase-Nevada nase-Utah ngasekupheleni kwekwindla nobusika?

Imimoya ye-Downslope ishiswa ukucindezela okomile kwe-adiabatic, hhayi ilanga noma izinga lokushisa lasogwadule lapho iqala khona. Umoya endaweni ephakeme ye-Great Basin Plateau uqala endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angu-1,500 kuya kwangu-2,500 (amafidi angu-5,000 kuya kwangu-8,200) ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, lapho umoya ubanda kakhulu ngoNovemba noma ngo-December. Nokho, njengoba umfutho ophakeme usunduza lowo moya phezu kwezintaba futhi uwuphoqelela ukuba wehle ngamamitha angu-2 000 (6 500 amafidi) phansi ogwini lolwandle ogwini lwasePacific, isisindo somkhathi esandayo sicindezela ama- molecule omoya ndawonye. Umoya ocindezelayo ukhuphula izinga lokushisa lawo ngezinga elimisiwe le-adiabatic eliphelelwa amandla elingu-$9.8^\circ\text{C}$ ngamamitha angu-1,000 ($5.4^\circ\text{F}$ ngamafidi angu-1,000) wokwehla, wengeza cishe u-$20^\circ\text{C}$rc (\\36^\circid okuconsi phansi kombhalo{C}$rc ekushiseni okuhlanzekile{36^\ci}$ idijithi eyodwa ngesikhathi ifika emadolobheni asogwini.

Umlilo wequbula ungawela kanjani umgwaqo onguthelawayeka ongukhonkolo onemizila engu-8 noma ichibi elibanzi ngaphandle kokushiswa kwendlela egandayiwe?

Imililo yequbula eshayelwa umoya we-80-to-140 km/h (50-to-85 mph) downslope umoya awudingi utshani obuqhubekayo phansi ukuze uwele umgoqo; bahamba emoyeni nge-ember cast (i-spotting). Izinguquko ezishisayo neziyaluzayo zamagagasi entaba zidabula izigidi zezingcezu ezivuthayo zamagxolo, ama-pine cone, ama-eucalypt, nama-shingles ezihlahleni ezivuthayo nophahla, ziwaphakamisele phezulu ngamakhulu amamitha futhi azithwale aphakame amakhilomitha angu-1.5 kuya kwangu-5 (imayela elingu-1 kuya kwangu-3) ehle njalo. La malahle avuthayo anetha emigwaqweni emikhulu, emifuleni, nasemachibini njengesichotho esivundlile, aqhumisa utshani obomile, izimbobo zezihlahla, nezimbobo zendlu ezingavaliwe ohlangothini olukude lomgwaqo onguthelawayeka imizuzu ngaphambi kokuba ilangabi elikhulu lifike ngisho nasemgwaqweni.

Siyini "Isimo Esiyingozi Kakhulu" (PDS) Isixwayiso Sefulegi Elibomvu?

E-United States, Isevisi Yesimo Sezulu Kazwelonke ikhipha Izexwayiso Zefulegi Elibomvu izikhathi ezimbalwa ngonyaka lapho amazinga okushisa afudumele, umswakama ophansi, nomoya onamandla kudala ingozi enkulu yomlilo. "Isimo Esiyingozi Ngokukhethekile" (PDS) Isexwayiso Sefulegi Elibomvu siyivelakancane, isexwayiso sezinga eliphezulu esibekelwe izehlakalo zomoya we-downslope ngokwedlulele, kanye eminyakeni eminingana lapho izivunguvungu ezinamandla ($100\text{kuya }160\text{ km/h}$ [{}60-mphd0} umbhalo owodwa{$60\mphd0) umswakama ($< 5\%\text{ to }8\%$), and critically dry historic vegetation levels align simultaneously. During a PDS Red Flag Warning, any new fire ignition will immediately outrun all ground and aerial firefighting capabilities (especially since firefighting helicopters and air tankers are grounded when canyon turbulence exceeds 65 to 80 km/h [40 to 50 mph]).

Kungani imimoya yase-Chinook e-Rocky Mountains yenza amazinga okushisa eqe \(25^\circ\text{C}\) (\(45^\circ\text{F}\)) esikhathini esingaphansi kwehora ("I-Snow-Eater")?

I-Chinook iwumoya wakudala we-alpine Foehn-type downslope owenzeka lapho umoya omanzi wase-Pacific uphoqelelwa ukuba ukhuphuke ngomthambeka osentshonalanga we-Rocky Mountains, uphole ngesilinganiso esinomswakama esincane se-adiabatic ($5^\circ\text{C}$ kuya ku-$6^\circ\text{C}$ ngamamitha angu-1,000) kuyilapho ulahla imvula eshisayo yasentshonalanga i-condensation), bese yehlela phansi ngomthambeka ongasempumalanga emathafeni ase-Alberta, e-Montana, e-Wyoming, noma e-Colorado, ifudumala ngesilinganiso esisheshayo esomile se-adiabatic ($9.8^\circ\text{C}$ ngemitha eyi-1,000). Lapho lo moya oshisayo we-downslope ududula uphusha ichibi elingashoni lika-$-25^\circ\text{C}$ ($-13^\circ\text{F}$) Umoya wase-Arctic ohlezi emathafeni asempumalanga, ukufundwa kwe-thermometer kungakhuphuka ngo-$20^\circ\text{C}$ kuya ku-$27^\circ$3{6}\circ$3{6} $49^\circ\text{F}$) emaminithini angu-15 ukuya kwangu-30, inciphisa futhi incibilikisa amasentimitha angu-30 (amayintshi angu-12) eqhwa ntambama eyodwa.

Imithombo ihloliwe

  • Isevisi Yesimo Sezulu Kazwelonke Yase-United States (NWS / NOAA): I-Santa Ana Wind, i-Diablo Wind, ne-Chinook Mountain-Wave Forecasting, Isexwayiso Sefulegi Elibomvu kanye Nemibandela ye-PDS, kanye Nemihlahlandlela Yokuphepha Komoya Ophakeme.
  • Isikhungo Somshuwalense Webhizinisi Nokuphepha Kwasekhaya (IBHS): Amazinga Asekhaya Alungiselelwe Umlilo Wasendle, Indawo 0 (0-to-5-Foot Non-Combustible Buffer) Ucwaningo, kanye ne-Ember-Cast Wind Tunnel Studies.
  • I-California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (CAL FIRE) kanye ne-United States Forest Service (USFS): Ilungile, Isethiwe, Umhlahlandlela Wokuphunyuka Komlilo Wehlathi, Ukuqina Kwekhaya (⅛-Inch Ember Mesh), kanye Nezinqubo Zokuphephela Zemoto Yendawo Yokungahlali.
  • I-Federal Highway Administration (FHWA, United States) ne-Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC): I-High-Profile Vehicle Crosswind Rollover Thresholds kanye namazinga okuvalwa kwe-Mountain Pass Wind.
  • Isikhungo Sikazwelonke Samazinga Nobuchwepheshe (NIST, United States): Uphenyo Lwenhlekelele Yangemva Komlilo we-WUI (I-Camp Fire, Tubbs Fire, kanye ne-Marshall Fire Structure-to-Structure and Ember Ignition Reports).

Iziqondiso ezihlobene