Izinambuzane Eziphilayo Ku-Ear Canal kanye Nezinto Zangaphandle Ekhaleni noma Endlebeni¶

Isilokazane esiphilayo esikhasayo, esibhayizayo, noma esiklwebha ngqo egumeni lendlebe, noma ubuhlalu, ubhontshisi, ingxenye yokudlala, uzibuthe, noma inkinobho yebhethri ephushelwe phezulu ekhaleni noma endlebeni yengane yendlebe, idinga ulwazi olunembile lwe-anatomical ukuze umhlengi angajiki ukuvinjwa okulula kube inhlekelele yokuhlinzwa. Ngoba ingxenye enamathambo engaphakathi yendlebe yomuntu idwetshwe isikhumba esincanyana esinephepha esinamathiselwe ngqo ethanjeni esinoziro fat cushion, futhi ngenxa yokuthi imilenze eyisipinki yephela noma yebhungane ibheke emuva ukuze ikwazi ukuhamba kuphela iya phambili ibheke endlebeni, ihlohla endlebeni ngoshwele noma i-swab kakotini ibangela ukuba isinambuzane sibe yindilinga, sidlule ulwelwesi oluyindingilizi. incane ithambo lesifuba iqonde emgudwini wendlebe. Okuphuthuma nakakhulu, ibhethri elithi inkinobho ye-lithium noma ozibuthe be-neodymium ababhanqiwe ngaphakathi kwekhala noma indlebe ikhiqiza amandla kagesi noma i-pressure clamp kumafinyila ashisa imbobo engapheli nge-septum yamakhala noma ithambo lomsele wendlebe phakathi** nemizuzu engu-60 kuya kwengu-120**. Ukwazi ukuthi ungaminyanisa kanjani isinambuzane esiphilayo ngokuphepha ngamaminerali noma ngamafutha omnqumo, ukwenza kanjani ubufakazi obusekelwe "Ukuqabula Kukamama" (Ukuqabula Komzali) kwezinto zangaphandle eziphephile zamakhala, nokuthi yiziphi izinto okungafanele zithinte ngisho iconsi elilodwa lamanzi kusindisa ukuzwa nobuso.

Yenza lokhu manje¶

1. Okokuqala, thola ukuthi YINI engaphakathi endlebeni noma ekhaleni ngaphambi kokuthi uthinte noma yini noma uthele noma yiluphi uketshezi:
2. Inkinobho Yebhethri noma Omazibuthe Ababhangqiwe (Ikhala noma Indlebe): Hamba uqonde Umnyango Wezimo Eziphuthumayo Esibhedlela MANJE. Gcina ingane ethi Nothing by Mouth (NPO) ukuze isuswe esimweni esiphuthumayo, futhi UNGAfaki amaconsi, izifutho, noma amanzi ekhaleni noma endlebeni.
3. Isilokazane Esiphilayo Endlebeni (Ukubhuza okukhulu, ukunwaya, nobuhlungu obukhulu): Musa UNGAKHI ukuhlohla amadladla, iminwe, noma i-swab kakotini endlebeni. Gcina umuntu ezolile, hlola ukuthi akanalo isigubhu sendlebe esinezimbobo noma amashubhu endlebe, futhi vimbela/minza isinambuzane ngokushesha ngokugcwalisa indlebe ngezinga lokushisa elilingana negumbi noma amafutha amaminerali afudumele kancane, amafutha engane, noma amafutha omnqumo/yemifino (bheka Isinyathelo sesi-3).
4. I-Dry Vegetable Matter (Ubhontshisi Owomile, Uphizi, Imbewu Yommbila, Imbewu, noma I-Popcorn) noma Igwebu Elinwebekayo/Ubuhlalu Bamanzi Endlebeni: UNGALOKOTHI ushaye noma unisele ngamanzi. Amanzi abangela ubhontshisi omisiwe, imbewu, kanye nobuhlalu be-hydrogel ukuthi buvuvuke buqine ngaphakathi kwethambo eliqinile elivalela indlebe endaweni, okubangela ubuhlungu obukhulu endlebeni.
5. Into Eqinile Ebushelelezi Ekhaleni ELILODWA Lengane Ebambisana (I-Plastic Bead, Lego Piece, Pea, Foam, noma I-Tissue Paper, HHAYI Ibhethri/Izibuthe): Yenza isilingo esisodwa esimnene "Ukuqabula KukaMama" (Ukuqabula Komzali) igalelo elihle lokucindezela 4
6. UNGALOKOTHI uhlohle amadladla, ama-swabs kakotini (ama-Q-tips), ama-bobby pin, noma iminwe endlebeni noma phezulu ekhaleni ukuze ubambe into eyindilinga. Lapho ama-tweezers ayisicaba ajwayelekile encinza imbulunga elibushelelezi, elimanzi (njengobuhlalu bepulasitiki, iparele, i-BB pellet, noma ubhontshisi), imihlathi iyashelela isuka entweni,klzzwxh:0115 umsipha wendlebe emgudwiniendlebe, noma ukusunduzela into yamakhala emuva emgudwini womoya lapho ingane ingakwazi ukuyihogela (iwuphefumulele) kuqhoqhoqho.
7. Usimisa kanjani isinambuzane esiphilayo endlebeni ngokushesha:
8. Hlala noma ulalise umuntu phansi indlebe ethintekile ibheke PHEZULU ibheke ophahleni.
9. Kuphela uma i-eardrum iqinile (ungekho umlando wembobo ye-eardrum, amashubhu endlebe, noma ukopha endlebeni): Donsa kancane indlebe yangaphandle phezulu nangemuva (kumuntu omdala) noma uqonde uhlehle uye phansi kancane (enganeni engaphansi kweminyaka engu-3) ukuze uqondise indlebe emise okuka-S, futhi uthele amafutha omnqumo* ingane, uthele amafutha* Udonga lomsele luze luphonseke phezulu, lucwilise isinambuzane ngokupheleleimizuzu emi-5 kuya kweyi-10 kuze kuphele ukunyakaza nokubhiza.
10. (Qaphela: Uma isinambuzane siyisinambuzane esincanyana esindizayo njengenundu noma insensane futhi ungakabi nawo amafutha, vala zonke izibani zegumbi bese ukhanyisa ukukhanya kwethoshi elikhanyayo khona ngaphandle kwendlebe evulekayo imizuzu engu-2 ukuze ubone ukuthi liyaphuma libheke ekukhanyeni, ungalokothi ukhanyise ukukhanya ku iphela noma ibhungane elikude nesithombe ukukhanya.)*
11. Ukwenziwa kanjani "Ukuqabula KukaMama" (Ukuqabula Komzali) kwento engeyona ibhethri ebhajwe ekhaleni ELILODWA:
12. Cela umzali omethembayo atshele ingane ukuthi bazoyinikeza "u kiss omkhulu ohlekisayo."
13. Beka umlomo womzali ovuleke ngokuphelele phezu komlomo ovulekile wengane (ukwenza uphawu oluqinile njengokuphefumula kokuhlenga).
14. Sebenzisa umunwe owodwa noma isithupha ukuze cindezela Ikhala lengane ELIVIKIWE (licace) livale ngokuphelele.
15. Nikeza ukudonsa komoya okukodwa okufushane, okucijile, okuqinile emlonyeni wengane (okuhlala ngaphansi kwesekhondi elingu-1, okwanele nje ukuzwa ukumelana njengoba i-glottis yengane ivala ngokwemvelo futhi umoya ukhuphukele ngemva kolwanga oluthambile ungene ngemuva kwekhala elivalekile), ikhiphe into ekhaleni elivalekile.
16. Hlola "Unilateral Unilateral-Shall-Smelling Ukukhipha Ikhala" Ezinganeni: Uma ingane encane noma ingane encane iba enuka kabi, evuvukile (ephuzi/eluhlaza) noma amafinyila aphuma igazi aphuma ekhaleni ELILODWA izinsuku noma amasonto, thatha umzimba wangaphandle ofihliwe wamakhala (njengesiponji, inkinobho yephepha efakwe ngaphakathi kwalelo bhethri) ikhala kuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ngenye indlela ukuhlolwa kwe-speculum yamakhala kadokotela.

Isihlahla sesinqumo se-Emergency triage: Indlebe vs. Umzimba wangaphandle wekhala & nesinambuzane esiphilayo¶

Sebenzisa leli shidi lokugeleza lomtholampilo ukuze ukhethe indlela yokususa ephephile futhi ugweme amaphutha okunisela ayingozi noma izinsimbi.

flowchart TD
    Start["Into Yangaphandle noma Isilokazane Esiphilayo<br/>ku-Ear Canal noma ekhaleni"] --> SiteCheck{"Ingabe Into Iku<br/>EAR CANAL noma I-NOSTRIL?"}

    SiteCheck -->|"INDLEBE"| EarType{"Iluphi uhlobo Lwento<br/>eku-Ear Canal?"}

    EarType -->|"ISILWANE ESIPHILAYO<br/>(Ukubhayiza, ukunwaya, ubuhlungu obukhulu)"| InsectCheck{"Ingabe Isiguli Sinamashubhu Endlebe,<br/>I-Eardrum Eyaziwa Ngezimbobo,<br/>noma Sokopha Emgodleni?"}
    InsectCheck -->|"YEBO (I-Eardrum / Amashubhu Abhoboziwe)"| InsectER["IYA KUMNYANGO LWEZIPHUTHUMAYO MANJE:<br/>Ungawatheli uwoyela noma amanzi egumeni lendlebe elinembobo;<br/>Udokotela uzosebenzisa ukumunca/ama-micro-forceps ngaphansi kwe-otoscopy"]
    InsectCheck -->|"CHA (I-Eardrum Eqinile)"| OilKill["GEZA / MIZA ISILWANE KUQALA:<br/>1. Tshekisa indlebe ethintekile PHEZULU ngasesilingini<br/>2. Gcwalisa indlebe nge-Mineral Oil, Baby Oil, noma Amafutha E-Olive<br/>3. Hlala ucwile emanzini imizuzu emi-5 ukuya kweyi-10 kuze kume konke ukunyakaza<br/>4. Bona udokotela/ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo ukuze unisele noma ukhiphe isinambuzane esifile"]

    EarType -->|"INKONONZO IBETRI noma INTO ESHICILELAYO<br/>(Ingilazi, Intambo, Ithiphu Le-Cotton Swab)"| EarUrgent["UMNYANGO OSEZIPHUTHUMAYO ESIKHONAYO:<br/>1. UNGALOKOTHI unisele noma ubeke amathonsi Enkinobho Yebhethri<br/>2. Ibhethri lishisa ithambo lomsele wendlebe nomthambo wobuso ngemuva kwamahora angu-2<br/>3. Gcina i-NPO enesineke ukuze isuswe ngokushesha nge-microscopic"]

    EarType -->|"IMIFINO MATTER / HYDROGEL<br/>(Ubhontshisi, Uphizi, Imbewu, Ummbila, Ubuhlalu Bamanzi)"| EarBean["UKUSUSWA KWE-ENT / UKLINIC (AKUKHO AMANZI):<br/>1. UNGALOKOTHI ugeze ngamanzi (ukhukhumala ubhontshisi uqine emseleni)<br/>2. Ungalokothi uhlohle ngama-tweezers; Udokotela usebenzisa i-right-engeli"]

    EarType -->|"INTO EBUTHELELE ENGINERT<br/>(Ubuhlalu BePlastiki, Itshana, Isisuli)"| EarBead["USUKU OLULUFANAYO / IZIVIVINYO ZEZOkwelashwa:<br/>Ungabambeli ngotwayi (uphusha i-bony isthmus);<br/>Umtholampilo ususa nge-catheter yokumunca, induku ye-cyanoacrylate,<br/>ihuku ye-right-angle, noma ukunisela ngamanzi afudumele"]

    SiteCheck -->|"I-NOSTRIL (Ikhala Lamakhala)"| NoseType{"Hlobo Luni Lwento<br/>eseNostril?"}

    NoseType -->|"IBHATHINI YEBHATHI noma IZIZINBINI ABABANISIWE<br/>(noma I-Crusts Emnyama/Egazi + Nobuhlungu)"| NoseBattery["UMNYANGO OSEZIPHUTHUMAYO OYIMINITHI engu-60:<br/>1. Ukubhobozwa kwe-Septal cartilage kwenzeka emahoreni angu-1 ukuya kwangu-2<br/>2. UNGALOKOTHI usebenzise i-saline nasal spray noma amaconsi amanzi<br/>3. Gcina i-NPO yengane ukuze ikhishwe ngokushesha kwe-endoscopic"]

    NoseType -->|"I-INERT EPHEPHILE NOMA INTO EYI-ORGANIC<br/>(Ubuhlalu, Uphizi, I-Lego, Igwebu, I-Wad Yephepha)<br/>Enganeni Epholile, Eqaphelayo"| MothersKiss["YENZA 'UKUNGA KUKAMAMA' (NOMA UVULA Ikhala):<br/>1. Ingane/umuntu omdala: Vala ikhala elicacile futhi ushaye ikhala ngamandla<br/>2. Ingane encane: Vala umlomo phezu komlomo wengane, cindezela okuthi CLEAR<br/> ukuvala ikhala ngomunwe, phefumula umoya oku-1 okufushane okuqinile<br/>3. Uma ukukhukhumeza oku-2 kuhluleka -> Iya kokuthi Ukunakekelwa Okuphuthumayo / ER (Ungalokothi usebenzise ama-tweezers)"]

Ingxenye 1: Izinambuzane Eziphilayo Emzileni Wendlebe¶

Kungani isinambuzane esiphilayo endlebeni sibangela ubuhlungu obukhulu nokwethuka¶

Umsele wokuzwa ongaphandle womuntu ungumhubhe omise okumise okwe-S ongaboni kahle ocishe ube \(2.5\text{ centimeters}\) (\(1\text{ inch}\)) ubude oncipha ku-bottleneck ebizwa ngokuthi bony isthmus ngaphambi nje kwe-eardrum: 1. I-Outer Third (I-Cartilaginous Canal): Ifakwe isikhumba esishubile, izicubu zezinwele, nezindlala zendlebe. 2. I-Inner Two-Thirds (I-Osseous/Bony Canal) ne-Tympanic Membrane: Ilayishwe isikhumba kuphela esingu-\(0.2\text{ millimeters}\) ugqinsi enamathiselwe ngqo ku-periosteum yethambo logebhezi olunamafutha angaphansi kwesikhumba ayiziro, avalelwe amagatsha e-Trigeminal Nerves Nerve (Cerveal Nerve) (Cerveal Nerve), GNsophal V. Inzwa (CN IX), kanye ne-Vagus Nerve (CN X, i-Arnold's nerve). 3. Okwenza isinambuzane singakwazi ukuhlehla ngokwaso: Izinambuzane ezivamile zasendlini ezikhasa ezindlebeni ebusuku kuyilapho abantu belele phansi, bakanise ngaphandle, noma engadini, ikakhulukazi amaphela aseJalimane (Blattella germanica), amabhungane, ama-earwig, amabhu, izintuthwane amakhanda**, nezintuthwane ezikhomba emuva emilenzeni yabo. Lapho sezikhasa emseleni omfushane we-ear canal, azikwazi ukuphenduka futhi imilenze yazo eyisihluthulelo ibambe izindonga zomsele uma zizama ukuhlehla. Ngaso sonke isikhathi uma isinambuzane sizama ukuya phambili, izinzipho zaso ziklabalala ngokuqondile kulwelwesi oluzwela kakhulu i-tympanic, lukhiqize ukuduma okuvala izindlebe ngaphakathi kwekhanda lesiguli futhi kubangele ubuhlungu obukhulu nesicanucanu (nge-Arnold's vagal reflex).

Umthetho #1 Wokukhipha Izinambuzane: Hlala UBULALA / UHLANGANISE isinambuzane NGAPHAMBI kokuthi noma ubani azame ukusisusa¶

Ngisho naseminyangweni yezimo eziphuthumayo esibhedlela, ucwaningo lwezokwelapha lubonisa ukuthi ukuzama ukukhiphasinambuzane esiphilayo, esidonsa kanzima embotsheni yendlebe nge forceps kwehluleka noma kubangela imibhobho yomsele, ukopha, nokugqabuka kwezindlebe ngamazinga aphezulu, ngenxa yokuthi isinambuzane siqinisa imilenze yaso enemihlaba odongeni lwamathambo futhi siklebhula izinzipho zangaphambili zibe yizicucu.

Isinyathelo Ngesinyathelo Iphrothokholi Yokumisa Ekhaya (Lapho I-Eardrum Iqinile): 1. Qinisekisa ukuthi AKUKHO yini ukubhobozwa kwesigubhu sendlebe: Buza ukuthi ingabe umuntu unawo yini amashubhu endlebe (tympanostomy grommets), imbobo eyaziwayo ku-eardrum, noma ukopha kakhulu/uketshezi olucacile oluphuma endlebeni ngemva kokulimala. (Uma benesigubhu sendlebe esinebhobhobhobhosi noma amashubhu endlebe, UNGAtheleli noma yiluphi uketshezi endlebeni; thulisa isiguli, ubambe indwangu emanzi efudumele ngaphandle kwendlebe ukuze uvale umsindo, bese uya ngqo emnyangweni wezimo eziphuthumayo.) 2. Misa isiguli: Cela umuntu alale ngohlangothi (noma ahlale ebhekise ikhanda lakhe emaceleni eqamele phezu komcamelo) indlebe ethintekile ibheke PHEZULU ophahleni. 3. Khetha uketshezi oluphephile lwe-viscous oluminyanisa: - Izinketho ezingcono kakhulu zasekhaya: Amafutha amaminerali, amafutha engane anganuki, amafutha omnqumo, noma amafutha emifino/e-canolakuzinga lokushisa kwegumbi noma izinga lokushisa lomzimba elisivivi (akushisi.). - Kungani uwoyela we-viscous ungcono kunamanzi avamile ekhaya: Izinambuzane ziphefumula ngezimbobo ezincane eziseceleni kwemizimba yazo ezibizwa ngokuthi spiracles, ezimbozwe uboya be-wax obungamanzi (hydrophobic) obuvumela amabhungane namaphela amaningi ukuba aphile ngaphansi kwamanzi imizuzu engu-15 kuya kwengu-30 ngenkathi ebhuquza. Amafutha e-Viscous (uwoyela wamaminerali noma uwoyela we-olive) agcoba ngokushesha futhi axhume i-hydrophobic spiracles ngesenzo se-capillary, akhubaze futhi aminyanise isinambuzane phakathi kwamasekhondi angu-30 kuya kwangu-120 kuyilapho sisintanta kancane kude ne-eardrum. - (Isaziso sesibhedlela: Emnyangweni wezimo eziphuthumayo, odokotela basebenzisa 2% viscous noma i-lidocaine enamanzi noma amafutha amaminerali, avala indlebe futhi akhubaze imigudu ye-sodium yephela, nakuba uwoyela wamaminerali ukhubaza ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane ngokushesha okukhulu ngaphandle kokuluma isikhumba esiluhlaza.) 4. Qinisekisa indlebe bese ugcwalisa umphetho: - Kumuntu omdala noma ingane engaphezu kweminyaka engu-3: Bamba ngobumnene ingaphezulu lendlebe yangaphandle (pinna) bese uyidonsa PHEZULU KANYE NASEMUVA ukuze uqondise ijika lika-S. - Ngosana olusanda kuzalwa noma olusacathula oluneminyaka engaphansi kwengu-3: Donsa indlebe yangaphandle ngobumnene IQONDILE NGEMUVA futhi PHANSI kancane. - Kancane kancane uthele noma wehlise uwoyela phansi odongeni oluseceleni lomsele wendlebe (uvumele amabhamuza omoya avaleleke ngemuva kwesinambuzane abaleke) kuze kube yilapho uwoyela egcwala khona kanye emnyango womsele. 5. Linda imizuzu emi-5 ukuya kweyi-10 egcwele: Gcina umuntu elele enganyakazi indlebe ibheke phezulu kuze kube yilapho konke ukunwaya, ukubhayiza, nokunyakaza kuphele ngokuphelele okungenani imizuzu emi-5. 6. Khipha uwoyela ngobumnene futhi ufune ukukhishwa kwesinambuzane esifile ngokwezokwelapha: Cela umuntu atshekise ikhanda phezu kwethawula indlebe ethintekile ibheke phansi. Ngezinye izikhathi insensane encane noma intuthwane intanta ngaphandle kanye namafutha. Uma isinambuzane esifile (noma iyiphi ingxenye yaso) sihlala ngaphakathi komsele wendlebe, hamba emtholampilo wokunakekelwa okuphuthumayo noma umnyango wezimo eziphuthumayo ngalolo suku ukuze umtholampilo akwazi ukudonsa noma akhiphe isidumbu esiphelele futhi ahlole i-eardrum, okushiya izingxenye zezinambuzane ezifile ngaphakathi komsele wendlebe efudumele kubangela i-bacterial/fungal enamandla i-otitis externa kungakapheli amahora angu-48.

Ingxenye 2: Izinto Zangaphandle Ezingaphili Endlebeni Yendlebe¶

Izingane ezineminyaka engu-2 kuya kwengu-8* zivame ukuphusha ubuhlalu, izingxenye ezincane zamathoyizi epulasitiki, amatshe amatshe, izikhwebu ze-popcorn, ubhontshisi omisiwe, amathiphu ekhrayoni, noma amabhethri amabhathini endlebeni yazo noma yomdlali adlala naye, kuyilapho abantu abadala ngokuvamile bephula i-cotton swab (Q-tip) amathiphu kakotini, injoloba yerabhaizindlebe ezingenaluthoizindlebe zokuzwaizindlebe ezingenalutho amathiphu e-silicone ye-earbud* ngaphakathi kwe-canal.

Izigaba ezi-4 Zemizimba Yangaphandle Yezindlebe nokuthi Ngayinye Kufanele Iphathwe Kanjani¶

Kungani Ukukhandlela Indlebe (Amakhandlela Endlebe YakwaHopi) Kunqatshelwe Ngokuqinile¶

Ungalokothi usebenzise i-wax engenalutho "amakhandlela endlebe" ukuze uzame ukumunca into yangaphandle, isinambuzane, noma ipulaki ye-earwax. Izifundo ze-biomedical ezilawulwayo kanye ne- US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) kanye ne-AAO-HNS ziqinisekisa ukuthi amakhandlela ezindlebeni akhiqiza i-zero vacuum suction ngaphakathi komsele wendlebe (impushana ewuketshezi engaphakathi kwekhandlela elishile iphuma ngokuphelele ku-wax yekhandlela ngokwalo) futhi avame ukuconsa **i-wax ebilayo ewuketshezi ngqo endlebeni yokuzwa nokusha okungapheli.

Ingxenye 3: Izinto Zangaphandle Ekhaleni (Ikhala Lamakhala)¶

I-Anatomy ye-Nasal Cavity: Kungani ukuphushela phezulu kuyiphutha elingu-#1¶

Lapho abazali bebheka ikhala lengane ngaphandle, ibhuloho langaphandle lekhala lehlela phezulu libheke ngasemehlweni, okuholela abantu ekucabangeni ukuthi ikhala liya phezulu phezulu. - Into Engokoqobo Ye-Anatomical: Iphansi lekhala lomuntu (ngaphezulu lolwanga oluqinile / uphahla lomlomo) ligijima liqonde emuva lihlehle livundlile (\(90\text{ degrees}\) perpendicular to face) libheke ngemuva komphimbo (the nasopharynx). - Cishe amaphesenti angama-90 emizimba yangaphandle yamakhaleni ahlala endaweni eyodwa kwezimbili: ngaphakathi nje kwesitezi esingaphambili sekhala ngaphansi kwe-turbinate ephansi, noma kwesokudla phambi kwe-injini yomoya ephakathi nendawo. - Kungani ukuphokophela phezulu noma ukusebenzisa ama-tweezers kuyingozi: Ukuphakamisela phezulu kuklwebha inethiwekhi yemithambo ethambile engxenyeni engaphambili yamakhala (Kiesselbach's plexus / Little's area), okubangela isilonda esinzima. opha ngamakhala lokho kufihla into ngokuphelele. Okubi nakakhulu, ukusunduza ubuhlalu noma imakinati emuva kuwuwise phezu konqenqema olungemuva lolwanga ngqo malaka kanye noqhoqhoqho, okubangela ukuphila okuyingozi kakhulu. ukuklinywa.

Isimo Esiphuthumayo #1 Ekhaleni: Amabhethri Enkinobho Nozibuthe Be-Neodymium Ababhanqiwe¶

1. Amabhethri Enkinobho Ekhaleni (I-Necrosis Emaminithini angu-60 kuya kwangu-120)¶

Lapho uhlamvu lwemali oluncane noma ibhethri lenkinobho (\(3\text{V}\) lithium noma \(1.5\text{V}\) silver-oxide/alkaline battery kusuka kusizwa-zwayo, ithoyizi elincane, isibali, noma ikhadi lokubingelela lomculo) liphushezelwa ekhaleni lengane: - Amafinyila asemakhaleni amanzi, anosawoti avala amatheminali ebhethri ephozithivu (\(+\)) kanye nenegethivu (\(-\)), agcwalise isekethi ye-electrolytic yangaphandle. - Esigxotsheni esithi negative (\(-\)) (uhlangothi oluyisicaba, oluncane lwebhethri), i-electrolysis yamanzi ikhiqiza ama-ioni we-hydroxide (\(\text{OH}^-\)), okwenza i-sodium hydroxide egxilile (caustic lye ene-\(\text{pH}\) engu-\(12\text{ ukuya ku-}13\)). - I-Liquefaction necrosis incibilikisa ulwelwesi lwamafinyila futhi idle iqonde kwi-cartilaginous nasal septum phakathi*** nemizuzu engu-60 kuya kweyi-120**, okushiya ukubhobozwa kwe-septal unomphela ** (imbobo eshaya umlozi phakathi kwamakhala), ukubhidlika kwesihlalo sekhala kwebhuloho lekhala, noma ukuguguleka kwekhala eliqinile. - Izimpawu Eziyisixwayiso Zebhethri Lenkinobho Yamakhala Engakaziwe: Ubuhlungu obungalindelekile obuhlangothini olulodwa emakhaleni, ukucikeka, okunsundu ngokumnyama, okumnyama, noma ukugqwala/ukudonsa kwamanzi okuphuma igazi ekhaleni elilodwa, ukuvuvukala kobuso emakhaleni/esweni, noma iphunga elinjengensimbi. - Imithetho Yosizo Lokuqala: Iya eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo Wesibhedlela ngokushesha. Ungalokothi ufake amaconsi anosawoti, izifutho zamakhala, noma amanzi. Gcina ingane Ingenalutho Ngomlomo (NPO).

2. Omazibuthe Abanamandla Aphezulu Ababhanqiwe Kuwo wonke I-Septum Yamakhala¶

Izingane ezindala kanye nentsha ngezinye izikhathi zibeka omazibuthe ababili abancane be-neodymium abayivelakancane (noma "izindandatho zekhala ze-faux") ezizibuthe ngaphakathi kwamakhala ngakho banqamula ndawonye phakathi kweseptum yamakhala. - Ukukhanga kazibuthe okunamandla kuchoboza imithambo yegazi ye-mucosal entekenteke (perichondrium) ephakela uqwanga lwe-septum yamakhala. - Phakathi** namahora angu-2 kuya kwangu-6**, i-ischemic pressure necrosis ibhubhisa uqwanga lwe-septal futhi ibhoboze imbobo ehlala njalo nge-septum. - Ukususwa Okuphuthumayo: Ozibuthe bamakhala ababhanqiwe badinga ukususwa ngokushesha komnyango wezimo eziphuthumayo (ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa amathuluzi angewona azibuthe, amashimu epulasitiki amancane, noma omagnethi bangaphandle abaphikisayo ngemva kokubulala izinzwa/i-vasoconstriction).

Isinyathelo Ngesinyathelo Umhlahlandlela Wendlela "Yokuqabula KukaMama" (Ukuqabula Komzali)¶

Ento eyaziwayo ephephile (njengobuhlalu bepulasitiki, ipizi, ijikijolo, ucezu lwegwebu, noma i-Lego stud, ibhethri engakaze ibe nenkinobho, uzibuthe, noma ingilazi/uphini obukhali) efakwe Ekhaleni ELILODWA lengane ephapheme, ephakathi kweminyaka engu-1 no-8*,"I-Kiss Of Mother, i-Kiss Engenabazali" indlela egunyazwe imihlahlandlela yemithi yezimo eziphuthumayo (I-Cochrane Systematic Review kanye neminyango emikhulu yezimo eziphuthumayo yezingane) exosha ngempumelelo into ekuphefumuleni kokuqala noma kwesibili ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angu-60 ezimo, ngokugwema amathuluzi ensimbi asabekayo noma ukulaliswa esibhedlela:

Isinyathelo 1: Lungiselela Futhi Uqinisekise Ingane¶

• Gcina ingane ihlezi iqondile (incike kancane) ethangeni lomzali omethembayo.
• Chaza le nqubo njengomdlalo noma "ukuqabula okumangalisayo" ukuze ingane ingakhali noma ihogele kakhulu. (Uma ingane isikhulile futhi ikwazi ukulandela iziqondiso, qala uyicele ukuthi ivele cindezela ikhala elicacile elivala ngomunwe owodwa bese ivuthela ikhala layo ngamandla ngekhala elivalekile ivale umlomo, lokho kukodwa kuvame ukuphumela ngaphandle.)

Isinyathelo sesi-2: Vala Umlomo bese Uvala Ikhala Elicacile¶

• Umzali ubeka umlomo wakhe ovulekile uqine phezu komlomo ovulekile wengane, enze isivalo esingangeni moya ngokuphelele ezindebeni zomntwana (okufana nokunikeza umoya wokuhlenga umlomo nomlomo).
• Ngesithupha noma ngomunwe wokukhomba, umzali ucindezela uhlangothi lwekhala lengane ELIVULIWE (elingenalutho) libheke phansi ku-septum ukuze alivale, okushiya ikhala elivinjiwe livuleke kakhulu.

Isinyathelo sesi-3: Letha Impushana Yomoya Eyodwa Efushane, Ebukhali¶

• Njengoba umzali eqala ukuphefumula kancane, i-reflex ye-pharyngeal yemvelo yengane ivala i-glottis (vocal cords)* yayo ukuze ivikele amaphaphu, ikhiphe umoya ophefumulayo ukhuphuke ngemva kolwanga oluthambile ungene ku-nasopharynx futhi uqonde phambili ngomgudu wamakhala ovalekile ngemuva kwento.
• Lapho umzali ezwa lokho kungezwani okuncane emlonyeni wengane, uletha ukudonsa komoya okukodwa okufushane, okubukhali, okuqinile (okuthatha cishe imizuzwana engu-0.5, ungafutheli kakhulu njengokuphefumula kwamaphaphu ajulile).
• Umfutho womoya oqondile ukhipha ubuhlalu noma ipizi iqonde ngaphambili kwekhala elivinjiwe esihlathini somzali noma ithawula.

Isinyathelo sesi-4: Yazi Isikhathi Sokumisa ("Umkhawulo Wokuzama Okubili")¶

• Uma into ingaphumi (noma iye onqenqemeni olungaphambili lapho iwela khona) ngemva kokudonsa umoya oku-2, YIMA ngokushesha bese uyisa ingane emtholampilo wokunakekela ophuthumayo noma emnyangweni wezimo eziphuthumayo.
• Kungani i-Kiss KaMama inengozi ecishe ibe yiziro yokuphusha into emaphashini? Ngenxa yokuthi umfutho womoya ophozithivu uhamba usuka emlonyeni ukhuphuke uye phambili uphume ekhaleni, i-airflow vector iphusha into isuke endleleni yomoya, hhayi ngakuyo.

Ungayibona kanjani Ikhala "Elikhohliwe" Noma Indlebe Yangaphandle Yezinsuku Ezinsukwini Kamuva¶

Izingane ezincane ezineminyaka engu-1 kuya kwengu-4 zivame ukuphusha ucezu lokudla, isipontshi, iphepha lethishu, ikhrayoni, noma ubuhlalu emakhaleni noma endlebeni ngaphandle kokutshela muntu. Buka lawa masignesha okuxilonga abambezelekile:

Umbhalo oqondile wokuxhumana we-911/112/999 kanye nokuhlolwa esibhedlela¶

Sebenzisa le mibhalo ecacile yomtholampilo lapho ufika emnyangweni wezimo eziphuthumayo noma ucela usizo:

• Ngebhethri Lenkinobho Esolisayo Ekhaleni Noma Endlebeni (Isimo Esiphuthumayo Esisheshayo):

  "Ukuhlola izimo eziphuthumayo: ingane yami [Yobudala] ubudala ifake IBHATHINI Esolwa ngokuba khona [ekhaleni lesobunxele/kwesokudla / indlebe] cishe emizuzwini engu-[Inombolo] edlule [noma inoqweqwe olumnyama olubomvu olunegazi oluvela ekhaleni elilodwa nebhethri elingekho ethoyizini]. ukubhobozwa kwe-septal noma i-ear canal bone necrosis phakathi kwemizuzu engu-60 kuya kwengu-120, sidinga ukubonwa udokotela ngokushesha kanye nokukhipha khona manje."

• Ngesinambuzane esiphilayo ku-Ear Canal:

  *"Isiguli sinesinambuzane esiphilayo esivaleleke ekujuleni kwendlebe [kwesokunxele/kwesokudla] esibangela ubuhlungu obunzima ngokumelene ne-eardrum. Ngenxa yokuthi isiguli sine [i-eardrum engaguquki, sasivimbela isinambuzane ngamafutha amaminerali / omnqumo / umlando we-eardrum ene-perforated, asizange sifake noma yiluphi uketshezi], futhi sidinga ukukhishwa kwe-otoscopic ngokushesha kanye ne-eardoscopy."

• Ngobhontshisi Ophilayo/Imbewu noma Ubuhlalu obujulile Endlebeni noma Ekhaleni:

  *"Ingane [Yami] enonyaka ubudala [inobhontshisi obomile / ubuhlalu bamanzi / ubuhlalu bepulasitiki] obufakwe [endlebeni / ekhaleni lesobunxele/kwesokudla]. ASIYIKHANGELE ngamadlanzana futhi ASIWUCELELE ubhontshisi ngamanzi. Sidinga i-otoscopic/ikhala sisebenzisa ihuku elibheke kwesokudla noma i-catheter yokumunca."

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa¶

Kungani ukuthela uwoyela wamaminerali noma uwoyela we-olive endlebeni kumisa isinambuzane esiphilayo ngokushesha kunamanzi, futhi nini OKUNGAMELE uwasebenzise nini uwoyela?¶

Izinambuzane ziphefumula ngezimbotshana ezincane ezisemizimbeni yazo ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-spiracles azungezwe uboya obuxosha amanzi, okuvumela amaphela namabhungane ukuba aphile ngaphansi kwamanzi imizuzu eminingi kuyilapho eshaya i-eardrum yakho. Amafutha amaminerali e-Viscous, amafutha ezingane, noma amafutha omnqumo agqoke ngokushesha futhi avimbele lezo zimbotshana zokuphefumula ze-hydrophobic, ziminyanise futhi zikhubaze isinambuzane phakathi kwemizuzu engu-1 kuya kwemi-2; Nokho, akufanele neze uthele amafutha noma yiluphi uketshezi endlebeni uma umuntu enamashubhu endlebe noma imbobo eyaziwayo (ukubhobozwa) esigumeni sendlebe yakhe, noma uma into ingesona isinambuzane.

Kungani kuyingozi kangaka ukusebenzisa izintambo zasendlini noma i-swab kakotini ukuze uzame ukukhipha ubuhlalu noma itshe endlebeni noma ekhaleni lomntwana?¶

Indlebe yomuntu incipha ibe ibhodlela elingamathambo (i-isthmus) ngaphambi nje kwesigubhu sendlebe esintekenteke, futhi ama-tweezers ayisicaba awakwazi ukuvuleka ngokwanele kulowo mhubhe omncane ukuze afinyelele ngemva komhlalu oyindilinga. Lapho ama-tweezers ayisicaba encinza ubuhlalu obushelelayo obugobile obungaphambili bobuhlalu noma ubhontshisi, busebenza njengomcengezi bese budubula into ijule idlule imbodlela engamathambo buqonde egumeni lendlebe, noma iphushe ubuhlalu bamakhala bubuyele emuva phezu kolwanga bungene epayipini lomoya lengane.

Kungani UNGALINGE ukhiphe amanzi endlebeni equkethe ubhontshisi omisiwe, uphizi, uhlamvu lwe-popcorn, noma ubuhlalu bamanzi?¶

Imifino eyomisiwe (ubhontshisi, uphizi, izikhwebu zommbila, imbewu) kanye nobuhlalu bamanzi bokwenziwa be-hydrogel buyi-hygroscopic, okusho ukuthi bumunca ngokushesha amanzi futhi banwebe izikhathi eziningana ngobukhulu bawo omile. Ngenxa yokuthi izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zangaphakathi zomsele wendlebe zimbozwe ethanjeni logebhezi oluqinile elingakwazi ukwelula, ukuthela amanzi kubhontshisi kubangela ukuthi livuvukele ngokuqinile ezindongeni ezingamathambo emizuzwini embalwa, okubangela ubuhlungu obukhulu bengcindezi, i-necrosis yesikhumba, futhi kwenze ukukhishwa okungahlinzwa kucishe kungenzeki.

Ibhethri lenkinobho encane ekhaleni lengane lingayishisa kanjani imbobo ekhaleni ngehora elingu-1 noma ngabe ibhethri libonakala "lifile"?¶

Ngisho nebhethri yenkinobho "echithiwe" engasakwazi ukunika ithoyizi amandla anele ngokwanele (ngaphezu kwamavolthi angu-1.2) ukuze ishayele amandla kagesi lapho amafinyila aphuma ekhaleni anosawoti axhuma izindawo zawo zensimbi eziphozithivu nezingezinhle. Lawo mandla kagesi ahlukanisa ama-molecule amanzi esigxotsheni esinegethivu sebhethri abe yi-sodium hydroxide egxilile (caustic lye), encibilikisa uqwanga lwamakhala ekhaleni phakathi kwemizuzu engama-60 kuya kweyi-120; ungalokothi ufafaze i-saline emakhaleni, futhi uye egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo ngokushesha.

Imithombo ihloliwe¶

• I-American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS, United States): Imvumelwano Yomtholampilo kanye Nesiqondiso Sokuphepha Kwesiguli Emizimbeni Yangaphandle Endlebeni Nekhala, Ukunganyakazi Kwezinambuzane Eziphilayo (Amafutha Amaminerali / I-Lidocaine), kanye Nenkinobho Yebhethri / Izimo Eziphuthumayo ZikaMazibuthe.
• Isikhungo Sikazwelonke Sobuthi Besikhulu (i-United States) kanye ne-European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN): Inkinobho Yokungenisa Ibhethri kanye Ne-Nasal/Otic Impaction Triage and Management Guidelines (ukwenqatshelwa kokuwa kosawoti/amanzi kumabhethri enkinobho yamakhala noma ye-otic kanye nokususwa kwehora elingu-$<2{pic le-endopic ngokushesha).
• Isizindalwazi se-Cochrane Sokubuyekezwa Okuhlelekile kanye ne-Canadian Medical Association Journal (CMAJ): Isu "Lokuqabula KukaMama" (Ukuqabula Komzali) Kwemizimba Yangaphandle Yamakhala Ekhaleni Ezinganeni: Ukusebenza Nokuphepha Kwe-Meta-Analysis (Cook et al., CMAJ; \(>60\%\) izinga lempumelelo elibucayi elizirothi).
• Isevisi Yezempilo Kazwelonke (NHS, United Kingdom) kanye ne-Royal College of Emergency Medicine (RCEM, United Kingdom): Iziqondiso Zempilo Yezingane Nezikhala Zomzimba Wangaphandle (ubhejani olunuka kabi oluhlangene njengophawu lomzimba wangaphandle wamakhala).
• Izinqubo Zomtholampilo zikaRoberts noHedges' Emithi Yezimo Eziphuthumayo: Izindlela Zokukhipha Umzimba Wangaphandle We-Otic kanye Nekhala (Right-Angle Hook, Schuchman Suction, Katz Extractor, Cyanoacrylate, and Cockroach Immobilization).

Iziqondiso ezihlobene¶

• Ukungezwa okungazelelwe (ukushaywa kwezindlebe) kanye nosizo lokuqala oludabukile oludabukile
• I-CPR yezingane nezinsana kanye nokuklinywa
• Ithambo lenhlanzi eligwinywe, ithambo lenkukhu, kanye nokuthinta ukudla kommizo
• I-Nosebleeds (epistaxis) usizo lokuqala
• Ukuminyanisa usizo lokuqala abadala kanye nezingane