I-Federal Pacific (FPE) I-Stab-Lok ne-Zinsco Electrical Panel: Imililo Yokuhluleka Kokuhamba¶

Uma indlu yakho, ifulethi, noma isakhiwo sezentengiselwano sakhiwa noma salungiswa kabusha phakathi kuka-1950 no-1990 futhi siqukethe iphaneli ye-Federal Pacific Electric (FPE) Stab-Lok* noma Zinsco (ethengiswa njenge-GTE-Sylvania noma i-Kearney) iphaneli yama-circuit breaker, isistimu yakho yokusabalalisa ugesi iphethe isici esinzima somlilo esicashile. Ngokungafani namasekhethi esimanje ashisayo-kazibuthe avuleka ngokuthembekile phakathi kwama-milliseconds ocingo olufile oluyingozi oluningi noma oluqhubekayo, amabreaker e-FPE Stab-Lok kanye ne-Zinsco ngokuvamile ujamu uvalwa ngaphakathi kuyilapho isibambo sokuguqula sepulasitiki sihlala siqinile endaweni ethi ON. Lapho izintambo zikagesi ziphela, isifudumezi sesikhala silayisha ngokweqile isekethe yegatsha legumbi, noma i-compressor ye-air conditioner iyakhiya, i-breaker jammed ivumela 50 kuya ku-200+ ama-amps we-fault current ukuthi ithulule ngokuqhubekayo kuzintambo ezincane ze-14-AWG noma ezingu-12-AWG zethusi noma ze-aluminium zikalwe ngama-amp angu-20 kuphela noma ama-amp angu-20 kuphela. Ngemizuzwana nje, ikhondakta yekhopha noma ye-aluminium engaphakathi kwezindonga zakho ishisa idlule 600 degrees Celsius (1,112 degrees Fahrenheit), incibilikisa insalela yayo yepulasitiki, izigxobo zodonga olubasayo kanye nokufakwa kwe-attic, noma ukushisela ibreaker ngqo kubhasi ebukhoma ngaphakathi kwekhabethe lensimbi. Uma uzwa iphunga lepulasitiki elivuthayo noma iphunga lenhlanzi ebolayo eduze kwebhokisi lakho likagesi, uzwa kuqhuma noma 60-Hz kuqhuma ngemva komnyango wephaneli yensimbi, noma ubona ukugoqeka kwentuthu odongeni noma ikhava yephaneli, shayela indawo yangakini. izinombolo eziphuthumayo ngokushesha, buyekeza yethu I-electro panel arcing kanye nomhlahlandlela wokushisa ngokweqile, hlola wethu Umhlahlandlela wokusinda womlilo kagesi kanye nezinhlansi, futhi uthintane nathi izindawo ezifudumele zodonga kanye nomhlahlandlela wezintambo zegatsha le-aluminium.

Ngenxa yokuthi i-FPE eminyene noma i-Zinsco breaker ingahlala ishiselwe kubha yebhasi enamandla ngisho noma usuphenyise isibambo sayo sokuguqula sepulasitiki sithi IVALI, ungalokothi ucabange ukuthi isifunda sifile ngokubheka isibambo. Ukwazi ukuthi ungazihlonza kanjani lezi zikhungo zomthwalo wefa ezinesici ngaphandle kokukhipha ikhava engaphambili, ukusika amandla ngokuphephile ekunqamulweni kwemitha yangaphandle, futhi ukhiphe imithwalo esezingeni eliphezulu kuze kube yilapho osebenza ngogesi onelayisensi ethatha indawo yephaneli kungavimbela umlilo wesakhiwo.

Yenza lokhu manje¶

1. Uma iphaneli kagesi icwebezela, iphuma, iyabhema, isawolintshi esikhazimulayo, noma ukushisa okukhiphayo ngomnyango wensimbi ongaphandle: UNGATHI THINTI umnyango wephaneli noma uphenye noma yiziphi izinqamuleli ngaphakathi kuwo. Iphutha le-arc lebhasi langaphakathi ngaphakathi kwekhabhinethi ye-Federal Pacific noma ye-Zinsco lingakhuphukela ku-5,000-degree-Celsius-degree-Celsius (9-000-degree-Flash-arc phase arc) ukuqhuma* khona manjalo isandla sakho sidlidliza ikhabethe noma siphenyisa ibreaker short ngaphansi komthwalo. Gcina wonke umuntu okungenani engu-3 amamitha (amafidi angu-10)* kude, khipha isakhiwo ngokushesha, futhi ushayele u-911 e-United States nase-Canada, 112 ngaphesheya kwe-European Union, noma 999 e-United Kingdom.
2. Khipha zonke izinto zikagesi eziphathwayo ezidonsa amanzi amaningi endlini yonke ngokushesha ukuze udedele amandla agelezayo kuphaneli. Ngaphambi kokuthi uthinte noma yimaphi amaswishi ephaneli ye-FPE efudumele noma esolekayo noma esolakalayo ye-FPE noma ye-Zinsco, hamba phakathi kwesakhiwo bese ucisha noma ukhiphe *ama-heaters aphathekayo angu-1,500-watt, amafasitela air conditioner, okomisa izinwele, okomisa izingubo zikagesi, ama-microwave oveni kagesi Ukwehlisa i-amperage kumasekethe egatsha kumisa ukufudumeza okungamelani (I squared R) kuwo wonke amabhasi agqwalile futhi kunciphisa amandla e-arc-flash.
3. Sika amandla Ku-Exterior Main Meter Nqamula (uma ikhona) kunokuthembela ku-FPE enezigxobo ezimbili "Split-Bus" noma i-breaker main ye-Zinsco. Hamba ngaphandle uye kusisekelo samamitha wakho wokusetshenziswa kukagesi. Uma kukhona i-lever evikela isimo sezulu noma ibhokisi le-breaker main langaphandle elibekwe eduze kwemitha yengilazi, yima eceleni, ubheke eceleni, bese udonsa isibambo sokunqamula sangaphandle siye phansi siye kokuthi VALIWE ngesandla esisodwa.
4. Qonda i-"Dead-Man Handle Trap": ungalokothi uthembe i-FPE Stab-Lok noma i-Zinsco breaker ejikisiwe yaba IVALI. Ukuhlolwa kwaselabhorethri kufakazele ukuthi uma i-Federal Pacific i-two-pole breaker noma i-Zinsco aluminium-breaker yehluleka ngaphansi kwesekethe emfushane, indlela yokuxhumana yangaphakathi ivamise ukuzishisela ngokwayo ukuze ivale unomphela noma i-plastic ibamba i-travel OFF. Hlala uphatha zonke izintambo ezingaphakathi kwesakhiwo njengezibukhoma 120V/240V kuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi zifile ngesihloli samandla kagesi esingathinteki kanye ne-multimeter yedijithali.
5. **Ungalokothi ufutha amanzi, ikhemikhali emanzi, noma igwebu kuphaneli yezinqamuleli zokubhema.*Sebenzisa kuphela Ikilasi C elilinganiselwe (i-Dry Chemical ABC noma i-Carbon Dioxide \(\text{CO}_2\)) isicishamlilo kusukela okungenani ngamamitha angu-1.8 (amafidi angu-6) uma amalangabi amancane ebonakala ngaphandle kwekhabethe futhi indlela yakho yokuphuma icacile.
6. Ungasikhiphi isembozo sesikulufu sensimbi "yangaphambili" yensimbi kuphaneli ye-Zinsco noma ye-FPE ngokwakho. Kumaphaneli e-Zinsco, amabhasi e-aluminium agqwalile neziqeshana zentwasahlobo ezincibilikile zinamathela ngemuva kweziphuli; ukudonsa ipuleti elifile lensimbi liye phambili kungasusa isinqamuli esincibilike uhhafu kubha yebhasi eseduze yesigaba esiphambene, okucupha 240-volt bolted short circuit amayintshi ukusuka ebusweni bakho.

Isihlahla sesinqumo: Ukuhlolwa kwamaphaneli e-FPE Stab-Lok kanye neZinsco/Sylvania¶

Sebenzisa lesi sihlahla sesinqumo ukuze unqume ukuthi ngabe isimo sakho sidinga ukukhishwa ngokushesha komnyango wezicishamlilo, ukuvalwa kwezinsiza eziphuthumayo, noma ukucishwa kukagesi okuphuthumayo.

flowchart TD
    Start["I-Federal Pacific (FPE) okusolwa ukuthi i-Stab-Lok noma i-Zinsco / Sylvania Panel"] --> SensoryCheck{"Ingabe zikhona izimpawu ezisebenzayo zesexwayiso okwamanje?"}

    SensoryCheck -->|"A. Intuthu esebenzayo, izinhlansi, ukunkeneneza/ukucwebezela, iphunga elishisayo/eliyinhlanzi, noma umnyango wephaneli wensimbi oshisayo"| EmergencyEvac["OKUPHUTHUMAYO OKUSHESHAYO KOMLILO: 1. UNGATHINSI isicabha sephaneli noma izibambo 2. Khipha wonke umuntu ongaphandle ngokushesha 3. Shayela ku-911 / 112 / 999 ngaphandle 4. Cela I-Emergency Utility Emergency Pull of Meter"]

    SensoryCheck -->|"B. Isekhethi eyodwa ifile, iyantweza, noma into esebenza ngogesi izinhlansi, FUTHI i-breaker ayikhubeki."| JammedBreaker["IPHUTHA ELISEBENZA LOKUHLULEKA LOKUYA-UHAMBO: I-breaker ivaleke ngokugcwala noma imfushane. 1. UNGAYITHITHI ngqo intambo yezinto ezisebenza ngenhlansi 2. Bheka ngaphandle eduze kwemitha kagesi ukuze uthole Ukunqanyulwa Okuyinhloko Kwangaphandle"]

    SensoryCheck -->|"C. Akukho ntuthu noma ukushisa okwamanje; usanda kuthola ukuthi unephaneli ye-FPE noma yeZinsco"| ColdInspect["I-LATENT HAZARD MITIGATION: Yenza ukuhlonza okubonakalayo okungeyena othintana naye ngaphandle kokukhulula iphaneli yangaphakathi yensimbi efile"]

    JammedBreaker --> ExtCheck{"Ingabe sikhona isinqamuli esikhulu sangaphandle sesimanje ngaphandle ngemitha yosizo?"}
    ExtCheck -->|"YEBO"| CutOutside["Yima eceleni, ujikise ubuso, bese upheqa Nqamula Okuyinhloko Yangaphandle ukuze UVALE ngesandla esisodwa. Bese ukhipha umshini omfishane bese ushayela osebenza ngogesi onelayisensi."]
    ExtCheck -->|"CHA: Iphaneli ye-FPE yangaphakathi noma yeZinsco kuphela ekhona"| CutInside["Cisha zonke izibani zegumbi ezijwayelekile kanye nezinto zikagesi ezinempilo kuqala ukuze udedele umthwalo. Gqoka amagilavu ​​esikhumba esomile nezingilazi zokuphepha, yima eceleni komnyango onehingi, bese upheqa i-Main Breaker."]

    ColdInspect --> PanelType{"Iluphi uhlobo lwephaneli yefa onalo?"}
    PanelType -->|"Ama-breaker anamaphuzu abomvu / iskripthi 'se-Federal Pacific' / 'Stab-Lok'"| FPEProtocol["I-FPE STAB-LOK PROTOCOL: 1. Vimbela zonke izifudumezi zesikhala ezingu-1,500W nama-adaptha kampompi kaningi 2. Ungalokothi ulayishe ngokweqile amasekhethi angaphezu kuka-50% womthamo 3. Isheduli egcwele engu-200A yokushintshwa kwephaneli yamabhasi esimanjemanje"]
    PanelType -->|"Izibambo ezinemibala egqamile (Blue, Green, Red, Pink) / 'Zinsco' / 'Sylvania'"| ZinscoProtocol["I-ZINSCO / SYLVANIA PROTOCOL: 1. Ingozi enkulu yokushisela i-breaker-to-busbar efihliwe kanye nokuncibilika 2. UNGAWAPHEPHE ngokuphindaphindiwe ama-breaker uwavule noma uwavale 3. Hlela ukushintshwa kwephaneli egcwele ngokushesha"]

Umhlahlandlela wokuhlonza obonakalayo: Ungawabona kanjani amaphaneli e-FPE Stab-Lok neZinsco ngemizuzwana engama-30¶

Abanikazi bezindlu, abaqashi, kanye nalabo abazoba abathengi bavame ukungawanaki amaphaneli kagesi ayingozi ngenxa yokuthi umnyango wekhabethe lensimbi opeyiwe ompunga ubukeka ucishe ufane nebhokisi lesimanjemanje eliphephile. Ungakwazi ukubona kahle yomibili imindeni yamaphaneli ayingozi ngaphansi kwamasekhondi angu-30 Ngokushwiba kalula uvule umnyango ongaphandle onehinjisiwe (ungalinge ukhulule ipuleti lensimbi elingaphakathi elimboze izintambo).

1. Ungalihlonza kanjani iphaneli ye-Federal Pacific Electric (FPE) "Stab-Lok".¶

I-Federal Pacific Electric ikhiqize futhi yafaka izigidi zezikhungo ze-Stab-Lok* zokulayishwa kwezindawo zokuhlala kulo lonke elase-United States, e-Canada (ethengiswa ngaphansi kokuthi Federal Pioneer), kanye nezingxenye ze-Caribbean ne-Latin America phakathi kuka-1950 maphakathi nawo-1980. Bheka lezi zomaka ezibonakalayo ezingenaphutha:

• Izimpawu ze-Nameplate: Bheka emnyango oshwibayo noma ilebula yesekethe ye-*"Federal Pacific"**, "FPE", "Stab-Lok", "Federal Electric", noma "Federal Noark".
• Isiginesha Ye-Red-Orange Breaker Stripes: Izinqamuli zangempela ze-FPE Stab-Lok zifaka umugqa opendwe ngokugqamile obomvu noma owolintshi ekugcineni kweswishi yokuguqula emnyama ngayinye, ene-amperage (15, 20, 30, 50) kugxivizwe ngokumhlophe ngaphakathi kukanxande obomvu.
• I-Center-ON Orientation kanye nama-Wafer Breakers: Kumaphaneli e-FPE enakholomu amabili, ama-pushing breaker ON ihambisa izibambo ibheke kumthungo omaphakathi, ivamise ukuxuba ama-wafer breaker angu-12.7-millimeter (½-intshi) azacile nama-ama-breaker ajwayelekile angu-25.4-millimeter (1-intshi).
• "Ukuhlukaniswa Kwebhasi Kwesithupha" Isigaba Esiphezulu: Amaphaneli amaningi e-FPE kusukela kowe-1950 kuya kowe-1970s akanalo I-Main Breaker eyodwa. Esikhundleni salokho, uhhafu ophezulu unama-ukuze afinyelele kuma-pole ama-pole breaker ayisithupha abanzi (ku-Range, Dryer, A/C, Water Heater, kanye ne-60-amp "LIGHTING MAIN" ephakela izinqamuli eziphansi ezingu-15A/20A). Ukuze uvale indlu, kufanele uphenye zonke iziqephu eziphindwe kabili eziphezulu eziyisithupha ZIVALE; uma kukhona ama-jam ngaphakathi, leyo sekethi ihlala ibukhoma kuze kube yilapho insiza idonsa imitha yangaphandle.

2. Ungalihlonza kanjani iphaneli ye-Zinsco, GTE-Sylvania, noma i-Kearney¶

Ithuthukiswe yi-Zinsmeyer Company yase-Los Angeles futhi yafakwa ngasekupheleni kwawo-1970, idizayini ethi Zinsco yathengwa ngu-GTE-Sylvania ngo-1973 futhi yathengiswa ngaphansi kwe-Zinsco, Sylvania, kanye ne-Kearney amagama.

• Izimpawu Zegama legama: Bheka "ZINSCO", "Zinsco-Sylvan", "Sylvania", "GTE-Sylvania", noma "Kearney" emnyango noma ilebula. (Amaphaneli e-Sylvania kuphela anama-clip-emibalabala kuma-Zinsco breaker athwala ingozi ye-Zinsco busbar.)
• Izibambo Zekhefu Elinombala Uswidi: Amaphaneli e-Zinsco kanye ne-Sylvania-Zinsco asebenzisa izibambo zokuguqula zepulasitiki eziqinile ezinombala ogqamile ezinombala obhalwe nge-amperage:
• 15-Amp: Isibambo esiluhlaza
• 20-Amp: Isibambo esiluhlaza noma esingu-Simhlophe
• 30-Amp: Isibambo esibomvu
• 40-Amp: Isibambo esisawolintshi noma esingu-Esiluhlaza
• 50-Amp: Epinki, Magenta, noma isibambo esingu-Yellow*
• I-Long, I-Narrow Vertical Slot Arrangement: Iziqephu ze-Zinsco zinde futhi zincane (19 millimeters / 3/4 inch ububanzi), kuvame ukustandwa ngokuma mpo lapho ukuguqula kuphendulwe khona phezulu naphansi kunokuba kwesokunxele nakwesokudla.

Ukuqhathaniswa kokuhluleka kobunjiniyela: Ama-breaker UL 489 wesimanje vs. FPE Stab-Lok vs. Zinsco¶

Sebenzisa leli thebula lokuqhathanisa lobunjiniyela ukuze uqonde ukuthi kungani abahloli bezindlu, abacimi bomlilo, nababhali abangaphansi komshwalense wezakhiwo bephatha amaphaneli e-FPE Stab-Lok kanye ne-Zinsco njengezingozi zomlilo ezingavikeleki kunokuthi "amathuluzi amadala."

Kungani izigebengu ze-FPE Stab-Lok neZinsco zidala imililo yezindlu ecashile¶

Ukuze uqonde ukuthi kungani lawa maphaneli abasa imililo yezindlu ngaphandle kwesexwayiso, bheka indawo yokuhlala ephukile kanye nokuxhumeka kwebhasi.

1. I-Federal Pacific (FPE) Mechanical Latch Jamming Flaw¶

Ku-breaker circuit yesimanje, i-hair-trigger mechanical latch ibanjwe ngaphansi kwe-spring tension. Ngaphansi kwe-overcurrent, i- bimetallic strip igoba ekushiseni (ukugcwala okuhamba kancane) noma i-electromagnetic solenoid* ivuleka (ishodelwe ngokuzumayo), idedele i-latch ukuze isiphethu sihlukanise abathintwayo.

Kumklamo othi Federal Pacific Stab-Lok: 1. Ama-burrs anyathelayo kanye nokungqubuzana ku-latch ejikelezayo: I-FPE isebenzisa izingxenye zensimbi ezinesitembu ngaphakathi kwegobolondo le-Bakelite elibunjiwe elibophana nento ebambekayo enganyakazi ngaphansi kwamandla omshini. 2. I-Double-Pole Crossbar Bind: Into esebenza ngogesi engu-240-volt (isomiso sikagesi, i-air conditioner, isitofu, noma i-baseboard heater) isebenzisa i-pole breaker. Uma iphutha lenzeka kuwodwa kwezintambo ezimbili ezingu-120-volt (ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angu-80 amaphutha omhlaba wangempela), uhlangothi olulodwa kuphela oluzama ukuhamba. Ngenxa yokuthi ithayi yesibambo yangaphandle ibamba olunye uhlangothi ngokuqinile endaweni, ibha yokuxhumana yangaphakathi iqhuma emaceleni futhi amaweji aqine. 3. Umphumela: Uma isibanjiwe, alukho uhlangothi lwesinqamuli sezigxobo ezimbili olungakhubeka, ngisho naku 200 kuya ku-500 amps ocingweni lwama-20-amp noma 30-amp. Intambo engaphakathi kodonga lwakho iphenduka ibe into yokushisisa obomvu, ebasa uzimele ngemva kwe-drywall ngenkathi i-FPE breaker ihlala. ON. 4. I-Stab-Socket Busbar Arcing: Ibha yephaneli ye-FPE ibhoboze izimbobo ngemiphetho ecijile, futhi isiphuli sine spring blade egwazwe embobeni. Uma ishayiwe noma idonswa, isokhethi iyaxega, idale iphoyinti lokunqwabelana eliphezulu elimelana kakhulu nebhasi.

2. Ukuhluleka kwe-Zinsco / GTE-Sylvania Aluminium Liquefaction Busbar¶

Ngenkathi iphutha le-FPE liwumshini, Iphutha eliyinhloko le-Zinsco ukucekelwa phansi kwe-metallurgical ekuxhumekeni kwebhasi, kuhlanganiswe nokushisela kwangaphakathi: 1. Amabhasi e-Aluminiyamu Eyi-Raw Extruded: I-Zinsco yakha amabhasi ayo kusukela ku-ama-aluminium rods/rails kuma-plastic standoffs. I-Aluminium esemoyeni yakha ungqimba lwe- aluminium oxide (\(\text{Al}_2\text{O}_3\)), isivikelo sikagesi se-ceramic. 2. Iziqeshana Ze-Copper Spring Ezibuthakathaka: Ingemuva le-Zinsco breaker lisebenzisa iziqeshana ezimbili zethusi ezimise okwe-U ezinqamula kumzila we-aluminium. Ngenxa yokuthi ithusi ne-aluminium zinamazinga ahlukene okunweba okushisayo (i-galvanic corrosion + ukungafani kwe-thermal), ukulayisha imithwalo esindayo kuyanweba, kuxegise, futhi kukhiphe isiqeshana. 3. I-Runaway Busbar Arcing and Melting: Ukunyuka kokumelana nokuxhumana kubangela ukushisisa kwe-Joule okuphikisayo (I squared R). I-Aluminium incibilika kokuthi 660 degrees Celsius (1,220 degrees Fahrenheit). Isiqeshana esixegayo sihlala siphikisana nentonga ye-aluminium, incibilika ama-crater ngaphandle kwebhasi futhi ihlanganisa umzimba we-breaker. 4. Kungani I-Melted Zinsco Breaker Ingakwazi Ukuhamba: Ukushisa okukhulu kungena kukesi le-Zinsco breaker, kuncibilikisa inkampani yenethiwekhi yangaphakathi futhi kushisele abathintwayo bavale. Uma uzama ukupheqela isibambo esinombala ku OFF, i-plastic toggle iyanqamuka noma ihamba ngokukhululeka ngenkathi umjikelezo uhlala ubukhoma.

Isinyathelo ngesinyathelo somthetho wesimo esiphuthumayo: Okufanele ukwenze uma iphaneli yakho ye-FPE noma yeZinsco ihogela, ibhuza, noma yehluleka ukuhamba¶

Landela lokhu chungechunge lwangempela phakathi nephutha likagesi kuphaneli ye-Federal Pacific noma ye-Zinsco ukuze uvimbele ukusha kukagesi, ukusha kwe-arc flash, kanye nemililo efihliwe yodonga.

Isigaba 1: Isivivinyo Esisheshayo (Amasekhondi Wokuqala angama-60)¶

1. Hlola ukusuka ku-1.5 Meters (5 Feet) away usebenzisa Okubonayo, Umsindo, Nokuhogela:
2. Ukuhogela: Uyahogela izinhlanzi ezifile ezibolayo, i-ammonia, umchamo, noma ipulasitiki ye-Bakelite evuthayo? (I-thermoset phenolic resin eshisa ngokweqile ikhipha ama-methylamine aguquguqukayo anuka njengezinhlanzi zasolwandle ezifile.)
3. Umsindo: Uyawuzwa u-umsindo okhencezayo, othosa ubhekeni, unqamula, noma unomsindo ongu-60-Hz / 50-Hz hum ngemva kwekhava?
4. Ukubona: Uyawabona ama-wisps entuthu, umule omnyama eduze komthungo wephaneli, izibambo ezinemibala encibilikile, noma izinhlansi eziwolintshi?
5. Uma EZINYE zalezo zimpawu zikhona kuphaneli:
6. Ungalithinti iphaneli. Ungawuvuli umnyango noma upheqe isinqamuleli esikhulu ngaphakathi kwalelo bhokisi.
7. Khipha wonke umuntu kanye nesilwane esifuywayo ngaphandle ngokushesha.
8. Shayela u-911 (US/Canada), 112 (EU), noma 999 (UK)* ngaphandle bese ucela kokubili izisetshenziswa zomlilo kanye nokunqanyulwa kwensiza kagesi ephuthumayo.

Isigaba sesi-2: Ukuvala Amandla Aphephile Lapho Into Esetshenziswayo noma I-Outlet Ifushane (I-Breaker Yehlulekile Ukuhamba)¶

Uma intambo kagesi izinhlansi, indawo ephumayo iyabhema, noma into ekhanyayo iyathuthumela ngenkathi zonke izibambo ze-FPE noma i-Zinsco breaker zihlezi IVULIWE:

1. UNGALIbambeli ipulaki noma intambo yento ebhemayo ngesandla sakho esingenalutho:
2. Ngenxa yokuthi isinqamuli sihlulekile ukukhubeka, intambo iphethe iphutha futhi ishisa kakhulu. Ukudonsa ipulaki emfishane ku-outlet ebukhoma kungadonsa i-2,000-degree-Celsius arc flash* esandleni sakho noma kushiye ama-prong abukhoma ashiselwe odongeni.
3. Bheka Ngaphandle ku-Electric Meter First:
4. Amakhaya amaningi wama-1960s kanye nawo-1970 ane **i-breaker enkulu yangaphandle eduze kwemitha yokusetshenziswa **, okwenza ibhokisi le-FPE elingaphakathi noma le-Zinsco libe iphaneli encane.
5. Uma i-breaker enkulu yangaphandle ikhona ngaphandle, ijikise ukuze ithi VALIWE kuqala ukuze ukhiphe amandla iphaneli yasendlini ngokuphephile.
6. Uma Kufanele Uvale I-breaker Ngaphakathi kwe-FPE noma Iphaneli ye-Zinsco (Lapho Iphaneli Ingabhemi):
7. Gqoka amagilavu ​​esikhumba esomile, izibuko zokuphepha, nezicathulo ezinesoli yerabha, futhi ungalokothi ume kukhonkolo omanzi noma amapayipi ensimbi othinta.
8. Yima ohlangothini lwehinji lwephaneli, phendulela ubuso bakho, bese usebenzisa isandla esisodwa kuphela ukuze uphenye isinqamuli segatsha KANYE NE-Main Breaker (noma zonke iziqephu eziphambanayo eziyisithupha eziphezulu kuphaneli ye-Split-Bus FPE) ukuze VALE.
9. Qinisekisa ukuthi Isekethe Ifile Ngempela ("I-Dead-Man Handle Trap"):
10. Ngemuva kokuphenyisisa isibambo se-FPE noma seZinsco ukuze OFF, hlola izibani zegumbi noma ubambe Non-Contact Voltage Tester (NCVT) eduze nentambo.
11. Uma izibani zihlala IVULIWE noma isihloli sikagesi sikhala isibambo IVALIWE: I-breaker eshiselwe ivalwe ngaphakathi. Vala i-Main Breaker* noma shayela isisetshenziswa sakho sikagesi ukudonsa imitha yengilazi ngaphandle.

Isigaba sesi-3: Ukuhlolwa Kwe-Thermal Wall Cavity Ngemva Komcimbi Wokwehluleka Ukuya-Uhambo¶

Lapho i-FPE noma i-Zinsco breaker ivumela ukugcwala ngokweqile noma isekethe emfushane ukuthi iqhubeke ngaphambi kokuvala mathupha, ikhebula lesekhethi yegatsha (Romex / NM-B) ngaphakathi kwezindonga zakho uhlangabezana nengcindezi enkulu yokushisa: 1. Izwa i-drywall endleleni ephakathi kwephaneli ye-outlet ne-breaker ngemuva kwesandla sakho. 2. Uma noma iyiphi i-drywall izwa ifudumele, uma uhogela intuthu yokhuni noma ipulasitiki eshisiwe ku-attic noma ama-joists angaphansi, noma uma amaswishi eshintshile, shayela abezicishamlilo ngokushesha ukuze uskene izindonga ngekhamera yesithombe eshisayo.

Imithetho yokusinda yesikhashana ngenkathi ilinde osebenza ngogesi ukuthi athathe indawo yephaneli ye-FPE noma yeZinsco¶

Ukushintsha iphaneli eyinhloko ngokuvamile kubiza \(2,000 kuya ku-\)4,500 USD futhi kudinga ukuhlela umuntu osebenza ngogesi onelayisensi, imvume kamasipala, kanye nokunqanyulwa kwensiza. Ngenkathi usalinde ukushintshwa, sebenzisa le mithetho yasekhaya:

1. Izifudumezi Zesikhala Eziphathekayo Zero:
2. Ihitha yesikhala engu-1,500-watt idonsa 12.5 amps ngokuqhubekayo. Kusekhethi engu-15-amp enamalambu nezinto zikagesi, ukutonyulwa kufinyelela ku-*16 kuya ku-22 amps (110% kuya ku-145% wesilinganiso)**, indawo yangempela yokulayishwa ngokweqile okumaphakathi lapho ama-FPE nama-Zinsco breaker ane izinga eliphezulu lokuhluleka ukuya kuhambo. Susa zonke izifudumezi zesikhala zikagesi ngokushesha.
3. Ungalokothi Usebenzise Imishini Emibili Edonsa Kakhulu Eseketheshini Efanayo Kanye Kanye:
4. Ungalokothi usebenzise i-microwave, i-toaster oven, i-air fryer, neketela likagesi ngesikhathi esisodwa kusekethe yasekhishini efanayo, noma isomisi sezinwele kuyilapho isipholile sefasitela sisebenza ekamelweni lokulala.
5. Ungalisebenzisi i-Zinsco endala noma i-FPE Breaker Emuva naphambili:
6. Ungalokothi uphenye ama-Zinsco amadala noma ama-FPE ama-breaker OFF futhi UVULA ukuze nje uwahlole. Kuphaneli ye-Zinsco, ukuslayida isiqeshana sethusi kubha ye-aluminium ene-oxidized kunganqamula isichibi sokuxhumana bese kucupha ukugoqa lapho umthwalo ubuyela emuva.
7. Sebenzisa Ama-alamu Entuthu kanye Nemigqa Yamandla Ye-Plug-In Breaker Ezindaweni Eziyingozi Ephezulu:
8. Faka ama-alamu entuthu kagesi ngaphakathi kwegumbi ngalinye lokulala futhi ngokuqondile ngaphandle kwegumbi lezinsiza elihlala iphaneli ye-FPE/Zinsco.
9. Xhuma ama-electronic-draw aphezulu kumugqa wamandla osohlwini lwe-UL olufakwe i-15-amp resettable resettable remal circuit breaker** ukuze intambo ihambe iDemo endaweni endaweni kunokuhlola iphaneli engaphansi.
10. Gwema I-FPE Ebiza Kakhulu Yokushintshwa Kwe-Aftermarket kanye neZinsco Breakers:
11. Ukushintshanisa ama-aftermarket breaker eyodwa noma amabili (\(50 ukuya ku-\)120 lilinye) ngaphakathi kwekhabhinethi ye-FPE endala noma ye-Zinsco AKUWEnzi iphaneli iphephe ngenxa yokuthi ibha yephaneli engaphansi ihlala igobile futhi ixegekile. Yonga leyo mali uye endaweni entsha sha 200-amp yebhasi yokulayisha ibhasi ngezinqamuli ze-Combination AFCI/GFCI.

Izinombolo zezimo eziphuthumayo zesifunda kanye nezinqubomgomo ze-ejensi¶

Ama-voltage okusabalalisa ugesi, amazinga eyunithi yabathengi, nezinqubo zokunqamula izinsiza eziphuthumayo ziyahlukahluka ngezwe nesifunda. Landela iphrothokholi esemthethweni yendawo yakho:

• I-United States ne-Canada:
• Umlilo Wezimo Eziphuthumayo Nokuhlenga: Shayela u-911*. Tshela u-opharetha ukuthi unephaneli kagesi eshisa ngokweqile noma e-arcing (Federal Pacific Stab-Lok noma Zinsco / Sylvania e-US; Federal Pioneer Stab-Lok e-Canada) futhi ucele kokubili izisetshenziswa zomlilo kanye ne-insiza kagesi yesimo esiphuthumayo ukudonsa imitha.
• Ukubika Ingozi Yomkhiqizo Wabathengi: Bika ukwehluleka kwe-FPE, i-Zinsco, noma i-Federal Pioneer breaker kanye nemililo yephaneli kagesi eya U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) at SaferProducts.gov (1-800-638-2772) noma Ukuphepha Komkhiqizo Wabathengi base-Health Canada (1-866-662-0666).
• I-Electrical Code Standard: Ukushintshwa kufanele kuthobele NFPA 70 (National Electrical Code / NEC) e-US noma CSA C22.1 (Canadian Electrical Code / CEC) e-Canada, okuhlanganisa nemithetho yesimanje yokugunyazwa ukusebenza (91 cm / 36 in ijule nge 76 cm / 30 in ububanzi) kanye nokunqanyulwa kwezimo eziphuthumayo zangaphandle (NEC 230.85).
• United Kingdom:
• Umlilo Wezimo Eziphuthumayo Nokuhlenga: Shayela u-999* (noma 112).
• I-Emergency Power Network Cut / I-Service Fuse Issue: Shayela 105 (inombolo yamahhala ye-UK National Power Cut and Distribution Network Operator yase-UK) uma engenayo i-DNO cut-out fuse noma iswishi eyinhloko yeyunithi yomthengi ishisa ngokweqile noma i-arc.
• Izilinganiso Zephaneli Yefa lase-UK: E-UK, iyunithi yefa eliyinhloko izingozi zeyunithi yabathengi ezifana ne-FPE/Zinsco zangaphambi ko-1960s amabhokisi efuse asekelwa ngokhuni e-Wylex asekelwa ngokhuni (BS 3036), amayunithi abathengi angu-3 epulasitiki agxunyekwe ngaphansi kwezitebhisi ezingu-7 BS ezibekwe ngaphansi kwezitebhisi ezingu-7 18^th Edition imfuneko yezivalo zensimbi ezingashi), kanye kukhumbule ama-Electrium / Crabtree / Volex / Wylex NSB MCBs nama-RCBOs (2009 kuya ku-2010 khumbula).
• I-European Union:
• Izimo Eziphuthumayo Nokuhlenga: Shayela u-112* kuwo wonke amazwe angamalungu e-EU.
• Amazinga Okuvikela: Ukufakwa kwezindawo zokuhlala zase-Europe kuncike ku-DIN-rail I-Miniature Circuit Breakers (MCBs kuya ku-IEC 60898-1) ebhangqwe ne 30 mA Amadivayisi Amanje Ayinsalela (RCDs / FI-Schutzschalter kuya ku-IEC 61008). Ukufakwa okudala kwangemva kwempi kwase-Europe okuntula i-RCD engu-30 mA noma kusetshenziswa isikulufu sefa Amafuse e-ceramic aphethwe yi-Diazed/Neozed Ceramic afakwe amabhuloho amakhulu kakhulu aletha izingozi ezinkulu zokwehluleka kohambo futhi kufanele athuthukiswe ngumsebenzi kagesi onesitifiketi.
• I-Australia ne-New Zealand:
• Izimo Eziphuthumayo Nokuhlenga: Shayela u-000* e-Australia noma 111 eNew Zealand.
• Okulingana Nephaneli Yefa: Amabhodi okushintsha amadala ase-Australia nase-New Zealand aqukethe ipulagi ye-porcelain rewirable plug-in noma amaphaneli e-Zelemite asekelwa i-asbestos asekelwa i-asbestos ngaphandle kwesimanje I-30 mA Ukushintsha Ukuphepha (ama-RCD) ngaphansi kwe-***AS/NZS 3000 (Imithetho Yezintambo kanye nomlilo kagesi)*cu beka ingozi enkulu yomlilo Ungalokothi udonse ama-fuse we-porcelain ebhodini lokushintsha elishisa kakhulu ngaphandle kokuhlukanisa iswishi eyinhloko.
• I-India ne-Asia-Pacific:
• Izinombolo Zezimo Eziphuthumayo: Shayela u-112* (noma 101 ukuze uthole Umlilo) e-India; 119 eJapan naseNingizimu Korea; 995 eSingapore.
• Izingozi Zephaneli Yefa: Bukela eduze ama-circuit breaker amancane angaqinisekisiwe noma omkokotelo (MCBs) angenawo amamaki angempela i-BIS / ISI (IS/IEC 60898) e-India noma amamaki e-PSE e-Japan, kanye nokudlula *I-Kit-Kat porcelain yobumba obunjiwe obunezintambo ezinqamulelayo ezinezintambo eziwugqinsi i-fuse wire, evimbela ngokuphelele ukugingqika kwe-overcurrent phakathi nokwenyuka kwamandla kagesi kanye nezitebele ze-air-conditioner.

Imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa¶

Kungani iFederal Pacific (FPE) uStab-Lok engakaze akhunjulwe ngokusemthethweni nguhulumeni wase-US uma abaphula umthetho behluleka ukuhamba njalo?¶

Ekuqaleni kwawo-1980, i-U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (i-CPSC) yaphenya iziqephu ze-Federal Pacific Electric Stab-Lok ngemuva kokuthi i-Reliance Electric ithenge i-FPE futhi yathola ukuthi i-FPE yayisebenzise amasekhethi okuhlola akhohlisayo ukuze ithole amalebula esitifiketi se-UL naphezu kwamazinga aphezulu okuhluleka. Ngo-1983, i-CPSC yavala uphenyo lwayo ngaphandle kokukhumbula kuphela ngenxa yokuthi yayingenayo isabelomali sombuso esidingekayo ukuze imangalele umenzi, ixwayisa ngokusobala ukuthi ukuvala icala akusho ukuthi abaphula umthetho baphephile. Ngo-2002, iNkantolo Ephakeme yaseNew Jersey yakhipha isinqumo ecaleni lesenzo sekilasi (Chestnut v. Federal Pacific Electric Co.) sokuthi i-FPE yenze ukukhwabanisa kwabathengi ngokukopela ukuhlolwa kokulinganisa kwe-UL amashumi eminyaka.

Ngingakwazi yini ukufaka ama-breaker amadala ngaphakathi kwephaneli yami ye-FPE Stab-Lok noma ye-Zinsco esikhundleni sokukhokha ukuze ngibuyisele lonke ibhokisi lensimbi?¶

Cha, ukushintshanisa ama-breaker ngamanye ngaphakathi kwephaneli ye-FPE Stab-Lok noma ye-Zinsco kudumazwa kakhulu onjiniyela bezobunhloli kanye nabadayisi bomshwalense ngezizathu ezintathu. Okokuqala, amabhasi ensimbi amile ngaphakathi kwekhabhinethi awuhhafu woxhumo olunesici: Izinti ze-aluminium ze-Zinsco ziboshiwe futhi zifakwe i-oxidized kusuka ku-micro-arcing, kuyilapho amasokhethi entwasahlobo e-FPE Stab-Lok elahlekelwa ukungezwani, okusho ukuthi i-breaker entsha enamathiselwe kubha yebhasi eyonakele zisazoshisa ngokweqile. Okwesibili, iziqephu ezishintshayo ze-aftermarket zibiza u-$50 kuya ku-$120 lilinye futhi azikwazi ukuhlinzeka ngokuvikeleka kwesimanje Kokuhlanganiswa kwe-AFCI. Okwesithathu, abadayisi bomshwalense wezakhiwo bahlola uhlobo lwephaneli ngokwalo futhi basazokwenqaba ukufakwa kuze kube yilapho yonke indawo ebiyelwe ishintshwa.

Kubiza malini ukushintsha iphaneli ye-Federal Pacific noma ye-Zinsco ngebhokisi lesimanje le-200-amp breaker?¶

Ukushintsha iphaneli eyinhloko ye-FPE Stab-Lok noma ye-Zinsco ngesikhungo sesimanje sokulayisha amabhasi ethusi ngokuvamile kubiza u-$1,800 kuya ku-$3,200 USD lapho ugcina insizakalo ekhona engu-100-amp, noma u-$2,800 kuya ku-$5,000 USD lapho uthuthukisa insika yesevisi, isokhethi yemitha, ama-electrodes aphansi angama-20I/GFC nama-AIFC Izinkampani eziningi zomshwalense wabanikazi bezindlu zinikeza izikweletu ze-premium ngemuva kokususa iphaneli eyingozi, futhi ababolekisi bezindlu ezibolekiwe ngokuvamile badinga ukushintshwa ngaphambi kokuvala i-escrow.

Ngiqasha ifulethi noma indlu enebhokisi le-Federal Pacific Stab-Lok noma le-Zinsco breaker. Ngingenzenjani uma umnikazi wendawo enqaba ukuyishintsha?¶

Ngenxa yokuthi Ikhodi Kagesi Kazwelonke ayisebenzi kabusha ezakhiweni ezikhona ngaphandle kwalapho okokusebenza konakalisiwe noma kwehluleka, umninikhaya akaphoqeleki ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuthi ashintshe iphaneli ye-FPE noma ye-Zinsco engaguquki ngaphandle uma kusebenza isimiso sendawo noma iphaneli ibonisa ukukhubazeka ngokomzimba (ama-breaker afudumele, amapuleti okugcwalisa angekho, izimpawu zokushiswa, ukubhayiza, noma izibambo eziminyene). Uma ubona ukufudumala, iphunga elimnandi, amalambu alokozayo, noma ama-breaker aqinile, yazisa umninikhaya wakho ngokubhala futhi ucele ukuhlolwa nguchwepheshe kagesi onelayisensi noma umhloli kagesi kamasipala; Okwamanje, ungalokothi usebenzise izifudumezi zesikhala ezingu-1,500-watt, beka ama-alamu entuthu ngaphandle kwekhabethe lephaneli, futhi usebenzise imichilo yamandla esohlwini lwe-UL enama-circuit breaker akhelwe ngaphakathi angu-15-amp.

Kungani ama-breaker ami e-Zinsco ezizwa e-spongy noma exega uma ngiwathinta, futhi kungani kungafanele ngikhiphe eyodwa kubha yebhasi?¶

I-Zinsco kanye ne-GTE-Sylvania breaker zinamathisele kumareyili e-aluminium busbar zisebenzisa imihlathi yethusi emise okwe-U eboshwe kugobolondo lepulasitiki. Emashumini eminyaka ebhayisikili elishisayo, i-aluminium busbar i-oxidize futhi i-arcs ngokumelene nesiqeshana se-copper, incibilikisa ipulasitiki ye-thermoset ezungezile kuze kube yilapho i-breaker ibanjwe kuphela ipulasitiki eyenziwe nge-carbonized kanye ne-aluminium eshiselwe slag. Uma i-Zinsco breaker izwa sengathi isiponji noma ixegekile, ukuzama ukuyicisha ngenkathi inamandla kungabangela isiqeshana esigqwalile ukuthi sibe mfushane siwele ngqo kubha yesigaba esiseduze, kudale ukuqhuma kwe-arc flash engu-240-volt.

Ngingabona kanjani ukuthi iphaneli yami ye-GTE-Sylvania breaker iyidizayini eyingozi ye-Zinsco noma idizayini ephephile yakamuva?¶

Ngenkathi i-GTE-Sylvania ithenga i-Zinsco ngo-1973, yasebenzisa uhlobo lwe-"Sylvania" kukho kokubili umklamo oyingozi wokunamathisela ku-Zinsco kanye namaphaneli ajwayelekile afaka ibhawudi noma agwazwe asebenzisa ama-breaker amnyama ajwayelekile. Vula umnyango wangaphandle futhi uhlole izibambo: uma izigebengu zincane (amamilimitha angu-19 / 3/4 intshi ububanzi) nama-toggle epulasitiki aqinile anombala ogqamile (okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka 15A, okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okungu-20A, okubomvu okungu-30A, okuphinki okungu-50A), iphaneli yakho ye-Sylvania iyiphaneli ye-Zinsco eyiqiniso futhi iphethe i-failtri-hazard-busbar efanayo ncamashi.

Iziqondiso ezihlobene¶

• I-arcing yamaphaneli kagesi, ama-breaker buzzing, nokushisa ngokweqile
• Umlilo kagesi, izinhlansi, nephunga elivuthayo ezindongeni
• Izindonga ezishisayo noma eziguquliwe, amaswishi anomsindo, nobungozi bezintambo ze-aluminium
• Imililo kagesi: ukunqamula, ukuvala i-breaker, nokucindezelwa kwe-Class C
• Uhla lwemibhalo lwezinombolo eziphuthumayo

Imithombo neziqondiso ezisemthethweni¶

• Ikhomishini Yezokuphepha Komkhiqizo Wabathengi Yase-United States (i-CPSC): Ikhomishini Ivala Uphenyo Lwe-Federal Pacific Electric Co. Circuit Breakers futhi Inikeze Ulwazi Lokuphepha Kubathengi (Ukukhishwa Kwango-1983) kanye Ne-CPSC Contract Test of FPE Stab-Lok Molded Circuit Breakers (Wright Malta Corp. Laboratory Report)
• I-Electrical Safety Foundation International (ESFI): Amaphaneli Kagesi Wefa, Amasekethe Egatsha Agcwele Ngokugcwele, kanye Nemihlahlandlela Yokuvimbela Umlilo Kagesi Wasekhaya.
• Inhlangano Kazwelonke Yokuvikela Umlilo (NFPA): NFPA 70: Ikhodi Kagesi Kazwelonke (NEC) Izihloko 240 (Ukuvikelwa Kwamanje), 230.85 (Ukunqanyulwa Kwezimo Eziphuthumayo), kanye no-110.26 (Izikhala Mayelana Nezisetshenziswa zikagesi).
• Amalabhorethri Ababhali Abangaphansi (UL): UL 489: Izinga Lokuphepha Kwezigebengu Zesekhethi Ezibunjiwe, Ukushintsha Kwekesi Elibunjiwe kanye Nezindawo Ezivalekile Zokuphulwa Kwesekethe (135% kanye Nama-200% Amazinga Ohambo Lokulinganisa).
• Iqembu Lezempilo laseCanada / Iqembu le-CSA: Ukukhumbula Ukuphepha Komkhiqizo Wabathengi kanye Nokwelulekwa ku-Federal Pioneer NC-Series Stab-Lok Circuit Breaker kanye Nezikhungo Zokulayishwa Kwendawo yokuhlala.