I-High-Powered Laser Eye Strike kanye nokuvikelwa kwe-Acoustic Disorientation¶

Amalaser aphathwayo anamandla aphezulu (Ikilasi 3B neClass 4 amalaser aluhlaza, aluhlaza, naluhlaza akhipha ama-milliwatts angama-500 kuye kwangama-5,000+ wamandla okubona agxilile, afinyelela izikhathi eziyi-1,000 kunomkhawulo osemthethweni we-5-milliwatt wesikhombi esijwayelekile sokwethulwa) kanye nokuqina okuphezulu kokuqondisa kwe-LDRA amadivaysi e-Acoustic e-Acoustic izibhamu zomsindo wezimoto ezinedecibel ephezulu, kanye nezinsimbi ze-industrial ultrasonic/acoustic) ziya ngokuya zihlangatshezwa abashayeli bezindiza bezentengiselwano nabavamile, abashayeli bomgwaqo onguthelawayeka, abaqhubi bezitimela, abasebenzi basolwandle, izintatheli, kanye nezakhamuzi ezibanjwe eduze nezindawo zokulawula isixuku. Lapho insimbi ye-laser egxilile ishaya iwindi langaphambili lemoto, ikhanopi yendiza yendiza, noma iso lomuntu ebusuku, i-beam encane ehambisanayo iphenduka imiklwelwe emincane engilazini ukuze iqhume ibe i-neon glare ephuphuthekisayo egcwalisa ikhabethe lonke, okubangela ubumpumputhe obukhanyayo futhi okungenzeka kushise i-refotina* encane ye-refotina* ehlala unomphela. kunemizuzwana engu-0.25.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuchayeka ku-directional acoustic disorientation beam ekhipha i-135 kuya ku-160 decibels (dB) ye-2,000-to-4,000-hertz yomsindo wokucindezela komsindo ogxilile kubangela ubuhlungu obukhulu bangaphakathi-endlebeni, i-eardrum (ulwelwesi lwe-tympanic) ukuphuka, ukulahlekelwa kwe-sensorineacute ye-vastigona (ukulahlekelwa kwe-sensorineacute nokulahlekelwa kokuzwa unomphela kwe-vastigona). Ukusinda esitelekeni esiqondisiwe se-optical noma i-acoustic kudinga ukukhalipha okuvikelayo okusheshayo: ukubheka kude futhi uwise isilevu sakho ngemva kwedeshibhodi engacacile noma insika (ungalokothi ugqolozele emthonjeni womgodi ukuze uthole umdubuli), ukuvimbela isiphephelo somoya esisakaza ngesandla esisodwa noma i-visor yelanga ngenkathi uqondisa kusitobhi esiphephile, sinyakaza sibheke ngasemthonjeni we-emitter3 ukuvala imisele yezindlebe, kanye nokuthola ukuhlolwa okuphuthumayo kwe-retinal yamehlo ngosuku olufanayo uma indawo eyimpumputhe emaphakathi (i-scotoma) iphikelela.

Yenza lokhu manje¶

Uma ukukhanya okuluhlaza okotshani, okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, oku-violet, noma okubomvu kwelaser kukushaya emehlweni akho, iwindshield yemoto, noma indawo yokusebenzela yendiza khona manje, noma uma ushaywe wukubhoboza kwe-acoustic okukhomba phezulu kwe-decibel, yenza lezi zinyathelo eziyisithupha ngokushesha:

1. Bhayiza ngokushesha, susa ubuso bakho, UNGALOKOTHI ubheke emthonjeni we-laser beam: Khipha i-reflex yemvelo yomuntu ukuze ubuke ngqo ukukhanya okukhanyayo okuzumayo ebumnyameni. Uma ubheka phansi ngqo eksisi ye-laser ye-Class 4 enamandla amakhulu kugxilisa ukukhanya okuhambisanayo ngelensi yeso lakho ngenani elingu-100,000 ngqo ku-fovea emaphakathi ye-retina yakho, okubangela ukusha kweretina eshisayo ngaphambi kokuba ijwabu leso lakho liqede nokucwayiza (imizuzwana engu-0.25). Beka isilevu sakho, ucwayize kaningi, futhi ubhekise amehlo akho kumathuluzi edeshibhodi yakho noma unqenqema olungakwesokudla lomzila wakho.
2. Uma ushayela noma undiza, phakamisa isandla esisodwa esivuliwe noma ujikise i-visor yelanga ukuze uvimbe ukuxhopha kwe-windshield futhi ugcine ukulawula: Uma i-laser ishaya iwindshield yemoto enothuli noma eklwetshiwe noma i-canopy ye-cockpit ebusuku, ingilazi ikhanya njengodonga oluqinile lwe-neon (i-veiling glare). Gcina ikhanda lakho liqinile, phakamisa isandla esisodwa (noma ujikise i-visor yelanga engaphezulu) ukuze uvimbe indawo ekhanyayo engilazini, bheka ngaphansi noma eduze nokukhanya komugqa wenkungu ogandayiwe ogandayiwe (noma iphaneli yethuluzi le-cockpit), vula izibani eziyingozi zezindlela ezine, bese ubhuleka kahle ngaphandle kokuphenduka.
3. Ungalokothi ucikice amehlo akho ngemva kokushaywa nge-laser: Ukuhlikihla iso elikhazimulayo noma elingaboni kahle kukhulisa umfutho we-intraocular futhi kucasula i-cornea ngaphandle kokusiza i-photoreceptor pigments (i-rhodopsin) epholile. Ukucwayiza ngokwemvelo ekukhanyeni okufiphele bese ulinda amasekhondi angu-30 ukuya emaminithini angu-5 ukuze izigaxa zakho ze-retina nezinduku zakho eziguqulelwe kumnyama zikhule kabusha.
4. Uma ushaywe isikhali se-acoustic se-decibel ephezulu (i-LRAD) noma inganono yomsindo, nyathela EMUVA PHAMBILI (emaceleni) ngemuva kodonga oluqinile noma imoto ngenkathi uxhuma amadlebe akho: I-Directional acoustic array ivutha umsindo omncane, ofana ne-spotlight (ngokujwayelekile ikhoni engu-15-to-30-degree eqondile ngaphambi kwe-dingular eqondile). Ukugijima uqonde uhlehle usuka kude ne-emitter kukugcina ungaphakathi komugqa wobuhlungu amamitha ayi-100 (330 amafidi); esikhundleni salokho, cindezela izinqe ezinamanzi zezindlebe zakho (i-tragus) ngokuqinile ngaphakathi ngayo yomibili iminwe yenkomba ukuze uvale imisele yendlebe yakho, uvule umlomo wakho kancane ukuze ulinganise ukucindezela kwe-eardrum, futhi sprint 90 degrees emaceleni (perpendicular to dish) ngemva kwekhona lesakhiwo sikakhonkolo, udonga lwezitini, noma iloli elikhulu.
5. Iya Kumnyango Wezimo Eziphuthumayo noma Udokotela Wamehlo ngosuku olufanayo uma indawo emnyama, indawo yokungaboni kahle, noma okuntanta okubomvu/okumnyama kusala ngemva kwemizuzu engu-15: Izithombe ezingemuva kwesikhashana (ezifana ne-flash yekhamera) ngokuvamile ziyafiphala phakathi kwemizuzu emi-2 ukuya kweyi-15. Uma usabona i-smudge emnyama emaphakathi noma izinhlamvu ezingekho lapho ufunda uvale ngeso elilodwa (central scotoma), imigqa eqondile ejikajikayo (metamorphopsia), noma ubulembu obumnyama obuntantayo (i-vitreous noma i-retinal hemorrhage), hamba kudokotela wamehlo noma umtholampilo wamehlo esibhedlela phakathi namahora ukuze uthole ukuhlangana kwe-optical and high coherence ukuhlola.
6. Bika indawo ngqo kanye nombala wogqinsi wanoma isiphi isiteleka se-laser yemoto noma yendiza emaphoyiseni nakuziphathimandla zezindiza: Uma sekumiswe ngokuphephile noma ngemva kokunikeza izilawuli kumshayeli wendiza ongaxakile, shayela inombolo yakho yasendaweni yezimo eziphuthumayo (911 e-United States nase-Canada, 112 yonkana European Union, 999 e-United Kingdom) noma uhlole yethu izinombolo eziphuthumayo uhla lwemibhalo (kanye nokulawulwa kwe-Air Traffic uma kundiza). Ukukhomba i-laser endizeni noma emotweni ehambayo kuyicala elibi cishe kuzo zonke izindawo; ukubika umbala we-beam kanye nokuphambana komgwaqo kuvumela izindiza ezinophephela emhlane zamaphoyisa kanye namayunithi okuqapha ukuthi athole umenzi wobubi ngokushesha.

Isiteleka samehlo e-laser kanye neshadi lokugeleza lesinqumo se-acoustic disorientation¶

Sebenzisa lesi sihlahla sesinqumo ukuze uvikele ukubona kwakho, ukuzwa, kanye nokulawula imoto ngesikhathi somcimbi oqondisiwe we-optical noma i-acoustic.

flowchart TD
    Event["Umcimbi Wamandla Aqondisiwe: I-Laser Ekhanyayo Engazelele NOMA Ukubhoboza I-High-Decibel Acoustic Wave"] --> Modality{"1. Iluphi uhlobo lwengozi olukuhlaselayo?"}
    Modality -->|"A. High-Powered Laser Beam (Green, Blue, Violet, noma Red)"| ContextCheck{"2. Ngabe usebenzisa imoto/indiza noma uhamba ngezinyawo?"}
    Modality -->|"B. High-Decibel Acoustic Beam (LRAD Sound Cannon / Ultrasonic Siren)"| SealEars["Xhuma Imisele Yendlebe Ngokucindezela I-Tragus Flaps Ngaphakathi; Vula Umlomo Kancane Ukuze Ulinganise I-Eardrum Pressure"]
    ContextCheck -->|"Imoto Yokushayela, Iloli, noma Isitimela"| DriveShield["UNGABHEKI Umthombo we-Beam; Flip Down Sun Visor noma Vimba I-Glare Spot Ngesandla Esinye; Vula i-Dash Lights"]
    ContextCheck -->|"Izindiza Zokushayela"| PilotShield["Isihlangu Amehlo; Izilawuli Zokudlulisa Kumshayeli Wendiza Engachaziwe ('Unayo Indiza'); Vula Izibani Ze-Cockpit; Shayela i-ATC"]
    ContextCheck -->|"Ngonyawo / Isixuku / Indawo Yokusebenzela"| FootShield["Vula iNhloko 90 Degrees away; Drop Chin; Shield Amehlo Ngesandla noma Isigqoko Brim; Hambisa Ngemuva Kwekhava ye-Opaque"]
    DriveShield --> SafeStop["Ukuqondisa Ngokusebenzisa Ulayini Wenkungu Ongakwesokudla; Vula Izibani Eziyingozi; Phuma Emgwaqweni Ngokuphepha; Bika ku-911/112/999"]
    PilotShield --> VisionCheck{"3. Ngemva kwemizuzu eyi-10 kuya kweyi-15 ekukhanyeni okuvamile, kunjani ukubona kwakho (hlola iso elilodwa ngesikhathi)?"}
    FootShield --> VisionCheck
    SafeStop --> VisionCheck
    VisionCheck -->|"I-Afterimage Iyaphela Ngokuphelele & Umbono Wokufunda Ubukhali"| Monitor24["Ungacikici Amehlo; Phumula Amehlo; Hlela I-Optometry Yomjikelezo Hlola ukuthi Ukuqaqamba Kweso Elincane Kuyaqhubeka"]
    VisionCheck -->|"Indawo Emnyama Eqhubekayo ku-Center Vision, Wavy Lines, Floaters, noma Eye Pain"| UrgentEye["IZIPHUTHUMA ZOKWELAPHA: Yiya kudokotela Wamehlo / I-Eye ER Ngosuku olufanayo lwe-Retinal OCT Scan kanye ne-Steroid Triage"]
    SealEars --> MoveLateral["Hambisa ama-Degree angu-90 LATERALLY (Eceleni Ngaphandle Kwekhoni Yomsindo engu-30-Degree) Ngemva Kakhonkolo Oqinile/Ikhava Yemoto"]
    MoveLateral --> EarCheck["Uma Ukopha Endlebeni, I-Vertigo Enzima, noma Ukuzwa Okuvalekile Kuphikelela: Bona I-ENT / Udokotela Wezimo Eziphuthumayo Ngamahora angama-24"]

Ukuqonda ukulimala kwamehlo e-laser: I-Dazzle vs. Flash Blindness vs. Permanent Retinal Burn¶

Lapho ugongolo lwe-laser lungena embonini yeso lakho, i-cornea kanye ne-crystalline lens igxila kulokho kukhanye okufanayo endaweni encane encane ku-retina* yakho (izicubu zemizwa ezizwela ukukhanya ngemuva kweso), kugxilise ukuminyana kwamandla (i-irradiance) kufika ku-100,000 izikhathi. Ngokusho kwe-Federal Aviation Administration (FAA, United States), i-International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), kanye ne-American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO), ukuchayeka kwe-laser kukhiqiza amazinga amathathu akhulayo okuphazamiseka kokubuka:

Amaphrothokholi anembile okusinda abashayeli nabashayeli bezindiza abashaywe i-laser ebusuku¶

Iphrothokholi A: Eyabashayeli Bezimoto, Abashayeli Bamaloli, Nabasebenzi Bezitimela¶

Izigebengu nabacekeli bempahla emi emigwaqweni emikhulu, emabhulohweni abantu abahamba ngezinyawo, noma emigwaqweni eseceleni komgwaqo ngezikhathi ezithile bakhanyisa amalaser anamandla amakhulu aluhlaza noma aluhlaza kumawindi omoya ezimoto ezizayo kanye namaloli amancane ebusuku.

1. Gcina amehlo akho ethe njo kulayini wonqenqema olusesandleni sokudla olumhlophe (Ulayini Wenkungu): Njengalapho uphuphuthekiswe izibani zangaphambili ze-high-beam, ngokushesha hambisa indawo yakho yokugxilisa phansi iye kwesokudla (noma kwesokunxele emazweni oshayela ngesandla kwesokunxele njenge-UK ne-Australia) ukuze ulandelele umugqa wonqenqema oqinile opendwe ngopende omhlophe womzila wakho kwesokudla phambi kwehood yakho.
2. Flip phansi i-Sun Visor yakho bese uvula ideshibhodi yakho yangaphakathi / ukukhanya kwedome PHEZULU:
3. Ukuphendulela i-visor yelanga ekhanyayo kuvimbela imishayo ye-laser eqondiswe emigwaqweni emikhulu noma emagqumeni ngaphezu kwemoto yakho.
4. Ukuphakamisa ukukhanya kwethuluzi lakho ledeshibhodi (noma ukuchofoza kafushane ukukhanya kwemephu) kukhawulela kancane abafundi bakho abaguqule ubumnyama ukusuka kumamilimitha angu-7 kwehle kuye kumamilimitha angu-3 futhi kunciphisa ukushaqeka kokungafani kwe-laser flash.
5. Ungalokothi ushaye amabhuleki maphakathi nomgwaqo onguthelawayeka onesivinini esikhulu: Ukubhuleka kanzima ukuya esitobhini kuthelawayeka ophilayo kuyilapho ukucwazimula kubangela izingozi ezibulalayo ezibangelwa isiminyaminya esilandela umkhondo lapho abashayeli bawo bengase bamangazwe yi-laser efanayo. Vula izibani ezikhanyisa amahazard, khulula unyawo lwakho ku-accelerator, ubambe isondo lokuqondisa liqonde, bese ugudla ihlombe elingakwesokudla kuphela uma usukwazi ukubona unqenqema lwe-pavement ngokucacile.
6. Ungabheka kanjani ukuthi i-windshield yakho iyayikhulisa yini ukubenyezela: Amawindi omoya angcolile ambozwe ifilimu yentuthu engaphakathi, inkungu yedeshibhodi yepulasitiki ephuma ngaphandle, noma ukukhanya kwelaser okusabalalisa usawoti okungaphandle komgwaqo okubi ngokuphindwe ka-10 kunengilazi ehlanzekile. Ungasivuli isifutho sewasha sakho somoya ngenkathi i-laser ishaya ingilazi, ngoba amaconsi amanzi engilazini asebenza njengezinkulungwane zamalensi aconvex amancane asakaza i-laser kulo lonke iwindi lomoya.

Iphrothokholi B: Eyabashayeli Bezentengiselwano, Indiza engujekamanzi, kanye Nabahamba Ngezindiza Okujwayelekile¶

Ukukhanya kwendiza nge-laser phakathi nokusuka ebusuku nendlela yokugcina idlula izehlakalo ezibikwayo ezingu-10,000 minyaka yonke e-United States naseYurophu kuphela. I-FAA Advisory Circular AC 70-2B kanye nezindinganiso zemithi ye-ICAO yendiza yezindiza ibeka lokhu kulandelana kwe-cockpit:

1. Vikela Amehlo Akho Kuqala ("Bheka Ngaphakathi Kwe-Cockpit"): Ngokushesha i-laser flash ishaya isikrini sangaphambili, bheka phansi ngaphakathi kwe-cockpit at the instrument panel, futhi ungalokothi ubheke ngefasitela elihlangothini elibheke phansi ukuze uzame ukukhomba ukuthi ugongolo luvela kuliphi igumbi elingemuva.
2. Vimba i-Windscreen bese Ukhanyisa Izibani ze-Cockpit zibe Kakhulu: Phakamisa ibhodi lokunamathisela, ikhadi lohlu lokuhlola, noma isivikelo somlilo ukuze uvimbe iphaneli yesikrini somoya esikhanyayo, bese ukhanyisa i-cockpit dome nezibani zezikhukhula PHEZULU ziye phezulu ukuze uqede ukungafani kokujwayela okumnyama futhi unciphise ukubenyezela kweveli.
3. **Dlulisa Ukulawulwa Kwendiza Ngokushesha Uma Umshayeli Oyedwa Emangele **:
4. Eqenjini labashayeli bezindiza ababili, uma i-Pilot Flying (PF) ishaywe emehlweni futhi ibona ubumpumputhe obukhanyayo, ngokushesha yenza ukudluliselwa okuhle kwezilawuli ("Unezilawuli zendiza" / "Nginezilawuli zendiza") kumshayeli wendiza ongadalulwanga.
5. Esindizeni somshayeli oyedwa, sebenzisani I-Autopilot ngokushesha (noma undize kuphela ngamathuluzi endiza), futhi usebenzise indlela ephuthelwe / zulazula noma ukugibela okuthambile ufulathele indlela yohlaka uma ikhanyiswa ngaphansi kwamamitha angu-300 (amafidi angu-1,000) i-AGL uma usondela ekugcineni.
6. Bika ku-Air Traffic Control (ATC) usebenzisa i-Standard Phraseology:
7. Sakaza ngefrikhwensi yakho ye-ATC esebenzayo: "UKUKHANYA KWE-LASER ENGAGUNYAZIWE" kulandelwa indawo/ukuphakama kwakho, umbala we-beam, isiqondiso/ukuma kwewashi lomthombo, nokuthi ingabe i-beam ilandelela indiza.

I-Wavelength-Specific Laser Protection Eyewear (Izihlangu Ze-Laser Glare)¶

Kubashayeli bezindiza bezentengiselwano, izisebenzi zendiza enophephela emhlane, abasebenzi bezokuphepha, nezintatheli ezisebenza ezindaweni lapho kusetshenziswa khona amalaser aphathwayo njalo, izibuko zelanga ezimnyama AYIKUVIKELI i-retina ku-Class 3B noma i-Class 4 laser:

• Kungani izibuko zelanga ezinemibala egqamile zihluleka: Izibuko zelanga ezinombala omnyama zivimba kuphela amaphesenti angu-70 kuya kwangu-85 okukhanya okubonakalayo (Ukuminyana Okubonakalayo noma i-OD cishe engu-0.5 ukuya ku-0.8) kuyilapho kubangela abafundi bakho ukuba banwebe banzi ebumnyameni, okuvumela i-laser engu-1,000-milliwatt ukuthi idlule futhi ishise ilensi yelanga lakho.
• Indlela Izibuko Zokuphepha Zesihlungi Se-Notch-Filter Zisebenza: Indiza eqinisekisiwe kanye neqhinga Izibuko Zokuvikela Iso Lase-Laser (LEP) zisebenzisa odayi abakhethekile be-polycarbonate noma ama-dielectric anefilimu emincane enamathelayo elinganiselwe ngokuthi I-Optical Density (OD 2+ kuya ku-OD 4+) kumaza obude obukhethekile be-laser (njengamaza aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka angu-23 njengokuthi45 njengokuthi5*5). Isihlungi esithi OD 3.0 sehlisa isiteleka se-laser esingu-1,000-milliwatt esiyingozi ngesici esingu-1,000 (sehle siye ku-1 milliwatt engenangozi) kuyilapho sivumela ubude begagasi bethuluzi le-cockpit elingeyona i-laser ukuthi lidlule ukuze ukwazi ukufunda izikali zakho. Ngaso sonke isikhathi hlola ukuthi izingubo zamehlo ze-laser zigxivizwe ngobubanzi obuvikelwe ncamashi be-wavelength kuma-nanometers (nm) kanye nesilinganiso sakhona se-ANSI Z136.1 noma se-EN 207 Optical Density.

Ungakwenza kanjani Ukuzihlola Kwemizuzwana engama-60 Kokulimala Kwe-retinal (I-Amsler Grid Check)¶

Uma ushaywe i-laser pointer ekhanyayo noma i-laser ephathwayo ebusweni futhi ufuna ukwazi ukuthi ingabe unobumpumputhe besikhashana obungenabungozi noma ukusha kweretina okudinga udokotela wamehlo ophuthumayo, linda imizuzu eyi-10 kuye kweyi-15 egumbini elivamise ukukhanyiswa bese wenza lolu vivinyo olulula olulodwa olulodwa:

1. Hlola ISO ELILODWA NGESIKHATHI (Umthetho Obalulekile): Gqoka izibuko zakho zokufunda ezivamile uma uzigqokile. Mboza ngokuphelele iso lakho lesokunxele ngentende yesandla sakho sobunxele (ngaphandle kokucindezela inhlamvu yeso), futhi ubuke nge-iso lakho lakwesokudla kuphela ekhasini lombhalo omncane ophrintiwe, igridi yekhibhodi ye-smartphone, noma imigqa yegrout yamathayili odongeni lokugezela ukusuka kumasentimitha angu-35 (amayintshi angu-14) ukusuka kude. Bese ushintsha izandla bese uhlola ihlo lakho langakwesokunxele kuphela.
2. Kungani kufanele uvale iso elilodwa: Ngenxa yokuthi ubuchopho bomuntu ngokuzenzekelayo busebenzisa iso lakho elinempilo ukuze "ugcwalise" indawo encane eyimpumputhe esweni lakho elimele (ukucindezela okubili), abantu abanamaphesenti angu-50 okusha kwe-macular esweni elilodwa ngokuvamile abayiboni kuze kube yilapho bevala iso labo elihle.
3. Hlola lawa mafulegi abomvu e-Retinal Emergency amane:
4. Indawo Emnyama Emaphakathi, Empunga, noma Engenalutho (I-Scotoma): Uma ugqolozele uhlamvu olulodwa ngqo phakathi negama (ngokwesibonelo, elithi "R" egameni elithi SMARTPHONE), ingabe uhlamvu olumaphakathi oluthi "R" luyanyamalala, lubukeke lugezekile, noma luhlezi ngemuva kohlamvu olumpunga/olumnyama kuyilapho u-S" luhlala lubonakala? (E")
5. Imigqa Eqondile, Egobile, noma Ehlanekezelwe (I-Metamorphopsia): Uma ubheka imigqa yegridi eqondile evundlile neqondile yodonga olufakwe amathayela, ispredishithi, noma ifreyimu yomnyango ngeso elilodwa, ingabe imigqa eqondile ikhothamela ngaphakathi, igagasi, noma i-kink eduze nendawo yokubuka kwakho?
6. Ulwembu Olusha Oluntantayo, Amachashazi Amnyama, noma Ubomvu Obubomvu: Uyawabona amachashaza amasha amnyama enyakaza embonweni wakho noma umbala obomvu obomvu (okubonisa ukopha okuncanyana okuvela kumthambo we-retina ophukile)?
7. Ukuncipha Kokugcwalisa Umbala: Ingabe into ebomvu ngokugqamile ibonakala insundu ngokufiphele noma ifiphele esweni elithintekile uma iqhathaniswa neso elingalimele?

Uma noma iyiphi yalezi zimpawu ezine ikhona emizuzwini engu-15 ngemva kokuteleka kwe-laser, hamba uye eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo esibhedlela noma emtholampilo ophuthumayo we-ophthalmology ngalolo suku.

Izikhali Ezisindayo Zokudideka (LRADs, Sound Cannons, and High-dB Sirens)¶

Izidubuli ze-acoustic eziqondisayo, ikakhulukazi I-Long Range Acoustic Device (LRAD), izibhamu ezilawula abantu abaningi, nezinsimbi zokuphepha ze-ultra-high-decibel, zisebenzisa ama-array ahlukaniswe ngezigaba ama-transducer e-piezoelectric ukuze akhiqize umbhobho womsindo ogxile ku-135 kuya ku-162 kuya ku-162 decibel ngokuqondile ukuya ku-2dB00 ngokuqondile 4,000 Hz imvamisa ezwakalayo yomgudu wendlebe yomuntu**.

Kwenzekani emzimbeni womuntu ngama-decibel ayi-130 kuye kwayi-160¶

Izinyathelo Ezi-4 Zokuzivikela Ezimelene Nensimbi Esebenzayo Ye-Acoustic¶

Ngenxa yokuthi i-high-frequency acoustic array iziphatha njengesibani esingabonakali somsindo kunesipika se-omnidirectional, i-physics ikunikeza izindlela ezintathu ezisheshayo zokwehlisa izinga le-decibel ngo-30 kuya ku-40 dB ngemizuzwana emibili:

1. Vala Indlebe Yakho Ngokushesha Ngokusebenzisa i-"Tragus Push" (Hhayi Izimpama Ezigoqiwe):
2. Ukubeka izintende zakho eziyisicaba ngaphandle kwezindlebe zakho kuvimbe kuphela cishe u-5 kuya ku-10 dB womsindo wefrikhwensi ephezulu.
3. Kunalokho, beka amathiphu akho womabili iminwe yenkomba ngqo ku-tragus (i-flap encane, eqinile ye-cartilaginous khona kanye phambi kwembobo yendlebe yakho) futhi cindezela ama-tragus flaps aqinile ngaphakathi njengama-earplugs ebhayoloji akhelwe ngaphakathi ukuze uvale indlebe indlebe ivaleke ngokuphelele. Ukucindezela i-tragus ngaphakathi kunikeza 25 kuya ku-30 ​​dB ye-acoustic attenuation esheshayo, kunciphisa i-145 dB beam ebuhlungu yehle ibe ngu-115 dB osindekayo khona manjalo.
4. Uma uphethe ama-earplugs anegwebu (NRR 30 kuya ku-33 dB) kanye/noma ukudubula okungaphezu kwendlebe/izindlebe zasembonini, ugqoke izixhumi ezindlebeni eziyigwebu ngaphansi* izindlebe ("ukuvikela okukabili") vimba kufika ku-35 kuya ku-40 dB.
5. Vula Umlomo Wakho Kancane Futhi Ugwinye / Jaw-Wiggle:
6. Njengoba nje ngesikhathi sokuqhuma noma ukwehla kwendiza, ukugcina umlomo wakho uvuleke kancane futhi unyakazisa umhlathi wakho kuvula amashubhu e-Eustachian axhumanisa ingemuva lomphimbo wakho nendlebe yakho emaphakathi, okuvumela amaza okucindezela kwe-acoustic ukuthi alingane nhlangothi zombili ze-eardrum yakho ukuze ulwelwesi lungabi lula ukudabuka.
7. Hambisa 90 Degrees LATERALLY (Perpendicular to the Emitter Face):
8. Bheka isitsha esiyisicaba esingunxande noma esiyindilinga se-LRAD (imvamisa sigibeleka ophahleni lwemoto yezikhali, i-tripod, noma umkhumbi).
9. Ngenxa yokuthi amaza omsindo angu-2.5 kHz aqondise kakhulu, ingcindezi yomsindo igxile ekhoneni elincane 15-kuya-30-degree ngqo phambi kobuso obuyisicaba be-emitter.
10. Ungalokothi ugijime uqonde emuva uhlehle ngomgwaqo ophambi kwesitsha. Thatha izinyathelo ezisheshayo eziyi-10 kuye kwezingu-15 ama-degree angu-90 ukuya kwesokunxele noma kwesokudla ukuze uphumele ngaphandle konqenqema lwekhoni yomsindo; ukunyathela amadigri angu-20 nje e-axis kwehlisa izinga lomsindo ngo-15 kuya ku-25 dB ngokushesha.
11. **Beka Isisindo Esiqinile, Esiminyene Phakathi Kwekhanda Lakho Ne-Emitter **:
12. Amagagasi e-acoustic ane-high-frequency engu-2.5 kHz abonisa izindawo eziqinile, eziminyene futhi awakwazi ukugoba kalula (diffract) emakhoneni awugqinsi. Ukunyathela ngemuva kwensika kakhonkolo, ikhona lebhilidi lezitini, udonga oluqinile lwamatshe, indawo yokulahla imfucumfucu, noma ibhulokhi lenjini yemoto kuvimbela umugqa wokubona igagasi lomsindo ngokushesha. (Qaphela: Ukuphakamisa uphawu lwekhadibhodi, ubhaka, noma isambulela phambi kobuso bakho AKUVIMBI amagagasi e-acoustic, futhi empeleni kungenza njengebhodi elinomsindo elidlidliza eduze kwekhanda lakho.)

Ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngemuva kokulimala kwe-acoustic noma i-ultrasonic¶

Uma usukude nomthombo womsindo endaweni ethulile, hlola izindlebe zakho bese ubhalansisa:

• Ukukhala Kwesikhashana (I-Tinnitus) Nokuzwa Okungajabulisi: Ukukhala okuphezulu nomuzwa "okugcwele ukotini" ezindlebeni (I-Temporary Threshold Shift) kuvamile amahora angu-12 kuya kwangu-48 ngemva kokuvezwa okukhulu. Hlala endaweni ethule futhi ugweme ama-headphone noma umculo ophezulu izinsuku ezimbalwa ukuze uvumele amaseli ezinwele ze-cochlear aphelelwe amandla ukuthi alulame.
• Ufuna nini usuku olufanayo lwe-ENT / Ukunakekelwa Kwezempilo Okuphuthumayo:
• Ukulahlekelwa Ukuzwa Kwezinzwa Okuzumayo (Ukungezwa Okumaphakathi-kuya-Kunzima Endlebeni Eyodwa noma Zombili): Njengokusha kwe-retinal, ukuhlukumezeka kwe-acoustic endlebeni ejulile kusabela kahle kwi-dose ephezulu yokwelashwa ngomlomo noma nge-intratympanic corticosteroid kuqale phakathi mahoreni angu-24 kuya kwangu-72 ukuze kuncishiswe ukulimala kwe-noise kwekhanda Ungalindi amasonto amabili ngethemba lokuthi ukulalelwa okungacacile kuzozihambela ngokwakho.
• I-Eardrum Ephukile (I-Tympanic Membrane Perforation): Kuboniswa ubuhlungu bendlebe obubukhali obuma kungazelelwe, uketshezi olucacile noma igazi elikhanyayo eliphuma endlebeni yendlebe, noma ukuzwa ngokushaya ikhwelo lapho ufutha ikhala lakho. Gcina indlebe yomile ngamaphesenti angu-100 (ungabeki amanzi, ama-swabs kakotini, noma amaconsi endlebe atholakala ngaphandle kwe-counter ku-canal yendlebe) futhi ubone i-otolaryngologist (ENT) noma udokotela ophuthumayo.
• I-Vertigo eqhubekayo noma i-Nystagmus: Uma igumbi liqhubeka nokujikeleza noma ungakwazi ukuhamba umugqa oqondile ngaphandle kokuhlanza ngaphezu kwehora ngemva kokushiya indawo yomsindo, funa ukuhlolwa okuphuthumayo kwe-perilymph fistula yendlebe engaphakathi noma i-labyrinthine concussion.

Imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa¶

Kungani kungafanele ngibheke ngasemthonjeni we-laser ukuze ngibone ukuthi ubani oyikhanyisa emotweni noma endizeni yami?¶

Ungalokothi ubheke umsuka we-laser beam, ngisho nengxenye yomzuzwana. Lapho ubuka uqonde phansi ngomugqa we-laser, ilensi yeso lakho igxilisa ukukhanya kwe-laser okuhambisanayo phakathi nendawo ngqo ye-macula yakho (i-fovea, enikeza amaphesenti angu-100 okubona kwakho okubukhali okufunda nokushayela), igxilise amandla ohlaka izikhathi ezingu-100,000. Amalaser anamandla aphezulu aluhlaza noma aluhlaza athengiswa ku-inthanethi angashisa isibazi esishisayo esingapheli ku-fovea yakho ngaphansi kwamasekhondi angu-0.25, okushesha kakhulu kune-reflex yokucwayiza komuntu. Ngaso sonke isikhathi bheka eceleni, yehlisa isilevu sakho, futhi usebenzise umbono wakho oseceleni noma isihlangu esikhanyayo njengesibona-ndawo selanga ukuze uvimbele ukukhanya.

Ngingabona kanjani ukuthi i-laser pointer idale umonakalo unomphela ku-retina yami noma isithombe esingemuva kwesikhashana nje?¶

Linda imizuzu engu-10 kuya kwengu-15 ekamelweni elikhanyiswe ngokuvamile ukuze uthole ubumpumputhe obuvamile be-flash (okuzwakala sengathi indawo ekhazimulayo ngemva kokubuka isibani sekhamera) ukuze kufiphele, bese uvivinya amehlo akho kanye kanye ngesikhathi ngokuvala iso elilodwa ngentende yesandla sakho futhi ubheke umbhalo omncane noma igridi yemigqa yethayela eqondile. Uma isithombe sangemuva sifiphala ngokuphelele phakathi nemizuzu engu-15 futhi izinhlamvu zibukeka zibukhali futhi zicacile kuwo womabili amehlo, akukho ukusha unomphela okwenzeka. Kodwa-ke, uma usabona udaka olumnyama noma olumpunga olunganyakazi luvimbe uhlamvu olumaphakathi olubukayo, uma imigqa eqondile ibonakala ijikajika noma igobile, noma uma ubona ubulembu obumnyama obuntantayo, hamba kudokotela wamehlo noma umnyango wezimo eziphuthumayo esibhedlela ngalo lolo suku.

Iyiphi indlela eshesha kakhulu yokubalekela inganono yomsindo we-LRAD ebuhlungu noma ugongolo oluqondisayo lwe-acoustic?¶

Okokuqala, vala izindlebe zakho ngokushesha ngokucindezela ama-flap amancane ama-cartilaginous ngaphambili kwezindlebe zakho (i-tragus) ngokuqinile phakathi neminwe yakho yenkomba njengama-earplugs eyakhelwe ngaphakathi, futhi uvule umlomo wakho kancane ukuze ulinganise ukucindezela ezindlebeni zakho. Okwesibili, ungalokothi ugijime uhlehle uqonde emuva usuka kude nesitsha se-LRAD, ngoba idivayisi ikhiqiza i-15-to-30-degree encane yomsindo wokukhanya oqonde phambili ngamakhulu amamitha. Esikhundleni salokho, gijima amadigri angu-90 emaceleni (okuncike ebusweni be-emitter) ukuze uphume kukhoni yomsindo oqonde ngqo futhi ungene ngemuva kodonga lwezitini oluqinile, ikhona lebhilidi, noma imoto.

Ingabe kufanele ngisebenzise izisusi zami ze-windshield kanye noketshezi lwewasha uma i-laser ishaya iwindshield yemoto yami ebusuku?¶

Cha, ungafafazi i-windshield washer fluid ngenkathi i-laser beam ishaya isiphephelo sakho. Amaconsi amanzi kanye nokulandelana kuyo yonke ingilazi kusebenza njengezinkulungwane zamalensi amancane ahlehlayo futhi asakaze ukukhanya kwe-laser kuyo yonke iwindshield, okwenza kube kubi kakhulu ukuxhopha kweveli ngaphakathi kwemoto yakho. Esikhundleni salokho, ziyeke zivaliwe ama-wiper, flip i-visor yakho yelanga engaphezulu, uphakamise isandla esisodwa phezulu uma kudingeka ukuze uvimbe indawo ekhanyayo engilazini, gxila kulayini onqenqemeni lwesokudla olumhlophe olusesandleni sokudla, futhi wehlise ijubane ngokushelelayo ukhanyise izibani eziyingozi.

Imithombo ihloliwe¶

• I-Federal Aviation Administration (FAA, United States): I-Advisory Circular AC 70-2B (Ukubika Nge-Laser Illumination of Aircraft), I-Laser Hazards in Navigable Airspace, kanye ne-Pilot Medical Countermeasures.
• I-International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) kanye ne-UK Civil Aviation Authority (CAA, United Kingdom): Imanuwali ye-Laser Emitters kanye Nokuphepha Kwendiza (Doc 9815) kanye Nezinqubo Zokutholwa Kwe-Cockpit Flash Blindness.
• I-American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) ne-Laser Institute of America (LIA, United States): Ukuxilongwa Nokuphathwa Kwe-Handheld Laser-Induced Maculopathy, I-Retinal Photothermal Injury, kanye ne-ANSI Z136.1 Laser Safety Standards.
• Isikhungo Sikazwelonke Sokuphepha Nezempilo Emsebenzini (NIOSH / CDC) kanye ne-OSHA (United States): Umbandela Wezinga Elinconyiwe: Ukuchayeka Komsindo Wasemsebenzini, I-Impulse/High-Decibel Acoustic Trauma, kanye Nokuvikela Ukuzwa Okubili.
• I-American Academy of Otolaryngology, I-Head and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS) kanye Nodokotela Bamalungelo Abantu (PHR): Isiqondiso Sokusebenza Komtholampilo: Ukulahlekelwa Ukuzwa Ngokungazelelwe (Ukungenelela Kwasekuqaleni Kwe-Corticosteroid) kanye Nemithelela Yezempilo Yezikhali Zokulawula Isixuku (LRAD).

Iziqondiso ezihlobene¶

• Ukulimala kwamehlo, izinto zangaphandle, nokuchaphazeka kwamakhemikhali
• Izinhlamvu zenjoloba, ama-flashbangs, nokulimala kokuhlakazwa kwesixuku
• Iziyaluyalu zomphakathi, imibhikisho, nezikhathi zokufika ekhaya
• Ukuphuka kwezimoto nokuphepha komgwaqo omkhulu
• Ukucindezelwa kwekhabhinethi yendiza, indawo ye-brace, kanye nokuphuma
• Uhla lwemibhalo lwezinombolo eziphuthumayo